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Статті в журналах з теми "African americans – employment – history"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 25 липня 2024

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Ethridge, Glacia, Angel Riddick Dowden, and Michael Brooks. "The Impact of Disability and Type of Crime on Employment Outcomes of African American and Latino Offenders." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 48, no. 4 (2017): 46–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0047-2220.48.4.46.

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Individuals with criminal histories who struggle to gain employment may choose to turn to illegal activity or seek state and federal program assistance to support themselves and their families. African Americans and Hispanic/Latinos with disabilities and criminal histories experience barriers (i.e., disability, criminal history, and race/ethnicity) that often prevent them from obtaining or maintaining competitive integrated employment. The purpose of this article was to examine the extant literature pertinent to disability and criminal history as employment obstacles among African American and

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2

Sneed, Rodlescia. "The Health and Well-Being of African-American Older Adults With a History of Incarceration." Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (2020): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1633.

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Abstract African-Americans are overrepresented in the criminal justice system. Longer prison stays and release programs for older prisoners may result in an increased number of community-dwelling older adults with a history of incarceration. In recent years, there has been a substantial increase in research on health-related outcomes for currently incarcerated older adults; however, there has been little inquiry into outcomes for formerly incarcerated African-American older adults following community re-entry. In this study, we used secondary data from the Health and Retirement Study to descri

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3

Felker-Kantor, Max. "“A Pledge Is Not Self-Enforcing”:." Pacific Historical Review 82, no. 1 (2012): 63–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/phr.2013.82.1.63.

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This article explores African American and Mexican American struggles for equal employment in Los Angeles after 1965. It argues that activists and workers used the mechanisms set up by Title VII of the 1964 Civil Rights Act to attack the barriers that restricted blacks and Mexican Americans to poor job prospects. It shows that implementation of fair employment law was part of a dialectic between policymakers and regulatory officials, on one hand, and grass-roots individuals and civil rights organizations, on the other. The bureaucratic mechanisms created by Title VII shaped who would benefit f

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4

Wilson, Steven H. "Brownover “Other White”: Mexican Americans' Legal Arguments and Litigation Strategy in School Desegregation Lawsuits." Law and History Review 21, no. 1 (2003): 145–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3595071.

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The landmark 1954 decisionBrown v. Board of Educationhas shaped trial lawyers' approaches to litigating civil rights claims and law professors' approaches to teaching the law's powers and limitations. The court-ordered desegregation of the nation's schools, moreover, inspired subsequent lawsuits by African Americans aimed variously at ending racial distinctions in housing, employment, and voting rights. Litigation to enforce theBrowndecision and similar mandates brought slow but steady progress and inspired members of various other minorities to appropriate the rhetoric, organizing methods, an

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5

Katz, Michael B., Mark J. Stern, and Jamie J. Fader. "The Mexican Immigration Debate." Social Science History 31, no. 2 (2007): 157–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200013717.

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This article uses census microdata to address key issues in the Mexican immigration debate. First, we find striking parallels in the experiences of older and newer immigrant groups with substantial progress among second- and subsequent-generation immigrants from southern and eastern Europe and Mexican Americans. Second, we contradict a view of immigrant history that contends that early–twentieth–century immigrants from southern and eastern Europe found well–paying jobs in manufacturing that facilitated their ascent into the middle class. Both first and second generations remained predominantly

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6

de Sánchez, Sieglinde Lim. "Crafting a Delta Chinese Community: Education and Acculturation in Twentieth-Century Southern Baptist Mission Schools." History of Education Quarterly 43, no. 1 (2003): 74–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2003.tb00115.x.

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During Reconstruction between one-fourth and one-third of the southern African-American work force emigrated to northern and southern urban areas. This phenomenon confirmed the fears of Delta cotton planters about the transition from slave to wage labor. Following a labor convention in Memphis, Tennessee, during the summer of 1869, one proposed alternative to the emerging employment crisis was to introduce Chinese immigrant labor, following the example of countries in the Caribbean and Latin America during the mid nineteenth century. Cotton plantation owners initially hoped that Chinese “cooli

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7

Jackson, M. Njeri, Michelle A. Meade, Phyllis Ellenbogen, and Kirsten Barrett. "Perspectives on networking, cultural values, and skills among African American men with Spinal Cord Injury: A reconsideration of social capital theory." Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation 25, no. 1 (2006): 21–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jvr-2006-00339.

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Unemployment among African Americans with SCI poses a serious challenge to successful recovery and community reintegration. Recent research and public discourse about documented racial disparities in employment following injury is often laden with assumptions about the absence of "social capital," including networks of support, appropriate skills, work ethic or viable work history profile. Such assumptions inform social policy aimed at assisting the unemployed, including African Americans with SCI and are embedded in explanations for reducing the role of government or the "state" in addressing

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8

CAMPBELL, JAMES. "AFRICAN AMERICANS AND PAROLE IN DEPRESSION-ERA NEW YORK." Historical Journal 54, no. 4 (2011): 1065–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x11000392.

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ABSTRACTIn the first half of the twentieth century, parole in the Deep South of the United States was part of a nexus of penal mechanisms providing white employers with a pliant black labour force. By contrast, in New York, which was at the forefront of innovations in parole policy, there was a surprising interracial consensus among white parole administrators and politicians, civil rights activists, and black prisoners themselves that the African American community was integral to parole administration and success. This article explores why different constituencies supported this consensus th

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9

Broussard, Albert S. "Still Searching: A Black Family’s Quest for Equality and Recognition during the Gilded Age and Progressive Era." Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 22, no. 1 (2023): 3–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781422000536.

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AbstractHistorians have correctly interpreted the Gilded Age and Progressive Era as periods in which African Americans faced unpreceded violence, a significant decline in franchise, and the loss of many civil rights. These years however, were far more complex when viewed from the vantage point of African American families who attempted to empower themselves through education, securing employment in white-collar occupations, such as teaching, and working to advance themselves through race betterment groups, including women’s clubs and civil rights organizations. Yet some middle-class Black fami

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10

Bobo, Lawrence D. "Somewhere between Jim Crow & Post-Racialism: Reflections on the Racial Divide in America Today." Daedalus 140, no. 2 (2011): 11–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00091.

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In 1965, when Dædalus published two issues on “The Negro American,” civil rights in the United States had experienced a series of triumphs and setbacks. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Voting Rights Act of 1965 extended basic citizenship rights to African Americans, and there was hope for further positive change. Yet 1965 also saw violent confrontations in Selma, Alabama, and the Watts neighborhood of Los Angeles that were fueled by racial tensions. Against this backdrop of progress and retreat, the contributors to the Dædalus volumes of the mid-1960s considered how socioeconomic factors

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11

O'Brien, Lauren. "¡Venceremos! Harambee!: A Black & Puerto Rican Union?" New Jersey Studies: An Interdisciplinary Journal 4, no. 1 (2018): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.14713/njs.v4i1.106.

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In November of 1969, 2,700 members of Newark’s African American and Puerto Rican community assembled at the Black and Puerto Rican Political Convention to mobilize and strategize a plan to gain socio-political power. Unified through their discrimination in housing, employment, and police brutality, Newark’s communities of color resolved that the election of the city’s first Black mayor would provide a solution to many of their problems. Accordingly, the election of Kenneth Gibson validated the communities’ unified efforts and symbolized one of the most successful multiracial coalitions in Newa

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12

Roediger, David. "What if Labor Were Not White and Male? Recentering Working-Class History and Reconstructing Debate on the Unions and Race." International Labor and Working-Class History 51 (April 1997): 72–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s014754790000199x.

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During World War Two Alexander Saxton, the great historian of race and class, was a young activist working in the railroad industry. In a lengthy article for theDaily Workerhe caught the complexity of racial discrimination among railway unions. The brotherhoods which organized railroad labor inculded several unions which had historically established the worst records of attempting to enforce what one commentator called the “Nordic closed shop” in their crafts. By the time Saxton wrote, however, the railwayunions had joined in campaigns against the poll tax and against lynching. What they avoid

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13

Banks, Nina. "Retrospectives: Sadie T.M. Alexander: Black Women and a “Taste of Freedom in the Economic World”." Journal of Economic Perspectives 36, no. 4 (2022): 205–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.36.4.205.

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The employment history of African American women is notable because of their higher labor force participation rates compared to other women in the US. This essay discusses Sadie T.M. Alexander’s analysis of Black women and work based on her 1930s speeches and writings. Alexander assessed Black women workers’ contribution to Black American living standards and national output. A proponent of women’s gainful employment and economic independence, Alexander’s views on the benefits of industrial employment for women and family life stood in stark contrast to White social welfare reformers who disco

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14

Straus, Emily E. "Unequal Pieces of a Shrinking Pie: The Struggle between African Americans and Latinos over Education, Employment, and Empowerment in Compton, California." History of Education Quarterly 49, no. 4 (2009): 507–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2009.00227.x.

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Just days after the start of the 1994-1995 school year, almost a quarter of the student body at McKinley Elementary School in Compton, California did not show up for class. Latino organizers had asked parents to keep their children out of school to protest what they perceived as school administrators' inadequate response to Latino educational needs. Parents of approximately one hundred of the school's 431 students heeded the call. Although one out of four was only slighdy above the daily absentee rate for a normal school day, the nature of these absences forced district administrators to take

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15

Chen, Anthony S., Robert W. Mickey, and Robert P. Van Houweling. "Explaining the Contemporary Alignment of Race and Party: Evidence from California's 1946 Ballot Initiative on Fair Employment." Studies in American Political Development 22, no. 2 (2008): 204–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0898588x08000084.

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Why do most African Americans and other racial liberals vote Democratic, whereas most racial conservatives—largely whites—vote Republican? To what extent is this alignment of race and party attributable to the strategic choice of GOP elites to take the party in a racially conservative direction during the mid-1960s? This paper exploits a little-known ballot initiative in postwar California to shed light on the question. Proposition 11, as it was known, would have outlawed discrimination in employment if it had passed. Instead, it failed by more than a two-to-one margin. Drawing on archival and

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16

Seneadza, Nana Ayegua Hagan, Awewura Kwara, Michael Lauzardo, et al. "Assessing risk factors for latent and active tuberculosis among persons living with HIV in Florida: A comparison of self-reports and medical records." PLOS ONE 17, no. 8 (2022): e0271917. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271917.

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Purpose This study examined factors associated with TB among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in Florida and the agreement between self-reported and medically documented history of tuberculosis (TB) in assessing the risk factors. Methods Self-reported and medically documented data of 655 PLWH in Florida were analyzed. Data on sociodemographic factors such as age, race/ethnicity, place of birth, current marital status, education, employment, homelessness in the past year and ‘ever been jailed’ and behavioural factors such as excessive alcohol use, marijuana, injection drug use (IDU), substance an

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17

Schneider, Firedrich. "Estimation of Informal Economy: Figures for Developed and Underdeveloped Countries Around the World." Revista de Economía Mundial, no. 60 (April 4, 2022): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i60.5631.

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This paper estimates the size of the value added of the informal economy for 157 countries over 1991 to 2017 with the help of the MIMIC-method. The results show that OECD countries have by far the smallest informal economies, with sizes below 20 percent of official GDP. Moreover, informal economies are larger in Latin American and sub-Saharan African countries, averaging almost 38 and 39 percent of GDP, respectively. The average informal-economy size over all 157 countries and over 1991–2017 is 30.9 percent. The average decline in informal-economy size from 1991 to 2017 is a remarkable 6.8 per

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18

Schneider, Firedrich. "Estimation of Informal Economy: Figures for Developed and Underdeveloped Countries Around the World." Revista de Economía Mundial, no. 60 (April 4, 2022): 41–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.33776/rem.v0i60.5631.

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This paper estimates the size of the value added of the informal economy for 157 countries over 1991 to 2017 with the help of the MIMIC-method. The results show that OECD countries have by far the smallest informal economies, with sizes below 20 percent of official GDP. Moreover, informal economies are larger in Latin American and sub-Saharan African countries, averaging almost 38 and 39 percent of GDP, respectively. The average informal-economy size over all 157 countries and over 1991–2017 is 30.9 percent. The average decline in informal-economy size from 1991 to 2017 is a remarkable 6.8 per

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19

Murray, John E., and Werner Troesken. "The African-American Labor Supply after Reconstruction: Added Worker Effects in Urban Families." Journal of Interdisciplinary History 44, no. 2 (2013): 181–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jinh_a_00536.

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Econometric analysis of a hitherto unused 1896 survey of African-American families in American cities, mostly located in the South, reveals the classic added worker effect: Longer intervals of husbands' unemployment—not counting work missed on account of illness—led to a greater share of wives taking paid employment outside the home. The analysis also shows that household structure and composition, as well as the health of husbands, influenced the decision of wives to enter the labor force. The data and analysis provide some of first econometric evidence about the labor-force decisions of urba

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20

Cohen, Eric, and Gerald J. Stahler. "Life histories of crack-using African-American homeless men: salient themes." Contemporary Drug Problems 25, no. 2 (1998): 373–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145099802500206.

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In-depth life history interviews with 31 African-American male crack-cocaine users in Philadelphia were conducted as part of a demonstration project on homeless substance-abuse programs. Topics analyzed include the informants’ extensive experience of early life disruptions, childhood trauma and interpersonal violence; the importance of street gang life and violence while growing up; the transitory and unstable nature of the men's employment histories; the development of their careers of drug use and dealing; the involvement of drinking and drugs in the transition to homelessness; and their vie

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21

Weinman, Maxine L., Ruth S. Buzi, and Peggy B. Smith. "Ethnicity as a Factor in Reproductive Health Care Utilization Among Males Attending Family Planning Clinics." American Journal of Men's Health 5, no. 3 (2010): 216–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1557988310373944.

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Health care utilization of reproductive health care services among males is an emerging issue. This study examined ethnicity as a factor in reproductive health care utilization among 1,606 African American and Hispanic young males attending family planning clinics. Seventy percent were African American and 30% were Hispanic. Across groups, the most received service was treatment for a sexually transmitted infection (STI). African American males were more likely than Hispanic males to have health insurance, report a prior visit to a family planning/STI clinic, and have a history of an STI. Hisp

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22

Mahaffey, Carlos C., Danelle Stevens-Watkins, and Carl Leukefeld. "Life After: Examining the Relationship Between Sociobehavioral Factors and Mental Health Among African American Ex-Offenders." International Journal of Offender Therapy and Comparative Criminology 62, no. 12 (2018): 3873–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0306624x17750327.

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Mental health problems are 3 times higher among prisoners than the general population. After release, reentry barriers and other factors can exacerbate mental problems. This study of 250 African American ex-offenders examines the relationship between sociobehavioral factors and mental health. Independent variables included self-reported health, alcohol use, employment, and history of mental problems before prison. Covariates included the number of immediate family with mental problems and the number of serious conflicts with family members or friends. Analyses revealed that men who had serious

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23

Xu, Mia Ann, Jasmin Choi, Ariadna Capasso, and Ralph DiClemente. "Association of Trauma History with Current Psychosocial Health Outcomes of Young African American Women." Youth 4, no. 1 (2024): 316–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/youth4010022.

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African American women have a higher likelihood of experiencing lifetime trauma compared to other racial/ethnic groups. Trauma exposure may be associated with higher substance misuse and greater adverse sexual and mental health outcomes. This study expands upon previous empirical findings to characterize the effect of trauma history on substance use, sexual health, and mental health among young African American women. This study included 560 African American women aged 18–24 years in Atlanta, Georgia. Trauma history was defined as having ever experienced a traumatic event based on the Traumati

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24

Fultz, Michael. "The Displacement of Black Educators Post-Brown: An Overview and Analysis." History of Education Quarterly 44, no. 1 (2004): 11–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-5959.2004.tb00144.x.

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In 1951 three brief commentaries in the Journal of Negro Education drew public attention to the potentially tenuous job security of African-American educators in the South, Black professionals whose employment status was being called into question as southern educational institutions faced the prospect of desegregation. The specific incident which occasioned these commentaries was a December 1950 vote by the Board of Trustees of the University of Louisville to close the segregated, all-Black Louisville Municipal College, which it had administered since that college was founded in 1931, and to

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25

Kossoudji, Sherrie A., and Laura J. Dresser. "Working Class Rosies: Women Industrial Workers during World War II." Journal of Economic History 52, no. 2 (1992): 431–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700010846.

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After joining the industrial workforce during World War II, women disappeared from industrial employment with postwar reconversion. This article uses data from Ford Motor Company employee records to describe female industrial workers, their work histories before Ford, and their exit patterns from Ford. We draw a more complete picture of these industrial workers and discuss the differences between those who chose to leave Ford and those who left involuntarily. Contrary to popular myth it was housewives, along with African-American and older women, those with the fewest outside opportunities, wh

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26

Burton, Cassandra, Aisha Cozad, and Katherine Bridges. "WHAT PANDEMIC RECOVERY WILL LOOK LIKE FOR OLDER, MULTICULTURAL WORKERS." Innovation in Aging 6, Supplement_1 (2022): 256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igac059.1016.

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Abstract AARP has a long history of being an advocate for marginalized and vulnerable adults. AARP staff will discuss policy needs and what the post pandemic workplaces needs to ensure that older LGBTQ people can thrive in the workplace with dignity and respect. The 2021 AARP’s Vital Voices research will be used to showcase the economic impact the pandemic has had on older adults, African American communities, Hispanic/Latino communities, Asian Pacific Islander communities and LGBTQ communities. AARP staff will discuss strategies and tactics needed to ensure that opportunities for economic rec

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27

Gorovoy, Suzanne, and Michael Grandner. "0610 Mouth Taping, Nighttime Exercises, Acupuncture and More: Who Seeks out Solutions to Stop Snoring?" SLEEP 47, Supplement_1 (2024): A260. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsae067.0610.

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Abstract Introduction Snoring affects roughly 90 million Americans. Although snoring may indicate a serious health condition such as obstructive sleep apnea, most people attempt to manage snoring using alternative over-the-counter strategies. The present study examined the use patterns of alternative strategies across sociodemographic factors. Methods Data were obtained from households in the USA, UK, and Australia that had attempted to stop snoring using alternative strategies (N=4,346). Variables of interest included age, sex, race/ethnicity, country, employment, urban environment, and prior

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Harris, Kelly M., Taniya Varughese, Anna Bauer, et al. "The Relationship between Mental Health, Educational Attainment, Employment Outcomes, and Pain in Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 419. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-129874.

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Sickle cell disease (SCD) is the most common genetic condition in the world and disproportionately affects African Americans in families with lower household incomes. SCD is characterized by a variety of complications including episodes of severe pain, chronic anemia, and end-organ damage. Morbidity from SCD begins in infancy and increases in frequency and severity with age. Complications during childhood and adolescence, both critical learning periods for youth, substantially impact educational attainment and life outcomes. SCD-related hospitalizations are associated with social determinants

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Thomas, Alvin, Jennifer Clare Wirth, Julie Poehlmann-Tynan, and David J. Pate. "“When She Says Daddy”: Black Fathers’ Recidivism following Reentry from Jail." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 6 (2022): 3518. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063518.

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We report on the findings of a mixed methods longitudinal study of 84 African American fathers of young children who were enrolled into the study during the father’s jail stay. Participants were assessed using interviews, self-report measures, and administrative records on frequency of father–child contact, father–caregiver relationship quality, family support, paternal pre-incarceration employment, fathers’ plans to live with the child upon reentry, history of substance abuse, and new convictions one year following release from jail. Qualitative analysis revealed three primary identities of f

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Bartlett-Prescott, Jennifer D., Lisa M. Klesges, and Stephen B. Kritchevsky. "Health Promotion Referrals in an Urban Clinic: Removing Financial Barriers Influences Physician but Not Patient Behavior." American Journal of Health Promotion 19, no. 5 (2005): 376–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4278/0890-1171-19.5.376.

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Purpose. This study describes the prevalence and characteristics of physician health promotion referrals and patient adherence to referrals in a community-based primary care clinic and associated wellness facility. The role of reimbursement for attendance to the wellness facility was specifically examined. Design. Retrospective cohort study. Setting. The Church Health Center of Memphis, Tennessee: a low-income urban clinic and its affiliated wellness center. Subjects. Patients were primarily African-American, lower-income, urban residents of Shelby County, Tennessee. Measures. All study data c

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Agrawal, Pooja, Tzuan A. Chen, Lorna H. McNeill, et al. "Factors Associated with Breast Cancer Screening Adherence among Church-Going African American Women." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 16 (2021): 8494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18168494.

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Relative to White women, African American/Black women are at an increased risk of breast cancer mortality. Early detection of breast cancer through mammography screening can mitigate mortality risks; however, screening rates are not ideal. Consequently, there is a need to better understand factors associated with adherence to breast cancer screening guidelines to inform interventions to increase mammography use, particularly for groups at elevated mortality risk. This study used the Andersen Behavioral Model of Health Services Use to examine factors associated with adherence to National Compre

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Sumarsono, Irwan, Perwi Darmajanti, Chatarini Septi Ngudi Lestari, et al. "Racial and Gender Discrimination Reflected in Theodore Melfi’s Hidden Figures." World Journal of English Language 13, no. 5 (2023): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/wjel.v13n5p67.

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The United States of America has a long history of discrimination based on race and gender. People were divided according to their race, religion, and skin tone. Both black males and their white partners discriminated against African American women. The application of Jim Crow Laws worsened their situation. Both individual and institutional discrimination had to be endured by them. Uncovering the racial and gender inequality faced by African American women is one of the themes explored in Theodore Melfi's Hidden Figure. The study's goals were to look at the fight for equality as a response to

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Hardesty, Jared Ross. "Disappearing from Abolitionism's Heartland: The Legacy of Slavery and Emancipation in Boston." International Review of Social History 65, S28 (2020): 145–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020859020000176.

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AbstractThis article examines why Boston's slave and free black population consisted of more than 1,500 people in 1750, but by 1790 Boston was home to only 766 people of African descent. This disappearing act, where the town's black population declined by at least fifty per cent between 1763 and 1790, can only be explained by exploring slavery, abolition, and their legacies in Boston. Slaves were vital to the town's economy, filling skilled positions and providing labor for numerous industries. Using the skills acquired to challenge their enslavement, Afro-Bostonians found freedom during the A

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Dunning, Claire. "New Careers for the Poor: Human Services and the Post-Industrial City." Journal of Urban History 44, no. 4 (2017): 669–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0096144217726975.

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In the 1960s, a new and popular theory of “new careers” proposed to address urban poverty and deindustrialization by growing the human services sector and hiring so-called nonprofessional workers to aid the delivery of those services. This strategy gained traction in social scientific, philanthropic, and bureaucratic circles and shaped Great Society legislation, which allocated federal grants to create entry-level jobs and professionalizing career ladders in the fields of health, education, and welfare. The implementation of this strategy had consequences for the human service organizations th

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Beebe-Dimmer, Jennifer Lynn, Terrance Lynn Albrecht, Julie J. Ruterbusch, et al. "The Detroit Research on Cancer Survivors (ROCS) study: A focus on outcomes after cancer in a racially diverse patient population." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 7_suppl (2018): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.7_suppl.177.

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177 Background: Although we continue to make progress in reducing the incidence and mortality for most cancers in the United States, African Americans (AA) continue to experience higher cancer incidence rates and have worse survival than other populations. The causes of these poorer outcomes, from higher mortality to poorer quality of life, in AA cancer survivors are not well understood. The Detroit ROCS study was initiated to improve our understanding of the experience of AAs living with cancer. Methods: 1,000 AA and non-Hispanic white (NHW) patients with primary lung, female breast, prostate

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Edem, Ekpo Ene. "Lexical Choices and Artistic Vision in Selected Poems of Paul Laurence Dunbar and Langston Hughes." NDỤÑỌDE : Calabar Journal of The Humanities 13, no. 1 (2018): 278–91. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467915.

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Abstract This article investigates the lexical choices and artistic vision of two African American poets, Paul Laurence Dunbar and Langston Hughes. The two poets are representatives of two eras in the history of African American literature. Dunbar represents the reconstruction era while Langston Hughes represents the Renaissance era. The article aims at revealing how the lexical choices made by the two poets in the articulation of their creative concerns are predicated upon their artistic visions. The justification of this study lies in the fact that the employment of a particular language cho

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Khodyakov, Dmitry, Mienah Zulfacar Sharif, Felica Jones, et al. "Whole Person Care in Underresourced Communities: Stakeholder Priorities at Long-Term Follow-Up in Community Partners in Care." Ethnicity & Disease 28, Supp (2018): 371–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.18865/ed.28.s2.371.

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Objective: Depressed individuals may require help from different agencies to address health and social needs, but how such coordination occurs in under-resourced communities is poorly understood. This study sought to identify priorities of Latino and African American depressed clients, explore whether service providers understand client priorities, and describe how providers address them.Methods: Between October 2014 and February 2015, we interviewed 104 clients stratified by depression history and 50 representatives of different programs in health and social community agencies who participa

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Lofstrom, Magnus, and Timothy Bates. "African Americans’ pursuit of self-employment." Small Business Economics 40, no. 1 (2011): 73–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11187-011-9347-2.

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Pratt, Kathleen P., Devi Gunasekera, Pooja Vir, et al. "Neutralizing and Non-Neutralizing Anti-FVIII Antibodies in Black and White Hemophilia A Subjects: A Natural History Profile." Blood 134, Supplement_1 (2019): 1131. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2019-124743.

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The most common complication in hemophilia A (HA) treatment, affecting 25-30% of severe HA patients, is the development of alloimmune inhibitors that foreclose the ability of infused factor VIII (FVIII) to participate in coagulation. Inhibitors confer significant pathology on affected individuals and present major complexities in their management. Inhibitors are more common in African American patients, and it has been hypothesized that this is a consequence of haplotype (H)-treatment product mismatch. F8 gene haplotypes H1-H5 are defined by combinations of nonsynonymous SNPs encoding FVIII se

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Zhang, Yuyan. "The Origin of the Fair Employment Practice Commission." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 47 (February 19, 2025): 27–34. https://doi.org/10.54097/225yb636.

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Since the end of the Civil War, African Americans, although freed from the oppression of slavery and granted the status of freedmen, have never gained full civil rights due to widespread racial segregation. In their pursuit of a better life and better-paying jobs, many African Americans seized the opportunity of World War I to begin the Great Migration, which contributed to the rise of Black political and economic power. During the New Deal era and the early years of World War II, they faced intolerable employment discrimination and racial segregation. Additionally, there was a stark contradic

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Forsberg Jr., Clyde. "Esotericism and the “Coded Word” in Mormonism." International Journal for the Study of New Religions 2, no. 1 (2011): 29–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1558/ijsnr.v2i1.29.

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In the history of American popular religion, the Latter-day Saints, or Mormons, have undergone a series of paradigmatic shifts in order to join the Christian mainstream, abandoning such controversial core doctrines and institutions as polygamy and the political kingdom of God. Mormon historians have played an important role in this metamorphosis, employing a version (if not perversion) of the Church-Sect Dichotomy to change the past in order to control the future, arguing, in effect, that founder Joseph Smith Jr’s erstwhile magical beliefs and practices gave way to a more “mature” and bible-ba

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Ford, Andria L., Melanie E. Fields, Kristin P. Guilliams, et al. "Increased Volume and Distinct Pattern of Silent Cerebral Infarcts in Healthy, Young Adults with Sickle Cell Trait." Blood 130, Suppl_1 (2017): 757. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v130.suppl_1.757.757.

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Abstract Background: Sickle cell trait (SCT) is common, affecting 7-8% of African Americans. Previously thought to be of little clinical consequence except under conditions of severe hypoxic/metabolic stress, recent studies have shown that SCT is independently associated with chronic vascular diseases including kidney disease, coronary artery disease, overt stroke, and pulmonary embolism. It has been postulated that SCT underlies the increased prevalence of cerebrovascular disease in African-Americans after adjusting for excess risk factors. Prospective imaging studies evaluating the natural h

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Logan, John R., Richard D. Alba, and Brian J. Stults. "Enclaves and Entrepreneurs: Assessing the Payoff for Immigrants and Minorities." International Migration Review 37, no. 2 (2003): 344–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-7379.2003.tb00141.x.

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Self-employment and work in sectors with high concentrations of owners and workers of the same ethnicity have been identified as potential routes of economic success for immigrants. This study uses 1990 census data to assess the effects of self-employment, ethnic employment, and their interaction on the odds of being at work, on number of hours worked, and on earnings of individual members of several representative groups. These groups include Cubans in Miami; African Americans, Puerto Ricans, Koreans, Chinese and Dominicans in New York; and African Americans, Koreans, Chinese, Mexicans and Sa

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Herring, Cedric. "Is Job Discrimination Dead?" Contexts 1, no. 2 (2002): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/ctx.2002.1.2.13.

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Political and legal debate in recent years has focused on whether discrimination in favor of African Americans is justified. What receives less attention is that employment discrimination against African Americans, though illegal, is still alive and well in America.

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Shotwell, Trent. "Book Review: History of African Americans: Exploring Diverse Roots." Reference & User Services Quarterly 58, no. 4 (2019): 265. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.58.4.7164.

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History of African Americans: Exploring Diverse Roots by Thomas J. Davis chronicles the remarkable past of African Americans from the earliest arrival of their ancestors to the election of President Barack Obama. This work was produced to recognize every triumph and tragedy that separates African Americans as a group from others in America. By distinguishing the rich and unique history of African Americans, History of African Americans: Exploring Diverse Roots provides an account of inspiration, courage, and progress. Each chapter details a significant piece of African American history, and th

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Jensen, Leif. "Employment Hardship and Rural Minorities: Theory, Research, and Policy." Review of Black Political Economy 22, no. 4 (1994): 125–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02689983.

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Rural racial and ethnic minorities are among the poorest of all Americans. This article situates their plight both theoretically and empirically in the context of employment hardship. Defined by access to employment and job quality, employment hardship is more prevalent among nonmetropolitan African Americans, Hispanics, and Native Americans than it is among either their central city counterparts or non-Hispanic whites. The strengths and limitations of both individual-level frameworks (e.g., human capital) and macro-level theories (e.g., uneven development) in explaining the economic double je

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Ervin, Emma, Barbara Poppe, Amanda Onwuka, et al. "Characteristics Associated with Homeless Pregnant Women in Columbus, Ohio." Maternal and Child Health Journal 26, no. 2 (2021): 351–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03227-y.

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Abstract Introduction The effects of homelessness on pregnant women are substantial. We aim to identify key characteristics of a group of women identified as homeless and pregnant in order to understand their history of housing, family composition, health, and demographics as a first step for future intervention. Methods We present cross-sectional survey data on a sample of 100 women reporting homelessness and pregnancy in the prior year in Columbus, Ohio, identified through social service and housing not for profit agencies. Our analysis uses data collected from a survey of health behaviors,

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Field, Joshua J., Borna Mehrad, Marie Burdick, et al. "Higher Levels of Circulating Fibrocytes Are Associated with Lower Oxygen Saturation in Adults with Sickle Cell Disease." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 2710. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.2710.2710.

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Abstract Background: In patients with sickle cell disease (SCD), tissue injury due to vaso-occlusion can result in fibrosis and organ dysfunction. Fibrocytes are circulating bone marrow-derived cells that can home to damaged organs, differentiate into fibroblasts and myofibroblasts and contribute to scarring. Fibrocytes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis in several animal models, including a mouse model of SCD. A preliminary study of patients with SCD suggests that the concentration of circulating fibrocytes is increased compared to controls. To build upon these fin

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Ong, Paul M., and Janette R. Lawrence. "Race and Employment Dislocation in California's Aerospace Industry." Review of Black Political Economy 23, no. 3 (1995): 91–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02689993.

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This article finds that African American and Latino workers have borne a disproportionate share of employment costs associated with defense cuts in California's aerospace industry. The data for this analysis come from administrative files, which contain demographic and employment-related information for everyone who collects unemployment-insurance benefits. The analysis shows that African Americans suffered higher displacement rates, longer unemployment spells, and poorer outcomes in new jobs than whites. Latinos were disadvantaged in several ways, but not consistently in all categories. Asian

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Ward-Sutton, Courtney, Natalie F. Williams, Corey L. Moore, and Edward O. Manyibe. "Assistive Technology Access and Usage Barriers Among African Americans With Disabilities: A Review of the Literature and Policy." Journal of Applied Rehabilitation Counseling 51, no. 2 (2020): 115–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/jarc-d-19-00011.

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The purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive overview of the available peer-reviewed and gray literature on assistive technology (AT) access and usage barriers among African Americans with disabilities. Authors completed a historical review (Onwuegbuzie & Frels, 2016) of the extant literature on AT and disability public policy mandates by framing the context on AT access and usage disparities among African Americans with disabilities and discussing AT impacts on employment for African Americans. The authors also presented recommendations that might be considered by the field

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