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Готові списки джерел за темами / Alfalfa Diseases and pests / Статті в журналах

Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Alfalfa Diseases and pests.

Статті в журналах з теми "Alfalfa Diseases and pests"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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1

Yang, Bo, Yao Zhao, and Zhenfei Guo. "Research Progress and Prospect of Alfalfa Resistance to Pathogens and Pests." Plants 11, no. 15 (August 1, 2022): 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11152008.

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Анотація:

Alfalfa is one of the most important legume forages in the world and contributes greatly to the improvement of ecosystems, nutrition, and food security. Diseases caused by pathogens and pests severely restrict the production of alfalfa. Breeding resistant varieties is the most economical and effective strategy for the control of alfalfa diseases and pests, and the key to breeding resistant varieties is to identify important resistance genes. Plant innate immunity is the theoretical basis for identifying resistant genes and breeding resistant varieties. In recent years, the framework of plant i

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2

Li, Jin, Qiaoxia Shang, Yanqi Liu, Wenting Dai, Xin Li, Shuhua Wei, Guixin Hu, Mark Richard McNeill, and Liping Ban. "Occurrence, Distribution, and Transmission of Alfalfa Viruses in China." Viruses 14, no. 7 (July 12, 2022): 1519. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v14071519.

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is one of the most important quality forages worldwide and is cultivated throughout China. Alfalfa is susceptible to a variety of viral diseases during its growth, which has caused huge amounts of commercial losses. However, the profile of the alfalfa virus in China remains ambiguous and the viruses transmitted by Odontothrips loti (Haliday), dominant insect pests in alfalfa, are also poorly understood. In the present study, virus diversity was investigated in the primary alfalfa-growing areas in China. A total of 18 alfalfa viruses were identified through RNA-sequ

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3

Solozhentseva, Lyudmila. "IDENTIFICATION AND CREATION OF PROMISING ALFALFA MATERIAL RESISTANT TO THE MOST HARMFUL FUNGAL DISEASES." Adaptive Fodder Production 2021, no. 4 (February 7, 2022): 57–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2021-4-57-66.

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Alfalfa is a valuable high-protein fodder crop suitable for the preparation of various types of feed (green mass, hay, haylage, silage). Due to the increasing aridity of the climate, there is a need to expand its crops in the northern regions of the country. Currently, it is necessary to create alfalfa varieties with a good adaptation to modern environmental conditions, to improve the development of seed production of this crop. Often alfalfa plants are highly susceptible to disease damage, damage by pests. Fungal diseases (fusarium, brown spotting) during the epiphytotic period can also reduc

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4

François, Sarah, Aymeric Antoine-Lorquin, Maximilien Kulikowski, Marie Frayssinet, Denis Filloux, Emmanuel Fernandez, Philippe Roumagnac, Rémy Froissart, and Mylène Ogliastro. "Characterisation of the Viral Community Associated with the Alfalfa Weevil (Hypera postica) and Its Host Plant, Alfalfa (Medicago sativa)." Viruses 13, no. 5 (April 28, 2021): 791. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13050791.

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Advances in viral metagenomics have paved the way of virus discovery by making the exploration of viruses in any ecosystem possible. Applied to agroecosystems, such an approach opens new possibilities to explore how viruses circulate between insects and plants, which may help to optimise their management. It could also lead to identifying novel entomopathogenic viral resources potentially suitable for biocontrol strategies. We sampled the larvae of a natural population of alfalfa weevils (Hypera postica), a major herbivorous pest feeding on legumes, and its host plant alfalfa (Medicago sativa)

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5

LENSSEN, A. W., E. L. SORENSEN, G. L. POSLER, and L. H. HARBERS. "TOTAL CELL WALL AND FIBER CONCENTRATIONS OF PERENNIAL GLANDULAR-HAIRED AND EGLANDULAR Medicago POPULATIONS." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 68, no. 2 (April 1, 1988): 439–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps88-055.

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Анотація:

Host-plant resistance in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is insufficient for control of the alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) or the potato leafhopper (Empoasca fabae), two of the most important insect pests of alfalfa. Some wild Medicago species, which have erect glandular hairs, possess adequate host-plant resistance for control of both pests. We established a field trial (Wymore silty clay loam) in 1985 to determine the effects of erect glandular hairs on forage quality of several perennial Medicago species. Glandular and eglandular (without erect glandular hairs) plant populations were selected

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6

Каримов, Ханиф, Khanif Karimov, Марат Валиуллин, Marat Valiullin, Рагат Миникаев, and Ragat Minikaev. "TECHNOLOGICAL RECEIPTS FOR PRODUCING SUSTAINABLE YIELDS OF ALFALFA OF SARGA VARIETY." Vestnik of Kazan State Agrarian University 12, no. 4 (March 15, 2018): 13–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/article_5a82a3b81c0f88.04670041.

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The introduction of advanced technologies for alfalfa seeds cultivation of Sarga variety ensures a stable yield of seeds within 360-380 kilogramm per hectare. The main elements of this technology are the use of grass for seeds for only one year, careful preparation of the soil before sowing, respect for the depth of seeding, proper organization of bee pollination, protection of crops from diseases and pests, and the organization of seed processing.

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7

Živić, Jelica, Milić Vojinović, Ivica Stančić, and Desimir Knežević. "WEED FLORA IN ALFAFLA CROPS." International Conference on Technics, Technologies and Education, ICTTE 2019 (2019): 452–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15547/ictte.2019.07.014.

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Alfalfa is a perennial crop that is grown several years on the same surface and because of this there are specificities in the composition and structure of the weed community. This leads to difficulties in suppresses and reduction of pests, diseases and weeds at the yield of alfalfa. The basic harmful effect of weeds is reflected through the competitiveness of water, nutrients and light. Weeds generally have low nutritional value, unpleasant smell and taste, and also affect the quality of alfalfa seeds. The most common types of economy effective perennial weed are Cirsium arvense (L), Sorghum

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8

Boltayev, Botir, and Sanjar Boltayev. "Management methods of harmful pests in the cotton-wheat crop rotation system." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 02049. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124402049.

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This article analyzed the ecological succession between pests of crops as a result of the transition from the traditional cotton-alfalfa crop rotation system to the cotton-grain crop rotation system. It was found that the species composition, development and propagation characteristics of harmful organisms in the weeds around the field, as well as in the intermediate crops, can be reduced by up to 60-70%, and protected entomophagous organisms from the destructive effects of pesticides through lateral tillage of the 30-meter edge of the cotton crop. Furthermore, it was possible to apply biologi

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9

McNeill, Mark R., Xiongbing Tu, Colin M. Ferguson, Liping Ban, Scott Hardwick, Zhang Rong, Barbara I. P. Barratt, and Zhang Zehua. "Diversity and impacts of key grassland and forage arthropod pests in China and New Zealand: An overview of IPM and biosecurity opportunities." NeoBiota 65 (June 1, 2021): 137–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/neobiota.65.61991.

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For both New Zealand and China, agriculture is integral to the economy, supporting primary production in both intensive and extensive farming systems. Grasslands have important ecosystem and biodiversity functions, as well providing valuable grazing for livestock. However, production and persistence of grassland and forage species (e.g. alfalfa) is not only compromised by overgrazing, climate change and habitat fragmentation, but from a range of pests and diseases, which impose considerable costs on growers in lost production and income. Some of these pest species are native, but increasingly,

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10

Truzina, Lyudmila, and Larissa Korovina. "TO THE ANNIVERSARY OF THE FEDERAL WILLIAMS RESEARCH CENTER OF FORAGE PRODUCTION AND AGROECOLOGY: ABOUT THE PLANT PROTECTION DEPARTMENT." Adaptive Fodder Production 2022, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 59–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.33814/afp-2222-5366-2022-1-59-70.

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The main directions of research on chemical means of protecting fodder crops from diseases, pests and weeds in the field fodder production of the All-Russian Fodder Research Institute are given. Studies on toxicological assessment of feed and soil are given. Plant Protection Department included three laboratories: the Herbicide Laboratory, the Plant Protection Laboratory and the Feed Toxicological Evaluation Laboratory. The Laboratory of Herbicides was established in 1967 to conduct research on the chemical method of controlling weeds on fodder crops, hayfields and pastures. Research on the st

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11

Godfrey, L. D., K. V. Yeargan, and R. B. Muntifering. "Digestibility, Protein Content, and Nutrient Yields of Alfalfa Stressed by Selected Early Season Insect Pests and Diseases." Journal of Economic Entomology 80, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 257–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/80.1.257.

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12

Bhattarai, S., B. Coulman, and B. Biligetu. "Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.): renewed interest as a forage legume for western Canada." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 96, no. 5 (October 1, 2016): 748–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjps-2015-0378.

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Анотація:

Sainfoin (Onobrychis viciifolia Scop.) is a perennial forage legume that has received renewed interest in western Canada because of its desirable forage characteristics. The objective of this review is to summarize previous studies on the agronomy, forage yield, nutritive value, seed characteristics, and diseases and pests of sainfoin. In addition, the review also focuses on the genetic diversity and registered cultivars of sainfoin and their potential use in temperate grasslands. Past studies have reported that sainfoin has a high nutritive value, and high voluntary intake and palatability to

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13

Krut’, M. V. "An overview of innovative developments from the scientific provision of plant selection to resistance to diseases and pests." Scientific Journal Grain Crops 5, no. 1 (2021): 23–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.31867/2523-4544/0154.

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The Institute of Plant Protection of NAAS developed methods of plant selection for resistance to major pathogens and assessment methodology the resistance of winter wheat, potatoes, clover and alfalfa to pests to create complex resistant varieties. Donors of potato resistance to cancer, Alternaria, Phomosis and cyst-forming nematodes were identified. Methods for determining the resistance of cereals to high and low temperatures were developed. A collection of the Aegilops biuncialis L. wild wheat samples as sources of new resistance genes to plant diseases and pests was compiled. The soft wint

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14

Nichols, P. G. H., R. A. C. Jones, T. J. Ridsdill-Smith, and M. J. Barbetti. "Genetic improvement of subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.). 2. Breeding for disease and pest resistance." Crop and Pasture Science 65, no. 11 (2014): 1207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/cp14031.

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Subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum L.) is the most widely sown pasture legume in southern Australia and resistance to important diseases and pests has been a major plant-breeding objective. Kabatiella caulivora, the cause of clover scorch, is the most important foliar fungal pathogen, and several cultivars have been developed with resistance to both known races. Screening of advanced breeding lines has been conducted to prevent release of cultivars with high susceptibility to other important fungal foliar disease pathogens, including rust (Uromyces trifolii-repentis), powdery mildew (

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15

Buhaiov, Vasyl, Vitalii Horenskyi, and Ivanna Smulska. "RODENA – NEW ALFALFA SOWN SYNTHETIC (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.) INTENSIVE TYPE." Agriculture and Forestry, no. 3 (September 28, 2021): 85–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.37128/2707-5826-2021-3-7.

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Further development of the livestock industry in our country depends primarily on the production of feed, their quantity and quality. The most effective way of solving this problem is to create and implement in the production of new varieties and hybrids of forage crops, which have higher yields of green mass, hay and seeds, better foliage and feed quality, intensity of regrowth in spring and after mowing, growing season, durability, stability to diseases and pests, winter hardiness and drought resistance and other features that determine their economic value. Another problem is the eliminatio

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16

Russin, J. S., L. D. Newsom, D. J. Boethel, and A. N. Sparks. "Multiple pest complexes on soybean: influences of threecornered alfalfa hopper injury on pod and stem blight and stem anthracnose diseases and seed vigour." Crop Protection 6, no. 5 (October 1987): 320–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0261-2194(87)90061-5.

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17

Chapin, J. W., J. S. Thomas, and P. H. Joost. "Tillage and Chlorpyrifos Treatment Effects on Peanut Arthropods—An Incidence of Severe Burrower Bug Injury." Peanut Science 28, no. 2 (January 1, 2001): 64–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/i0095-3679-28-2-5.

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Abstract A 2-yr study was conducted on the effects of tillage and soil insecticide (chlorpyrifos) treatment on peanut arthropod pests. A 3 by 2 split-plot experiment with five replications was subjected to factorial ANOVA. Main plot treatments consisted of three tillage systems: conventional moldboard plow, strip tillage into a killed wheat cover crop, and strip tillage into corn stubble residue. Subplot insecticide treatments were granular chlorpyrifos applied at early pegging (growth stage R2) and untreated. Populations of corn earworn, Helicoverpa zea (Boddie), and velevetbean caterpillar,

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18

Перцева and Elena Pertseva. "ALFALFA PESTS IN SAMARA REGION FOREST-STEPPE." Bulletin Samara State Agricultural Academy 1, no. 4 (October 27, 2016): 28–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/21800.

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The purpose of research is alfalfa yields increasing by crops of different ages in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Samara region. Field studies were carried out in breeding crop rotation of department introduction, selection of feed and oilseeds Volga research station named after P.N. Konstantinov in 2014. Entomofauna alfalfa crops of different varieties and ages were studied mowing butterfly net. More numerous entomofauna was recorded in crops of alfalfa 2011 compared with age-related crops in 2008. Specialized herbivores studied culture were found in the growing season 2014 agrocenose

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19

Chen, W., F. M. Dugan, and R. McGee. "First Report of Dodder (Cuscuta pentagona) on Chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in the United States." Plant Disease 98, no. 1 (January 2014): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-03-13-0334-pdn.

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Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) is an important rotational and an emerging specialty crop in the Pacific Northwest of the United States, in California, and in the Northern Great Plains of the United States and Canada. Dodders (Cuscuta spp.) are widespread parasitic weeds on many crops worldwide. Several Cuscuta species (primarily C. campestris Yuncker) have been reported to parasitize chickpea, and dodder is important on chickpea in the Indian subcontinent, the Middle East, and recently in Australia (4), but has previously not been reported from North America. On 28 July 2012, a chickpea field n

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20

Zakarya, Yasser M., Mohamed M. Metwaly, Mohamed A. E. AbdelRahman, Mohamed R. Metwalli, and Georgios Koubouris. "Optimized Land Use through Integrated Land Suitability and GIS Approach in West El-Minia Governorate, Upper Egypt." Sustainability 13, no. 21 (November 5, 2021): 12236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132112236.

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Land evaluation is imperative for its efficient use in agriculture. Therefore, this study aimed at assessing the suitability of a region in West El-Minia for cultivating some of the major crops using the geographical information system (GIS). The results focus on allocating space for cultivating sugar beet and utilizing the free period of sugar beet in other crops. This exploitation helps to maintain the quality of the land and increase its fertility by using crop rotation with integrated agricultural management. A machine learning technique was implemented using the random forest algorithm (R

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21

Jovicic, Ivana, Andja Radonjic, and Olivera Petrovic-Obradovic. "Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) on alfalfa in Serbia: Seasonal dynamics and pest status." Pesticidi i fitomedicina 37, no. 3 (2022): 77–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/pif2203077j.

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa) is the most important forage legume and one of the most widely grown crops in Serbia. Aphids (Hemiptera: Aphididae) are one of the most significant groups of pests of that crop. Three aphid species, Acyrthosiphon pisum, Aphis craccivora and Therioaphis trifolii, are considered as important pests of alfalfa in Serbia. The most abundant of them, T. trifolii, is more adapted to warmer temperatures and it is the predominant aphid species during summer months, while A. pisum is prevalent during the spring period. In warmer climates, an increasing abundance of T. trifolii a

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22

Arnett, W. Harold. "Control of Insect Pests of Forage Alfalfa, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.203.

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Abstract A 10-yr-old stand of alfalfa located at the Main Station Field Laboratory, Reno, NV was used for this study. Treatments were applied when alfalfa was 14-16 inches tall with 30-40% of terminals showing alfalfa weevil damage. Plots were 25 × 50 ft with treatments replicated 4 times in a randomized complete block design. Sprays were applied with a CO2 activated bicycle plot sprayer calibrated to deliver 18.5 gpa at 35 psi. Treatments were on May 24 and posttreatment samples were taken on May 27, 31 and jun 7, 14 and consisted of 10 sweeps of a standard net taken at random from each repli

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23

Tanigoshi, Lynell K., and Jon Babcock. "Prebloom Control of Insect Pests of Alfalfa, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 187. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.187.

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Abstract This test was undertaken in a commercial stand of ‘Vernima’ seed alfalfa that has been in production for 3 yr near Gardena, Walla Walla County, Wash. Spray treatments were applied with a C02-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 27 gal/acre at 30 psi from a 4-ft boom with 4 8003 flat-fan nozzles on 19-inch spacings. Treatment date was 16 Apr and subsequent samples were collected on 23 Apr and 6 May. Each sample was made up of 5 180-degree sweeps from a 15-inch-diam sweep net.

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24

Johnson, Gregory, Kurt Kammerzell, and Susan Hudson. "Control of Sugarbeet Insect Pests, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 282–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.282a.

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Abstract Granular insecticide treatments were applied at planting time to 2 separate flood-irrigated fields located in the Yellowstone Valley of eastern Montana. Field 1, previously in alfalfa, was planted to ‘Beta 3265’ on 24 May using an IH185 8-row planter. Granular insecticides were banded on top of the ridge through a ground-driven Gandy applicator and lightly incorporated with a drag chain. Each treatment and untreated control were replicated 10 times in a randomized complete block design. Individual replicates were 2 rows (22-inch spacing) by 2,500 ft. Field 2 was planted in ‘Beta 6566’

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Doss, Michael, and Richard Berberet. "Control of Insect Pests of Alfalfa in Oklahoma, 1986." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 12, no. 1 (January 1, 1987): 164–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/12.1.164a.

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Abstract Chemical treatments were applied on 2 Mar in a dryland field of “Arc” alfalfa on the South Central Research Station at Chickasha, OK. Controls for the alfalfa weevil, blue alfalfa aphid and pea aphid were evaluated. Chemicals were applied using a tractor drawn boom sprayer equipped with flooding nozzles and calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 20 psi. Temperature at the time of application ranged from 60-70°F and winds were less than 5 mph. Plots were 4 x 7 m and arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replications. Population densities of weevil larvae were determined from 2

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Kurniati, Ridha, Nurdin Saidi, and Rosnani Nasution. "ANTIFEEDANT ACTIVITY FROM NEEM LEAF EXTRACT (Azadirachta indica A Juss)." Jurnal Natural 18, no. 1 (January 24, 2018): 7–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.24815/jn.v18i1.8781.

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Antifeedant activity of neem leaf (A. indica A. Juss) has been identified by against Tenebrio molitor bio-indicator. The highest activity was obtained on ethyl acetate extract at 0.5% concentration having Antifeedant Index (AI) of 51.53% and most active at 10% concentration of 82.05%. The method used to test the antifeedant activity is the no choice leaf disk method. Secondary metabolites contained in neem leaf extract (A. indica A. juss) include terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, saponins and phenolics. Keywords: Neem leaf (Azadirachta Indica A.Juss), No choice leaf disk method, Antifeedant Ac

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SMALL, ERNEST. "INSECT PESTS AND THE EVOLUTION OF DEFENSIVE GLANDULAR TRICHOMES IN ALFALFA." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 3 (July 1, 1985): 589–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-081.

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Glandular trichomes can defend (Medicago species from herbivores in a variety of insect orders. Wild alfalfas with high concentrations of glandular trichomes occur in a restricted portion of the geographical range of the species (Medicago saliva L. sensu lato), especially in the Caucasus, Ukraine, and adjacent areas of the USSR. These observations suggest that this adaptation was developed to defend the alfalfa against insect pests with similar geographical distribution. That M. sativa plants with pods covered with glandular hairs tend to have larger, if fewer, seeds than plants with pods lack

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Tanigoshi, Lynell K., and Jon Babcock. "Prebloom Control of Insect Pests of Alfalfa Seed, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.189.

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Abstract Experimental trials were conducted in plots measuring 0.01 acre on a 3-yr-old ‘Hiphy’ alfalfa seed stand near Touchet, Walla Walla County, Wash. Plots were arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replications. Insecticide treatments were applied with a C02-powered backpack sprayer with a 4-ft spray boom calibrated to deliver 27 gal/acre at 30 psi. Four 8003 flatfan nozzles at 19-inch spacings were used on the boom. Treatments were applied on 23 Apr, and population estimates were determined 7 and 14 days posttreatment with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net.

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Tanigoshi, Lynell K., and Jon Babcock. "Prebloom Control of Insect Pests of Alfalfa Seed, 1987." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1988): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/13.1.186.

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Abstract Chemical treatments were applied on 14 May on a 3-yr-old stand of ‘Shenandoah’ seed alfalfa in Touchet, Walla Walla County, Wash. Spray treatments were applied using a C02-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 27 gal/acre at 30 psi. Four 8003 flat-fan nozzles were arranged at 19-inch spacings on a 4-ft boom. A completely randomized design was used with 0.01 acre plots replicated 4 times. Insect populations were sampled at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days posttreatment with 5 180-degree sweeps made with a standard 15-inchdiam sweep net. Adults of the alfalfa weevil were not reported bec

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30

GOTO, Chie, and Hitoshi TSUTSUI. "Epizootic of Entomophaga aulicae in lepidopterous pests of alfalfa." Japanese journal of applied entomology and zoology 33, no. 1 (1989): 35–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1303/jjaez.33.35.

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31

Skelton, Laura E., and Gary W. Barrett. "A comparison of conventional and alternative agroecosystems using alfalfa (Medicago sativa) and winter wheat (Triticum aestivum)." Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems 20, no. 1 (March 2005): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/raf200478.

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Анотація:

AbstractNatural systems agriculture is based on an understanding that natural systems are self-sustaining due to regulatory mechanisms and processes that help to ensure the long-term maintenance of the ecosystem. An agroecosystem modeled after nature should encompass greater stability and biodiversity at all levels of organization than an agroecosystem based on conventional agricultural practices. The main objective of this study was to determine whether agroecosystems modeled after nature exhibit advantages over conventional agroecosystems. Five treatments were examined: winter wheat (Triticu

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32

Evans, Edward. "Dispersal in Host–Parasitoid Interactions: Crop Colonization by Pests and Specialist Enemies." Insects 9, no. 4 (October 5, 2018): 134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects9040134.

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Анотація:

Interactions of insect pests and their natural enemies increasingly are being considered from a metapopulation perspective, with focus on movements of individuals among habitat patches (e.g., individual crop fields). Biological control may be undercut in short-lived crops as natural enemies lag behind the pests in colonizing newly created habitat. This hypothesis was tested by assessing parasitism of cereal leaf beetle (Oulema melanopus) and alfalfa weevil (Hypera postica) larvae at varying distances along transects into newly planted fields of small grains and alfalfa in northern Utah. The ra

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33

Wedberg, John L. "Control of an Alfalfa Insect Complex, 1985." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 11, no. 1 (January 1, 1986): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/11.1.220.

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Abstract Insecticides were applied May 17 ’85 with a tractor-drawn sprayer equippe. with 8003 Tee Jet nozzles delivering 23 gal/acre at 30 psi of pressure. Plots were 17 ft wide by 50 ft long and replicated 4 times. Plots wert evaluated by taking 10 pendulum-style net sweeps on the dates indicated and counting all economic insect pests found.

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34

Flint, Mary Louise, and Philip A. Roberts. "Using crop diversity to manage pest problems: Some California examples." American Journal of Alternative Agriculture 3, no. 4 (1988): 163–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300002447.

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AbstractModerate to large scale California growers (as well as small scale ones) manipulate cropping patterns in a number of ways to reduce pest problems. Crop rotation, which can be defined as diversifying crops over time, is used to manage selected pests, primarily weeds, pathogens, and nematodes. As a substitute for pesticides, crop rotation has been most rewarding in the control of nematodes; sugarbeet cyst and root knot nematode examples are detailed. Some pests that invade fields from nearby areas can be managed by modifying adjacent cropping patterns or practices; Pierce's disease of gr

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35

Rethwisch, Michael D. "Control of Early-Season Pests, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.178a.

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Abstract Seven treatments were applied 22 Feb to 30-ft plots arranged in a randomized complete block design and replicated 4 times in a 2-yr-old stand of alfalfa southeast of Yuma, Ariz. Spray treatments were applied with a CO2-powered backpack sprayer calibrated to deliver 6.7 gal/acre at 30 psi. Control plots received 6.7 gal water/acre at 30 psi, Plots were sampled at 1, 3, and 8 DAT with a standard 15-inch-diam sweep net. Ten 180° sweeps/plot were taken.

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36

Raman, K. V. "SURVEY OF DISEASES AND PESTS IN AFRICA: PESTS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 213 (September 1987): 145–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1987.213.15.

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37

Ghahramani, Mahsa, Roghaiyeh Karimzadeh, Shahzad Iranipour, and Andrea Sciarretta. "Does Harvesting Affect the Spatio-Temporal Signature of Pests and Natural Enemies in Alfalfa Fields?" Agronomy 9, no. 9 (September 11, 2019): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9090532.

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Анотація:

Determining the spatio-temporal distribution and association of pests and natural enemies would be useful for implementing biological control of pests and could also be used in site-specific pest management. In this study, the spatio-temporal distribution and association of aphids, plant bugs, and natural enemies were assessed in alfalfa fields using geo-statistics and spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE). Additionally, the effect of alfalfa hay-harvesting on the spatial and temporal distribution of these insects was investigated for the first time. Geostatistical analysis indicated th

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38

Devyatkin, Alexander Mikhailovich, Alexander Ivanovich Belyi, and Albina Andreevna Levychenkova. "Entomophages-predators of pests of alfalfa agrocenoses of Kuban Region." Proceedings of the Kuban State Agrarian University, no. 88 (2021): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.21515/1999-1703-88-67-73.

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39

Sisterson, Mark S., Donal P. Dwyer, and Sean Y. Uchima. "Alfalfa and Pastures: Sources of Pests or Generalist Natural Enemies?" Environmental Entomology 47, no. 2 (February 27, 2018): 271–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ee/nvy011.

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40

Sorensen, E. L., D. L. Stuteville, E. K. Horber, and D. Z. Skinner. "Registration of KS219 Alfalfa Germplasm with Resistance to Eight Pests." Crop Science 32, no. 2 (March 1992): 502–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.2135/cropsci1992.0011183x003200020055x.

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41

Bisges, A., and R. Berberet. "Control of Insect Pests in the First Alfalfa Crop, 1993." Arthropod Management Tests 19, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 167. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/19.1.167.

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42

Berberet, R., A. Zarrabi, and A. Bisges. "Control of Insect Pests in The First Alfalfa Crop, 1995." Arthropod Management Tests 21, no. 1 (January 1, 1996): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/amt/21.1.193.

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Abstract Seven chemical insecticide treatments were evaluated for control of AW larvae and aphids in the first crop of a second year stand of ‘Cimarron VR’ alfalfa on the Agronomy Experiment Station, Stillwater, OK. Pretreatment samples indicated a population of 3.1 AW larvae and 20.5 aphids per stem. Insecticides were applied on 1 Apr using flooding nozzles (Spraying Systems Co., TK SS-5) calibrated to deliver 20 gpa at 24 psi when traveling 3 mph. A RCB design was used with 5 X 10 m plots replicated 4 times. Sampling was conducted at 3, 6, 13, and 18 DAT by pulling 25 stems per plot and plac

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43

Heitefuss, Rudolf. "Wheat Diseases and Pests." Journal of Phytopathology 159, no. 4 (October 5, 2010): 324. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.2010.01750.x.

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44

Tyshchenko, A. V., O. D. Tyshchenko, G. M. Kuts, O. O. Piliarska, and N. M. Galchenko. "Anti-pest protection of two-year old alfalfa grown for seeds." Plant Breeding and Seed Production, no. 119 (July 12, 2021): 170–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.30835/2413-7510.2021.237163.

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Анотація:

Purpose. To evaluate the effectiveness of different insecticides against pests on two-year old alfalfa grown for seeds. Materials and methods. The study was conducted in the experimental field of the Institute of Irrigated Agriculture of NAAS in 2017–2019. The filed experiments were laid out in split plots. The main plots (factor A) were for water supply conditions (no irrigation vs. irrigation); sub-plots (factors B and C) were for application of insecticides. Seeds were sown in wide rows with interrows of 70 cm. Results and discussion. When the two-year old alfalfa canopy (buddin

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45

Farnsworth, Norman R. "Alfalfa pills and autoimmune diseases." American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 62, no. 5 (November 1, 1995): 1026–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/62.5.1026a.

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46

I., Prihantoro,, Anandia, A., Aryanto, A. T., Setiana, M. A., and Karti, P. D. M. H. "THE ADAPTATION LEVEL OF ALFALFA (MEDICAGO SATIVA L.) THAT IRRADIATED WITH GAMMA RAYS ON A FIELD SCALE." Pastura 9, no. 1 (September 24, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/pastura.2019.v09.i01.p01.

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Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) a high nutritious and palatability legume for ruminant. Constrain of alfalfa availability in Indonesia are due to the plant adaptability in tropical environment. Aim of the study was to measure the adaptation level of alfalfa that irradiated with gamma rays on a field scale. The study consisted of four types of plant sources, mutation plants with different gamma ray levels (0Gy, 200Gy, 300Gy and 400Gy). Plant tillers was analyzed with a complete randomized design with 3 replications, 20 plants per replication. Growth capability, leaf color, flowering time and pest

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47

Li, Y. P., M. P. You, T. N. Khan, P. M. Finnegan, and M. J. Barbetti. "First Report of Phoma herbarum on Field Pea (Pisum sativum) in Australia." Plant Disease 95, no. 12 (December 2011): 1590. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-07-11-0594.

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Black spot disease on field pea (Pisum sativum) in Australia is generally caused by one or more of the four fungi: Mycosphaerella pinodes (anamorph Ascochyta pinodes), Phoma medicaginis var. pinodella (synonym Phoma pinodella), Ascochyta pisi, and Phoma koolunga (1,2,4). However, in 2010 from a field pea blackspot disease screening nursery at Medina, Western Australia, approximately 25% of isolates were a Phoma sp. that was morphologically different to Phoma spp. previously reported on field pea in Western Australia, while the remaining 75% of isolates were either M. pinodes or P. medicaginis

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48

Mazahery-Laghab, H., B. Yazdi-Samadi, M. Bagheri, and A. R. Bagheri. "Alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.) shoot saponins: identification and bio-activity by the assessment of aphid feeding." British Journal of Nutrition 105, no. 1 (September 28, 2010): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114510003120.

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Biochemical components in alfalfa (Medicago sativaL.), such as saponins, can act as protecting factors against bio-stresses. Saponins are also antifeedants and show oral toxicity towards higher and lower animals. Changes in saponins, such as variation in the carbon skeleton, or hydrolysis of saponin glycosides and other conjugates, may change their biological effects. The aims of this research were to study saponin variation in different growth stages of alfalfa and to investigate the biological role of saponins in the spotted alfalfa aphid,Therioaphis maculata. Saponins from alfalfa shoots in

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49

Godfrey, L. D., and K. V. Yeargan. "Effects and Interactions of Early Season Pests on Alfalfa Yield in Kentucky." Journal of Economic Entomology 80, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 248–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jee/80.1.248.

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50

Doss, Michael, and Richard Berberet. "Control of Early-Season Pests, 1988." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 14, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/14.1.170.

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Abstract This test was conducted on a field of ‘Cimarron’ alfalfa at the Southcentral Research Station in Chickasha, Okla. Efficacy of several foliar insecticides was determined for AW larvae, PA, and BAA. Pretreatment counts made 21 Mar indicated an infestation level for AW in excess of the economic threshold (1.5 larvae/stem). PA numbered less than 1/stem, and there were approximately 20 BAA/stem. Insecticides were applied 21 Mar with a tractor-drawn boom sprayer equipped with flooding nozzles and calibrated to deliver 20 gal/acre at 20 psi. Plots were 4.0 by 7.0 m, arranged in a randomized

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