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Дисертації з теми "Airflow in street canyons"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 13 квітня 2024

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1

Glover, N. "Investigating the impact of trees on airflow within street canyons through the use of CFD and field measurements." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2015. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1472912/.

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The local wind climate within the urban environment plays a key role in the removal of heat and pollutants from pedestrian occupied areas as well as having an impact on pedestrian comfort and safety. One component of the urban landscape which is often neglected in the consideration of airflow is tree planting which can constitute a major component of the built environment. The aim of this research was therefore to gain a greater understanding into the effect of tree planting on airflow within street canyons and investigate the use of CFD modelling in predicting such effects. This aim was accom

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2

Maison, Alice. "Modélisation des impacts des arbres sur la qualité de l’air de l’échelle de la rue à la ville." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ENPC0034.

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Les arbres apportent de nombreux services écosystémiques en ville, ils permettent de diminuer certaines conséquences de l’urbanisation comme l’îlot de chaleur urbain et le ruissellement de l’eau. Leur effet thermo-radiatif améliore le confort thermique. Les arbres peuvent également impacter la qualité de l’air en ville via différents processus. Le dépôt de polluants gazeux et particulaires sur les feuilles des arbres peut contribuer à la diminution des concentrations. Cependant, l’effet aérodynamique des arbres modifie l’écoulement dans les rues canyons et limite la dispersion des polluants ém

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3

Huang, Pong-Lai. "Modelling of air quality in street canyons /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?AMCE%202003%20HUANG.

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4

Yunkai, Yang. "Numerical study on flow and pollutant dispersion inside street canyons." Licentiate thesis, KTH, Installationsteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-118327.

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This thesis analyzes the characteristics of flow pattern and vehicle-emitted pollutant dispersion in roughness surface layer. In an urban environment, wind flow and transported-pollutant source interfere strongly with buildings and other roughness elements on the surface ground, which results in complex characteristics of flow pattern and pollutant dispersion in 3D circumstances. The present study intends to simplify the research domain and investigate the fundamental modeling problems that exist in the field. The current physical research topic is restricted to 2D street canyon in equilibrium

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5

Stachitas, Tucker Flagg. "Evaluation of 3-D radiant heat transfer in street canyons." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0041302.

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6

Wong, Ching-chi, and 黃精治. "Flow and pollutant dispersion over idealized urban street canyons using large-eddy simulation." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/206698.

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Flows and pollutant dispersion over flat rural terrain have been investigated for decades. However, our understanding of their behaviours over urban areas is rather limited. Most cases have either focused on street level or in the roughness sub-layer (RSL) of urban boundary layer (UBL). Whereas, only a handful of studies have looked into the coupling between street-level and UBL-core dynamics, and their effects on pollutant dispersion. In this thesis, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is employed to examine the flows and pollutant transport in and over urban roughness. Idealised two-dimens

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7

Hall, Terianne C. "Predicting velocities and turbulent exchange in isolated street canyons and at a neighborhood scale." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/61867.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, 2010.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 127-130).<br>Urban planners need a fast, simple model to assess the impact of early design phase iterations of neighborhood layout on the microclimate. Specifically, this model should be able to predict the expected urban heat island intensity and the locations in neighborhood layouts that are prone to pollutant retention. Current models are inadequate for this purpose because they use computationally intensive techniqu

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8

Barbano, Francesco <1991&gt. "Characterization of turbulent exchange processes in real urban street canyons with and without vegetation." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2020. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9452/1/barbano_francesco_tesi.pdf.

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Recent studies on turbulent exchange processes between the urban canopy layer and the atmosphere above have focused primarily on mechanical effects and less so on thermal ones, mostly by means of laboratory and numerical investigations and rarely in the real environment. More recently, these studies have been adopted to investigate city breathability, urban comfort and citizen health, with the aim to find new mitigation or adaptation solutions to air pollution and urban heat island, to enhance the citizen wellness. To investigate the small-scale processes characterizing vegetative and non-vege

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9

Rusticali, Valeria. "Confronto tra distribuzioni dimensionali di particelle misurate in due street canyons della città di Bologna." Bachelor's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/16780/.

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Il particolato atmosferico è uno degli inquinanti atmosferici principali in quanto esercita effetti importanti su clima, tempo meteorologico, visibilità, salute umana, ambiente e beni culturali. Nonostante i numerosi studi, la conoscenza dei processi fisici che lo governano risulta ancora limitata. L'obiettivo della presente tesi è stato quello di analizzare le distribuzioni dimensionali di particelle di aerosol raccolte tramite due contatori ottici di particelle nel periodo Gennaio-Febbraio 2018 in due diverse aree urbane (street canyons) di Bologna, al fine di confrontarne l'andamento tempor

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10

Polito, Martina. "Mean flow and turbulent exchange characteristics in real urban street canyons: the Lazzaretto case study." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2019.

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Анотація:

In the context of the European iSCAPE project (Improving the Smart Control of Air Pollution in Europe) an experiment was set up in order to test photocatalytic coatings effectiveness in reducing the concentration of pollutants. Further analysis on various aspects of the urban environment have been possible thanks to the experiment. The measurements collected during the experimental field campaign have been used to study the differences in the atmospheric phenomena due to the different morphology of two street canyons. Data in time periods characterized by non-synoptic conditions have bee

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11

Leung, Ka-kit Pieta, and 梁家杰. "On the study of ventilation and pollutant removal over idealized two-dimensional urban street canyons." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B48521863.

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Анотація:

In the last century, there has been a rapid growth and development in economy and modern technology around the world. This phenomenon helped improving wealth and living standard but also brought pollutions to the society and the environment. Among various kinds of pollution, air pollution takes a larger proportion. Therefore, there is increasing concern about the ventilation and pollution removal behavior in the urban environment. Among different academic studies performed, the use of computational fluid dynamics (CFD) had become more popular. Since wind tunnel experiments serve as validat

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12

Hassan, Abdel Galiel A. "Computer modelling of the dispersion of air pollutants associated with vehicle emissions in street canyons." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.688238.

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13

Chung, Nga-hang, and 鍾雅行. "Large-eddy simulation of transport of inert and chemically reactive pollutants over 2D idealized street canyons." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B47849903.

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Анотація:

In view of the worsening air quality in the world, more concerns are focused on the environment. This thesis uses the technique of CFD and develops the computer model to investigate the wind and pollutant transport, as well as the chemistry of reactive pollutants in idealized two-dimensional (2D) street canyons. Three scientific questions are raised in this thesis. The first task is to find out the po- sition with the most favorable pollutant removal along the ground level over 2D idealized street canyon of different building-height-to-street-width (aspect) ratios (ARs). The di- mensio

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14

Mumovic, Dejan. "3-D numerical modelling of dispersion of air pollutants in a complex configuration of street canyons." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.404618.

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15

Smith, James O. "Determination of the convective heat transfer coefficients from the surfaces of buildings within urban street canyons." Thesis, University of Bath, 2010. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.518100.

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Анотація:

In the summer of 2007, the number of people living in the world’s urban areas exceeded that of those living in the countryside. Such urbanisation tends to modify the climates of towns and cities as a result of a number of factors which together form the ‘urban heat island’ effect. In order to better design buildings and urban areas to cope with these effects, it is first necessary to understand the heat transfer mechanisms which are taking place. The aim of the current research has therefore been to provide convective heat transfer data appropriate for low-rise urban environments by investigat

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16

Cheng, Wai-chi, and 鄭偉智. "Wind and pollutant removal of urban street canyons under different thermal stratification by RANS and LES models." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2010. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46289653.

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17

Longley, Ian. "High resolution measurements of turbulent transport of particulate matter in the urban street canyons in Manchester, UK." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.607148.

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Анотація:

High resolution measurements of aerosol concentrations and fluxes have been made in an urban street canyon with busy traffic in the city centre of Manchester, UK. Measurements of aerosol concentrations have been made in 150 size bins covering the range 4.6 nm < Dp < 32 μm. Vertical turbulent fluxes have been measured in the size range 0.1 J.Lm< Dp < 3 μm using the eddy covariance technique. By placing the instruments on a platform lift, some information about vertical profiles has been gained. These measurements have been supplemented by measurements of flow and turbulence using up to four ult

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18

Li, Xianxiang, and 李顯祥. "Large-eddy simulation of wind flow and air pollutant transport inside urban street canyons of different aspect ratios." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2008. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B40687326.

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19

Li, Xianxiang. "Large-eddy simulation of wind flow and air pollutant transport inside urban street canyons of different aspect ratios." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2008. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B40687326.

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20

Carrasco, Hernandez Roberto. "Calculation of patterns of solar radiation within urban geometries." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/calculation-of-patterns-of-solar-radiation-within-urban-geometries(5ac30e2c-0713-4217-8680-a2035d982710).html.

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The present work proposes methods to calculate street-level exposures to solar radiation. The methods comprise a combination of different software algorithms, online databases and real-time standard measurements of solar radiation. Firstly, the use of the free access image database “Google Street View” to reconstruct urban geometries is illustrated. Google Street View represents an enormous source of information readily available for its general use in the field of urban atmospheric studies. With the aid of existing software packages, it was possible to reconstruct urban geometries as projecte

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21

Boddy, John William Douglas. "The influence of meteorology, urban topography and traffic on the variability in concentrations of a traffic-related pollutant in urban street canyons." Thesis, University of Leeds, 2005. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/173/.

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A comprehensive study into the spatial and temporal variations in concentrations of a traffic-related pollutant was undertaken in two urban street canyons located in York, U. K. During the field experiment, investigations were carried out in order to determine the influence of meteorology, urban topography and traffic on the measured concentrations of a traffic-related pollutant. The pollutant measured in this study was carbon monoxide (CO). Results are presented from simultaneous and continuous measurements of the background (or reference) wind speed and direction, the in-canyon wind and turb

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22

Olofsson, Linus. "Mass conservative network model for convective net flow in a complex urban geometry." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för fysik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-123270.

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Анотація:

When simulating air flows in an urban environment, for e.g. pollutant dispersion investigations, today's main tool is advanced computational fluid dynamics simulations. These simulations take a lot of time and resources to perform, even for small geometries. In some situations, one would like to be able to run approximate simulations, possibly with large geometries, without such a significant investment. The model described in this thesis is a graph network model which have streets and intersections of an urban environment modeled as connections and nodes in a graph. The model uses a pressured

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23

Chung, Sen-Jyh, and 莊森智. "Air Pollution Transport In Street Canyons." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/98648461423225392414.

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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>水資源及環境工程所<br>83<br>The transport of air pollutants in a street canyon is simul- ated for different atmospherical stabilities, traffic conditions and street caynon geometry. The simulation domain includes the atmospheric boundary layer which cover both sub- urban and urban areas. The simulation tool is a finite element method based CFD package:FIDAP. The results of the numerical calculations shows that a sing- le vortex is maintained within a canyons.A second vortex appears

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24

Lai, Chien-Chang, and 賴建璋. "Simulation of Turbulent Flow in Zigzag street canyons." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27617678830411662506.

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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>水資源及環境工程學系<br>86<br>This research uses Finite Analytic Method to simulate "Street Canyons" formed by city buildings and streets in atmospheric boundary layer. Because Street Canyons are complex structures on the Earth's surface, they may produce different kinds of nonuniform flow field.This thesis first compares the flow field variations in both laminar flow and turbulent flow under different height-width ratios. The laminar flow fields were solved from Navie-Stokes motion eq

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25

Lai, Jian-Zhang, and 賴建璋. "Simulation of Turbulent Flow in Zigzag street canyons." Thesis, 1998. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/03778315047889668392.

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26

Lu, Cheng-Chung, and 呂政忠. "Buoyant Effect to The Pollutants Transport in Street Canyons." Thesis, 1996. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29043348645998535450.

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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>水資源及環境工程學系<br>84<br>Carbon monoxide distribution in street canyons under various geometry''s,atmospheric stability, temperature gradient induced buoyant effect and trafficload were simulated. We intend to use the simulation results to evaluatepedestrian pollutant exposure and to provide external conditions forevaluating indoor air quality of the buildings beside urban street. In thisstudy, we consider several factors those may affect the pollutant distribution

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27

Lin, Chin-Hsien, and 林金賢. "Model of Air Pollutants transportion in street canyons with different height arrangement." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02799651922614512627.

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碩士<br>淡江大學<br>水資源及環境工程學系<br>92<br>Air pollution in big city areas resulting from exhaust emissions is a major urban problem. Often traffic pollution excess controls air pollution management decisions. The pollutants emitted from motor vehicles have direct impact on human health, especially on the drivers, bicyclists, motorcyclists, pedestrians, people working nearby and vehicle passengers in urban street canyon with high-rise buildings in most large cities. This study presents ventilation behavior in different height of street canyon configurations. To evaluate dispersion in a mod

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28

PO-CHUN, WANG, and 王柏鈞. "Studying the Influence of the Arcade Space on the Microclimateof Urban Street Canyons." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4zu5eg.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班<br>104<br>Arcade is a partly open comfortable space for people to take shelter from the wind, rain and sunlight in a highly urbanized environment. Accompanying with the urban renewal incentives proposed by domestic country and municipal governments, those buildings having arcade spaces were increasingly replaced by the design concept of "setback of architectures", leading to gradual disappearance of unique Taiwan street culture. Above all, there are no studies conducted to probe the influences of arcade buildings on the microclimates. This research aims to condu

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29

Awasthi, Seema. "Physical modeling and numerical simulation study of line source dispersion in urban street canyons." Thesis, 2006. http://localhost:8080/xmlui/handle/12345678/2987.

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30

Lee, Ying-Chen, and 李映辰. "A Numerical Study of the Temperature Reduction by Water Spray Systems within Urban Street Canyons." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/8j96zk.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣大學<br>生物環境系統工程學研究所<br>105<br>Urban heat islands rapidly increase energy demand for air conditioning. To reduce the energy demand for cooling the environment, some possible solutions have been studied and applied. Among these methods, the water spray system is considered most effective and flexible with its dynamic controls. To simulate the cooling effect of water spray system, numerical simulation with Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) is used. This simulation was validated with water channel and wind tunnel experiments. The goal of this study is to simulate the cooling effect in th

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31

Chen, Yu-Shan, and 陳佑姍. "Wind Tunnel Study on the Dispersion Characteristics of Elevated Point Source Discharging in Different Street Canyons." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/24236547465568802284.

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32

Chen, Yi-Pin, and 陳奕賓. "Studying the Influences of Arcade Space on Improvement of Microclimate and Mitigation of Air Pollution in Urban Street Canyons." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/nhr44b.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>能源與冷凍空調工程系碩士班<br>106<br>The development of high-density urban street canyons toward dense high-rise buildings causes the decline of ventilation rate and pollutant accumulation resulting from the breezeless state in the downtown area. Lately, the corridor concept has been extensively proposed during the layout, design and construction processes of city buildings. Corridors are arranged to align with the prevailing wind for bringing the wind into cities, and therefore to disperse the outdoor air pollution and promote the indoor air circulation. This study implements the environ

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33

林信漢. "Wind Tunnel Study on the Dipersion Characteristics of the Airborne Pollution on the Triangles Terrain with Different Slope Angles and Street Canyons." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/52266670203516883676.

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碩士<br>國立臺灣海洋大學<br>河海工程學系<br>101<br>In the present thesis, wind tunnel experiments were conducted to study the dispersion characteristics of the airborne pollution on the triangle terrain with different slope angles and various distances between the terrain and street canyons. In the experiments, the airborne pollution source was located at the toe of the downwind slope of terrain. The triangle terrain with equal upwind and downwind slope which were 15∘and 30∘. Building heights in the street were the same with terrain model height. The height denoted by H. The vortex generators and roughness el

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徐秉鴻. "Studying the Influences of Pedestrian Bridge Design on Outdoor and Indoor Microclimate Environments over Street Canyons and Passage Space in a Dense High-Rise Buildings." Thesis, 2019. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/g92e8k.

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碩士<br>國立臺北科技大學<br>能源與冷凍空調工程系<br>107<br>Pedestrian bridges are designed to separate pedestrians from vehicles on the road to improve traffic and pedestrian safety. However, the presence of pedestrian bridges may deteriorate the microclimates in street canyons. The development of high-density urban street canyons toward dense high-rise buildings causes the decline of ventilation rate, heat island effect and pollutant accumulation resulting from the breezeless state in the downtown area. Based on the local microclimate and urban conditions, this study applies the computational fluid dynamics (CFD

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