Статті в журналах: "Alginet, Spain"

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Moliner, Cristina, Roberto Teruel-Juanes, Carmem Primaz, Jose Badia, Barbara Bosio, Pilar Campíns-Falcó, Carmen Molíns-Legua, et al. "Reduction of Nitrates in Waste Water through the Valorization of Rice Straw: LIFE LIBERNITRATE Project." Sustainability 10, no. 9 (August 24, 2018): 3007. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10093007.

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An improved and more sustainable waste management system is required for successful development of technologies based on renewable sources. Rice straw is submitted to controlled combustion reactions and the produced ashes are chemically treated to produce silica. After a chemical activation step, the activated silica shows potential as an adsorbent agent and will be used to remove the excess of nitrates in groundwater and wells in the area of Alginet (Valencia, Spain), selected as a vulnerable zone within the Nitrates Directive. The demonstration activity aims to have a local impact on municipalities of 200 inhabitants or fewer, decreasing from current nitrate concentrations close to 50 mg/L, to a target of 25 mg/L. In a successive step, the methodology will be transferred to other municipalities with similar nitrate problems (Piemonte, Italy) and replicated to remove different pollutants such as manure (the Netherlands) and waste waters from the textile industry (Italy).

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Forero-Cujiño, Mario Andres, Luis Carlos Montengro Ruiz, Gabriel Antonio Pinilla-Agudelo, and Luz Marina Melgarejo-Muñoz. "INMOVILIZACIÓN DE LAS MICROALGAS Scenedesmus ovalternus (Scenedesmaceae) Y Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorellaceae) EN ESFERAS DE ALGINATO DE CALCIO." Acta Biológica Colombiana 21, no. 2 (April 5, 2016): 437–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/abc.v21n2.51253.

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En este trabajo se describe la técnica de inmovilización de microalgas en esferas de alginato de calcio. Se emplearon las especies Scenedesmus ovalternus y Chlorella vulgaris, se determinó la estabilidad de las esferas, la cinética de crecimiento y la concentración de las microalgas en el interior de las esferas. Chlorella vulgaris alcanzó mayores densidades poblacionales y tasas de crecimiento más altas cuando se inmovilizó en concentraciones del 10 % v/v con el alginato (1,31*106 cél/ml). Para Scenedesmus ovalternus se observó una mayor densidad poblacional y una mayor tasa de crecimiento cuando se inmovilizó en concentraciones del 20 % v/v (7,06*105 cél/ml). Estos resultados son útiles para aplicaciones prácticas de las algas encapsuladas, tales como el biomonitoreo o la biorremediación.Immobilization of Microalgae Scenedesmus ovalternus (Scenedesmaceae) and Chlorella vulgaris (Chlorellaceae) in Calcium Alginate BeadsThis paper describes the immobilization technique of microalgae in calcium alginate beads. Scenedesmus ovalternus and Chlorella vulgaris species were used. The stability of beads, the kinetics of growth and the concentrations of microalgae inside the beads were determined. The higher density and the upper growth rate of Chlorella vulgaris occurred when it was immobilized in alginate at a concentration of 10 %v/v (1,31*106 cél/ml). Scenedesmus ovalternus achieved a higher population density and an elevated growth rate when it was immobilized at a concentration of 20 % v/v (7,06*105 cél/ml). These results are useful for subsequent applications of the encapsulated algae, such as biomonitoring and bioremediation.

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Fajarwati, Febi Indah, Muhammad Arsyik Kurniawan, Mayla Nur Fatima, and Rosani Fikrina. "Penghilangan Zat Warna menggunakan Kompleks Polielektrolit Kitosan-Alginat." JPSCR : Journal of Pharmaceutical Science and Clinical Research 3, no. 1 (March 15, 2018): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/jpscr.v3i1.16268.

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Telah dilakukan sintesis kompleks polielektrolit (PEC)kitosan-alginat dalam bentuk film dan beads. Material dibuat dengan menggunakan biopolimer kitosan dan alginat yang bersifat ramah lingkungan untuk pengujian adsorpsi terhadap zat warna. Karakterisasi PEC kitosan-alginat dilakukan dengan FTIR(Fourier Transform Infra Red), uji stabilitas medium asam basa serta uji kapasitas adsorpsi terhadap zat warna. Hasil karakterisasi menunjukan terjadinya pergesaran vibrasi pada hasil sintesis yang semakin tajam dan PEC kitosan-alginat stabil pada pH >4. Kapasitas adsorpsi optimum diperoleh sebesar 0,676 mg/g pada menit ke- 45 untuk PEC kitosan-alginat dalam bentuk beads dan 0,0135 mg/g pada menit ke-30 untuk bentuk film. Model kinetika semua adsorbenmenunjukkan mengikuti orde dua semu.

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Angelina, Amelia Cahya, Ervia Yudiati, and Delianis Pringgenies. "Potential of Sodium Alginate in Sargassum sp. in Lotion Preparation to Treat Incision Wound in Mice." Biosaintifika: Journal of Biology & Biology Education 13, no. 1 (April 5, 2021): 99–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.15294/biosaintifika.v13i1.22539.

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Sargassum sp. is a known genus of brown seaweed whose dominant component is alginic acid or alginate. Various studies found that alginate having proinflammatory activity, so it may have potential to improve the wound healing process. This study aimed to obtain sodium alginate extract and to know the potency of the sodium alginate extract in incision wound treatment in mice abdomen. Lotion application was performed once a day in a span of five consecutive days. Observation on the wound was carried out to obtain data on blood coagulation, tissue reparation, and fibroblast development rate on the wound using histology. The results showed that the average yield from the Sargassum sp. extraction process was 31.3%. Quality control of the prepared lotion included organoleptic test; light brown coloration, lotion specific odor, semi- solid texture. The acidity of the lotion was measured as 6.61 with 6.731 cp of viscosity. The lotion adhesiveness test showed 0.21 seconds and the lotion was shown to be oil-in-water. Application of the lotion on incision wounds made in the abdomen of rats showed blood coagulation on the first day and onset of wound reparation process on the second day. Wound observation by the third day showed that the inflicted area had undergone a near-complete reparation. The study also showed that on the fifth day of reparation Sargassum sp. extract lotion treatment group showed fibroblast formation, as opposed to the non-extract lotion treatment group. Previous study use alginates as wound dressing material, but in this study alginate used as active ingredient in wound healing treatment. Therefore, this study concludes that sodium alginate in Sargassum sp. seaweed has a potential application in the field of medicine.

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Trujillo-Roldán, Mauricio A., John Fredy Monsalve-Gil, Angélica Maria Cuesta-Álvarez, and Norma A. Valdez-Cruz. "The production, molecular weight and viscosifying power of alginate produced by Azotobacter vinelandii is affected by the carbon source in submerged cultures." DYNA 82, no. 194 (December 21, 2015): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/dyna.v82n194.44201.

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Alginate is a linear polymer composed of b-1,4 linked mannuronic acid and its epimer, a-L-guluronic acid, and frequently extracted from marine algae, as from bacteria such as Azotobacter and Pseudomonas. Here, we show the impact of conventional and unconventional carbon sources on A. vinelandii growth, alginate production, its mean molecular weight (MMW) and its viscosifying power. Starting with 20 g/L of sugars, the highest biomass concentration was obtained using deproteinized and hydrolyzed whey (6.67±0.72 g/L), and sugarcane juice (6.68±0.45 g/L). However, the maximum alginate production was achieved using sucrose (5.11±0.37 g/L), as well the highest alginate yield and specific productivity. Otherwise, the higher alginate MMW was obtained using sugarcane juice (1203±120 kDa), and the higher viscosifying power was obtained using deproteinized/ hydrolyzed whey (23.8±2.6 cps L/galg). This information suggests that it is possible to manipulate the productivity and molecular characteristics of alginates, as a function of the carbon source used. All this, together with the knowledge of the effects of environmental conditions will allow for high yields of high added value biopolymers.

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Punyokun, Kawin, Ratchanee Hongprayoon, Prapansak Srisapoome, and Theerapol Sirinarumitre. "Influence of Chitosan-Alginate Microcapsules Containing Anti-Vibrio Harveyi IgY in the Gastrointestinal Tract Simulation." Modern Applied Science 9, no. 12 (November 1, 2015): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v9n12p110.

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Egg yolk immunoglobulin (IgY) is an alternative treatment for the prevention of gastrointestinal infections in pigs, cows, chickens and fish. In our previous report, we preliminarily proved that anti-V. harveyi IgY had effective potential to control luminous disease in black tiger shrimp. However,IgY activity may be reduced or destroyed by gastric conditions, particularly low pH and digestive enzymes. Therefore, it is necessary to find an effective method to preserve the therapeutic function of IgY antibodies during gastric passage. Chitosan-alginate microcapsules have been developed to protect IgY from gastric inactivation. The processing factors included different forms of chitosan and alginate, while a CaCl2 concentration and encapsulation medium was investigated. The optimum results were obtained under the following conditions: High Mw chitosan concentration 0.2% (w/v), medium viscosity alginate concentration 2% (w/v), CaCl2 concentration 0.5% (w/v). The stability of IgY in simulated gastric fluid (SGF, pH 1.2) was greatly improved by encapsulation in chitosan-alginate microcapsules, and retained greater than 90% activity after 2 h exposure to SGF. Less than 10% IgY was released upon the microcapsules’ exposure to SGF for 2 h, and more than 80% IgY was released upon the microcapsules’ exposure to simulated intestinal fluid (SIF, pH 6.8) for 16 h.

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Ionita, Gabriela, Ana Maria Ariciu, David K. Smith, and Victor Chechik. "Ion exchange in alginate gels – dynamic behaviour revealed by electron paramagnetic resonance." Soft Matter 11, no. 46 (2015): 8968–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5sm02062j.

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Xiong, Kun, Jing Zhang, Haishan Shi, Jingqun Liu, Huae Wu, Haiyan Li, and Jiandong Ye. "Preparation and in vitro cell-biological performance of sodium alginate/nano-zinc silicate co-modified calcium silicate bioceramics." RSC Advances 5, no. 11 (2015): 8329–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra15128c.

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9

Wang, Wen Chao, Xiao Mei Ma, Wei Huan Xu, Yin Yin Li, Quan Ji, and Yan Zhi Xia. "Investigation on Temperature-Sensitive Poly (N-Vinylcaprolactam) Modified Calcium Alginate Microspheres." Advanced Materials Research 631-632 (January 2013): 145–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.631-632.145.

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Temperature-sensitive calcium alginate-based microspheres were prepared in two steps. Firstly, free-radical polymerization of temperature-sensitive N-vinylcaprolactam monomer was performed in aqueous solution of sodium alginate, yielding a mixed aqueous solution bearing temperature-sensitivity composed of poly(N-vinylcaprolactam), sodium alginate-graft- poly(N-vinylcaprolactam) and sodium alginate. Then temperature-sensitive composite microspheres were prepared by inverse emulsification-crosslinking using the as-prepared solution as water phase, n-hexane as oil phase, Span-85 and Tween-85 as emulsifiers and calcium chloride as crosslinker respectively. The morphology and temperature-sensitivity of the composite microspheres were investigated by scanning electron microscope and turbidity method respectively. The controlled release behavior of the microspheres towards temperature was investigated preliminarily using berberine as a model drug.

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10

Danarto, YC, Rochmadi Rochmadi, and Budhijanto Budhijanto. "Microencapsulation of Riboflavin (Vitamine B2) using Alginate and Chitosan : Effect of Surfactant Span 80 upon Microcapsule Diameter." Equilibrium Journal of Chemical Engineering 2, no. 2 (July 10, 2018): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/equilibrium.v2i2.40434.

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Riboflavin (vitamin B2) plays an important role in the growth and maintenance of human metabolism. Riboflavin is the highly sensitive and unstable to environmental influences such as light, reducing agents and pH. Riboflavin is protected by forming it into microcapsules with sodium alginate as a matrix and coated with chitosan reinforced with glutraldehid crosslinking. This study aims to study the process of microencapsulation of riboflavin with sodium alginate and chitosan and is emphasized to study the effect surfactant span 80 upon the size of the microcapsules formed. Based on microcapsule size and its distribution, it can be concluded that more span 80 added to paraffin oil will reduce the size of microcapsule that is formed

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Wang, Jian Kun, Xu Zhang, and Ming Ming Xu. "Study on Alginate Fiber Core-Spun Yarn by Friction Spinning." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 412–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.412.

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Alginate fibres are difficult to spin on the traditional ring spinning machine. Friction core-spun yarn which took alginate fibers as main wrapped fibers and cotton yarn as core yarn were developed on DREF-Ⅲ. The influence of main spinning technical parameters, such as spinning speed, friction roller speed and core yarn percentage, on the yarn performances was studied by means of orthogonal experiment and the optimized technical was put forward. The results showed that the overall performance of the core-spun yarn would be better as spinning speed of 100 m/min, friction roller speed of 4000r/min, core yarn percentage of 50% respectively.

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Choukourov, Andrei. "SOLUTION PLASMA PROCESSING OF NATURAL POLYMER-BASED MATERIALS." IZVESTIYA VYSSHIKH UCHEBNYKH ZAVEDENII KHIMIYA KHIMICHESKAYA TEKHNOLOGIYA 62, no. 7 (July 20, 2019): 4–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.6060/ivkkt.20196207.5995.

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Non-equilibrium low-temperature atmospheric pressure plasma is a highly reactive medium that allows for the ecofriendly modification of nature-derived materials. This work reviews the field of liquid phase plasma modification of polymer-based materials derived from natural sources. Types of solution plasma systems are considered with respect to the efficiency of the generation of active species, their transport to and interaction with macromolecules. Tunable modification of plants (birch, willow, bamboo and vine shoots; barley, rice and rapeseed straw; perennial grasses), algae, plant-derived by-products and wastes (sawdust, bast fibers, nutshells, seeds, peels, press-cake and pomace), plant-derived polymers (cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin, starch, sodium alginate) and animal-derived polymer-based materials (chitosan, collagen, gelatin) by solution plasma treatment is compared to conventional wet chemistry methods. Synthesis of nano-biocomposites with advanced functionalities is also considered. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

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Ribeiro, Iorrana Índira Dos Anjos, Renata Dos Santos Almeida, Daniel Navarro da Rocha, Marcelo Henrique Prado Da Silva, Fúlvio Borges Miguel, and Fabiana Paim Rosa. "Biocerâmicas e polímero para a regeneração de defeitos ósseos críticos." Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas 13, no. 3 (March 10, 2015): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v13i3.12934.

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Introdução: Um grande desafio para a medicina e para os pesquisadores da área de Bioengenharia Tecidual Óssea é desenvolver e aperfeiçoar técnicas e biomateriais que possam devolver a estrutura e funcionalidade do tecido ósseo em situações de perdas ósseas extensas. Objetivo: Avaliar a resposta tecidual após a implantação de biomateriais biocerâmicos: hidroxiapatita (HA) e compósitos, HA associado ao biovidro (Bv) ou ao alginato (alg). Metodologia: Uma amostra de 12 ratos da linhagem Wistar, machos adultos, foram utilizados e distribuídos para a composição de 4 grupos experimentais, avaliados no ponto biológico de 15 dias de pós-operatório: MHA – grupo com defeito preenchido com microesferas de HA; MHABv – grupo com defeito preenchido com microesferas de HA associada ao Bv; MHAalg – grupo com defeito preenchido com microesferas de HA associada ao alg; e Controle – defeito ósseo vazio sem implantação de biomaterial. Resultados: Os grupos MHA e MHAalg apresentaram uma neoformação óssea associada a borda óssea mais evidente que os grupos MHABv e Controle, estes últimos obtiveram uma neoformação restrita a borda do defeito. Em todos os grupos foi observada uma reação inflamatória crônica discreta, a qual nos grupos com implantação de biomaterial foi granulomatosa com a presença de células gigantes multinucleadas. Conclusão: Os biomateriais apresentaram-se como biocompatíveis e osteocondutores.

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Hariyadi, Dewi Melani, Noorma Rosita, and Fitria Nugrahaeni. "Formulation, Characteristic Evaluation, Stress Test and Effectiveness Study of Matrix Metalloproteinase-1 (MMP-1) Expression of Glutathione Loaded Alginate Microspheres and Gel." Pharmaceutical Sciences 24, no. 4 (December 30, 2018): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/ps.2018.44.

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Background: The present study aimed to formulate and evaluate the stability, characteristics and effectiveness of glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres through increased lipophilicity using surfactant with a Hydrophylic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) value equal to 7. The selection of glutathione as an antioxidant was based on its prominent role in maintaining intracellular redox balance. Alginate was used as the polymer, while calcium chloride constituted a cross-linking agent and Tween and Span were employed as surfactants. Methods: The study applied an ionotropic gelation-aerosolization method. Microspheres were characterized by their morphology, size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency and yield. Stress testing utilized a forced degradation method, while an effectiveness study of glutathione incorporated a Matrix Metalloproteinase I (MMP-1) parameter on mouse skin. Glutathione-microspheres, to which had been added surfactants with a HLB value equal to 7, were compared to those without surfactants. Results: Microspheres demonstrated both high yield and encapsulation efficiency. From the stability study conducted, it was evident that the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than glutathione with surfactant, but without microspheres. Similarly, the glutathione-microspheres with additional surfactant were more stable than the glutathione without surfactant. The in vivo effectivity showed lipophilic glutathione microspheres were able to decrease MMP-1 expression in the dermis tissue of mice. Conclusion: The results of freeze-dried glutathione-loaded alginate microspheres with surfactant with a HLB value equal to 7 can be utilized as potential glutathione delivery systems.

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Gaston, Ortiz, Belen Colavolpe Maria, and Alberto Edgardo. "Artificial spawn generation based on alginate encapsulated mycelium as inoculum for mushroom cultivation." African Journal of Biotechnology 16, no. 34 (August 23, 2017): 1776–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.5897/ajb2017.16065.

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Wariz, Rahmat, Nur Wahidah Asfar, and Abul Fauzi. "The toxicity of brown algae (Sargassum sp) extract to mice (Mus muscullus)." Journal of Dentomaxillofacial Science 1, no. 2 (August 31, 2016): 250. http://dx.doi.org/10.22208/jdmfs.1.2.2016.250-258.

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Indonesian is a country with very large and overflow marine biological resources. Utilization of seaweed has been developed and become a source of revenue for Indonesian who live in coastal areas with high potential for seaweed.The demand of seaweed in the world increases as increasing in the use of seaweed for various purposeamong others in the fields of industry, food, textile, paper, paints, cosmetics, medical and pharmaceutical field. Alginate is one of materials that commonly used in the field of dentistry as printed materials to create study models. Materials in the field of dentistry must be biocompatible to the oral cavity tissues. The materials should be stable, safe, comfortable, and certainly doesn’t have a toxicity character to the oral cavity tissues and other tissues in human body. The purpose of this study is to know the toxicity of extract brown algaeSargassum sp given orally to mice.The research perform experimental laboratory research type withexperimental post-tes-only control group design. The reseach samples applyfemales white mice (Mus muscullus). Research samples divided into 5 groups of 5 female mices for each treatment group. Treatment group 1 was given 500mg/kgBW doses of Sargassum sp, group 2 was given 1000mg/KgBW doses of Sargassum sp, group 3 was given 1500mg/KgBW doses of Sargassum sp, group 4 were 2000mg/KgBW doses of Sargassum sp, and a control group was given only dose of Na CMC. The result of this study isdose in humans are converted into 2000mg/KgBW in mice, is a doses that doesn’t cause the death of whole animals. Based of acute toxicity category, the extracts of Sargassum sp that obtained from Punaga Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi includes in the mild toxic.

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Mesias, Vince St, Anne Bernadette Agu, Precious Japheth Benablo, and David Penaloza Jr. "Preparation and Application of a Carboxymethylcellulose-Based Citric Acid-Crosslinked Coated Fertilizer System." Materials Science Forum 1009 (August 2020): 54–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1009.54.

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A carboxymethylcellulose-based encapsulant system for the controlled release of nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium (NPK) fertilizer was synthesized using alginate as a stabilizer, and citric acid as a crosslinking agent. Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, particle size analysis, zeta potential measurement, and scanning electron microscopy showed successful crosslinking, sufficient particle size and colloidal stability, as well as the topography of the formed particles. Fluorescence spectroscopy confirmed successful encapsulation of a model system, 8-anilino-1-napthalenesulfonic acid. Release behavior studies under various pH conditions showed that CMC/Alg NPK conformed to the standards of controlled release fertilizer with a maximum release rate of 50% over the span of 30 days.

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Balyura, Mariya, Evgeny Gelfgat, Monika Ehrhart-Bornstein, Barbara Ludwig, Zohar Gendler, Uriel Barkai, Baruch Zimerman, et al. "Transplantation of bovine adrenocortical cells encapsulated in alginate." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 8 (February 9, 2015): 2527–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1500242112.

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Current treatment options for adrenal insufficiency are limited to corticosteroid replacement therapies. However, hormone therapy does not replicate circadian rhythms and has unpleasant side effects especially due to the failure to restore normal function of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. Adrenal cell transplantation and the restoration of HPA axis function would be a feasible and useful therapeutic strategy for patients with adrenal insufficiency. We created a bioartificial adrenal with 3D cell culture conditions by encapsulation of bovine adrenocortical cells (BACs) in alginate (enBACs). We found that, compared with BACs in monolayer culture, encapsulation in alginate significantly increased the life span of BACs. Encapsulation also improved significantly both the capacity of adrenal cells for stable, long-term basal hormone release as well as the response to pituitary adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and hypothalamic luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LHRH) agonist, [D-Trp6]LHRH. The enBACs were transplanted into adrenalectomized, immunodeficient, and immunocompetent rats. Animals received enBACs intraperitoneally, under the kidney capsule (free cells or cells encapsulated in alginate slabs) or s.c. enclosed in oxygenating and immunoisolating βAir devices. Graft function was confirmed by the presence of cortisol in the plasma of rats. Both types of grafted encapsulated cells, explanted after 21–25 d, preserved their morphology and functional response to ACTH stimulation. In conclusion, transplantation of a bioartificial adrenal with xenogeneic cells may be a treatment option for patients with adrenocortical insufficiency and other stress-related disorders. Furthermore, this model provides a microenvironment that ensures 3D cell–cell interactions as a unique tool to investigate new insights into cell biology, differentiation, tissue organization, and homeostasis.

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Senturk Parreidt, Tugce, Martina Lindner, Isabell Rothkopf, Markus Schmid, and Kajetan Müller. "The Development of a Uniform Alginate-Based Coating for Cantaloupe and Strawberries and the Characterization of Water Barrier Properties." Foods 8, no. 6 (June 11, 2019): 203. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8060203.

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Water loss, gain or transfer results in a decline in the overall quality of food. The aim of this study was to form a uniform layer of sodium alginate-based edible coating (1.25% sodium alginate, 2% glycerol, 0.2% sunflower oil, 1% span 80, 0.2% tween 80, (w/w)) and investigate the effects on the water barrier characteristics of fresh-cut cantaloupe and strawberries. To this end, a uniform and continuous edible film formation was achieved (0.187 ± 0.076 mm and 0.235 ± 0.077 mm for cantaloupe and strawberries, respectively) with an additional immersion step into a calcium solution at the very beginning of the coating process. The coating application was effective in significantly reducing the water loss (%) of the cantaloupe pieces. However, no significant effect was observed in water vapor resistance results and weight change measurements in a climate chamber (80%→60% relative humidity (RH) at 10 °C). External packaging conditions (i.e., closed, perforated, and open) were not significantly effective on water activity (aw) values of cantaloupe, but were effective for strawberry values. In general, the coating application promoted the water loss of strawberry samples. Additionally, the water vapor transmission rate of stand-alone films was determined (2131 g·100 µm/(m2·d·bar) under constant environmental conditions (23 °C, 100%→50% RH) due to the ability to also evaluate the efficacy in ideal conditions.

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Roostika, Ika, Ireng Darwati, and Ika Mariska. "Regeneration of Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk): Axillary Bud Proliferation and Encapsulation." Jurnal AgroBiogen 2, no. 2 (August 5, 2016): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.21082/jbio.v2n2.2006.p68-73.

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Purwoceng (Pimpinella alpina KDS atau Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) merupakan tanaman obat asli Indonesia yang terancam punah. Akarnya dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai obat afrodisiak, diuretik, dan tonik. Teknik kultur in vitro merupakan teknologi alternatif yang dapat diterapkan untuk konservasi dan perbanyakan tanaman tersebut. Mikropropagasi telah dilakukan melalui jalur organogenesis dengan proliferasi tunas aksilar dan enkapsulasi. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan BB-Biogen, Bogor mulai tahun 2004 hingga 2005. Penelitian ini terbagi atas empat percobaan, yaitu (1) optimasi lingkungan tumbuh kultur, (2) optimasi formulasi media untuk proliferasi tunas aksilar dan enkapsulasi tunas aksilar, (3) induksi perakaran, dan (4) aklimatisasi. Kondisi lingkungan kultur yang optimum adalah di growth chamber dengan suhu 9oC dan intensitas cahaya 1000 lux. Formulasi media terbaik untuk proliferasi tunas aksilar adalah media DKW dengan penambahan BA 4 ppm dengan eksplan berupa tunas tanpa daun. Penggunaan arginin 100 ppm lebih baik daripada glutamin 100 ppm dan modifikasi vitamin (mioinositol 100 ppm dan thiamine-HCl 1 ppm). Pada media yang sama, pertumbuhan tunas aksilar terenkapsulasi juga paling baik dan tunas tersebut dapat menembus kapsul alginat setelah 4 minggu dalam periode in vitro (85%). Penggunaan NAA 1,0 ppm menginduksi perakaran paling cepat (40 hari) dengan persentase perakaran paling tinggi (100%). Vermikulit bertekstur kasar paling baik untuk aklimatisasi tunas aksilar terenkapsulasi sedangkan arang sekam paling baik untuk aklimatisasi planlet.

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21

Mallappa, Manjanna Kolammanahalli, Rajesh Kesarla, and Shivakumar Banakar. "Calcium Alginate-Neusilin US2 Nanocomposite Microbeads for Oral Sustained Drug Delivery of Poor Water Soluble Drug Aceclofenac Sodium." Journal of Drug Delivery 2015 (February 23, 2015): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/826981.

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The aim of the present study was to formulate and investigate the calcium alginate- (CA-) Neusilin US2 nanocomposite microbeads containing preconcentrate of aceclofenac sodium (ACF-Na) liquid microemulsion (L-ME) for enhancement of oral bioavailability. The preconcentrate L-ME is prepared by using Labrafac PG, Labrasol, and Span 80 as oil, surfactant, and cosurfactant, respectively. The solid CA nanocomposite microbeads of L-ME prepared by microemulsification internal gelation technique using sodium alginate (SA) gelling agent, Neusilin US2 as adsorbent, and calcium chloride as crosslinking agent. L-ME has good thermodynamic stability; globule size was found to be 32.4 nm with polydispersity index 0.219 and −6.32 mV zeta potential. No significant interactions of excipients, drug in the formulations observed by FT-IR, DSC and XPRD. The concentration of SA and Neusilin US2 influences the flow properties, mean particle size, mechanical strength, drug entrapment efficiency, and percentage of drug release. All the formulations show minimum drug release in simulated gastric fluid (SGF) pH 1.2 for initial 2 h, maximum drug release in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer solution (PBS) at 6 h, followed by sustaining in simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) of pH 7.4 up to 12 h. The interaction of SA with Neusilin US2 creates a thick thixotropic gel network structure which acts as barrier to control the release of drug in the alkaline pH environment. Neusilin US2 is a novel filler used to convert L-ME into solid nanocomposite microbeads to enhance dissolution rate of poor water soluble drugs sustaining the drug release for prolonged period of time.

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22

Shamsuri, Ahmad Adlie, and Siti Nurul Ain Md. Jamil. "Functional Properties of Biopolymer-Based Films Modified with Surfactants: A Brief Review." Processes 8, no. 9 (August 26, 2020): 1039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr8091039.

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An increase of environmental awareness recently has increased the interest of researchers in using of biopolymer-based films. The films have been prepared extensively by utilizing starch, carboxymethyl cellulose, chitosan, protein, gelatin, carrageenan, alginate, pectin, guar gum and pullulan. They are typically modified with surface-active agents (surfactants) such as glycerol monostearate, sucrose ester, sodium stearoyl lactate, sodium dodecyl sulfate, ethyl lauroyl arginate HCl, Span 20 to 80, Tween-20 to 80 and soy lecithin for improving the functional properties of the films. In this brief review, two types of biopolymer-based films that prepared through casting method were categorized, specifically solution- and emulsion-based films. The four types of surfactants, namely non-ionic, anionic, cationic and amphoteric surfactants that are regularly used to modify biopolymer-based films are also described. The functional properties of the films modified with different types of surfactants are briefly reviewed. This study enhances the attraction of researchers in biopolymer-based films and the improvement of new concepts in this niche area.

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Fonseca, Daniela F. S., João P. F. Carvalho, Verónica Bastos, Helena Oliveira, Catarina Moreirinha, Adelaide Almeida, Armando J. D. Silvestre, Carla Vilela, and Carmen S. R. Freire. "Antibacterial Multi-Layered Nanocellulose-Based Patches Loaded with Dexpanthenol for Wound Healing Applications." Nanomaterials 10, no. 12 (December 9, 2020): 2469. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10122469.

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Antibacterial multi-layered patches composed of an oxidized bacterial cellulose (OBC) membrane loaded with dexpanthenol (DEX) and coated with several chitosan (CH) and alginate (ALG) layers were fabricated by spin-assisted layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly. Four patches with a distinct number of layers (5, 11, 17, and 21) were prepared. These nanostructured multi-layered patches reveal a thermal stability up to 200 °C, high mechanical performance (Young’s modulus ≥ 4 GPa), and good moisture-uptake capacity (240–250%). Moreover, they inhibited the growth of the skin pathogen Staphylococcus aureus (3.2–log CFU mL−1 reduction) and were non-cytotoxic to human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells). The in vitro release profile of DEX was prolonged with the increasing number of layers, and the time-dependent data imply a diffusion/swelling-controlled drug release mechanism. In addition, the in vitro wound healing assay demonstrated a good cell migration capacity, headed to a complete gap closure after 24 h. These results certify the potential of these multi-layered polysaccharides-based patches toward their application in wound healing.

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Carreras, Pilar, Itziar González, Miguel Gallardo, Alejandra Ortiz-Ruiz, Maria Luz Morales, Jessica Encinas, and Joaquín Martínez-López. "Long-Term Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Culture in Microdroplets." Micromachines 12, no. 1 (January 16, 2021): 90. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi12010090.

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We previously reported a new approach for micromanipulation and encapsulation of human stem cells using a droplet-based microfluidic device. This approach demonstrated the possibility of encapsulating and culturing difficult-to-preserve primary human hematopoietic stem cells using an engineered double-layered bead composed by an inner layer of alginate and an outer layer of Puramatrix. We also demonstrated the maintenance and expansion of Multiple Myeloma cells in this construction. Here, the presented microfluidic technique is applied to construct a 3D biomimetic model to recapitulate the human hematopoietic stem cell niche using double-layered hydrogel beads cultured in 10% FBS culture medium. In this model, the long-term maintenance of the number of cells and expansion of hHSCS encapsulated in the proposed structures was observed. Additionally, a phenotypic characterization of the human hematopoietic stem cells generated in the presented biomimetic model was performed in order to assess their long-term stemness maintenance. Results indicate that the ex vivo cultured human CD34+ cells from bone marrow were viable, maintained, and expanded over a time span of eight weeks. This novel long-term stem cell culture methodology could represent a novel breakthrough to improve Hematopoietic Progenitor cell Transplant (HPT) as well as a novel tool for further study of the biochemical and biophysical factors influencing stem cell behavior. This technology opens a myriad of new applications as a universal stem cell niche model potentially able to expand other types of cells.

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25

Argila, Carlos Martín de, Mercedes Ricote Belinchón, and Agustín Albillos Martínez. "Primary Care Practitioners’ Views on the Use of Proton Pump Inhibitors Associated with Alginate-Antacids for Better Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Symptom Control: Results of a National Survey in Spain." Open Journal of Gastroenterology 04, no. 10 (2014): 335–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojgas.2014.410048.

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26

Ivanov, L. V., E. V. Shcherbak, and N. T. Kartel. "Evaluation of the of a numder of natural and modified polysaccharides on the microviscosity of rat erythrocyte membranes using the spin probe method." Surface 12(27) (December 30, 2020): 327–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/surface.2020.12.327.

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Based on the pharmacokinetics of nitazole, proprietary oral administration of the rabbit analyzes various aspects of its use as auxiliary substances in the preparation of dosage forms with controlled absorption of starch, carboxymethyl starch, dialdehyde starch, sodium alginate and chitosan. Our analysis of pharmacokinetic curves revealed a correlation between the presence and magnitude of the negative charge in the polymer of starch derivatives and an increase in the bioavailability of nitazole, the absorption rate estimated by tmax and from the equations describing the curves in the framework of the single-particle absorption model. It can be assumed that the change in the bioavailability of nitazole in the presence of starch derivatives is associated with the ion-ion or ion-dipole interaction of the positively charged imine group of nitazole and negatively charged groups of starch derivatives. Obviously, in the mechanism of absorption of nitazole, the limiting stage is the stage of dissolution of nitazole in the stomach.Since the absorption of nitazole may also depend on the microviscosity of the membranes of the cells of the walls of the stomach, the effect of the above polysaccharides on the microviscosity of the membranes of red blood cells as model cells has been studied. However, the work revealed a noticeable effect of only chitosan on the microviscosity of erythrocyte membranes, in which there was some immobilization of the conformational mobility of the lipid bilayer of the cell membranes upon binding of the oppositely charged chitosan to the surface of the erythrocyte membranes. The remaining negatively charged polysaccharides did not significantly affect the microviscosity of the membranes, apparently due to the processes of electrostatic repulsion from red blood cell cells. The totality of the data obtained has expanded our knowledge about the mechanisms of the possible effect of high molecular weight polysaccharides on the bioavailability of various drugs when creating drugs with controlled absorption.

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27

Pennell, C. R. "Work on the Early Ottoman Period and Qaramanlis." Libyan Studies 20 (January 1989): 215–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900006713.

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Research on Libya during the first Ottoman and Qaramanli periods has been handicapped by the lack of a theme. Much work on these periods has been done to a large extent as spin-off from other research contingent on Libya, and new publications in European languages have been few. Their effect has been to cast a bright light on some corners of the subject, but the rest has been left in deep shadow. What follows is a summary of what has been done, together with some suggestions about where concerned research might be directed.A starting point for any research is bibliography. Bono (1982) provides a general guide to western sources on Libya which includes material on the period, while his earlier article (Bono 1979) concentrates on scarce published sources, some of which come from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries.Another problem facing researchers is access to contemporary material. There is an immense quantity of consular material in archives in Britian, France and in particular Italy, some of which has been used. Individual longer accounts have been published as well, particularly of manuscript sources.Among the most interesting manuscripts are the longer, coherent accounts of people who stayed in Tripoli for extended periods. The journals of Thomas Baker, the English Consul in Tripoli between 1677 and 1685, fall into this category, and are discussed below. The guidebook written in 1767 by Anthony Knecht, British Vice-Consul, gives considerable information about the diplomatic, political and economic life of the city (Pennell 1982).Another way of dealing with these extensive sources is to write commentaries on them. In the first issue of Libyan Studies the works of James Bruce, the Scottish eighteenth century traveller, were discussed (Cumming 1970). This is also the approach adopted by ‘Imad al-Din Ghanim (1982), in his article in Arabic about an anonymous French account, translated into German in 1708 (Allerneuster Zustand der Afrikanischen Konigreiche Tripoli, Tunis and Algier, von einem gelehrten Jesuiten bey verricheter Skavelosung, Hamburg 1708).

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28

Alam, AHM Zahirul. "Editorial." IIUM Engineering Journal 19, no. 1 (June 1, 2018): i—iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i1.917.

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IIUM ENGINEERING JOURNAL CHIEF EDITOR Ahmad Faris Ismail, IIUM, Malaysia TECHNICAL EDITOR Erry Yulian Triblas Adesta, IIUM, Malaysia EXECUTIVE EDITOR AHM Zahirul Alam, IIUM, Malaysia ASSOCIATE EDITOR Anis Nurashikin Nordin, IIUM, Malaysia LANGUAGE EDITOR Lynn Mason, Malaysia COPY EDITOR Hamzah Mohd. Salleh, IIUM, Malaysia EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS Abdullah Al-Mamun, IIUM, Malaysia Abdumalik Rakhimov, IIUM, Malaysia Amir Akramin Shafie, IIUM, Malaysia Erwin Sulaeman, IIUM, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hazleen Anuar, IIUM, Malaysia Konstantin Khanin, University of Toronto, Canada Ma'an Al-Khatib, IIUM, Malaysia Md Zahangir Alam, IIUM, Malaysia Meftah Hrairi, IIUM, Malaysia Mohamed B. Trabia, United States Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States Muataz Hazza Faizi Al Hazza, IIUM, Malaysia Mustafizur Rahman, National University Singapore, Singapore Nor Farahidah Binti Za'bah, IIUM, Malaysia Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States Rosminazuin AB. Rahim, IIUM, Malaysia Waqar Asrar, IIUM, Malaysia AIMS & SCOPE OF IIUMENGINEERING JOURNAL The IIUM Engineering Journal, published biannually, is a carefully refereed international publication of International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM). Contributions of high technical merit within the span of engineering disciplines; covering the main areas of engineering: Electrical and Computer Engineering; Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering; Automation and Mechatronics Engineering; Material and Chemical Engineering; Environmental and Civil Engineering; Biotechnology and Bioengineering; Engineering Mathematics and Physics; and Computer Science and Information Technology are considered for publication in this journal. Contributions from other areas of Engineering and Applied Science are also welcomed. The IIUM Engineering Journal publishes contributions under Regular papers, Invited review papers, Short communications, Technical notes, and Letters to the editor (no page charge). Book reviews, reports of and/or call for papers of conferences, symposia and meetings, and advances in research equipment could also be published in IIUM Engineering Journal with minimum charges. REFEREESâ€™ NETWORK All papers submitted to IIUM Engineering Journal will be subjected to a rigorous reviewing process through a worldwide network of specialized and competent referees. Each accepted paper should have at least two positive refereesâ€™ assessments. SUBMISSION OF A MANUSCRIPT <![if !vml]><![endif]>A manuscript should be submitted online to the IIUM-Engineering Journal website: http://journals.iium.edu.my/ejournal. Further correspondence on the status of the paper could be done through the journal website and the e-mail addresses of the Executive Editor: zahirulalam@iium.edu.my Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jan Gombak, 53100, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Phone: (603) 6196 4529, Fax:(603) 6196 4488. INTERNATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE A. Anwar, United States Abdul Latif Bin Ahmad, Malaysia Farzad Ismail, USM, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia Hanafy Omar, Saudi Arabia Hany Ammar, United States Idris Mohammed Bugaje, Nigeria K.B. Ramachandran, India Kunzu Abdella, Canada Luis Le Moyne, ISAT, University of Burgundy, France M Mujtaba, United Kingdom Mohamed AI-Rubei, Ireland Mohamed B Trabia, United States Mohammad S. Alam, Texas A&M University-Kingsville, United States Nazmul Karim Ossama Abdulkhalik, Michigan Technological University, United States Razi Nalim, IUPUI, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States Syed Kamrul Islam, United States Tibor Czigany, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Hungary Yiu-Wing Mai, The University of Sydney, Australia. Published by: IIUM Press, International Islamic University Malaysia Jalan Gombak, 53100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia Phone (+603) 6196-5014, Fax: (+603) 6196-6298 Website: http://iiumpress.iium.edu.my/bookshop Whilst every effort is made by the publisher and editorial board to see that no inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement appears in this Journal, they wish to make it clear that the data and opinions appearing in the articles and advertisement herein are the responsibility of the contributor or advertiser concerned. Accordingly, the publisher and the editorial committee accept no liability whatsoever for the consequence of any such inaccurate or misleading data, opinion or statement. IIUM Engineering Journal ISSN: 1511-788X E-ISSN: 2289-7860 Volume 19, Issue 1, June 2018 https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v19i1 Table of Content CHEMICAL AND BIOTECHNOLOGY ENGINEERING ADSORPTION OF HEAVY METALS AND RESIDUAL OIL FROM PALM OIL MILL EFFLUENT USING A NOVEL ADSORBENT OF ALGINATE AND MANGROVE COMPOSITE BEADS COATED WITH CHITOSAN IN A PACKED BED COLUMN... 1 Rana Jaafar Jawad, Mohd Halim Shah Ismail, Shamsul Izhar Siajam INVESTIGATION OF BIOFLOCCULANT AS DEWATERING AID IN SLUDGE TREATMENT........................................ 15 Mohammed Saedi Jami, Maizirwan Mel, Aysha Ralliya Mohd Ariff, Qabas Marwan Abdulazeez HYDROGEN PRODUCTION FROM ETHANOL DRY REFORMING OVER LANTHANIA-PROMOTED CO/AL2O3 CATALYST............................. 24 Fahim Fayaz, Nguyen Thi Anh Nga, Thong Le Minh Pham, Huong Thi Danh, Bawadi Abdullah, Herma Dina Setiabudi, Dai-Viet Nguyen Vo OPTIMIZATION OF RED PIGMENT PRODUCTION BY MONASCUS PURPUREUS FTC 5356 USING RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY......................................................... 34 Nor Farhana Hamid And Farhan Mohd Said PRODUCTION AND STABILITY OF MYCO-FLOCCULANTS FROM LENTINUS SQUARROSULUS RWF5 AND SIMPLICILLIUM OBCLAVATUM RWF6 FOR REDUCTION OF WATER TURBIDITY.............................................................................. 48 Nessa Jebun, Md. Zahangir Alam, Abdullah Al-Mamun, Raha Ahmad Raus ROLE OF SUBSTRATE BINDING ON THE PROTEIN DYNAMICS OF AN ENDOGLUCANASE FROM FUSARIUM OXYSPORUM AT DIFFERENT TEMPERATURES .............................................................307 Abdul Aziz Ahmad, Ibrahim Ali Noorbatcha, Hamzah Mohd. Salleh CIVIL AND ENVIRONMENTAL ENGINEERING DIMINISHING SEISMIC EFFECT ON BUILDINGS USING BEARING ISOLATION....................................................... 59 A. B. M. Saiful Islam ELECTRICAL, COMPUTER AND COMMUNICATIONS ENGINEERING A DISTRIBUTED ENERGY EFFICIENT CLUSTERING ALGORITHM FOR DATA AGGREGATION IN WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS.................................................................................. 72 Seyed Mohammad Bagher Musavi Shirazi, Maryam Sabet, Mohammad Reza Pajoohan POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT WITH CASCADED MULTILEVEL CONVERTER BASED STATCOM................. 91 Mahdi Heidari, Abdonnabi Kovsarian, S. Ghodratollah Seifossadat THE EFFECTS OF CABLE CHARACTERISTICS ON MAXIMUM OVERVOLTAGE IN COMBINED OVERHEAD/CABLE LINES PROTECTED BY SURGE ARRESTERS.............................................................................. 104 Reza Alizadeh, Mohammad Mirzaie SMART PORTABLE CRYOTHERAPY SYSTEM REPHRASED I.E. WITH CONTROLLED THERMOELECTRIC COOLING MODULES FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS................................................................................................ 117 Abbas Rahmani, Reza Hassanzadeh Pack Rezaee, Naser Kordani STATIC PIPELINE NETWORK PERFORMANCE OPTIMISATION USING DUAL INTERLEAVE ROUTING ALGORITHM 129 Siva Kumar Subramaniam1, Shariq Mahmood Khan, Anhar Titik, Rajagopal Nilavalan A MODIFIED MODEL BASED ON FLOWER POLLINATION ALGORITHM AND K-NEAREST NEIGHBOR FOR DIAGNOSING DISEASES........................................................................ 144 Mehdi Zekriyapanah Gashti A SINGLE LC TANK BASED ACTIVE VOLTAGE BALANCING CIRCUIT FOR BATTERY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM .158 A K M Ahasan Habib, S. M. A. Motakabber, Muhammad Ibn. Ibrahimy, A. H. M. Zahirul Alam ENGINEERING MATHEMATICS AND APPLIED SCIENCE ON THE CONTROL OF HEAT CONDUCTION.......................................... 168 Fayziev Yusuf Ergashevich MATERIALS AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING GREEN SYNTHESIS OF SILVER NANOPARTICLES USING SAGO (METROXYLON SAGU) VIA AUTOCLAVING METHOD......178 Aliyah Jamaludin, Che Ku Mohammad Faizal EFFECT OF ALKALINE TREATMENT ON PROPERTIES OF RATTAN WASTE AND FABRICATED BINDERLESS PARTICLEBOARD....185 Zuraida Ahmad, Maisarah Tajuddin, Nurul Farhana Fatin Salim, Zahurin Halim AMORPHOUS STRUCTURE IN CU-ZN-V-AL OXIDE COMPOSITE CATALYST FOR METHANOL REFORMING..... 197 Mohd Sabri Mahmud, Zahira Yaakob, Abu Bakar Mohamad, Wan Ramli Wan Daud, Vo Nguyen Dai Viet PERFORMANCE OF ELECTRICAL DISCHARGE MACHINING (EDM) WITH NICKEL ADDED DIELECTRIC FLUID....215 Ahsan Ali Khan, Muataz Hazza Faizi Al Hazza, A K M Mohiuddin, Nurfatihah Abdul Fattah, Mohd Radzi Che Daud ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION OF DURIAN SKIN NANOFIBRE BIOCOMPOSITE.......................................... 233 Siti Nur Eâ€™zzati Mohd Apandi, Hazleen Anuar, Siti Munirah Salimah Abdul Rashid MECHANICAL AND AEROSPACE ENGINEERING A REVIEW ON RHEOLOGY OF NON-NEWTONIAN PROPERTIES OF BLOOD....................................................... 237 Esmaeel Fatahian, Naser Kordani, Hossein Fatahian NUMERICAL STUDY OF THERMAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FUEL OIL-ALUMINA AND WATER-.......................... 250 Hossein Fatahian, Hesamoddin Salarian, Majid Eshagh Nimvari, Esmaeel Fatahian A PARAMETRIC STUDY ON CONTROL OF FLOW SEPARATION OVER AN AIRFOIL IN INCOMPRESSIBLE REGIME....270 Lakshmanan Prabhu, Jonnalagadda Srinivas OPTIMIZATION OF BOX TYPE GIRDER WITH AND WITHOUT INDUSTRIAL CONSTRAINTS................................ 289 Muhammad Abid, Shahbaz Mahmood Khan, Hafiz Abdul Wajid

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Moreira, Ana Cristina Azevedo, and José Flávio Wanderley Cruz. "Efetividade da clorexidina incorporada a hidrocolóide irreversível." Revista de Ciências Médicas e Biológicas 4, no. 2 (January 2, 2005). http://dx.doi.org/10.9771/cmbio.v4i2.4182.

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É importante prevenir a ocorrência de infecção cruzada entre o consultório odontológico e o laboratório de prótese, veiculada através de moldes contaminados. A literatura recomenda a utilização de substâncias para a desinfecção de moldes e modelos. Produtos para a moldagem contendo clorexidina em sua fórmula estão disponíveis no mercado. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a atividade antibacteriana de hidrocolóides irreversíveis (alginato) que contêm clorexidina, em amostras de saliva. Foram feitos testes de difusão do discodealginato em agar BHI e eluição do disco em caldo BHI, utilizando-se amostras de alginato com e sem clorexidina e saliva. Observou-se a formação de halo de inibição de crescimento bacteriano e ausência de turvação nos tubos-teste com alginato com clorexidina, confirmando a atividade antibacteriana do produto. Nos controles com alginato sem clorexidina, não houve halo de inibição de crescimento ou ausência de turvação. Os resultados evidenciaram inibição do crescimento de bactérias da saliva pelo alginato com clorexidina, o que pode constituir-se em opção para o controle da infecção cruzada em consultórios odontológicos e laboratórios de prótese.

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30

Marañón-Ruiz, Virginia-Francisca. "Removal of Direct dyes with Alginic acid." Journal of the Mexican Chemical Society 59, no. 3 (October 12, 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.29356/jmcs.v59i3.38.

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The interaction of Alginic acid with three direct dyes (Direct blue 1, Direct red 81, and Direct black 22) was studied. It was found that as a result of this interaction formation of adducts after addition of calcium ion, facilitates their removal from aqueous solution. Our results suggest a relationship among physico-chemical properties of each dye and its removal efficiency. The main mechanisms involved in dye removal are electrostatic interactions, hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions.

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31

Vakili, Nasim, and Azadeh Asefnejad. "Titanium coating: introducing an antibacterial and bioactive chitosan-alginate film on titanium by spin coating." Biomedical Engineering / Biomedizinische Technik, April 24, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/bmt-2018-0108.

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AbstractCoating of titanium (Ti) implants with biocompatible polymers were performed to improve bone healing. In this study, pure Ti implants were coated via chitosan and alginate by spin coating method at 1000, 4000, and 8000 rpm. The coating layer was cross-linked by calcium chloride. Their chemical structures were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) evaluations. The morphology of the created coating was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the best uniformity was observed in the prepared coating at 8000 rpm (6093× g) spinal speed. The adhesion strength of the coating layer on the substrate was evaluated by the adhesion pull-off test. Also, the best adhesion strength was achieved at an 8000 rpm (6093× g) coating rate. Bioactivity of the chitosan-alginate coating on Ti sheets was evaluated by soaking the samples in a simulated body fluid (SBF) solution. The apatite formation on prepared Ti sheets was investigated by SEM, XRD, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). A higher mineralization appeared on coated samples compared with pure Ti. The antibacterial behavior of the implants was analyzed by bacterial counting against Escherichia coli. The presence of chitosan and alginate on the Ti sheets resulted in a better antibacterial effect. In-vitro experiments, with L929 fibroblast cells, confirmed the biocompatibility of the implants. Coating the Ti implants with chitosan and alginate improved biomineralization and biological behavior of the implant especially at the spinal speed of 8000 rpm (6093× g). These implants can support osteoblast cell adhesion and facilitate bone regeneration.

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Purwantiningsih, Purwantiningsih, Napthaleni ,, Mersi Kurniati, and Tuti Wukirsari. "ENKAPSULASI KETOPROFEN DENGAN KITOSAN-ALGINAT BERDASARKAN JENIS DAN RAGAM KONSENTRASI TWEEN 80 DAN SPAN 80." MAKARA of Science Series 14, no. 2 (June 22, 2011). http://dx.doi.org/10.7454/mss.v14i2.678.

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33

Kiełkowska, Agnieszka, та Adela Adamus. "Early studies on the effect of peptide growth factor phytosulfokine-α on Brassica oleracea var. capitata L. protoplasts". Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 86, № 3 (14 вересня 2017). http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.3558.

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Phytosulfokines (PSK) are peptidyl growth factors with the potential of inducing cell proliferation. We examined the effect of supplementation of liquid culture medium with 0.1 µM phytosulfokine-α (PSK-α) on protoplast viability and division frequencies in seven accessions of Brassica oleracea var. capitata L., including cultivars and breeding lines. Protoplasts were isolated from leaves and hypocotyls of in vitro grown plants and immobilized in calcium-alginate layers. Cabbage protoplast-derived cells cultured in medium supplemented with 0.1 µM of PSK-α had higher viability and division frequencies compared to cells cultured in PSK-α-free control medium. The effect of PSK-α was more pronounced in low-responding accessions (‘Sława z Gołębiewa’, ‘Ramkila F1’, LM, and LM98); however, in two cultivars with very low response (‘Badger Shipper’ and ‘Oregon 123’), although the division frequencies in the media supplemented with PSK-α were increased over the control, the differences were not significant. Obtained callus colonies were subjected to regeneration. PSK-α supplemented into the liquid culture medium had an indirect effect on shoot regeneration by inducing sustained cell divisions leading to an increase in shoot regeneration in Sława z Gołębiewa and both breeding lines.

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Dey, Krishna Kishor, Shovanlal Gayen, and Manasi Ghosh. "Structure and dynamics of sodium alginate as elucidated by chemical shift anisotropy and site-specific spin–lattice relaxation time measurements." European Biophysics Journal, July 12, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00249-021-01559-9.

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"Box Type Minor Bridge- As a Sustainable Option Over Small Rivers in Alluvial Region." International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9, no. 1 (October 30, 2019): 4943–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.35940/ijeat.a2085.109119.

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Since time immemorial, mankind has been using various techniques to cross the rivers, streams or any depression without closing or obstructing the original flow through a structure called bridge. With the span of time and advancements in civil engineering, several types of bridges have come into existence like wooden, steel, masonry arches, RCC and prestressed concrete bridges. Indian Roads Congress categorizes three types of the bridges on the basis of length i.e. culverts up to 6.0 m, minor bridges above 6.0 m to maximum 60.0 m length and major bridges above 60.0 m. In present scenario, minor bridges over small rivers has become necessary for development and prosperity of nation as most of the roads have to cross small rivers at several places to connect remotest corner of the country. Bridges, though a man made structure, over a period of time become an important part of environment because in most of the cases water flowing below is used for drinking, irrigation and underground recharging. The alluvial region of India spread from Punjab to West Bengal has a peculiar nature because soil is almost soft in nature consisting of mainly sand, clay and silt which is fertile for vegetation. Water retention and its movement condition are high throughout the year. Several type of water bodies which exists in this type of region are pond, small drain, small and medium rivers which drains into the big rivers like Ganga, Yamuna, Ghahgra, Gomti and Sai etc. Since long time, road system on the earthen track and pucca road has been introduced for traffic like chart, chariot and motorised vehicle. There were little number of bridges over major rivers i.e. bridge alone to cross over the river Ganga except in few places like Allahabad, Kanpur and Varanasi and over the Ghaghra Algine bridge, Maghighat, Bhatni. Some bridges were constructed over small and medium rivers in medieval period by local rulers and business men which have now become obsolete. It is found that most of the bridges are of masonry arches wooden and trusses having insufficient water and carriage way. After independence, the road network system has been improved to meet out socio economic needs of people. The new bridges have been constructed with standard road width and sufficient water way. Study has been conducted for existing new constructed bridge system over small river and alluvial region of Uttar Pradesh to set guidance for future course of action in replacing and providing new bridges to optimize the needs of the people. Bridge system being provided over small & minor rivers for the road network for new and replacement of older bridge at different site is varying from place to place. For this purpose, study has been conducted for sustainable option of minor bridges over small rivers discharge upto 300 m3/s. It is found that the box type minor bridges are best option on small & minor rivers.

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