Статті в журналах: "Accelerated corrosion testing"

1

Meade, Cynthia L. "Accelerated corrosion testing." Metal Finishing 98, no. 6 (January 2000): 540–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(00)80461-4.

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2

Singleton, Raymund. "Accelerated corrosion testing." Metal Finishing 108, no. 11-12 (December 2010): 366–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(10)80256-9.

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3

Singleton, Raymund. "Accelerated Corrosion Testing." Metal Finishing 110, no. 9 (November 2012): 12–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(13)70186-7.

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4

Meade, Cynthia L. "Accelerated corrosion testing." Metal Finishing 97, no. 5 (January 1999): 526–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0026-0576(99)80826-5.

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5

Edwards, Marc, and John F. Ferguson. "Accelerated Testing of Copper Corrosion." Journal - American Water Works Association 85, no. 10 (October 1993): 105–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1551-8833.1993.tb06085.x.

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6

Lin, Huang, and G. S. Frankel. "Accelerated Atmospheric Corrosion Testing of Ag." CORROSION 69, no. 11 (November 2013): 1060–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/0926.

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7

Strazzi, E., and G. Sipione. "Accelerated corrosion testing of anodized aluminium." Transactions of the IMF 63, no. 1 (January 1985): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00202967.1985.11870702.

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8

Robinet, Laurianne, and David Thickett. "A New Methodology for Accelerated Corrosion Testing." Studies in Conservation 48, no. 4 (December 2003): 263–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/sic.2003.48.4.263.

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9

Prošek, T. "Accelerated cyclic corrosion tests." Koroze a ochrana materialu 60, no. 2 (June 1, 2016): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/kom-2016-0008.

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Abstract Accelerated corrosion testing is indispensable for material selection, quality control and both initial and residual life time prediction for bare and painted metallic, polymeric, adhesive and other materials in atmospheric exposure conditions. The best known Neutral Salt Spray (NSS) test provides unrealistic conditions and poor correlation to exposures in atmosphere. Modern cyclic accelerated corrosion tests include intermittent salt spray, wet and dry phases and eventually other technical phases. They are able to predict the material performance in service more correctly as documented on several examples. The use of NSS should thus be restricted for quality control.

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10

Zhang, Dan Feng, Xiao Ming Tan, Yue Liang Chen, and Fu Juan Sun. "Effective Service Life Assessment of Aluminum Alloy Alclad Corrosion Protection under Equivalent Accelerated Condition." Advanced Materials Research 146-147 (October 2010): 1708–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.146-147.1708.

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It’s very important to describe the corrosion damage evolvement rule of the aircraft structure for evaluating the calendar life. According to equivalent accelerated corrosion testing spectrum based on key environment data, the corrosion damage of accelerating corrosion testing for 7d is equivalent to that of field exposure for 1a. The new aluminum alloy of aircraft structure has been accelerated tested for 10a. Through KH-7700 3-D optical microscope, corrosion damage was inspected and measured. The result shows that some independent pits generate on the alclad surface in the first, and then many pits interconnect leading to the bigger holes. The effective service life of the aluminum alclad was gotten under equivalent accelerated corrosion testing condition.

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11

Sığırcık, Gökmen, Ömer Yıldırım, and TUNÇ TÜKEN. "ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION BEHAVIOR OF HOT-DIP GALVANIZED AND CONTINUOUS GALVANIZED STEEL." Acta Metallurgica Slovaca 28, no. 3 (September 24, 2022): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/ams.28.3.1526.

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Five years of outdoor atmospheric corrosion tests of hot dip galvanized steel samples were performed, for products of continuous galvanizing and after fabrication batch galvanizing processes. For the purpose of comparison between corrosion performances of these two different galvanizing process products, an industrial coastal area (Gemlik-Bursa/TURKEY) was chosen for outdoor testing, which fits into C4 type corrosive atmosphere definition, according to ISO 9223. Samples were studied in laboratory with accelerated salt spray exposure test and electrochemical methods. Corrosion products formed on exposed samples and cross section of coatings are analyzed by SEM. Lead is observed to change the corrosion characteristics of the coatings with change in constituents of environments. In saline electrolytes, alloying of lead is found to accelerate corrosion rate. This metal deposits as cluster on top layer of the galvanized coatings and acts as strong cathodes with respect to the zinc and accelerates the corrosion rate. It was determined that differences in dip and continuous galvanization processes cause dramatic differences in the elemental composition, morphology and regional hardness values of coatings. In the comparison of corrosion resistance, lower performance of the dip galvanized coating, although it is much thicker, has been shown due to the differences mentioned above.

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12

Zhang, Dan Feng, Xiao Ming Tan, Jia Rui Qi, and Yan Li Li. "Research on Fatigue Notch Factor of Aluminum Corrosion Pits." Applied Mechanics and Materials 633-634 (September 2014): 141–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.633-634.141.

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In the midst of highly corrosive marine environment the corrosion damage is very critical in the aircraft structure. Corrosion will reduce the fatigue strength and fatigue life of aircraft structure. The fatigue notch factor is a very important factor, and which directly affects the accuracy of the fatigue life estimation result. The LY12CZ aluminum alloy of aircraft structure was accelerated tested according to equivalent accelerated corrosion testing spectrum based on key environment data, then made a fatigue test. According to the fatigue test data fatigue notch factor was calculated and then the variation law of fatigue notch factor with the corrosion life was studied.

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13

Zhukova, L. T., M. G. Dudnik, and Yu A. Gordin. "ACCELERATED CORROSION TESTING TECHNIQUE FOR MEDIUM DESIGN OBJECTS." Design. Materials. Technology, no. 2 (2021): 37–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.46418/1990-8997_2021_2(62)_37_42.

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14

Nossoni, G., and R. Harichandran. "Current Efficiency in Accelerated Corrosion Testing of Concrete." CORROSION 68, no. 9 (September 2012): 801–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/0428.

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15

Prettyman, Thomas. "Corrosion Testing of Captor Strongback Bands." Journal of the IEST 28, no. 4 (July 1, 1985): 29–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.17764/jiet.1.28.4.e386610j544h0276.

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Accelerated corrosion tests were conducted by the Naval Surface Weapons Center on CAPTOR mine strongback bands. Strongback bands are part of the CAPTOR suspension system, which interfaces the mine to the delivery system of minelaying aircraft and surface ships. The laboratory tests were performed to recreate the stress corrosion cracking failures observed in CAPTOR stockpile storage. The tests were designed to produce the same failures during weeks of laboratory testing which occurred after several years of stockpile storage. This magnitude of accelerated testing required the use of aggressive corrosion test environments. Eight strongback bands, representing (known) problem bands (H925 heat treated 17-4PH stainless steel), the present-use bands (H1015 heat treated 17-4PH stainless steel), and the proposed replacement bands (Inconel 718), underwent side-by-side testing. Both (known) problem bands failed by stress corrosion cracking: the first during 28-day temperature and humidity testing, and the second during the subsequent 1000-hour salt spray test. None of the three present-use or three proposed replacement bands failed through the temperature and humidity test, salt spray test, and twelve months of outdoor exposure. These failures indicate that the test environments are sufficiently aggressive to recreate fleet-observed stress corrosion cracking failures, but in a much shorter time.

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16

Feng, Zhicao, G. S. Frankel, and C. A. Matzdorf. "Quantification of Accelerated Corrosion Testing of Coated AA7075-T6." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 161, no. 1 (November 21, 2013): C42—C49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/2.059401jes.

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17

Montoya, P., I. Díaz, N. Granizo, D. de la Fuente, and M. Morcillo. "An study on accelerated corrosion testing of weathering steel." Materials Chemistry and Physics 142, no. 1 (October 2013): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2013.07.009.

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18

Mak, Michele Win Tai, Pieter Desnerck, and Janet M. Lees. "Correlation between surface crack width and steel corrosion in reinforced concrete." MATEC Web of Conferences 199 (2018): 04009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819904009.

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Reinforced concrete structures are subjected to weather conditions, chemical attack and other sources of deterioration that can affect their performance. In particular, corrosion of the internal steel reinforcement is considered to be one of the main causes of structural deterioration. A possible consequence of corrosion is cracking of the surrounding concrete. Visual inspections are often used to inform asset management strategies. Finding a relationship between cracks that are visible on the outer surface of a structure and corrosion of the internal reinforcement can be helpful when making assessment decisions. To this end, unconfined cylindrical concrete specimens with an embedded steel bar have been subjected to accelerated corrosion using an impressed current density of 200µA/cm2, leading to steel mass losses between 5-24%. This paper discusses the measured correlation between corrosion-induced surface crack widths and degree of reinforcement corrosion. The tests highlighted some limitations of a set-up that is commonly adopted for accelerated corrosion and concentric pull-out bond testing. The findings of this study represent a first step towards the standardisation of accelerated corrosion testing procedures using an impressed current.

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19

You, Jei Jun, Han Seung Lee, and Yoshiteru Ohno. "Study on the Mechanism of Rebar Corrosion Considering the Relationship between Corrosion and Crack Width." Key Engineering Materials 348-349 (September 2007): 481–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.348-349.481.

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In this study, accelerated corrosion tests were conducted on concrete specimens with and without accelerated carbonation beforehand for the purpose of elucidating the effects of carbonation, cover depth, and water-cement ratio (W/C) on the reinforcement corrosion. During testing, the corrosion current between the anode steel and cathode stainless steel was measured to continuously monitor the progress of corrosion throughout the test period, thereby investigating the mechanism of reinforcement corrosion and the relationship between corrosion and crack width, as well as other parameters.

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20

Oduoza, Chike F., and Stacey Hingley. "Electrochemical evaluation of corrosion resistance of chromium plated nickel and copper tin alloys. A comparative study." Journal of Electrochemical Science and Engineering 8, no. 3 (May 17, 2018): 227–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5599/jese.429.

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Engineering materials and composites are frequently exposed to aggressive and chemically toxic environments with high probability for rapid corrosion and consequent deterioration and catastrophic degradation. Occasionally, a new legislation regulates against the use of existing materials, necessitating thus development of new methodologies or new materials in order to reduce material corrosion rates. The aim of this study is to test the corrosion resistance of the copper tin alloy, a material that could replace nickel compounds, recently reclassified as suspected carcinogens. Standard sizes of pre-cut nickel and brass panels were produced and then plated with different thicknesses of copper tin alloy and chromium for additional protection. Evaluation of plated materials for corrosion rate and resistance was carried out using linear polarisation, electrochemical impedance and accelerated destructive testing. Corrosion testing of the materials assessed qualitatively and quantitatively, showed that corrosion resistance was dependent on a combination of factors, including the thickness of chromium plating, type of material, type of testing and duration in a corrosion chamber. While linear polarisation experiment was useful in establishing corrosion rate of sample, electrochemical impedance and accelerated destructive testing experiments assessed corrosion resistance of the materials.

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21

Townsend, Ty, and Dev Chidambaram. "Corrosion Testing in Nitrate Molten Salt Using Rotating Cylindrical Electrode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 12 (October 9, 2022): 766. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0212766mtgabs.

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Molten salts are under consideration as the working fluid in thermal power generation. Nitrate molten salts store vast amounts of energy at high temperature and are an efficient energy production medium. Nitrate molten salts are corrosive to structural materials in these applications. Static corrosion studies may neglect the effects of fluid flow on corrosion and flowing test loops can be expensive and complex. A rotating cylinder electrode (RCE) can simulate the effects of fluid flow on the corrosion of structural materials and are more compact and economical then flow loops. We have developed a rotating cylinder electrode apparatus to study the corrosion of structural metals in flowing molten salts using accelerated electrochemical corrosion testing. In this study, we have evaluated the corrosion behavior in molten nitrate salts and used various surface characterization techniques to compare the results from static corrosion tests. Results and analysis of these studies will be presented. Acknowledgement: This research is being performed using funding received from the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs under awards DE-NE0008889 and DE-NE0008236, and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) under contract 31310018M0032. Dr. Kenny Osborne and Ms. Nancy Hebron-Isreal serve as the program managers for the DOE and NRC awards, respectively.

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22

Lee, C., J. F. Bonacci, M. DA Thomas, M. Maalej, S. Khajehpour, N. Hearn, S. Pantazopoulou, and S. Sheikh. "Accelerated corrosion and repair of reinforced concrete columns using carbon fibre reinforced polymer sheets." Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 27, no. 5 (October 1, 2000): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l00-030.

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An experimental study on the simulation of corrosion in large-scale reinforced concrete columns and their repair using carbon fibre reinforced polymer (CFRP) sheets is presented. Seven columns were subjected to an accelerated corrosion regime, wrapped using CFRP sheets, then tested to structural failure and (or) subjected to further post-repair accelerated corrosion, monitoring, and testing. Accelerated corrosion was achieved by adding sodium chloride to the mixing water, applying a current to the reinforcement cage, and subjecting the specimens to cyclic wetting and drying. Results showed that the CFRP repair greatly improved the strength of the repaired member and retarded the rate of post-repair corrosion. Moreover, subjecting the repaired column to extensive, post-repair corrosion resulted in no loss of strength or stiffness and only a slight reduction in the ductility of the repaired member.Key words: accelerated corrosion, carbon fibre reinforced polymer, composites, corrosion damage, corrosion rate, external confinement, reinforced concrete columns.

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23

Efird, K. D. "Disturbed Flow and Flow-Accelerated Corrosion in Oil and Gas Production." Journal of Energy Resources Technology 120, no. 1 (March 1, 1998): 72–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2795013.

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The effect of fluid flow on corrosion of steel in oil and gas environments involves a complex interaction of physical and chemical parameters. The basic requirement for any corrosion to occur is the existence of liquid water contacting the pipe wall, which is primarily controlled by the flow regime. The effect of flow on corrosion, or flow-accelerated corrosion, is defined by the mass transfer and wall shear stress parameters existing in the water phase that contacts the pipe wall. While existing fluid flow equations for mass transfer and wall shear stress relate to equilibrium conditions, disturbed flow introduces nonequilibrium, steady-state conditions not addressed by these equations, and corrosion testing in equilibrium conditions cannot be effectively related to corrosion in disturbed flow. The problem in relating flow effects to corrosion is that steel corrosion failures in oil and gas environments are normally associated with disturbed flow conditions as a result of weld beads, pre-existing pits, bends, flanges, valves, tubing connections, etc. Steady-state mass transfer and wall shear stress relationships to steel corrosion and corrosion testing are required for their application to corrosion of steel under disturbed flow conditions. A procedure is described to relate the results of a corrosion test directly to corrosion in an operation system where disturbed flow conditions are expected, or must be considered.

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24

Zhang, C., M. T. Le, B. B. Seth, and S. Y. Liang. "Bearing life prognosis under environmental effects based on accelerated life testing." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 216, no. 5 (May 1, 2002): 509–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/0954406021525304.

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The reliability of a bearing is typically estabilished by repeated life testing which provides valuable information on the fatigue mechanisms from crack initiation, crack propagation to flake or spall. Under nominal operating conditions, life testing often consumes a significant amount of time and resources, due to the comparatively high bearing mean lifetime before failure (MTBF), rendering the procedures expensive and impractical. Therefore, the technology of accelerated life testing (ALT), which is widely used in manufacturing practice, offers the attractive benefit of requiring relatively less investment in terms of time and resources. Data from tests at high stress levels (e.g. temperature, voltage, pressure, corrosive media, etc.) can be extrapolated, through a physically reasonable statistical model, to obtain life estimates at lower, normal stress levels. In this study, a methodology to predict bearing lifetime under a corrosive environment has been developed based on accelerated life testing data and the application of the inverse power law. Bearing life tests under various corrosion stress levels were performed for model identification followed by additional independent bearing life tests conducted for model verification. The experimental result shows that the accelerated life test model can effectively assess the life probability of a bearing based on accelerated environmental testing, even with extrapolation to untested stress levels.

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25

Jiao, Jinchao, Yong Lian, Zhao Liu, He Guo, Jin Zhang, Yan Su, Junpeng Teng, Yiming Jin, and Jinyan Chen. "Correlation between Laboratory-Accelerated Corrosion and Field Exposure Test for High-Strength Stainless Steels." Materials 15, no. 24 (December 19, 2022): 9075. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15249075.

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Equipment in a long-term marine atmosphere environment is prone to corrosion failure. Natural field exposure tests usually require a long time to obtain corrosion information. This study worked out a laboratory-accelerated corrosion test method that has a strong correlation with the natural environment test in Wanning, Hainan, and can be used as the basis for life assessment and the prediction of two high-strength stainless-steel materials. The mathematical model of corrosion weight loss of two high-strength stainless steels (3Cr13 and 00Cr12Ni10MoTi) was established by a field exposure test and a laboratory-accelerated corrosion test. Then, the correlation between the field exposure test and the laboratory-accelerated corrosion test was evaluated using qualitative and quantitative methods, and the acceleration ratio was calculated using the accelerated switching factor (ASF) method. The results show that: (1) The corrosion morphology of the two stainless steels after 15 days of laboratory-accelerated corrosion testing is similar to that obtained after two years of field exposure. (2) The value of gray correlation between the laboratory-accelerated corrosion test and the field exposure test is not less than 0.75. (3) The acceleration ratio of both stainless steels increases with the corrosion test time in the laboratory. The corrosion prediction models for the two stainless steels are T3Cr13 = 6.234 t1.634 and T00Cr12Ni10MoTi = 55.693 t1.322, respectively.

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26

Townsend, Ty, and Dev Chidambaram. "Alkali Chloride Molten Salt Corrosion Testing Using a Rotating Cylindrical Electrode." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 12 (October 9, 2022): 752. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0212752mtgabs.

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Next generation nuclear reactors utilizing alkali chloride molten salts are currently under development. These reactors operate at a higher temperature and more efficient than current nuclear reactors. Molten salt reactors necessitate research to develop knowledge of corrosion of the structural materials for this application. Static corrosion tests may fail to account for the effects that fluid flow may have on corrosion and molten salt flow loops can be complex and uneconomical. A rotating cylindrical electrode (RCE) can simulate the effects of flow on the corrosion of structural components and are more elementary than a flow loop. We have developed a rotating cylindrical electrode apparatus to study the effects flow may have on corrosion of structural materials in alkali chloride molten salts using accelerated electrochemical corrosion testing techniques and surface characterization techniques which are then compared to static alkali chloride molten salt corrosion. Results and analysis of the effects of fluid flow on accelerated electrochemical corrosion of structural materials will be presented. Acknowledgement: This research is being performed using funding received from the DOE Office of Nuclear Energy's Nuclear Energy University Programs under awards DE-NE0008889 and DE-NE0008236, and the US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (USNRC) under contract 31310018M0032. Dr. Kenny Osborne and Ms. Nancy Hebron-Isreal serve as the program managers for the DOE and NRC awards, respectively.

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27

Zhao, Shuai, Kexi Liao, Zhuoting Chen, and Feilong Zhou. "Study on corrosion mechanism of the weld seam of submarine pipeline’s spool." E3S Web of Conferences 121 (2019): 03006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912103006.

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This paper studies the corrosion mechanism of the weld seam of the submarine pipeline’s spool. The types and causes of inner tube weld corrosion are simulated by EDX and XRD analysis of the on-site pipe corrosion products, combined with OLGA Software simulation pipeline flow pattern. The tensile testing, impact testing and hardness testing were carried out on the base metal and the weld by tensile tester, pendulum impact tester and Brinell hardness tester to analyze the mechanical properties of the base metal and the weld; the microstructural difference between the weld and the base metal were analyzed by optical microscopy; The results show that the liquid phase flow rate along the line is between 3.5m/s and 7.5m/s, which aggravates the mixing between the gas and liquid phases to form a bubble flow. When the entire weld area is immersed in the same simulated medium solution, the galvanic corrosion occurs in three parts of the weld zone. The weld seam and heat affected zone will be accelerated to corrode as the anode region of the galvanic couple. The weld seam has the lowest corrosion potential and is always used as an anode to accelerate corrosion.

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28

Kurs, M., and A. Goncharov. "Investigation of corrosion damage of wrought aluminium alloys at full-scale accelerated tests. Part 2. Pitting corrosion." Voprosy Materialovedeniya, no. 1(97) (August 10, 2019): 175–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.22349/1994-6716-2019-97-1-00-00.

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The paper presents the results of a study of pitting corrosion of aluminum alloys of seven doping systems after testing by the full-scale accelerated method. The advantages of the method of laser scanning microscopy in the analysis of pitting corrosion are shown, which makes it possible to improve significantly the accuracy of measurements in comparison with the metallographic method. Peculiarities of the kinetics of pitting growth under long-term, accelerated tests were studied, the role of pitting corrosion in the part of characterizing the alloy’s susceptibility to local corrosion failure was shown.

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29

Mehmanparast, Ali, and Azenor Vidament. "An accelerated corrosion-fatigue testing methodology for offshore wind applications." Engineering Structures 240 (August 2021): 112414. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.engstruct.2021.112414.

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30

Austin, S. A., R. Lyons, and M. J. Ing. "Electrochemical Behavior of Steel-Reinforced Concrete During Accelerated Corrosion Testing." CORROSION 60, no. 2 (February 2004): 203–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5006/1.3287722.

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31

Wilds, Neil. "Coatings for corrosion under insulation (CUI) protection—accelerated testing methodology." APPEA Journal 53, no. 1 (2013): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj12010.

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Corrosion under insulation (CUI) is a serious issue in the oil and gas industry, with failures often occurring without warning and having devastating effect. When expensive redesign is not possible or practical, operators have a number of options open to them to mitigate the risk of CUI; these include the use of various protective coatings or thermally sprayed metals. Despite a number of technologies presently available, the industry is yet to establish an accepted laboratory test method for the performance benchmarking of products. This has, in the past, damaged confidence in some solutions and hampered the selection and further development of CUI coatings. As a result, the subject of accelerated laboratory testing for CUI coatings is now receiving significant attention across the industry with joint industry programs proposed in both Europe and North America. This paper will examine state-of-the-art accelerated CUI testing, evaluating the advantages and disadvantages of the existing methods available. It will then offer a detailed description of a test method that has been in use since 2004, testing more than 300 specimens and assessing a wide range of coating technologies. The reproducibility of the test program will be established by the presentation of a range of data including results obtained from a third-party test house. The third-party results will then be correlated with a seven-year case study from an end user perspective provided by Santos, a major Australian oil and gas exploration and production company, from experiences at their Port Bonython facility in SA.

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32

Dergach, T. O., G. D. Sukhomlyn, A. Ye Balev, and D. A. Sukhomlyn. "Accelerated electrochemical methods of testing austenitic corrosion resistant steels for resistance to intercrystallite corrosion." Bulletin of Prydniprovs’ka State Academy of Civil Engineering and Architecture, no. 3 (June 26, 2020): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30838/j.bpsacea.2312.070720.46.640.

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33

Kurs, M. G., and S. A. Karimova. "Salt-accelerated outdoor corrosion testing: methodology and evaluation of corrosion susceptibility of aluminum alloys." «Aviation Materials and Technologies», no. 1 (2014): 51–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.18577/2071-9140-2014-0-1-51-57.

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34

Knysh, V. V., S. O. Osadchuk, S. O. Solovei, L. I. Nyrkova, and A. O. Rybakov. "Procedure of accelerated corrosion testing for modeling the long-term effect of moderate climate atmosphere on welded joints." Paton Welding Journal 2019, no. 11 (November 28, 2019): 44–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/tpwj2019.11.08.

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35

Depoortere, M., O. Rogge, Nahuel Micone, and Wim De Waele. "Accelerating corrosion in a laboratory set-up for corrosion-fatigue of offshore steels." International Journal Sustainable Construction & Design 7, no. 1 (October 21, 2016): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.21825/scad.v7i1.3639.

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Corrosion-fatigue is a dangerous failure mechanism that is not yet fully understood. Structures subjected to corrosion-fatigue are over conservative in design, which is economically unfavourable. To counter this, representative laboratory experiments simulating the corrosion-fatigue conditions of an offshore structure should be performed. Lab testing is, for obvious reasons, performed at frequencies much higher than these of wave and wind actions. However, this means that corrosion needs to be accelerated in the same manner. In this work two different ways to accelerate corrosion were selected, namely temperature and oxygen content adaptation. S-N curves were determined in different test conditions in order to evaluate the damage evolution. It has been found that high temperatures and high levels of oxygen content will result in earlier failure. The fracture surfaces are somewhat different than fracture surfaces obtained due to fatigue in air. More crack initiation sites can be observed and the fracture surface is generally rougher due to corrosion.

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36

Chatisathien, Polporn, and Nuttapon Suttitam. "Atmospheric Corrosion Behavior Assessment of Carbon Steel Pipes Using Cyclic Salt Spray Test." Key Engineering Materials 658 (July 2015): 42–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.658.42.

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Accelerated atmospheric corrosion behavior of carbon steel pipes subjected to cyclic salt spray test was performed according to ISO 14993 – Corrosion of metals and alloys – Accelerated testing involving cyclic exposure to salt mist, “dry” and “wet” conditions [1]. In order to investigate the effect of degree of exposure to environment of inner surface of the pipe on corrosion behavior of inner surface of the specimens, degree of completeness of weldment, 0%, 50%, 80%, and 100%, of steel cover plate is varied. Exposure times in this study are 168, 336, and 504 hours which can be correlated to 10, 20, and 30 years exposed to C3 corrosivity category according to the definition of ISO 9223 – Corrosion of metals and alloys – Corrosivity of atmospheres – Classification, determination and estimation [2,3]. After testing, visual inspection on outer and inner surfaces of the specimens were performed. In addition, average corrosion rate of the specimens were performed according to ISO 8407 – Corrosion of metals and alloys – Removal of corrosion products from corrosion test specimens [4]. The results show that as-received steel pipe specimens exhibited great degree of corrosion attack on the inner surface of the specimens while slight amount of corrosion was observed from the welded pipe specimens.

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37

Borchert, M., G. Mori, M. Bischof, and A. Tomandl. "Accelerated SCC Testing of Stainless Steels According to Corrosion Resistance Classes." Corrosion Science and Technology 14, no. 6 (December 31, 2015): 280–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.14773/cst.2015.14.6.280.

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38

Kolyada, Lyudmila G., Elena V. Tarasyuk, and N. L. Medyanik. "Accelerated Tests of Protective Properties of Packaging Materials for Cold-Rolled Steel." Solid State Phenomena 284 (October 2018): 1278–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.284.1278.

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Metal products are exposed to atmospheric corrosion during transport, long-term storage and operation. An important trend in corrosion protection is development of cutting-edge packaging materials containing volatile corrosion inhibitors (VCI). The issue under study is relevant because metal products are mainly exported by sea through regions with a humid tropical climate. Package protective capabilities are in focus when selecting packaging materials containing volatile corrosion inhibitors. The paper contains the results of comparison testing corrosion protection capabilities of combined packaging papers with volatile corrosion inhibitors using a number of methods: as per GOST 9.054 (method 1), GOST 9.305, Germany VIA Test method and that of the USA Federal Standard. It is found that inhibitors protect cold-rolled steel provided the package is at least partly sealed. Tests with all accelerated methods show that the UNI inhibitor provides the best corrosion protection.

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LeBozec, N., and D. Thierry. "A new device for simultaneous corrosion fatigue testing of joined materials in accelerated corrosion tests." Materials and Corrosion 66, no. 9 (November 27, 2014): 893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.201407984.

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40

Qian, Yuhai, Jingjun Xu, and Meishuan Li. "An accelerated testing method for the evaluation of atmospheric corrosion resistance of weathering steels." Anti-Corrosion Methods and Materials 62, no. 2 (March 2, 2015): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/acmm-11-2013-1319.

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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to present a laboratory accelerated periodic immersion wet/dry cyclic corrosion test, reflecting the alternate wet/dry process during the atmospheric exposure of metallic materials, which can be applied to evaluate the atmospheric corrosion resistance (ACR) of weathering steels in a very short period. Design/methodology/approach – This test method uses 0.01 M sodium bisulfite aqueous solution with pH 4.4 as the immersion medium, simulating the notable characteristics of sulfur dioxide pollutant in industrially polluted atmospheres. During the test process, the tested specimens are immersed into the solution for 12 minutes, immediately followed by the subsequent drying process for 48 minutes, and such alternate process consists of a cyclic period, i.e. 1 hour. As a result of this procedure, a relative corrosion rate is defined to determine the ACR. To determine a preferred test period, different test periods including 72 and 200 hours were compared. Findings – Compared with several other commonly used test methods, it was confirmed that the relative ACR of various steels can be determined after testing for only 72 hours. The constituent of the corrosion products, i.e. the rust layer, was consistent with that formed after long-term exposure in a typical outdoor atmospheric environment. Originality/value – The test method enables comparative testing for ranking the ACR of weathering steel during the development of new weathering steels.

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Marinova, Nevena, Aiala Urbegain, Pablo Benguria, Andreu Travé, and Raúl Caracena. "Evaluation of Anticorrosion Coatings for Offshore Wind Turbine Monopiles for an Optimized and Time-Efficient Coating Application." Coatings 12, no. 3 (March 14, 2022): 384. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings12030384.

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Offshore corrosion is a critical issue for metallic offshore structures. In this study, we investigated the corrosion protection of 12 coating systems for offshore monopiles in atmospheric, splash, and submerged zones, and we compared their performance under accelerated laboratory testing according to ISO 12944 with real field exposure. The results showed that the aging of the coatings did not accelerate at the same rate in all coatings. Furthermore, we observed that for some types of laboratory tests, the results are not representative of real field exposure as the laboratory test is much less aggressive than the real offshore conditions. This observation confirms that the field exposure data provide valuable information in order to properly assess the corrosion protection of coatings and thus the expected lifetime of the offshore structure. Additionally, we analyzed the rate-determining steps involved in the application of the coating onto the entire monopile and quantified the possibility of achieving a more time efficient coating process. Our results contribute to a better understanding of the issues related to testing and qualification of corrosion protection coatings for offshore structures and provide useful insights for the selection of coating solutions at the industrial level.

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42

Pritzl, Matthew D., Habib Tabatabai, and Al Ghorbanpoor. "Laboratory Assessment of Select Methods of Corrosion Control and Repair in Reinforced Concrete Bridges." International Journal of Corrosion 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/175094.

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Fourteen reinforced concrete laboratory test specimens were used to evaluate a number of corrosion control (CoC) procedures to prolong the life of patch repairs in corrosion-damaged reinforced concrete. These specimens included layered mixed-in chlorides to represent chloride contamination due to deicing salts. All specimens were exposed to accelerated corrosion testing for three months, subjected to patch repairs with various treatments, and further subjected to additional three months of exposure to accelerated corrosion. The use of thermal sprayed zinc, galvanic embedded anodes, epoxy/polyurethane coating, acrylic coating, and an epoxy patch repair material was evaluated individually or in combination. The specimens were assessed with respect to corrosion currents (estimated mass loss), chloride ingress, surface rust staining, and corrosion of the reinforcing steel observed after dissection. Results indicated that when used in patch repair applications, the embedded galvanic anode with top surface coating, galvanic thermal sprayed zinc, and galvanic thermal sprayed zinc with surface coating were more effective in controlling corrosion than the other treatments tested.

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43

Xue, Qiong, Jian-biao Huang, Dai-jun Yang, Bing Li, and Cun-man Zhang. "Enhanced PEMFC durability with graphitized carbon black cathode catalyst supports under accelerated stress testing." RSC Advances 11, no. 32 (2021): 19417–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01468d.

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The enhanced anti-corrosion properties of graphitized carbon substrates are evaluated via accelerated stress tests (ASTs). The graphitized surface properties of carbon are responsible for alleviating the coarsening and agglomeration of Pt particles.

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44

Abouhussien, Ahmed A., and Assem A. A. Hassan. "Experimental and Empirical Time to Corrosion of Reinforced Concrete Structures under Different Curing Conditions." Advances in Civil Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/595743.

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Reinforced concrete structures, especially those in marine environments, are commonly subjected to high concentrations of chlorides, which eventually leads to corrosion of the embedded reinforcing steel. The total time to corrosion of such structures may be divided into three stages: corrosion initiation, cracking, and damage periods. This paper evaluates, both empirically and experimentally, the expected time to corrosion of reinforced concrete structures. The tested reinforced concrete samples were subjected to ten alternative curing techniques, including hot, cold, and normal temperatures, prior to testing. The corrosion initiation, cracking, and damage periods in this investigation were experimentally monitored by an accelerated corrosion test performed on reinforced concrete samples. Alternatively, the corrosion initiation time for counterpart samples was empirically predicted using Fick’s second law of diffusion for comparison. The results showed that the corrosion initiation periods obtained experimentally were comparable to those obtained empirically. The corrosion initiation was found to occur at the first jump of the current measurement in the accelerated corrosion test which matched the half-cell potential reading of around −350 mV.

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45

Tan, Nguyen Ngoc, and Nguyen Dang Nguyen. "An experimental study on flexural behavior of corroded reinforced concrete beams using electrochemical accelerated corrosion method." Journal of Science and Technology in Civil Engineering (STCE) - NUCE 13, no. 1 (January 31, 2019): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.31814/stce.nuce2019-13(1)-01.

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This study investigated experimental bearing capacity of corroded reinforced concrete beams. Six testing beams were made of concrete having compressive strength of 25 MPa, with the dimensions of 1200 x 80 x 120 mm. They were divided into two groups depending of tension reinforcement ratio. Of which, two beams were used as the controls, whereas the other fours ones having tension reinforcement were subjected to corrosion by the electrochemical accelerated corrosion method. After accelerated corrosion, the beams were tested under monotonic loading to investigate their performance. All the tested beams were failed in flexural failure mode corresponding to spalling of cover concrete. Test results showed that as corrosion rate in tension reinforcement increased, the lower cracking load and the displacement at the cracking load were observed. As the corrosion rate of tension reinforcement ranging from 7.5% to 8.3%, it had little effect on the peak load. As the corrosion rate increased further, approximately 10.8% and 14.1% in this study, the peak load decreased significantly. The higher the corrosion rate, the lower the displacement of corroded beams. Moreover, as corrosion rate of tension reinforcement increased the number of concrete cracks and their spacing reduced, and the width of cracks was generally larger. Keywords: reinforced concrete beam; electrochemical accelerated corrosion; corrosion rate; load-carrying capacity; displacement; concrete cracking. Received 08 January 2019, Revised 16 January 2019, Accepted 17 January 2019

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46

Kainuma, Shigenobu, Young Soo Jeong, and Junji Kobayashi. "Influence of Size and Proximity of Paint Coating Defects on Corrosion Behavior of Carbon Steel Plates." Key Engineering Materials 665 (September 2015): 125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.665.125.

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To ensure the safety of painted steel structures, it is important to evaluate the influence of the size and proximity of coating defects on corrosion behavior. In this research, accelerated exposure tests were carried out using combined corrosion cycles, which consisted of exposure to atomizing salt water, wetting, and drying with hot and warm wind. The test specimens were paint-coated steel plates with individual circular machined coating defects 1, 3, 10, and 15 mm in diameter. Multi-circular defects 1 mm in diameter were also created in the specimens. The test results indicate that the mean and maximum corrosion depths increased with increasing diameter of the single defect of the coated steel plate. When actual coated steel members are exposed to corrosive chloride environments such as those represented by the corrosion cycle testing conducted in this research, the corrosion depth for multi-circular defects 1 mm in diameter appears to be 1.5 to 2.5 times greater than that for a single-circular defect.

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47

Leng, Yu, Daijun Yang, Pingwen Ming, Bing Li, and Cunman Zhang. "The Effects of Testing Conditions on Corrosion Behaviours of SS316L for Bipolar Plate of PEMFC." Journal of The Electrochemical Society 169, no. 3 (March 1, 2022): 034513. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/1945-7111/ac593f.

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Corrosion of stainless steel bipolar plate (BPP) remains a big challenge while it has been considered to be one of the most appropriate candidates for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) in automotive application. This work aims to study comprehensively the effects of temperature, pH, bubbled gas and potential on corrosion behaviours of SS316L. Moreover, SEM and EDX are performed to reveal the evolutions of surface morphology, microstructure and chemical composition of SS316L under different testing conditions. The results indicate that temperature, pH and potential have significant influences on corrosion potential (Ecorr.), corrosion current density (Icorr.) and passive current density (Ip) of SS316L. In addition, interactions between different testing conditions on corrosion resistance are strong. The main corrosion mechanism of SS316L would be shifted from pitting to intergranular or uniform corrosion as pH decreases from 3 ∼ 5 to 0.3 ∼ 1. Accelerated testing solutions with pH in the range of 0.3 ∼ 1 may be suitable to evaluate corrosion resistance of materials for BPP at lower potential. However, simulated testing conditions with pH in the range of 3 ∼ 5 is more appropriate when higher potentials of 1.0 ∼ 1.4 V (vs Ag/AgCl) need to be considered.

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48

Oltra, Roland, Bruno Vuillemin, and Rudy Larsen. "Combination of Galvanic Interaction and Acoustic Emission Measurements on Damaged Painted Al Alloys: Towards Instrumented Witness Coupons for Outdoor Corrosion Testing." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 11 (October 9, 2022): 748. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0211748mtgabs.

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After real environmental exposures, the presence of corrosion damages on aircraft structures may be detected by means of non-destructive techniques (NDT). However, corrosion initiation and mechanism behind the defect cannot be distinguished by currently used physical methods. Therefore, aircraft industry needs sensors able to detect both corrosion initiation and its propagation. Few years ago, a new test sample design providing accelerated response during atmospheric corrosion tests was reported by G.S. Frankel research group [[1],[2]]. A painted Al alloy panel, uncoated through-hole noble fasteners and scribes, was specially designed to measure the galvanic current between fasteners and scribes during exposure in a salt fog chamber using a zero-resistance ammeter. But galvanic current measurement remains an electrochemical technique which could be difficult to be implemented in environments expected to be encountered in service, even if some attempts were described in literature [[3]]. More robust NDT methods, like acoustic emission was suggested to evaluate corrosion damage on Al alloys [[4]] but their application has not been yet transferred to instrumented witness coupons. Recently a European program [[5]] was launched to validate the application of ultrasonic corrosion sensors for real time detection of early stages of localized corrosion on Al alloys. Following our previous work on laboratory-scale tests based on mass transport control from inhibitors leaching from primer exposed at scribes [[6]], this talk describes the laboratory validation of acoustic emission combined with galvanic corrosion current measurements to evaluate the role of depletion of available corrosion inhibitors in the paint on scratched plates, mimicking riveted aircraft panels, exposed to chloride environments, in various conditions, i.e. immersion and salt spray conditions. [1] C.A. Matzdorf, W.C. Nickerson,B.C. Rincon Troconis,G.S. Frankel, Longfei Li, R.G. Buchheit, Galvanic Test Panels for Accelerated Corrosion Testing of Coated Al Alloys: Part 1—Concept, Corrosion, 69 (2013) 1240-1246. [2] Z.Feng and G.S. Frankel, Galvanic Test Panels for Accelerated Corrosion Testing of Coated Al Alloys: Part 2—Measurement of Galvanic Interaction, Corrosion,70 (2014) 95-106. [3] Z. Feng, G.S. Frankel,W.H. Abbott,C.A. Matzdorf, Galvanic attack of coated al alloy panels in laboratory and field exposure, Corrosion, 72 (2016) 342-355. [4] A. Prateepasen, C. Jirarungsatian, Implementation of acoustic emission source recognition for corrosion severity prediction, Corrosion, 67 (2011), 056001/1-056001/11. [5] Early detection and progress monitoring and prediction of corrosion in aeronautic Al alloys through calibrated Ultrasonic-CorROSion Sensor application, EU H2020 Grant agreement ID: 864905, https://cordis.europa.eu/project/id/864905 [6] R. Oltra and F.Peltier, Laboratory-scale testing of the anti-corrosion effectiveness of a primer coating on a bare AA2024 surface, Surface Interface Analysis, 48 (2016) 775–779.

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Wade, Scott, and Linda Blackall. "Development of a laboratory test for microbial involvement in accelerated low water corrosion." Microbiology Australia 39, no. 3 (2018): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma18049.

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Microbially influenced corrosion (MIC) is a general term for when microbes affect material corrosion processes. The rapid corrosion that can occur due to MIC can cause significant dangers and costs for owners of relevant assets in relation to predicting structural safety, design of new structures and maintenance. Verification and/or prediction that a structure may be subject to MIC is not straightforward and, when metal surfaces are involved, it requires a series of metallurgical, microbiological and chemical tests. A useful part of this testing can be laboratory-based studies of microbial consortium samples from the environment of interest. However, there are no standard guidelines for how to perform such tests. Here we report the results of a preliminary study of laboratory corrosion simulations with biomass from a marine metallic corrosion event and show that simple changes in the test conditions can alter the rate of corrosion and the composition of microbial consortia during the test.

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50

Parker, Mary E., and Robert G. Kelly. "Improved Accelerated Testing for Localized Corrosion Susceptibility of High-Strength Aluminum Alloys." Materials Science Forum 794-796 (June 2014): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.794-796.223.

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Several accelerated tests for high-strength aluminum alloys, such as ASTM G34, ASTM G85 Annex 2, and ASTM G110 can produce significantly different results in third generation aluminum lithium (Al-Li) alloys. In this study, the reason for this inconsistency is investigated by comparing the electrochemical kinetics for AA2060 to those of AA2090 as well as legacy alloy AA7075-T6, and by comparing the performance of AA2060 in ASTM G110 and ASTM G85. The corrosion potential of AA2060 was found to be higher than that of AA7075-T6 and AA2060-T8E41. Also, it was found that although ASTM G110 does not produce exfoliation in AA 2060-T3 as in ASTM G85, the type of attack observed in cross-section is very similar in both tests.

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