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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Airsapce"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 1 квітня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Airsapce"

RAIDAL, SR, PL SHEARER, R. BUTLER, and D. MONKS. "Airsac cystadenocarcinomas in cockatoos." Australian Veterinary Journal 84, no. 6 (June 2006): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.2006.tb12803.x.

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Boggs, D., F. Jenkins, and K. Dial. "The effects of the wingbeat cycle on respiration in black-billed magpies (Pica pica)." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 9 (January 1, 1997): 1403–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.9.1403.

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Анотація:

Interclavicular and posterior thoracic airsac pressures, tracheal airflows and pectoralis muscle activity were recorded simultaneously to determine the effect of the wingbeat cycle upon the function of the respiratory system. The effects of the wingbeat cycle on the relative positions of thoraco-abdominal skeletal structures were also assessed using high-speed X-ray cinematography of magpies Pica pica flying in a windtunnel. We found that the furcula bends laterally on the downstroke and recoils medially on the upstroke, as previously described for starlings, and that the coraco-sternal joint (the most consistently visible point on the sternum for digitization) is displaced dorsally during the downstroke and ventrally, with respect to the vertebral column, during the upstroke. In magpies, there are generally three wingbeat cycles during a respiratory cycle. When downstroke occurs during inspiration, its compressive effect reduces the inspiratory subatmospheric airsac pressure by an average of 92 % (0.35 kPa), whereas when upstroke occurs during expiration its expansive effect can reduce the expiratory supra-atmospheric airsac pressure by 63 % (0.23 kPa). Corresponding changes occur in tracheal airflow. Changes in respiratory parameters during short flights with respect to resting values include a doubling of tidal volume and a tripling of respiratory frequency. We conclude that the wingbeat cycle can have a substantial impact on respiratory system function in the flying magpie, and that this represents a mechanical basis for breathing patterns and patterns of phasic coordination between wingbeat and respiratory cycles that may result in minimal interference and maximal assistance from the wingbeat upon the respiratory cycle.

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Boggs, D., J. Seveyka, D. Kilgore, and K. Dial. "Coordination of respiratory cycles with wingbeat cycles in the black-billed magpie (Pica pica)." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 9 (January 1, 1997): 1413–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.9.1413.

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Magpies fly with a variable pattern of wingstroke, including high-amplitude rapid flaps and low-amplitude slower flaps with interspersed brief glides. This allowed us to test the hypothesis that if phasic coordination between respiratory and wingbeat cycles is important mechanically and energetically, then, as a bird changes its wingbeat cycle, its respiratory cycle should change with it. We also tested the strength of the drive to coordinate respiratory to locomotor cycles by stimulating breathing with 5 % CO2 during flight. We found that magpies (N=5) do shorten their breath cycle time when they shorten their wingbeat cycle time and prolong their breath cycle time when they glide. When the coordination ratio of wingbeat cycles to breaths is 3:1, the pattern of phasic coordination ensures two upstrokes per inspiration and two downstrokes per expiration. Upstroke tends to coincide with the transition into inspiration or with early inspiration and late inspiration. Downstroke tends to coincide with the transition into expiration or with early expiration and late expiration. When magpies switch from a 3:1 ratio to a 2:1 ratio of wingbeat cycles to breaths, they shorten inspiratory time to ensure that upstroke occurs through most of inspiration and downstroke corresponds to the transition into expiration. These phasic coordination patterns ensure that the compression of the airsacs during downstroke can provide a net assistance to expiration and that the expansion of the airsacs with upstroke can provide a net assistance to inspiration. The failure of an atmosphere containing 5 % CO2 to disrupt these phasic coordination patterns between respiratory and locomotory cycles suggests that there may be a potent mechanical and energetic benefit to such coordination.

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Wei, Chong, Whitlow Au, Zhongchang Song, and Yu Zhang. "Enhance beam formation by airsacs and skull in Chinese river dolphin (Lipotes vexillifer)." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 135, no. 4 (April 2014): 2266. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.4877427.

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Forrest, T. G., M. P. Read, H. E. Farris, and R. R. Hoy. "A tympanal hearing organ in scarab beetles." Journal of Experimental Biology 200, no. 3 (February 1, 1997): 601–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.200.3.601.

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We describe the paired hearing organ of the scarab beetle Euetheola humilis. The auditory structures of the beetle are typical of other insect ears in that they have a thinned tympanic membrane backed by a tracheal airsac with associated chordotonal sensory structures. The tympanic membranes of the beetle are part of its cervical membrane and are located behind the head, where the cervix attaches dorsally and laterally to the pronotum. Each membrane is approximately 3 microns thick. The chordotonal sensory organ, which lies within the tracheal airsac, contains 3-8 scolopidia that attach by accessory cells directly to the tympanic membrane. Neurophysiological recordings from the neck connective of the beetle revealed that the auditory system is sensitive to frequencies between 20 and 80 kHz and has a minimum threshold of approximately 58 dB at 45 kHz. The neurophysiological audiogram is identical to the behavioral audiogram for a head roll, one behavioral component of the beetle's startle response elicited by ultrasound. Blocking experiments show that the membranous structures on the cervix are indeed the hearing organs. Neurophysiologically determined thresholds increased by more than 35 dB when drops of water covered the tympanic membranes and were essentially restored to the control level when the water was later removed. At least three other genera of Dynastinae scarabs have similar tympanum-like structures located in their cervical membranes. Behavioral and neurophysiological data show that the frequency tuning of species in two of these genera, Cyclocephala and Dyscinetus, is nearly identical to that of E. humilis. Our discovery represents only the second group of beetles known to respond to airborne sounds. However, the hearing organs of these scarab beetles differ in structure and placement from those of the tiger beetles, and thus they represent an independent evolution of auditory organs in the Coleoptera.

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BRACKENBURY, JOHN, and JANE AMAKU. "Effects of Combined Abdominal and Thoracic Airsac Occlusion on Respiration in Domestic Fowl." Journal of Experimental Biology 152, no. 1 (September 1, 1990): 93–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.152.1.93.

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Ventilation and respiratory and blood gas tensions were monitored at rest and during running exercise, following bilateral occlusion of the cranial and caudal thoracic and the abdominal air sacs. This represents a removal of approximately 70% of the total air-sac capacity. At rest, the birds were strongly hypoxaemic/hypercapnaemic. Ventilation was maintained at its control value but respiratory frequency was significantly increased and tidal volume diminished. The birds were capable of sustained running at approximately three times the pre-exercise metabolic rate. Minute ventilation during exercise was the same as that of the controls, but breathing was faster and shallower. Exercise had no effect on blood gas tensions in either the control or the experimental birds. There was no evidence of a detrimental effect of air-sac occlusion on the effectiveness of inspiratory airflow valving in the lung: hypoxaemia appeared to be due to the altered respiratory pattern, which resulted in increased dead-space inhalation.

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MOOMIVAND, H., SA POURBAKHSH, and M. JAMSHIDIAN. "Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran." Journal of the Hellenic Veterinary Medical Society 68, no. 4 (March 5, 2018): 647. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/jhvms.16069.

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In ostriches, mycoplasmas are generally associated with respiratory diseases and causes rhino-tracheitis, airsacculitis and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of current study was the isolation and identification of pathogenic mycoplasmas in ostrich farms of Iran by the use of PCR and culture methods. In this study, mycoplasmas were isolated from ostrich slaughterhouse; 114 samples were collected from ostriches with respiratory signs and were cultured and PCR methods along with alignment were used to detect the mycoplasmas. For this purpose lung, trachea and air sacs were evaluated. The results indicated that 21.05% of samples were positive in PCR assayand from them 7.89% and 14% was M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, respectively. The highest rate of M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae was detected in lung, airsacs and trachea. Alignment analysis demonstrated that the M. gallisepticum strains detected in our study have 97% homology to 06/14, 05/14 and 16S strains. In addition, M. synoviae strains have 99% and 98% homology to MSR-812, MSR-795 and MSR-1019 strains. One of the M. synoviae strains has 82% homology to ABSfsdMS2011 strain. The results of our study showed that ostriches in Iran were infected with chicken mycoplasmas but the pathogenesis of them in ostrich respiratory should be further evaluated.

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Bhorade, S. M., V. Ahya, R. Kotloff, M. Baz, V. Valentine, S. Arcasoy, R. Love, et al. "154: Long Term Follow-Up in the AIRSAC Trial, a Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial in Lung Transplant Recipients." Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 28, no. 2 (February 2009): S119—S120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.healun.2008.11.161.

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Riede, Tobias, Heather L. Borgard, and Bret Pasch. "Laryngeal airway reconstruction indicates that rodent ultrasonic vocalizations are produced by an edge-tone mechanism." Royal Society Open Science 4, no. 11 (November 2017): 170976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.170976.

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Some rodents produce ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) for social communication using an aerodynamic whistle, a unique vocal production mechanism not found in other animals. The functional anatomy and evolution of this sound production mechanism remains unclear. Using laryngeal airway reconstruction, we identified anatomical specializations critical for USV production. A robust laryngeal cartilaginous framework supports a narrow supraglottal airway. An intralaryngeal airsac-like cavity termed the ventral pouch was present in three muroid rodents (suborder Myomorpha), but was absent in a heteromyid rodent (suborder Castorimorpha) that produces a limited vocal repertoire and no documented USVs. Small lesions to the ventral pouch in laboratory rats caused dramatic changes in USV production, supporting the hypothesis that an interaction between a glottal exit jet and the alar edge generates ultrasonic signals in rodents. The resulting undulating airflow around the alar edge interacts with the resonance of the ventral pouch, which may function as a Helmholtz resonator. The proposed edge-tone mechanism requires control of intrinsic laryngeal muscles and sets the foundation for acoustic variation and diversification among rodents. Our work highlights the importance of anatomical innovations in the evolution of animal sound production mechanisms.

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Phanthong, Pratthana, Pairoa Praihirunkit, Suchada Jirasirisuk, and Sunisa Aobaom. "Comparison of general cyanoacrylate and Sirchie cyanoacrylate for latent fingerprint on non-porous surfaces by cyanosafe fuming chamber with Airsafe controller." Journal of Applied Science 20, no. 1 (June 15, 2021): 104–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14416/j.appsci.2021.01.008.

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Книги з теми "Airsapce"

Books, Fishing Novelty. If You Don't Like Airsac Catfish Fishing Then You Probably Won't Like Me and I'm Okay with That: Airsac Catfish Fishing Log Book. Independently Published, 2019.

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