Добірка наукової літератури з теми "519.6: 519.23: 616.12"

Trans-Telephonic Electro-Cardiographic Monitoring (TTEM) centre, is an easy to use tool,now freely available in India. Between May 1996 and May 1997, 398 patients were registered at Escorts Heart Alert Centre (EHAC) for TTEM; 321 (81%) males and 77(19%) females. Age range was from 1 month to 95 years. 65% patients were from New Delhi ; 35% from other cities in India and abroad. Patients' clinical profile were post-CABG, post-PTCA, post-MI, patients after discharge; evaluation of chest pain, palpitation, chronic angina, arrhythmias, and pace-maker follow up. Out of 664 symptomatic transmisions, 510 (77%) were for cardiac symptoms like chest pain 309 (61%); palpitation 90 (18%) ; uneasiness 61(12%); dizziness 28(5%) breathlessness 22(4%). 154(23%) were for non-cardic symptoms like stitch pain and backache (51); Atypical chest pain (39); weakness and fever (45) and sweating (19). 84%, 78% and 75% patients of chest pain, palpitation and dizziness respectively transmitted their ECGs within one hour of the onset of the symptoms. Out of 664 symptomatic transmissions, 531 required either re-assurance or drug-dose adjustment on telephone. 97 were called to OPD on elective basis. 36 patients were advised immediate hospitalization, for acute management. TTEM was useful in avoiding 628 unnecessary visits to the hospital whereas 36 patients, were immediately hospitalized , for receiving acute life-saving interventions.

Luigino Troisi of the University of Salento found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 371) that a variety of primary and secondary amines could be coupled with a benzylic halide 1 under carbonylating conditions. Ilhyong Ryu of Osaka Prefecture University showed (Organic Lett. 2010, 12, 1548) that under reducing conditions, an iodide 3 coupled with CO to give the primary alcohol. Felicia A. Etzkorn of Virginia Tech observed (Organic Lett. 2010, 12, 696) that under Hg hydrolysis conditions, the orthothioester derived from 5 coupled with 6 to give 7. Yasuharu Yoshimi of the University of Fukui and Minoru Hatanaka of Iwate Medical University devised (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2332) conditions for the decarboxylative addition of the acid 8 to 9 to give 10. Yong-Min Liang and Xiaojun Yao of Lanzhou University and Chao-Jun Li of McGill University described (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 783) a related procedure with α-amino acids. Yasutaka Ishii of Kansai University established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 2536) that t -butyl acetate 12 was an effective partner for the Ir-mediated oxidation-coupling-reduction of an alcohol 11. He used (J. Org. Chem. 2010, 75, 1803) a similar protocol to condense acetone with the diol 14, to give the long-chain diketone 16. The formation of allylic Grignard reagents can be inefficient because the excess reactive halide tends to couple with the Grignard reagent as it forms. Brandon L. Ashfeld of the University of Notre Dame found (Tetrahedron Lett. 2010, 51, 2427) a simple solution to this problem: inclusion of a catalytic amount of the inexpensive Cp2 TiCl2 to mediate the addition of 18 to 17. Brian T. Connell of Texas A&M University demonstrated (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2010, 132, 7826) that with Mn, 21 could be added to 20. The acetate 21 is thus an easily prepared homoenolate equivalent. Note that although 21 is an E/Z mixture, the product 22 is cleanly Z. Gérard Cahiez of the Université de Paris 13 reported (Synlett 2010, 299) a detailed study of the Cu-catalyzed coupling of 24 with 23. Without supporting ligands, slow addition (syringe pump, 1 h) of 24 to 23 assured clean formation of 25. Manual slow addition (dropping funnel, 15 min) was not effective.

Marco Lombardo of the Università degli Studi di Bologna devised (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 3428) a silyl-bridged hydroxyproline catalyst that mediated the enantioselective addition of 2 to cinnamaldehyde 1 to give 3. Yoann Coquerel and Jean Rodriguez of Aix Marseille Université showed (Adv. Synth. Catal. 2012, 354, 3523) that a hybrid epi-cinchonine catalyst directed the enantioselective and diastereoselective addition of the amide 4 to the nitro alkene 5 to give 6. Magnus Rueping of RWTH Aachen observed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12864) that a chiral Brønsted acid mediated the diastereoselective and enantioselective formation of 9 by the addition of 8 to cyclopentadiene 7. Marco Bandini, also of the University of Bologna, combined (Chem. Sci. 2012, 3, 2859) organocatalysis with gold catalysis to effect the cyclization of 10 to 11. Min Shi of the Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry prepared (Chem. Commun. 2012, 48, 2764) the quaternary cyclic amino acid derivative 14 by adding 13 to the acceptor 12. Makoto Tokunaga of Kyushu University prepared (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6178) the ketone 17 by the hydrolytic enantioselective protonation of the enol ester 15. Hiyoshizo Kotsuki of Kochi University developed (Synlett 2012, 23, 2554) a dual catalyst combination that effectively mediated the enantioselective addition of malonate even to the congested acceptor 18. Yoshitaka Hamashima and Toshiyuki Kan of the University of Shizuoka established (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6016) a protocol for the enantioselective brominative cyclization of 21, readily available by the reductive alkylation of benzoic acid. Polycarbocyclic ring systems can also be prepared by organocatalysis. Ying-Chun Chen of Sichuan University tuned (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 19942) cinchona-derived catalysts to selectively convert 23 into either exo (illustrated) or endo 25. Peng-Fei Xu of Lanzhou University developed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 12339) a supramolecular iminium catalyst for the intramolecular Diels-Alder cycloaddition of 26. In a spectacular illustration of the power of organocatalysis, Varinder K. Aggarwal of the University of Bristol dimerized (Nature 2012, 489, 278) succinaldehyde from the hydrolysis of commercial 28 directly to the unsaturated aldehyde 29. Diastereoselective conjugate addition led to prostaglandin F2α 30.

Carlo Siciliano and Angelo Liguori of the Università della Calabria showed (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 10575) that an amino acid 1 could be both protected and activated with Fmoc-Cl, so subsequent exposure to diazomethane delivered the Fmoc-protected diazo ketone 2. Pei-Qiang Huang of Xiamen University activated (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 8314) a secondary amide 3 with triflic anhydride, then added an alkyl Grignard reagent with CeCl3 to give an intermediate that was reduced to the amine 4. John C. Walton of the University of St. Andrews found (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 13580) that under irradiation, titania could effect the decarboxylation of an acid 5 to give the dimer 6. Jin Kun Cha of Wayne State University demonstrated (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2012, 51, 9517) that a zinc homoenolate derived from 7 could be transmetalated, then coupled with an electrophile to give the alkylated product 8. The Ramberg-Bäcklund reaction is an underdeveloped method for the construction of alkenes. Adrian L. Schwan of the University of Guelph showed (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 10978) that 10 is a particularly effective brominating agent for this transformation. Daniel J. Weix of the University of Rochester coupled (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 9989) the bromide 12 with the allylic carbonate 13 to give 14. The Julia-Kocienski coupling, illustrated by the addition of the anion of 16 to the aldehyde 15, has become a workhorse of organic synthesis. In general, this reaction is E selective. Jirí Pospísil of the University Catholique de Louvain demonstrated (J. Org. Chem. 2012, 77, 6358) that inclusion of a K+-sequestering agent switched the selectivity to Z. Yoichiro Kuninobu, now at the University of Tokyo, and Kazuhiko Takai of Okayama University constructed (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 6116) the tetrasubstituted alkene 20 with high geometric control by the Re-catalyzed addition of 19 to the alkyne 18. André B. Charette of the Université de Montréal converted (Org. Lett. 2012, 14, 5464) the allylic halide 21 to the alkyne 22 by displacement with iodoform followed by elimination. In an elegant extension of his studies with alkyl tosylhydrazones, Jianbo Wang of Peking University added (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2012, 134, 5742) an alkyne 24 to 23 to give 25.

Jianhui Huang and Kang Zhao of Tianjin University devised (Chem. Commun. 2013, 49, 1211) a protocol for the oxidation of a terminal alkene 1 to the valuable four-carbon synthon 2. M. Christina White of the University of Illinois effected (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 7831) the oxidation of the terminal alkene 3 to the enone 4. Miquel Costas of the Universitat de Girona developed (J. Org. Chem. 2013, 78, 1421; Chem. Eur. J. 2013, 19, 1908) a family of Fe catalysts for the oxidation of methylenes to ketones. Depending on the catalyst, any of the three ketones from the oxidation of 5, including 6, could be made the dominant product. Yumei Xiao and Zhaohai Qin of China Agricultural University optimized (Synthesis 2013, 45, 615) the Co-catalyzed oxidation of the methyl group of 7 to give the aldehyde 8. Thanh Binh Nguyen of CNRS Gif-sur-Yvette established (J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2013, 135, 118) a protocol (not illustrated) for the oxidation of methyl groups on heteroaromatics. Shunsuke Chiba of Nanyang Technological University cyclized (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 212, 3214) the amidine 9 to 10, and the hydrazone 11 to 12. These cyclizations proceeded by sequential C–H abstraction followed by recombination, and so were racemizing. In contrast, the conversion of 13 to 14, developed (Science 2013, 340, 591) by Theodore A. Betley of Harvard University, proceeded with substantial reten­tion of absolute configuration. Tsutomu Katsuki of Kyushu University designed (Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2013, 52, 1739) a Ru catalyst that was selective for the allylic position of the E-alkene 15 to give 16. Amination was highly regioselective, and proceeded with excellent ee. Ilhyong Ryu of Osaka Prefecture University and Maurizio Fagnoni of the University of Pavia reported (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2554) the direct carbonylation of 17 to the amide 18. David W. C. MacMillan of Princeton University devised (Science 2013, 339, 1593) a protocol for the β- arylation of an aldehyde 19 to give 20. Directed palladation of distal C–H bonds continues to be developed. Srinivasarao Arulananda Babu of the Indian Institute of Science Education and Research effected (Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 3238) diastereoselective arylation of the cyclopropane 21 with 22 to give 23.