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Статті в журналах з теми "Adult shell"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

A. N. Stringer, I., Karl E. C. Brennan, Melinda L. Moir, G. R. Parrish, Jonathan D. Majer, and G. H. sherley. "Population structure, growth and longevity of Placostylus hongii (Pulmonata: Bulimulidae) on Tawhiti Rahi Island, Poor Knights Islands, New Zealand." Pacific Conservation Biology 9, no. 4 (2003): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc040241.

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Placostylus hongii, a threatened snail species, was studied on Tawhiti Rahi Island in the Poor Knights Islands group off the east coast of northern New Zealand between 1998 and 2000. Most live snails and empty shells were adults (83% and 85% respectively) and the low proportion of empty adult shells (36%) compared with live adult snails found in an area last burnt in the late 1950s suggests that the population there is still recovering. Growth was measured using snails recaptured with the aid of harmonic radar transponders attached to their shells. Increase in shell length varied from 6 to 25

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2

Signes, Miguel, Jelle Bijma, Christoph Hemleben, and Rolf Ott. "A model for planktic foraminiferal shell growth." Paleobiology 19, no. 1 (1993): 71–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s009483730001232x.

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In this paper we analyze the laws of growth that control planktic foraminiferal shell morphology. We assume that isometry is the key toward the understanding of their ontogeny. Hence, our null hypothesis is that these organisms construct isometric shells. To test this hypothesis, geometric models of their shells have been generated with a personal computer. It is demonstrated that early chambers in log-spirally coiled structures cannot follow a strict isometric arrangement. In the real world, the centers of juvenile chambers deviate from the logarithmic growth curve. Juvenile stages are genera

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3

Ю.С., Рябцева, та Вичалковська Н.В. "КОНХОЛОГІЧНІ ОСОБЛИВОСТІ ЧЕРЕВОНОГИХ МОЛЮСКІВ РОДУ VIVIPARUS В ЗАЛЕЖНОСТІ ВІД ЇХ СТАТІ". Біологія та валеологія, № 19 (12 грудня 2017): 79–86. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1108561.

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The paper deals with the postembryonic variability of male and female shells in <em>V. viviparus </em>Linnaeus, 1758 from two Ukrainian populations. The paper represents the investigation of variability of molluscs shells <em>Viviparus </em>in the post-embryonic period. The comparative-morphological study of the adventitious clam shell of the clams of the genus <em>Viviparus </em>should be conducted taking into account the age of molluscs. Our data suggest that sex dimorphism in viviparid according to the confidential parameters of adult individuals is obviously absent. It is determined that t

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4

Shaw, Jazmine, Yeram Kang, Callie Triano, et al. "Comparative Assessment of Shell Structural, Mechanical, and Elemental Properties in Adult Acorn Barnacles." Diversity 16, no. 8 (2024): 482. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d16080482.

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Balanomorph (acorn) barnacles are found throughout the world’s coastal oceans, and their success is dependent on a hard, mineralized, outer shell. Although macro-scale morphology of barnacle shells has been studied extensively, relatively little is known about shell properties at the micron-scale and if such properties vary among species. We assessed shell structure, mechanics, and composition in seven species of balanomorph barnacles from five genera. Three species, Amphibalanus amphitrite, Amphibalanus improvisus, and Austrominius modestus, were laboratory-reared, enabling direct comparison

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5

Kempf, Hannah L., David A. Gold, and Sandra J. Carlson. "Investigating the Relationship between Growth Rate, Shell Morphology, and Trace Element Composition of the Pacific Littleneck Clam (Leukoma staminea): Implications for Paleoclimate Reconstructions." Minerals 13, no. 6 (2023): 814. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min13060814.

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Due to their robust preservation and widespread nature, marine bivalve shells are increasingly used as informative, high-resolution records of past environmental conditions. Unfortunately, few studies have investigated variability amongst individuals in a genetic cohort and throughout their ontogeny. We measured several morphological properties and the element patterning of 200-day-old juvenile Leukoma staminea (Conrad, 1837) grown in identical conditions from the same reproductive cohort. We hypothesized that slower shell growth would correspond to the reduced incorporation of trace/minor ele

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6

Gancel, HN, RH Carmichael, J. Du, and K. Park. "Use of settlement patterns and geochemical tagging to test population connectivity of eastern oysters Crassostrea virginica." Marine Ecology Progress Series 673 (September 2, 2021): 85–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13796.

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Freshwater-dominated estuaries experience large fluctuations in their physical and chemical environments which may influence larval dispersal, settlement, and connectivity of populations with pelagic larval stages. We used settlement patterns and natural tagging along with numerical hydrodynamic model results to assess settlement and connectivity among oysters across the freshwater-dominated Mobile Bay-eastern Mississippi Sound (MB-EMS) system. Specifically, we (1) tested how freshwater inputs and associated environmental attributes influenced settlement patterns during high and low discharge

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7

Aswan, Aswan, S. Rijani, and Y. Riza. "Shell Bed Identification of Kaliwangu Formation and its Sedimentary Cycle Significance, Sumedang, West Java." Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 8, no. 1 (2013): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.8.1.1-11.

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DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v8i1.151Kaliwangu Formation cropping out around Sumedang area contains mollusk fossils dominated by gastropods and bivalves. In terms of sequence stratigraphy, each sedimentary cycle generally consists of four shell bed types: Early Transgressive Systems Tract (Early TST) deposited above an erosional surface or sequence boundary, that is characterized by shell disarticulation, trace fossils, gravelly content, no fossil orientation direction, and concretion at the bottom; Late Transgressive Systems Tract (Late TST) identified by articulated (conjoined) specimen in its life po

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8

Hayashi, Masakazu, and Shinji Sugiura. "Shell-breaking predation on gastropods by Badister pictus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with strikingly asymmetric mandibles." ZooKeys 1044 (June 16, 2021): 815–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62293.

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The adults and larvae of some groups in the coleopteran family Carabidae are known to prey on snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Most species of the carabid tribe Licinini are believed to feed on live snails. However, the snail-eating behavior of only a few species has been studied. Whether adults of the licinine genus Badister can prey on live snails was tested by providing 155 live snails of 20 species (eleven terrestrial and nine aquatic species) to adults of Badister pictus Bates, 1873, and observing their behavior under laboratory conditions. Six of the 20 snail species have an operculum that

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9

Hayashi, Masakazu, and Shinji Sugiura. "Shell-breaking predation on gastropods by Badister pictus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) with strikingly asymmetric mandibles." ZooKeys 1044 (June 16, 2021): 815–30. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1044.62293.

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Анотація:

The adults and larvae of some groups in the coleopteran family Carabidae are known to prey on snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda). Most species of the carabid tribe Licinini are believed to feed on live snails. However, the snail-eating behavior of only a few species has been studied. Whether adults of the licinine genus Badister can prey on live snails was tested by providing 155 live snails of 20 species (eleven terrestrial and nine aquatic species) to adults of Badister pictus Bates, 1873, and observing their behavior under laboratory conditions. Six of the 20 snail species have an operculum that

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10

Freudenrich, Craig C., Nancy R. Wallace, Karl Wilbur, Pete Ingram, and Ann LeFurgey. "Strontium can be used as a tracer to examine calcification in the adult barnacle (Balanus amphititre amphititre)." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 52 (1994): 180–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100168633.

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Calcification in barnacles occurs at the base of each shell plate; as new CaCO3 is deposited at the base, the shell grows upward. Although barnacle shell growth patterns have been characterized, the cellular calcium transport mechanisms involved in biomineralization are unknown; calcium is thought to be transported through the mineralizing epithelial cells into a limited diffusional space between the cells and the shell where calcification occurs. To follow transport of calcium in the cells and newly mineralized shell, one might consider using 45Ca and autoradiography.Alternatively, electron p

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11

Avignon, Solène, Stéphanie Auzoux-Bordenave, Sophie Martin, et al. "An integrated investigation of the effects of ocean acidification on adult abalone (Haliotis tuberculata)." ICES Journal of Marine Science 77, no. 2 (2020): 757–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsz257.

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Abstract Ocean acidification (OA) and its subsequent changes in seawater carbonate chemistry are threatening the survival of calcifying organisms. Due to their use of calcium carbonate to build their shells, marine molluscs are particularly vulnerable. This study investigated the effect of CO2-induced OA on adult European abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) using a multi-parameter approach. Biological (survival, growth), physiological (pHT of haemolymph, phagocytosis, metabolism, gene expression), and structural responses (shell strength, nano-indentation measurements, Scanning electron microscopy

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12

Němec, Tomáš, and Michal Horsák. "Specific damage recognised on land snail shells as a tool for studying predation intensity: differences related to habitat and predator types." Contributions to Zoology 88, no. 3 (2019): 277–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18759866-20191402.

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Shell formation is the main defensive strategy against predation for the majority of snails. Therefore, various predators have had to develop a variety of techniques how to overcome this barrier. As shells can persist in a calcium-rich environment for a long time, specific external or internal traces on shells left by predators indicate whether and who killed the snail. Based on litter samples collected at 30 sites of five different habitat types, the intensity and type of predation were assessed. The minimal predation rate varied between 0.0 and 21%, with an average of 8%. The highest rate wa

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13

Cook, Alex, Alexander Nützel, and Jiri Frýda. "Two Mississippian Caenogastropod limpets from Australia and their meaning for the ancestry of the Caenogastropoda." Journal of Paleontology 82, no. 1 (2008): 183–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1666/06-028.1.

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Two new limpets with a caenogastropod-type larval shell are described from the Mississippian (Early Carboniferous) of Australia and assigned to Australoscutula n. gen. of the family Pragoscutulidae. This family has previously been reported only from the Early Devonian of Europe (Czech Republic, Prague Basin). Therefore, it survived the Late Devonian biotic crisis. the fact that one of the earliest certain caenogastropods has a patelliform shell is noteworthy given most other Middle to Late Paleozoic caenogastropods are high-spired or fusiform. Pragosutulidae are interpreted as an early patelli

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14

Yanes, Yurena, Igor Gutiérrez-Zugasti, and Antonio Delgado. "Late-glacial to Holocene transition in northern Spain deduced from land-snail shelly accumulations." Quaternary Research 78, no. 2 (2012): 373–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.yqres.2012.06.008.

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AbstractShells of the helicid Cepaea nemoralis were studied using taphonomic, isotopic and morphometric measurements to estimate late glacial–Holocene (~ 12.1–6.3 cal ka BP) environmental conditions in northern Spain. Higher taphonomic alteration among Holocene shells suggests lower sedimentation rates or higher shell-destruction rates than during glacial conditions. Shells preserved the aragonitic composition despite differing degree of skeleton damage. Shell δ13C values were − 10.3 ± 1.1‰, − 8.2 ± 2.3‰, and − 7.3 ± 1.6‰ for modern, Holocene and late-glacial individuals, respectively. Higher

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15

Akester, Robert J., and André L. Martel. "Shell shape, dysodont tooth morphology, and hinge-ligament thickness in the bay mussel Mytilus trossulus correlate with wave exposure." Canadian Journal of Zoology 78, no. 2 (2000): 240–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z99-215.

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We examined the shell morphology of the bay mussel Mytilus trossulus (Gould) at six locations with various levels of wave exposure in Barkley Sound on the west coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. Young adult M. trossulus (29-35 mm shell length) collected from wave-exposed sites displayed striking differences in shell morphology from M. trossulus from sheltered sites. Mytilus trossulus from wave-exposed habitats had a lower shell height / shell width ratio and a thicker shell; they also had higher, more robust dysodont teeth, as well as a thicker hinge ligament. Examination of

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16

Anaya, Alexis, David Rice, and Laura Kraft. "Effect of increasing size on the ability of green crab (Carcinus maenas) to manipulate and eat commercially and ecologically important species in the Pacific Northwest." Fishery Bulletin 123, no. 3 (2025): 157–65. https://doi.org/10.7755/fb.123.3.2.

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We sought to determine the potential effect of invasive green crab (Carcinus maenas) on commercially and ecologically important species in the Pacific Northwest through choice and no-choice assays conducted with green crab of different sizes. We looked at the feeding behavior of green crab in relation to various prey choices, including adult Manila clam (Ruditapes philippinarum), adult Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas), young Pacific oyster as spat on shell, and native eelgrass (Zostera marina). No-choice assays were modeled with a negative binomial regression, and choice assays were modeled

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17

Benjamin, Emilee D., Jenny R. Hillman, Sean J. Handley, Trevyn A. Toone, and Andrew Jeffs. "The Effectiveness of Providing Shell Substrate for the Restoration of Adult Mussel Reefs." Sustainability 14, no. 23 (2022): 15746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142315746.

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Providing benthic substrate is the most common method used for oyster reef restoration. The physical relief from the seabed, increased habitat complexity, and attachment surfaces have been shown to improve oyster health, recruitment, and survival. While the addition of shell material is an effective substrate for oyster restoration, its usefulness in mussel restoration has been understudied. This study tested the effectiveness of adding shell substrate to two different types of soft sediment for the restoration of adult green-lipped mussels. Over 10 t of shell was used to create a 10 cm layer

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18

Kupfernagel, Sandra, and Bruno Baur. "Sperm utilization in subadult and adult simultaneous hermaphrodite snails mating in the wild." Canadian Journal of Zoology 89, no. 11 (2011): 1041–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z11-080.

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In species with multiple mating and long-term sperm storage, males are expected to show a preference for mating with virgin and young females to reduce the risk of sperm competition. In various simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail species, sperm production precedes egg production by 2–4 weeks, resulting in a short period of protandric hermaphroditism before shell growth is completed. In a natural population, we collected copulating pairs of the simultaneous hermaphrodite land snail Arianta arbustorum (L., 1758) consisting either of two adults, of two subadults, or of one adult and one subadul

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19

Bond, Paul N., and W. Bruce Saunders. "Sublethal injury and shell repair in Upper Mississippian ammonoids." Paleobiology 15, no. 4 (1989): 414–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300009593.

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Sublethal injuries recorded in the shells of five Upper Mississippian ammonoid species from the Imo Formation of northwest Arkansas are manifested as repaired shell breaks, which can be categorized as minor, moderate, massive, deep-acute, or as perforations. Overall, 15% of the ammonoids exhibit some form of repaired break. The injuries are distributed as follows: Anthracoceras discus 9%; Fayettevillea bransoni 13%; Fayettevillea friscoense 21%; Rhadinites miseri 24%; Richardsonites mapesi 38%. These figures are substantially lower than in living Nautilus, in which more than one-half of adult

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20

Caill-Milly, Nathalie, Noëlle Bru, Kélig Mahé, Catherine Borie, and Frank D'Amico. "Shell Shape Analysis and Spatial Allometry Patterns of Manila Clam (Ruditapes philippinarum) in a Mesotidal Coastal Lagoon." Journal of Marine Biology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/281206.

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While gradual allometric changes of shells are intrinsically driven by genotype, morphometrical shifts can also be modulated by local environmental conditions. Consequently the common use of a unique dimension (usually length) to assess bivalves’ growth may mask phenotypic differences in valve shape among populations. A morphometric exhaustive study was conducted on Manila clam,Ruditapes philippinarum, by acquiring data in the French Arcachon Bay (intrasite phenotypic variability) and by comparing with other sites in the literature (intersite phenotypic variability). 2070 shells were subsample

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21

Prezant, Robert S. "Shell and hinge ontogeny of the Antarctic bivalve Lissarca notorcadensis." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70, no. 4 (1990): 841–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400059105.

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Lissarca notorcadensis, a small pallial-brooding mollusc with a circum-Antarctic distribution, is frequently found attached by stout byssal threads to the spines of sea urchins. Here, complete ontogenetic series can be found. Using standard, structural definitions, the prodissoconch I of L. notorcadensis is small compared to the large prodissoconch II, a feature atypical of brooded young and possibly reflective of a planktotrophic past. Fine commarginal striae are found on prodissoconch II of this subtidal clam, which also possesses more pronounced commarginal striae on the dissoconch prior to

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22

Smirnova, T. N., and E. A. Zhegallo. "The First Finds of Representatives of the Order Acrotretida Kuhn from the Frasnian (Upper Devonian) Deposits of Komi Respublic." Палеонтологический журнал, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 65–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0031031x23020137.

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The structure and microstructure of the shell substance Acrotretella sp. on the protegulum, brephic and adult shell. The structure of the secondary layer, represented by interlayers with columnar-lamellar and spherulite structures, is characteristic. Wrinkles are developed along the edges of the shell.

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23

RUGA, MIKAELA R., DAVID L. MEYER, and JOHN WARREN HUNTLEY. "CONCH FRITTERS THROUGH TIME: HUMAN PREDATION AND POPULATION DEMOGRAPHICS OF LOBATUS GIGAS ON SAN SALVADOR ISLAND, THE BAHAMAS." PALAIOS 34, no. 8 (2019): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2018.054.

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ABSTRACT Lobatus gigas, the queen conch, is a central component of Caribbean cuisine but over-fishing of juveniles has threatened the stability of wild populations. Strombid gastropods, upon reaching sexual maturity, cease growing along the shell length axis and continue growing in width via a flared and thickened shell lip. This morphology serves as a useful indicator of an individual's sexual maturity. Here we examine temporal trends in population demographics, size, and morphology of harvested L. gigas individuals over the last ∼1 ky from San Salvador Island, the Bahamas to quantify the dyn

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24

Saley, Alisha M., Aaron T. Ninokawa, Abigail Doan, and Brian Gaylord. "Mussel periostracum protects against shell dissolution." PLOS One 20, no. 7 (2025): e0327170. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0327170.

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Reductions to seawater pH challenge the shell integrity of marine calcifiers. Many molluscs have an external organic layer (the periostracum) that limits exposure of underlying shell to the outside environment, which could potentially help combat shell dissolution under corrosive seawater conditions. We tested this hypothesis in adult California mussels, Mytilus californianus. We quantified shell dissolution rates as a function of periostracum cover across three levels of reduced pH (7.7, 7.5, and 7.4 on the total scale). Since periostracum can also be eroded over time, we additionally conduct

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25

Brimer, Crystal M., Edward Roberts, Daniel Hockett, Craig C. Freudenrich, and Ann LeFurgey. "Microscopy and microanalysis of calcification in the developing and adult barnacle." Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America 53 (August 13, 1995): 700–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0424820100139871.

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The barnacle begins its development in its first larval stage, the naupilus, and matures to the larval cyprid stage. Permanent attachment of the barnacle occurs between the cyprid and juvenile stages. Soon after, calcification takes place and the shells of the barnacle grow upward. The application of secondary electron imaging (SEI) and electron probe microanalysis (EPXMA) has defined the time course of calcification and shell growth in the barnacle. Freeze-dried cryosections of the larval cyprid stage can also be employed for localization of calcium at the cellular level with scanning transmi

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26

Holyoak, David T., and Geraldine A. Holyoak. "A taxonomic review of Cecilioides (Gastropoda: Ferussaciidae) in continental Portugal." Iberus 33(1) (March 5, 2015): 27–43. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4586217.

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The number of <em>Cecilioides </em>species recognised from mainland Portugal has ranged from one to seven over the past 115 years, with successive authors mostly giving little or no justification for the treatment adopted. The present study is based mainly on 40 samples collected from 2001-2014, 22 of them from the Algarve. Immatures show marked interspecific differences in development of the apertural teeth (lamellae) whereas the teeth are much reduced or lacking in mature shells. Shell characters are therefore redescribed based on both immature and mature individuals as a basis for revising

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27

ZVONAREVA, Sofia S., Yury V. DEART, Fedor LISCHENKO, H. T. Yen DINH, T. Tu Nguyen, and Elena MEKHOVA. "Shell shape variation of the symbiotic gastropod Phenacovolva rosea in Vietnam." Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 34, no. 3 (2024): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2024.34(3).1.

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This study investigates the shell variability of Phenacovolva rosea, a symbiotic gastropod inhabiting octocorals, in relation to geographical location and host coral species. We analyzed shells from 53 adult specimens collected at three locations in the north of Vietnam and one in the vicinities of Nha Trang City (southern Vietnam). To describe the shells' outlines, elliptical Fourier descriptors were applied. Based on the shell outline data, principal component analysis was performed. Additionally, height and width of P. rosea shells were measured. Only the first two principal components were

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28

Halim, Chandra, Muhammad Fadli, Dicki Darmawan, Dwinta Nurul Fadillah Bintang, and Farhan Rahmadani. "Organeleptic Test for Fortified Packaging Milk by Utilizing Calcium from Egg Shell Waste." NSMRJ: Nusantara Scientific Medical Research Journal 1, no. 1 (2022): 37–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.58549/nsmrj.v1i1.21.

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In terms of national needs, the necessity for eggs reached 4,742,240 tons employing massive impact on the production of egg shell waste. Nevertheless, packaging milk released in the market contains low calcium and unsatisfies the nutritional needs of adult calcium, namely 1000 mg/day. Therefore, it is necessary to add waste of calcium-rich egg shells so the nutritional needs of calcium can be fulfilled and reduces the egg shell waste at the same time. The research method used is combination of experimental methods, interviews, and literature study. The data is analyzed by using descriptive sta

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29

Belanger, Scott E., Donald S. Cherry, and John Cairns Jr. "Uptake of Chrysotile Asbestos Fibers Alters Growth and Reproduction of Asiatic Clams." Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences 43, no. 1 (1986): 43–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/f86-006.

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The effects of chrysotile asbestos on siphoning activity, shell and tissue growth, fiber uptake, and gill ultrastructure in adult Asiatic clams (Corbicula sp.) and on larval release and mortality patterns from reproductively active adults were evaluated in 96-h to 30-d experiments at 0–108 fibers/L. Adult siphoning activity was significantly (α = 0.05) depressed in 96-h asbestos exposures when no food was offered or after 30 d when food was available. Shell growth was significantly inhibited in accordance with reduced siphoning. Corbicula exposed to 108 fibers/L accumulated 69.1 fibers/mg dry

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30

Yarra, Tejaswi, Kirti Ramesh, Mark Blaxter, Anne Hüning, Frank Melzner, and Melody S. Clark. "Transcriptomic analysis of shell repair and biomineralization in the blue mussel, Mytilus edulis." BMC Genomics 22, no. 1 (2021): 437. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12864-021-07751-7.

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<strong>Background: </strong>Biomineralization by molluscs involves regulated deposition of calcium carbonate crystals within a protein framework to produce complex biocomposite structures. Effective biomineralization is a key trait for aquaculture, and animal resilience under future climate change. While many enzymes and structural proteins have been identified from the shell and in mantle tissue, understanding biomieralization is impeded by a lack of fundamental knowledge of the genes and pathways involved. In adult bivalves, shells are secreted by the mantle tissue during growth, maintenanc

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31

Hoare, K., and J. Davenport. "Size-related variation in the sensitivity of the mussel, Mytilus edulis, to copper." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 74, no. 4 (1994): 971–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400090214.

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Juvenile mussels (Mytilus edulis, Mollusca: Bivalvia) were subjected to a simple assay to investigate the pattern and timing of the shift from high copper resistance of the veliger larva to the lower resistance of the adult. The level of resistance found in veligers persists in mussels of 1 mm shell length (400 ppb Cu; LT50, 12.5 d) while the lower adult level of resistance is reached at a shell length of 5 mm (400 ppb Cu; LT50 2.8–5.3 d). Resistance declines gradually, being significantly correlated with shell length (P<0.02) such that size differences explain 88% of the variation in coppe

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32

Gural-Sverlova, N. V., and R. I. Gural. "Two Introduced Cepaea Species (Gastropoda, Helicidae) in Ternopil, Western Ukraine, and Specifics of Their Phenotypic Composition." zoodiversity 57, no. 6 (2023): 507–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/zoo2023.06.507.

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The shell colour and banding polymorphism of Cepaea was studied at 6 sites of Ternopil. Cepaea hortensis was found at all sites, its cohabitation with C. nemoralis was recorded in three cases. Phenotypes were determined in 1166 adult snails or empty shells with well-preserved colouration (830 C. hortensis, 336 C. nemoralis). It was found that part of the areas in Ternopil, as well as in the neighbouring Lviv Region, is inhabited by descendants of the primary introduction of C. hortensis to Western Ukraine with reduced variability in the shell colouration and only with a light body. At four stu

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33

Rondelaud, Daniel, Philippe Vignoles, and Gilles Dreyfuss. "Interactions between Anisus spirorbis (Planorbidae) and Galba truncatula (Lymnaeidae) in snail communities on sedimentary soils." International Journal of Limnology 61 (2025): 7. https://doi.org/10.1051/limn/2025006.

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Field investigations were carried out in mid-April for two years in road ditches located in the department of Indre (central France) to determine whether there was competition between Anisus spirorbis and Galba truncatula in habitats where the two species live together. Compared to control populations, the number of A. spirorbis living in a community was 70 per cent lower in 2023 and 59 per cent lower in 2024, while the density of G. truncatula showed no significant variation. Shell diameter (A. spirorbis) or shell height (G. truncatula) did not differ significantly between community and contr

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34

Manríquez, Patricio H., Sergio A. Navarrete, Armando Rosson, and Juan Carlos Castilla. "Settlement of the gastropod Concholepas concholepas on shells of conspecific adults." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 84, no. 3 (2004): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315404009695h.

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Competent larvae of the commercially important marine gastropod Concholepas concholepas (Gastropoda: Muricidae) ‘loco’, were collected in the field and exposed in the laboratory to adult conspecific shells with and without barnacle epibionts. Settlement and metamorphosis was induced by the presence of barnacles on shells of live or dead conspecifics, but not by C. concholepas shells without barnacles. Results from laboratory experiments agreed well with field surveys showing the presence of recruits on conspecific shells overgrown with barnacles in shallow subtidal habitats (∼3–30 m deep), sug

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35

Khan, Mohammad Sadequr Rahman, Sabikun Nahar, Pranta Bhowmik, Mohammad Najmul Hasan, and Harun Or Rashid. "The survival and growth of adult and juvenile hard clam Meretrix meretrix exposed to variable estuarine salinities in aquarium settings." Research in Agriculture Livestock and Fisheries 11, no. 2 (2024): 239–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ralf.v11i2.76071.

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Salinity fluctuations in estuaries can significantly impact marine organisms, leading to economic losses through mass mortalities of commercially important species. The effects of varying estuarine salinities on the survival, daily mortality, and growth of adult and juvenile hard clam Meretrix meretrix under controlled aquarium conditions were investigated. Adults (shell length ~45 mm) and juveniles (shell length ~30 mm) were collected from an 18 ppt estuarine habitat in Chowfaldondi, southeast Bangladesh, and exposed to six salinity levels (10, 15, 20, 25, 30, and 35 ppt) with three replicati

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36

Novianti, Fatimah, Felicia Zahida, Wibowo Nugroho Jati, and Ayu Savitri Nurinsiyah. "Study Of The Morphological and Anatomical Character Of The Genus Cyclophorus (Gastropoda: Cyclophoridae) in Indonesia and Their Phenetic Relationships." Jurnal Moluska Indonesia 7, no. 1 (2023): 1–16. https://doi.org/10.54115/jmi.v7i1.69.

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Cyclophorus is one of the genera in terrestrial gastropods that inhabits forest floor, leaf litter, rocks, and decayed wood. This research aims to determine the morphological and anatomical characters of the genus Cyclophorus in Indonesia and its phenetic relationship. Descriptive method was applied by conducting observation of shell, operculum, as well as anatomical characters. Cluster analysis in Rstudio was conducted to analyze the morphological data and to see its phenetics relationship. Based on 214 shell and 21 genitalia, 12 Cyclophorus species and subspecies stored in the Museum Zoologi

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37

Leonov, Sergei V. "On the reliability of the Balea perversa (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) findings in the Crimea." Ruthenica, Russian Malacological Journal 33, no. 3 (2023): 115–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.35885/ruthenica.2023.33(3).3.

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This study examines and provides illustrations of the diagnostic shell characteristics of juvenile and adult of Crimean clausiliids Balea perversa. The study demonstrates that the distinctive sculpture and shape of the shells make it possible to accurately differentiate Balea perversa. Additionally, the study includes information on previous references in the literature and recent findings of Balea perversa in the Crimea region, including a discovery on the Southern Demerdzhi Yayla in 2002. The study confirms the reliability of at least the last finding.

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38

Ofuya Thomas Inomisan and Adler Cornel Sebastian. "Lethality of single, binary and ternary combinations of rice husk ash, groundnut pod shell ash and Eugenia aromatica Baill powder to adults of Callosobruchus species attacking stored grain legumes." GSC Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences 19, no. 2 (2022): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/gscbps.2022.19.2.0197.

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The study investigated the lethality of powders made from rice husk ash, dry flower buds of Eugenia aromatica (L.) Baill. and groundnut pod shell ash, to adults of Callosobruchus maculatus Fabricius and C. chinensis Linnaeus at 25 ° C and 65% relative humidity. The powders were tested singly, and in binary, and ternary combinations at the dosages of 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 g/10 g of grain in glass Petri dishes. The powder combinations were mixed in equal proportions. There was a control involving no powder. Adult mortality of 20 individuals was observed 24, 48 and 72 h post treatment. Data analysis

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39

PIZÁ, JULIA, and NÉSTOR J. CAZZANIGA. "Redescription, shell variability and geographic distribution of Plagiodontes dentatus (Wood, 1828) (Gastropoda: Orthalicidae: Odontostominae) from Uruguay and Argentina." Zootaxa 154, no. 1 (2003): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.154.1.1.

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Plagiodontes dentatus (Wood, 1828) is the type species of a South American genus including eight named species that show a high degree of local endemism. Due to some misidentifications with P. multiplicatus (Doering, 1874) and P. daedaleus (Deshayes, 1851), P. dentatus has been cited as inhabiting two disjunct areas with quite different ecological conditions. In this paper the identity of this morphospecies is clarified through a study of shell sculpture and apertural teeth data, and a comparison with the smaller adult specimens (<25 mm long) of its closest species, P. patagonicus (d’Orbign

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40

Chaban, E. M., and I. O. Nekhaev. "Age variability in the shell of Scaphander punctostriatus (Mighels et C.B. Adams, 1842) (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia: Cephalaspidea) as revealed by specimens from the Russian part of the Barents Sea." Zoosystematica Rossica 22, no. 2 (2013): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31610/zsr/2013.22.2.165.

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The shell sculpture and morphology of the radula and gizzard plates of juvenile specimens of Scaphander punctostriatus from the Russian part of the Barents Sea is described for the first time and compared with those of adult specimens; the shell morphology is discussed and illustrated for the first time.

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41

Strano, Giorgio. "A Study on Olive Shells – 3: Juvenile or Adult? Prejudices, Evidence, a New Growth Model and Taxonomic Consequences." Festivus 49, no. 3 (2017): 210–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.54173/f493210.

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The cross-sections of several Oliva mustelina Lamarck, 1811, demonstrate that the presently accepted growth model for Olive shells needs profound revision. In fact, the cross-sections reveal peculiar hidden “rest-structures” which are formed on a yearly basis. The growth curve of O. mustelina can be determined by angular measurements of the rest-structures and statistical methods. The age of any single specimen — above all, if it is a juvenile, a sub-adult or a full adult — can be estimated by this growth curve combined with other external features of the shell. The taxonomic consequences of t

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42

O'Day, Sharyn Jones, and William F. Keegan. "Expedient Shell Tools from the Northern West Indies." Latin American Antiquity 12, no. 3 (2001): 274–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/971633.

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Our work in the Bahamas, Turks and Caicos, Haiti, and Jamaica has revealed significant patterning in apparently unretouched molluscan shell objects. In the present paper we conclude that repetitive patterns in shell breakage, especially of queen conch (Strombus gigas), reflect the specific manufacture of forms for use as expedient tools. Expedient tools exhibit only primary modification in which a portion of the source material is removed and shaped, but there is no specific evidence for the preparation of a work edge. Alternatively, expedient tools may display no modification of the raw mater

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43

PERRY, RICHARD, and WALLACE ARTHUR. "Environmental effects on adult shell size in Cepaea hortensis." Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 43, no. 4 (1991): 273–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1095-8312.1991.tb00599.x.

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44

Aizpurúa, Ilean Isel Isaza, and Patricia A. McAnany. "ADORNMENT AND IDENTITY." Ancient Mesoamerica 10, no. 1 (1999): 117–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095653619910107x.

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Excavations in Formative and Early Classic contexts at the Maya site of K'axob have produced a sample of 2,568 worked-shell ornaments crafted from both marine and freshwater species. Predominantly shell beads, the sample also includes unique pendants, figurines, and tinklers. A high frequency of unfinished beads in Middle Formative and early Late Formative midden contexts provides strong evidence of localized shell working and trading connections with the Caribbean. Personal adornment crafted from shell is an important item in many burials, including those of children. The most lavish disposal

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45

Chueachat, Premwadee, Woraporn Tarangkoon, and Suwat Tanyaros. "A comparative study on the nursery culture of hatchery-reared sub-adult cupped oyster, Crassostrea iredalei (Faustino, 1932), in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal." Fisheries & Aquatic Life 26, no. 4 (2018): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aopf-2018-0024.

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Abstract A comparative study on the nursery culture of the spat of the tropical oyster, Crassostrea iredalei, in an earthen pond and a mangrove canal was conducted over two months. The results revealed no differences in the absolute growth rate determined by shell width between the two culture sites (P < 0.05). Sub-adult oysters cultured in the mangrove canal showed a higher absolute growth rate in shell length and a higher daily growth rate than the oysters cultured in the earthen pond (P < 0.05). The mean survival rate of sub-adult oysters cultured in the earthen pond (99.8 ± 0.2%) was

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46

Laurin, Bernard, and Fernando García-Joral. "Miniaturization and heterochrony in Homoeorhynchia meridionalis and H. cynocephala (Brachiopoda, Rhynchonellidae) from the Jurassic of the Iberian Range, Spain." Paleobiology 16, no. 1 (1990): 62–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0094837300009738.

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The miniaturization of shells, often observed in Mesozoic brachiopods, is analyzed in two species of the well-known genus Homoeorhynchia. We investigated shell development in the context of recent works that consider growth as a function of size, shape, and age. The miniaturization results from heterochronic disturbances during development. Although these shells exhibit a large morphological plasticity, architectural constraints limit their morphogenesis, so that small adult specimens are not exactly reduced replicas of large ones. Adult morphology depends largely on the pattern of rib formati

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47

McMahon, Teagan, Diana Thatcher, Branwen Williams, et al. "Contrasting responses of commercially important Northwest Atlantic bivalve species to ocean acidification and temperature conditions." PLOS Climate 3, no. 11 (2024): e0000509. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000509.

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Modern calcifying marine organisms face numerous environmental stressors, including overfishing, deoxygenation, increasing ocean temperatures, and ocean acidification (OA). Coastal marine settings are predicted to become warmer and more acidic in coming decades, heightening the risks of extreme events such as marine heat waves. Given these threats, it is important to understand the vulnerabilities of marine organisms that construct their shells from calcium carbonate, which are particularly susceptible to warming and decreasing pH levels. To investigate the response of four commercially releva

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48

ZONNEVELD, JOHN-PAUL, and WILLIAM S. BARTELS. "THE OCCURRENCE OF BONE MODIFICATION FEATURES IN THE CARAPACE AND PLASTRON OF THE EXTANT RED-EARED SLIDER TRACHEMYS SCRIPTA ELEGANS (WIED-NEUWIED, 1839): IMPLICATIONS FOR PALEOECOLOGICAL ANALYSES OF FOSSIL TURTLE ASSEMBLAGES." PALAIOS 37, no. 9 (2022): 499–519. http://dx.doi.org/10.2110/palo.2022.018.

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Abstract The carapace and plastron bones of fossil turtles are often characterized by bone modification features such as pits, grooves, and holes. The significance, origin, and frequency of these features remains unclear because they have not been described from the bones of modern turtles. Taxon-specific description and analyses of defleshed turtle shell is essential for assessing the paleoecological significance of bone modification features. This study focuses on bone modification features on carapace and plastron bones of the emydid turtle Trachemys scripta elegans. Four subadult and 14 ad

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Peel, Joanne R., and María Del Carmen Mandujano. "Impact of minimum catch size on the population viability of Strombus gigas (Mesogastropoda: Strombidae) in Quintana Roo, Mexico." Revista de Biología Tropical 62, no. 4 (2014): 1343. http://dx.doi.org/10.15517/rbt.v62i4.13389.

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<p class="Standard"><span lang="EN-US">The queen conch <em>Strombus gigas</em> represents one of the most important fishery resources of the Caribbean but heavy fishing pressure has led to the depletion of stocks throughout the region, causing the inclusion of this species into CITES Appendix II and IUCN’s Red-List. In Mexico, the queen conch is managed through a minimum fishing size of 200mm shell length and a </span><span lang="EN-US">fishing quota which usually represents 50% of the adult biomass. The objectives of this study were to determine the intrins

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50

Torchov N. A., Evstigneev M. P., Mosunov A. A., and Buchelnikova V. A. "Human buccal epithelial cell envelope reactions to external micromechanical stimuli." Technical Physics Letters 48, no. 7 (2022): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.21883/tpl.2022.07.54026.19165.

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The reaction of the shell of an adult living cell of human buccal epithelium to an external micromechanical stimulus was studied. The dependence of the magnitude of the reaction on the level of passive or active stimulation, namely, the level of force exposure, was established. It is shown that the cell can exhibit both active and passive reactions to an external micromechanical stimulus, as well as control the level of exposure to adhesive forces. Keywords: human buccal epithelium cell, shell, micromechanical stimulus, shell elasticity, AFM force spectroscopy.

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