Дисертації з теми "Analyse des isotope stables"
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Morin, Samuel. "Analyse de la composition isotopique de l'ion nitrate dans la basse atmosphère polaire et marine." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00326229.
Повний текст джерелаDAY, MARTIN. "Etude de la caracterisation de l'origine geographique des mouts et des vins par analyse conjointe de la composition en isotopes stables et en elements mineraux." Nantes, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NANT2024.
Повний текст джерелаLeroy-Dos, Santos Christophe. "Variabilité du cycle hydrologique atmosphérique en régions polaires à partir de mesures des isotopes stables de l'eau dans la vapeur, les précipitations et les carottes de névé." Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASJ006.
Повний текст джерелаIn a global warming context, understanding the evolution of sea level rise is a major challenge. It is key to estimate the evolution of the atmospheric hydrological cycle in the polar regions, which directly influences the surface mass balance of the Arctic and Antarctic ice caps (the two largest freshwater reservoirs on the planet). Records are available from satellite data for the last 50 years and a few rare weather data since the 50's in Antarctica, but these records are too short to study the patterns of interannual variability and the difference between anthropogenic and natural signals. One of the best ways to access longer records is to use climate proxies in snow cores. The water isotopic composition in these cores is widely used to reconstruct past temperature variations. However, the link between temperature and isotopic composition is not very well constrained because many other parameters influence the isotopic composition of snow at the time of its formation (i.e. temperature, altitude, humidity, origin of the air mass) or after snow deposition on the surface (i.e. atmosphere-snow exchange, signal scattering, sublimation of surface snow).The objective of this thesis is to better understand the atmospheric hydrological cycle and its influence on the isotopic composition of vapour and precipitation in polar regions with the idea of improving the interpretation of snow core records in these regions. This work is divided into 3 parts.Firstly, we developed a technical solution to meet the challenge of measuring the vapor isotopic composition all year round in polar regions. Indeed, winter being very dry in these regions (down to 10 ppmv at Dome C in winter), the use of a Picarro laser analyzer is limited because it is very sensitive to humidity variations below 2000 ppmv. Winter is a key season in the polar regions as it is associated with significant climate variability due to numerous synoptic events. During this thesis, the fabrication of 2 prototypes of low humidity level generator (LHLG) allowed the calibration of the Picarro analyzers over a range of 200 to 2500 ppmv.Then, I analyzed the longest series of vapor and precipitation isotopic composition measurements ever performed in a polar region: 4.5 years continuously at 78°N in Svalbard. I showed that the water isotopic composition at this measurement site was unsignificantly influenced by local processes. Thanks to this, I was able to attribute the observed winter variability to synoptic events and thus assign a different isotopic signature to the air masses according to their origin (North Atlantic or Arctic).Finally, I installed the new calibration instrument (LHLG) built at the beginning of my PhD at Dumont D'Urville (DDU), on the coast in Terre Adélie. Thanks to this, the first continuous measurement campaign of the vapor isotopic composition at DDU initiated in January 2019 is still ongoing. I present here the first 22 months of this new record. This unique series makes possible to document the isotopic signature of the atmospheric hydrological cycle in Terre Adélie all year round. I have studied the influence of katabatic winds, sea ice and atmospheric rivers on the signal recorded in the vapor. These preliminary results open perspectives for the interpretation of recently drilled cores from the ASUMA program
Schäuble, Annette. "Stadt - Land - Meer Ernährungsrekonstruktion dreier mittelalterlicher Bevölkerungen anhand der Analyse stabiler Isotope und Spurenelemente." Saarbrücken VDM Verlag Dr. Müller, 2005. http://d-nb.info/988702630/04.
Повний текст джерелаTran, Thi Nhu Trang. "Analyses mutli-isotopiques (¹³C/¹²C, ²H/¹H) par spectrométrie de masse des rapports isotopiques et analyse énantio-sélective : application aux arômes pour le contrôle de l'authenticité des produits alimentaires et pharmaceutiques." Lyon 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006LYO10152.
Повний текст джерелаCresson, Pierre. "Fonctionnement trophique des récifs artificiels de la baie du Prado (Marseille, France) : Origine et devenir de la matière organique." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM4017.
Повний текст джерелаArtificial reefs are a classical tool used to sustain small scale fisheries. In Marseille's Bay, the largest Mediterranean artificial reef system was deployed for this purpose. This system is a valuable opportunity to better understand the trophic functioning of artificial reefs, by (1) characterizing the organic matter (OM) sources, (2) determining how they are used by low trophic level consumers and (3) following their fate in the trophic networks. These issues were assessed by three approaches:C and N stable isotope ratios, biochemical composition of OM sources and fish stomach content.OM sources display isotopic and biochemical differences reflecting their functioning. Suspended POM is variable, under the influence of allochtonous inputs and controlled by climatic forcing. POM represents the main OM source of the artificial reef food webs. The benthic primary production has heterogeneous C and N stable isotope ratios and exhibits mainly high insoluble carbohydrates contents. Benthic primary production is integrated into trophic networks mainly in the form of detritus. Eventually the sediment organic matter is a detrital pool, characterized by a low variability and a poor nutritional quality.Artificial reefs do modify the organization and the functioning of natural fish communities, and provide diversified and important food resources. Stable isotope and stomach content analyses confirm the consumption of artificial reef invertebrates by small carnivorous fishes, preyed themselves by piscivorous predators. All these results confirm that artificial reefs can efficiently increase fish biomass by local production based on phytoplanktonic and local benthic OM sources
Rigaudier, Thomas. "Analyse isotopique des inclusions fluides des matériaux de la croûte terrestre : caractérisation des sources des fluides et reconstitutions paléoclimatiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00733643.
Повний текст джерелаKERR, ROBERT. "L'utilisation des isotopes stables dans les etude des transformations metaboliques : application aux orthomethoxybenzamides." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STR1D173.
Повний текст джерелаNeuberger, Ferdinand M. "Serielle Analyse stabiler Isotope an Haarkeratin zur post mortem Rekonstruktion von Lebenslaufparametern in forensisch relevanten Fällen von Unterernährung." Diss., Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-159798.
Повний текст джерелаPerga, Marie-Elodie. "Origines et flux de carbone en lacs : étude par analyse de la composition en isotopes stables du carbone et de l'azote du zooplancton et des poissons." Chambéry, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004CHAMS031.
Повний текст джерелаFish communities occupy the top of food chains. How fish obtain their constitutive carbon depends consequently of all the carbon pathways at the downer levels of the food web. This trophic position confers to fish a potential role of integrators of the underlying processes, at the ecosystem scale. Moreover, stable isotopes composition of an organism depends on all the pathways that transfer carbon up to this organism. Consequently, we wondered in what extent the stable isotopes composition of fish could be a proxy of the trophic functioning of lakes. To address this assumption, whitefish, Coregonus lavaretus, a zooplanktivorous salmonid common in alpine lake, was, in a first time, used as biological model. A preliminary study had revealed the stable isotope composition of whitefish was quite variable among alpine lakes. According to our idea, this variability mirrors differences in the carbon pathways of the food web of these lakes. To understand what was reflected by this variability, we studied initially in what extent it resulted from intrinsic factors (such as lake size or trophic status). This study has then lead us to deepen the role played by the zooplankton compartment in carbon pathways up to Whitefish. In the final stage of this first part, the isotopic composition of whitefish appeared as a proxy for lake trophic functioning. Changes in environmental factors can alter carbon pathways in food webs. If fish are efficient integrators of carbon pathways, impacts of perturbations should be mirrored on their isotopic compositions. Impacts of two anthropogenic perturbations of stable isotope composition of fish were then evaluated : the first one relates to eutrophication - restoration of two alpine lakes, the second one to water levels changes in two Malian reservoirs. Results from these two studies reveal that major changes, ensuing from these perturbation, in carbon origins and fluxes within lake food webs are recorded in the isotopic history of fish communities
Nilsson, Lino. "Nitrogen transformations at the Kiruna mine : The use of stable nitrogen isotopes to trace nitrogen-transforming processes." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Luft-, vatten och landskapslära, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-209419.
Повний текст джерелаDessier, Aurélie. "Analyse du compartiment mésozooplanctonique et écologie alimentaire printanière de la sardine, Sardina pilchardus (Walbaum, 1782), et de l’anchois, Engraulis encrasicolus (Linné, 1758) adultes dans le Golfe de Gascogne." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LAROS036/document.
Повний текст джерелаDietary studies of marine species constitute an important key to improve the understanding of its biology and of its role in the ecosystem. Thus, prey-predator relationships structure and determine population dynamics and the trophic network at the ecosystem scale. Among the major study sites, the marine ecosystem is submitted to natural and anthropogenic constraints. In the North-Eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean, the Bay of Biscay is a large open area surrounded South by Spain and East by France. This bay is an historic place of intense fishery activities for which the main small pelagic species targeted are the pilchard, Sardina pilchardus and the anchovy, Engraulis encrasicolus. The aim of this work is to analyze the trophic ecology of these two small pelagic fish in spring in the Bay of Biscay. To do this, a first section is devoted to their prey composed by the mesozooplanktonic compartment, through a two-fold approach: the characterization of their spatio-temporal dynamics during the decade 2003-2013 and the measurement of their energetic content in spring. For this season, it appears that all prey types are not worth energetically and that the Bay of Biscay represents a mosaic of dietary habitat. Moreover, the spring mesozooplankton community presents a strong spatial structuration, a temporal evolution marked by a major change in abundance and a control by the microphytoplankton biomass. The second section of this work is relative to a methodological approach of the trophic ecology of S. pilchardus and E. encrasicolus. Three different trophic tracers have been used: isotopic ratios of carbon and nitrogen, parasitological fauna and mercury contamination levels. To improve the use of the first of these trophic tracers, an experimental approach has been conducted with S. pilchardus to determine a trophic discrimination factor. Finally, it appears that the use of these three trophic tracers has always been permitted to highlight a temporal variability of the relative trophic ecology of these fish. However, no spatial dynamics could be identified through these three trophic tracers
Beghin, Laurent. "Etude du metabolisme des lipoproteines par l'utilisation des isotopes stables : effet d'une consommation moderee d'alcool ; analyse d'une reaction paradoxale au ciprofibrate (doctorat : sciences pharmaceutiques)." Lille 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998LIL2P259.
Повний текст джерелаTarits, Corinne. "Etude des variations de composition isotopique du carbone et de l'oxygène dans le domaine de la précipitation spontanée homogène du carbonate de calcium : modélisation du comportement isotopique du carbone dans ce domaine." Paris 5, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA05P617.
Повний текст джерелаLi, Tianlun. "Groupes microbiens fonctionnels impliqués dans la méthanisation de la cellulose et du méthanol : diversité, fonction et influence de la température." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112020.
Повний текст джерелаIn order to better understand functional communities of microbes catalyzing methanization of cellulose and methanol, samples from municipal solid waste anaerobic digester were incubated with 13C-cellulose, 13C-glucose, 13C-acetate and 13C-methanol under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Firstly, the functional diversity was characterized by coupling DNA stable isotope probing (SIP) to phylogenetic analysis. Totally 20 bacterial clone libraries (1251 sequences) and 19 archaeal clone libraries (1312 sequences) of 16S rRNA gene were obtained for both mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Then, specific FISH probes were designed and hybridized to confirm the presence in situ of pre-identified functional groups. Secondly, we studied the relationships between degradation kinetics, metabolic pathways and microbial functional diversity dynamics, using time-course DNA-SIP coupled to PCR-single strand conformation polymorphism. Thanks to the combination of these techniques on a series of functionally connected substrates, we shed light on the networks of uncultured microbes catalyzing the methanization of cellulose and methanol. Incubation temperature shaped the general microbial diversity while the added substrates played an important role on the functional diversity. Microorganisms affiliated with the genus Acetivibrio and the order Halanaerobiales were respectively the principal cellulose hydrolyzers under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions, whereas microorganisms affiliated with the family Porphyromonadaceae and the genus Clostridium were the main glucose fermenters. Besides, large amount of microorganisms affiliated with class Clostridia, but distantly related to any hitherto cultured strain, were identified as functional groups in all degradation experiments. Syntrophic oxidation of acetate was an important process in this ecosystem both under mesophilic and thermophilic conditions. Interestingly, our results suggest that Pseudomonas-related microorganisms were involved in this process under mesophilic conditions. A high functional versatility of microbial groups was evidenced under thermophilic conditions which could contribute to a more rapid and efficient cellulose degradation compared to mesophilic conditions. Finally, a new technique called SIMSISH was developed during this work providing the possibility to simultaneously visualize the microbial identity and measure the isotopic enrichment at the single cell level. Combined to SIP analysis, this technique might allow a decisive step forward for the study of the function of uncultured microbes within their environments
Polekh-Epova, Ekaterina. "Évaluation du Potentiel des Rapports Isotopiques Stables du Strontium et du Plomb pour l'Origine Géographique et l'Authenticité des Produits Alimentaires." Thesis, Pau, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PAUU3007/document.
Повний текст джерелаFood authenticity and traceability have received an increasing interest during the last decade since the knowledge of food provenance is regarded as an additional warranty of its quality. The world's globalization brought to the consumers is more and more concerned with the origin of the food they eat because various products are subjected to adulteration or false denomination. The augmentative interest in anti-fraud and consumer protection has led to the extension of scientific research and development of effective tools of food authenticity control. Among the analytical technics applied to food authenticity and traceability, one of the most rapidly developing and promising method is based on fingerprinting of heavy elements detected by atomic spectroscopy. The multicollection inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS) is recognized as a method of choice for the high precision measurement of numerous elements of the periodic table as well as ratios of their stable isotopes. This study present a new analytical strategy based on combined non-traditional stable isotopes and trace elements determination by ICP-MS. The benefits of combining information from two isotopic systems, one tracing the soil (Sr), and the other tracing environmental ambient pollution (Pb), allowed to obtain an exceptional new information about traceability and authenticity of selected food matrixes: prestigious Bordeaux wines, dry-cured hams and tea. Using complementary analytical techniques such as traditional elemental fingerprinting, the regional specification, as well as tracing of the food preparation process are possible. When combined with chemometrics, these analytical advances constitute an efficient and promising tool to detect food frauds, including adulteration of high value products with cheaper substitutes, forgery and falsification
Hoke, Nadja [Verfasser], and Albert [Akademischer Betreuer] Zink. "Evaluierung frühdiagenetischer Veränderungen an Knochenmaterial zur Validierung der Daten gewonnen aus der Analyse stabiler Isotope leichter Elemente / Nadja Hoke ; Betreuer: Albert Zink." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2017. http://d-nb.info/1132510791/34.
Повний текст джерелаHerreros, Julien. "Interprétations sur le dernier siècle du profil isotopique de l'eau dans deux carottes de glace andines (Coropuna, Pérou, 15°s et San Valentin, Chili, 46°s)." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20026/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work is focused on the analyses of two new isotopic records (d18O and dD) from Andean ice cores in the subtropics and temperate latitudes. The first 42 m-long ice core was extracted in 2003 from the saddle of Coropuna glacier in Peru (72°39'W, 15°32'S, 6425 m), and the second 122 m-long core in 2007 from the San Valentin summit in Chile (46°35'S, 73°19'W, 4032 m). The isotopic signals were investigated for their suitability as climate archives over the last century, covering the 42 m-long ice core from Coropuna and the first 70 meters of the core from San Valentin, in two different climatic regions. We observed that the isotopic records are affected by post-depositional processes. At the saddle of Coropuna, isotopic homogenization occurs below 3 m as a result of meltwater percolation and isotopic diffusion, and thus the climatic interpretation is not possible. At the San Valentin summit, removal and/or re-deposition of snow by strong winds occurring throughout the year may create a lack of one or more annual snow layers or, on the other hand, may cause unexpected deposits of several meters. Due to these potential conditions, we cannot always identify the annual isotopic cycles and the isotopes histories show no significant correlation with the climatic parameters because of an uncertain dating
Neuberger, Ferdinand M. [Verfasser], and Gisela [Akademischer Betreuer] Grupe. "Serielle Analyse stabiler Isotope an Haarkeratin zur post mortem Rekonstruktion von Lebenslaufparametern in forensisch relevanten Fällen von Unterernährung / Ferdinand M. Neuberger. Betreuer: Gisela Grupe." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1038152429/34.
Повний текст джерелаVaiglova, Petra. "Neolithic agricultural management in the Eastern Mediterranean : new insight from a multi-isotope approach." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2016. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:c8824136-da35-43b2-a700-f458d0cc2fdf.
Повний текст джерелаFromant, Aymeric. "The ecology and niche segregation of diving petrels." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2022. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03959129.
Повний текст джерелаExploring a species’ ecological niche entails investigating at multiple scales, as different environmental threats and niche constraints between intra-species levels may lead to important ecological and conservation consequences. However, the absence of precise information about small procellariiform species ecology has greatly limited ecological niche modelling studies, directly impacting our ability to delineate proper conservation planning. Technological advancements in the miniaturisation of data loggers have made it possible to collect ecological data of such species. In the present study, a multi-tooled approach was used to investigate the ecological niche of the common and the South-Georgian diving petrels. The primary objectives were to: 1) describe their foraging ecology during the breeding and non-breeding periods, and investigate their inter-annual variations; 2) determine the ecological differences between populations throughout the Southern Ocean; and 3) study the variations in their foraging ecology throughout the entire annual-cycle in the context of niche segregation between two sibling species. The results demonstrated that diving petrels exhibit remarkable flying abilities despite their high wing loading, foraging over large areas during the breeding season, and migrating several thousands of kilometres from their colony during the post-breeding period. These analyses revealed important ecological differences throughout the species distribution, particularly in terms of phenology and migration area. Collecting data over several years substantially strengthens results and provides valuable information to understand the variations and the limits of diving petrel ecological niches. Finally, a stage-dependent and context-dependent niche segregation analysis demonstrated the importance of a multi-tooled approach to better describe and understand the co-existence of ecologically similar species
Espinoza, Pepe. "Trophic dynamics in the northern Humboldt Current system : insights from stable isotopes and stomach content analyses." Thesis, Brest, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BRES0066/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe northern Humboldt Current system (NHCS) off Peru is one of the most productive world marine regions. It represents less than 0.1% of the world ocean surface but presently sustains about 10% of the world fish catch, with the Peruvian anchovy or anchoveta Engraulis ringens as emblematic fish resource. Compared with other eastern boundary upwelling systems, the higher fish productivity of the NHCS cannot be explained by a corresponding higher primary productivity. On another hand, the NHCS is the region where El Niño, and climate variability in general, is most notable. Also, surface oxygenated waters overlie an intense and extremely shallow Oxygen Minimum Zone (OMZ). In this context, the main objective of this study is to better understand the trophic flows in the NHCS using both stomach content and stable isotope analyses. The study focuses on a variety of organisms from low trophic levels such as zooplankton to top predators (seabirds and fur seals). The approach combines both long-term and specific studies on emblematic species such as anchoveta, and sardine Sardinops sagax and a more inclusive analysis considering the 'global' food web in the recent years (2008 –2012) using stable isotope analysis.Revisiting anchovy and sardine we show that whereas phytoplankton largely dominated anchoveta and sardine diets in terms of numerical abundance, the carbon content of prey items indicated that zooplankton was by far the most important dietary component. Indeed for anchovy euphausiids contributed 67.5% of dietary carbon, followed by copepods (26.3%).Selecting the largest prey, the euphausiids, provide an energetic advantage for anchoveta in its ecosystem where oxygen depletion imposes strong metabolic constrain to pelagic fish. Sardine feed on smaller zooplankton than do anchoveta, with sardine diet consisting of smaller copepods and fewer euphausiids than anchoveta diet. Hence, trophic competition between sardine and anchovy in the northern Humboldt Current system is minimized by their partitioning of the zooplankton food resource based on prey size, as has been reported in other systems.These results suggest an ecological role for pelagic fish that challenges previous understanding of their position in the foodweb (zooplanktophagous instead of phytophagous), the functioning and the trophic models of the NHCS.Finally to obtain a more comprehensive vision of the relative trophic position of NHCS main components we used stable isotope analyses. For that purpose we analyzed the δ13C and δ15N stable isotope values of thirteen taxonomic categories collected off Peru from 2008 - 2011, i.e., zooplankton, fish, squids and air-breathing top predators. The δ15N isotope signature was strongly impacted by the species, the body length and the latitude. Along the Peruvian coast, the OMZ get more intense and shallow south of ~7.5ºS impacting the baseline nitrogen stable isotopes. Employing a linear mixed-effects modelling approach taking into account the latitudinal and body length effects, we provide a new vision of the relative trophic position of key ecosystem components. Also we confirm stomach content-based results on anchoveta Engraulis ringens and highlight the potential remarkable importance of an often neglected ecosystem component, the squat lobster Pleuroncodes monodon. Indeed, our results support the hypothesis according to which this species forage to some extent on fish eggs and larvae and can thus predate on the first life stages of exploited species. However, the δ13C values of these two species suggest that anchoveta and squat lobster do not exactly share the same habitat. This would potentially reduce some direct competition and/or predation
Liénart, Camilla. "La matière organique particulaire dans les systèmes côtiers : composition, dynamique et forçages à l'échelle multi-systémique." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0255/document.
Повний текст джерелаPelagic coastal systems are characterized by multiple inputs of particulate organic matter (POM) from autochthonous (phytoplankton) and allochthonous (continental, benthic) origin whose spatial and temporal variability can be high. The aims of my PhD were to 1) quantify POM composition in pelagic coastal systems, 2) determine the forcings to its spatio-temporal dynamics and 3) investigate the link between bacteria and POM composition. This study was conducted on twelve systems (estuary, lagoon, bays, rias, littoral) distributed over the three maritime facades of France by combining the use of elemental and isotopic ratios (composition), fatty acids (POM-bacteria link) and multivariate analysis (forcings).At multi-systems and/or intra-system scale, two main gradients are observed:- an inshore (higher continental and benthic contribution) - offshore gradient (phytoplanktonic POM) mainly related to hydrodynamics and sedimentary hydrodynamics (river flow, resuspension of benthic material) and to the proximity to allochthonous sources- a South (POM related to diazotrophy) – North (absence of this POM) gradient, associated to the trophic status (oligo vs meso/eutrophy) of the studied systems.The seasonality of spatio-temporal dynamics of POM composition is highly variable depending on the station. It is in general higher near the coast and lower offshore and upstream in the studied estuary. This dynamic is also strongly associated to sedimentary hydrodynamics.Finally, this study highlight that bacterial biomass is mainly associated to continental and benthic POM
Kamenova, Stefaniya. "Réseaux d'interactions, biodiversité et services éco-systémiques en milieu agricole : que nous apprennent les coléoptères carabiques ?" Thesis, Poitiers, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013POIT2319.
Повний текст джерелаBiological control is one of the main ecosystem services provided by biodiversity in agroecosystems. Communities of beneficial insects, hosted by agricultural areas exhibit high levels of species and functional diversity, and their biology and life history traits are well described today. These communities are therefore an excellent model for addressing issues of fundamental and applied interest about mechanisms at the origin of biodiversity and its impacts on the supply of ecosystem services. In this thesis, we develop an original combination of advanced molecular approaches and more traditional methods in order to elucidate trophic interaction network within the community of carabid beetles in agricultural areas. The carabid beetles can significantly contribute to the service of biological control, but their contribution and beneficial conditions are difficult to assess because of their opportunistic and plastic feeding behavior. A without a priori investigation of carabid diet at community level in a typical agricultural landscape reveals a resource partitioning between groups of species. Additional experimental studies in laboratory conditions indicate that interspecific competition could be the mechanism generating this partitioning. From a fundamental point of view, these results suggest a preponderance of deterministic processes (niche partitioning) compared to neutral processes (environmental stochasticity) to explain the coexistence of species. From an applied point of view, the importance of the resource in structuring carabid communities provides a potential lever of action for the development of efficient management strategies optimizing carabid function as crop auxiliaries
Varalli, Alessandra. "Ricostruzione delle strategie di sussistenza in Italia durante l’età del Bronzo : il contributo delle analisi isotopiche." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM3055.
Повний текст джерелаThe Bronze Age is characterised by significant changes in human groups organisation and activities. In Italy, archaeological evidences show that new agricultural practices, livestock farming and new economic activities were introduced. All these aspects evolved differently, depending on geographical areas, local environment and social factors. The study of subsistence strategies and socio-economic behaviours through the analysis of dietary patterns in Italy during the Bronze Age is presented. Main scopes are to delineate Italian society’s food choices and to analyse the introduction of new resources. Stable isotopes analyses contained in collagen of human and animal bone has been performed. A diachronic and geographic approach is presented. The analysis focuses on ten Italian sites dating from ca. 2300 to 930 BC, presenting both diachronic and geographic comparison. The geographic analysis shows a more varied diet in the North and Central Italy, compared to the Southern areas. Concerning the diachronic analysis, data highlight the homogeneity of the resources consumed during the Early Bronze Age. For both Middle and Late Bronze Ages, the introduction of new plants in the diet is evident. Thus, Middle Bronze Age represents a pivotal moment in protohistoric societies, as a phase of rupture and transition. The consumption of different food resources and new cereals diffusion processes contribute to highlight the importance of contacts and cultural exchanges. These relationships had a significant influence on Italian communities during the Bronze Age, including food habits, although the environment and the climatic oscillations of this period cannot be neglected
L'età del Bronzo è una fase della Protostoria caratterizzata in Italia da importanti cambiamenti per i gruppi umani. Le evidenze archeologiche suggeriscono l'introduzione di nuove pratiche agricole e sistemi di allevamento, a cui si associa la sviluppo di attività di rilevanza a livello economico (e.g. metallugia), e una maggiore organizzazione della società che mostrano al loro interno una strutturazione e gerarchizzazione più marcata: questi aspetti presentano tendenze differenti secondo l'area geografica, in seguito alle caratteristiche ambientali locali e fattori di tipo sociale. Questo lavoro propone lo studio delle strategie di sussistenza e delle tendenze socio-economiche attraverso l'analisi dell'alimentazione. Gli obiettivi sono comprendere come le transformazioni che si manifestano a livello socio-economico si riflettono nella dieta, delineare le tendenze alimentari considerando anche gli aspetti biologici e analizzare il consump di nuove risorse. Lo studio è stato effetuato attraverso l'analisi degli isotopi stabili contenuti nel collagene delle ossa di resti umani e animali. Sono stati selezionati 10 siti della penisola italiana datati tra 2300-930 BC: prendendo in considerazione altri siti disponibili in letteratura, l'analisi è avvenuto applicando un approccio di tipo geografico e cronologico. L'analisi geografica ha messo in evidenza come il Nord e il Centro Italia presentino dei pattern alimentari variegati, contrariamente à quanto si rileva per il Sud Italia. L'analisi cronologica mostra come nel Bronzo Antico si noti una maggior omogeneità nel tipo di risorse consumate, differentemente all'età del Bronzo Medio e Rencete-Finale, dove l'introduzione di nuovi cereali nella dieta,come il miglio, risultaevidente. Questo studio, quindi, mostra come nel Bronzo Antico rappresenti un momento critico, di transizione, per i gruppi umani protostorici. Il consumo di risorse differenti e il processo di diffusione di nuovi cereali sottolinea l'importanza dei contatti e degli scambi culturali tra le diverse comunità. Queste relazioni cominciano ad avere un'influenza rilevante durante l'età del Bronzo, anche a livello di abitudini alimentari, sebbene non possano essere ignorate le caratteristiche ambientali locali e le oscillazioni climatiche di questo periodo
Guiry, Eric. "Tracing colonial animal trade and husbandry using stable isotope analyses." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/59276.
Повний текст джерелаArts, Faculty of
Anthropology, Department of
Graduate
Reich, Kimberly Jeanne. "Sea turtle life history patterns revealed through stable isotope analyses." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0024416.
Повний текст джерелаMahfouz, Céline. "An assessment of the chemical contamination and the diet changes of the harbou porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the southern North Sea." Thesis, Littoral, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DUNK0433/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe North Sea is heavely impacted by human activities such as overfishing and pollution. Due to their position as top predators in the ocean, marine mammals are becoming increasingly affected by anthropogenic activities. The large-scale surveys SCANS in 1994 and SCANS II in 2005 that were held in the North Sea to estimate the abundance of small cetaceans highlighted a major shift in the distribution of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the northern parts of the North Sea to its eastern parts. Alongside, over the past few decades harbour porpoises stranding has increased in the southern North Sea particularly along the French and Belgian coastal waters. Since the contaminant exposure presents, among others, a potential threat to harbour porpoises inhabiting the North Sea, the first objective of the present study was to assess the contamination status of this species in the southern North Sea. On the other hand, the distribution and abundance of marine mammals is expected to follow the distribution of their main prey species. Hence, the second objective of this study was to investigate whether the changes in the distribution of porpoises in the southern North Sea may be a result of the changes in prey availability. Moreover, the third objective was to evaluate the interest of combining three methods to investigate the diet of harbour porpoises : stomach contents, stable isotopes (carbon and nitrogen) and fatty acids analyses. First, the contamination status was evaluated through the determination of two components of chemical contaminants (metals and persistent organic pollutants) in tissues of harbour porpoises stranded along the southern North Sea between 2006 to 2013. Several chemical contaminants presented higher concentrations in diseased animals compared to healthy animals. In addition, some metallic contaminants showed bioaccumulation with age. Comparison with previous study suggests that the population status of harbor porpoises in term of chemical concentration has been stable from 1994 to 2013. This work suggested that the increase in the number of stranded individuals is not related to the decline in the quality of the environment. Secondly, the shift in the abundance of harbour porpoises was evaluated and interpreted in the light of prey species abundance. Three techniques were used in order to determine the diet of porpoises. Results highlighted the presence of gobies, whiting, sandeel, sprat, trisopterus sp., herring and sardine as potential preys. The shift of the abundance of porpoises form the northern parts of the North Sea to its southern parts was attributed to the sandeel abundance decline in the northern parts of the North Sea along with the re-invasion of the southern North Sea by the sardine species, probably in response to climate change. Finally, the value of a multi-approach dietary analysis was evaluated. Besides overcoming the limitations of each method, combining different techniques that integrate diet over days and weeks allowed gaining more complete understanding of harbour porpoise's diet
Speller, George R. "Molluscan biostratigraphy, stable isotope analyses and dating of Irish Holocene tufas." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.436656.
Повний текст джерелаHeijden, Luuk van der. "Determination of the food sources and of the role of meiofauna in soft-bottom intertidal habitats of the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France, and the Sylt-Rømø Bight, Germany : importance of the microphytobenthos-meiofauna pathway, highlighted by community structure, trophic markers and linear inverse food web models." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS030/document.
Повний текст джерелаMeiofauna play an important role in ecosystem processes in soft-bottom benthic habitats, e.g. food web dynamics, related to their highproduction, their intermediate trophic position and the energy they transfer towards higher trophic levels. The trophic linkages and flows of organic matter related to the meiofauna remain poorly known or taken into account. To better assess the role of meiofauna, the community structure and trophic relationships between food sources and meiofauna were determined in five intertidal soft-bottom habitats (i.e., mudflat, seagrass bed, sandflat) of the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France, and the Sylt-Rømø Bight, Germany, taking temporal variations into account. Meiofauna communities were dominated by nematodes and benthic copepods. Biomass of microphytobenthos and of sediment organic matter were two of the major drivers of community structure. The combination of trophic markers (i.e., stable isotopes, fatty acids) demonstrated that microphytobenthos and bacteria were the major food sources of meiofauna in the five habitats. Information from community structure assessments and trophic marker analyses were implemented in food web models. In all habitats, these models demonstrated that the main flow of carbon to meiofauna originated from microphytobenthos, highlighting negligible changes in meiofauna feeding behavior besides the large differences in availability and productivity of food sources between these habitats. All trophic groups of nematodes, except for selective deposit feeding nematodes, were highly selective and mainly fed on microphytobenthos, resulting in a high production and a short turn-over time of meiofauna. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrated the important role of meiofauna in soft-bottom habitats as well as the importance of the trophic pathway from microphytobenthos to meiofauna in the functioning of these food webs
Dromard, Charlotte. "Niches trophiques des poissons herbivores des Antilles : apports des isotopes stables." Thesis, Antilles-Guyane, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AGUY0597/document.
Повний текст джерелаHerbivorous fishes play a major ecological role against the « coral-algal phase-shift » phenomenon in the coral reefs of the Caribbean. In this study, the feeding patterns of the most important species of herbivorous fishes have been studied to understand how these species use and share the trophic resources on reefs and seagrass beds . Trophic niches of these species have been described by two complementary methods: the analyses oftheir digestive contents and the analyses of stable isotopes of carbon C3C/ J2C) and nitrogen (lsN/14N). The nutritional quality of the sources has been evaluated by their concentrations of macronutrients (proteins, lipids, soluble and insoluble carbohydrates) to explain partially the choice of resources by herbivorous fishes . Among the 14 studied species of herbivorous fishes (Pomacentridae, Acanthuridae and Scaridae), eight types of trophic niches have been described, indicating a functional diversity of these species . The trophic niches are occupied by one or several species, independently oftheir morphology or their taxonomie affinities. The results of this study suggest a complementarity among these species and raise the question of their conservation to preserve their ecological role on marine ecosystems of the Caribbean
Bucci, John P. "Blue Crab Trophic Dynamics: Stable Isotope Analyses in Two North Carolina Estuaries." NCSU, 2003. http://www.lib.ncsu.edu/theses/available/etd-11222003-195124/.
Повний текст джерелаRayaud, Sophie. "Stable isotope analyses of keratin for human provenance : implications for forensic science." Thesis, University of Reading, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.590134.
Повний текст джерелаKim, Moon Koo. "Stable carbon isotope ratio of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the environment: validation of isolation and stable carbon isotope analysis methods." Diss., Texas A&M University, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1969.1/1099.
Повний текст джерелаEk, Caroline. "Towards understanding stable isotope signatures in stressed systems." Doctoral thesis, Stockholms universitet, Institutionen för miljövetenskap och analytisk kemi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-134967.
Повний текст джерелаAt the time of the doctoral defense, the following papers were unpublished and had a status as follows: Paper 3: Manuscript. Paper 4: Manuscript.
Strand, Sarah Elise. "Stable Isotope Biogeochemistry of South Florida Coastal Marine Ecosystems." FIU Digital Commons, 2014. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/1737.
Повний текст джерелаToth, Emoke. "Changements paléoenvironnementaux dans la Parathéthys Centrale pendant le Samartien (Miocène moyen) : étude paléontologique de microfaunes et analyses géochimiques." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843092.
Повний текст джерелаSchenk, Emily R. "Geographic Provenancing of Unprocessed Cotton Using Elemental Analysis and Stable Isotope Ratios." FIU Digital Commons, 2012. http://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/803.
Повний текст джерелаDenton, Tricia M. "Analyses of the relationship between stable isotope signatures, leaf epidermal morphology and the environment /." [St. Lucia, Qld.], 2003. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe18307.pdf.
Повний текст джерелаAnderson, Kelly C. "Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope analyses of subfossil rats from Liang Bua (Flores, Indonesia)." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2011. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/4837.
Повний текст джерелаID: 030423461; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2011.; Includes bibliographical references.
M.A.
Masters
Anthropology
Sciences
Walter, B. S., S. N. DeWitte, T. Dupras, and Julia Beaumont. "Assessment of nutritional stress in famine burials using stable isotope analysis." Wiley, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17776.
Повний текст джерелаObjectives: We compared δ15N and δ13C values from bone and dentine collagen profiles of individuals interred in famine‐related and attritional burials to evaluate whether individuals in medieval London who experienced nutritional stress exhibit enriched nitrogen in bone and tooth tissue. Dentine profiles were evaluated to identify patterns that may be indicative of famine during childhood and were compared with the age of enamel hypoplasia (EH) formation to assess whether isotopic patterns of undernutrition coincide with the timing of physiological stress. Materials and Methods: δ15N and δ13C isotope ratios of bone collagen were obtained from individuals (n = 128) interred in attritional and famine burials from a medieval London cemetery (c. 1120–1539). Temporal sequences of δ15N and δ13C isotope profiles for incrementally forming dentine collagen were obtained from a subset of these individuals (n = 21). Results: Results indicate that individuals from attritional graves exhibit significantly higher δ15N values but no significant differences were found between burial types for the sexes. Analyses of dentine profiles reveal that a lower proportion of famine burials exhibit stable dentine profiles and that several exhibit a pattern of opposing covariance between δ15N and δ13C. EH were also observed to have formed during or after the opposing covariance pattern for some individuals. Conclusions: The results of this study may reflect differences in diet between burial types rather than nutritional stress. Though nutritional stress could not be definitively identified using bone and dentine collagen, the results from dentine analysis support previous observations of biochemical patterns associated with nutritional stress during childhood.
Division of Behavioral and Cognitive Sciences. Grant Numbers: BCS‐1261682, BCS‐1540208. Office of the Vice President for Research, University of South Carolina. Grant Number: SPARC Fellowship Grant
Kusaka, Soichiro. "Investigation of diet, migration, and social organization of Jomon populations based on stable isotope analyses." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/142581.
Повний текст джерелаPerkins, Matthew James. "Quantifying the effects of biodiversity on food web structure : a stable isotope approach." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/13941.
Повний текст джерелаJohns, Noel. "Stable Isotopes and Multiple Tissue Analysis: Reconstructing Life Histories for Individuals from Dakhleh Oasis, Egypt." Master's thesis, University of Central Florida, 2012. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/5325.
Повний текст джерелаID: 031001473; System requirements: World Wide Web browser and PDF reader.; Mode of access: World Wide Web.; Adviser: Tosha Dupras.; Title from PDF title page (viewed July 15, 2013).; Thesis (M.A.)--University of Central Florida, 2012.; Includes bibliographical references (p. 163-169).
M.A.
Masters
Anthropology
Sciences
Anthropology; Archaeological Investigation
Ferreira, Araujo Daniel. "Investigations into isotope biogeochemistry of Zn in coastal areas and mangroves." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30368/document.
Повний текст джерелаCoastal areas worldwide are under strong pressure from anthropogenic contamination, as most of the global population and of economic activities are concentrated along the coasts and estuaries. The threaten of contaminant releasing into these ecosystems makes imperative the development of tools capable of detecting biogeochemical changes in order to help prevention, monitoring and prediction of risks in environmental studies. In this way, this thesis investigates the isotope biogeochemistry of Zinc (Zn) in order to develop a tool capable of tracing natural and anthropogenic sources, identifying biogeochemical processes and enabling the biomonitoring of metal contamination in coastal areas and mangroves. To this end, Zn isotopes compositions were determined in several natural samples collected from Sepetiba bay (southeastern Brazil), an estuarine-lagoon impacted by an industrialized coastal area near Rio de Janeiro. This bay constitutes an ideal natural laboratory for evaluating the Zn isotopic system to environmental issues, since it hosts important ecosystems of commercial and ecological interest - estuaries, mangroves and tidal flats - threaten by the metal contamination resultant of old electroplating activity and other anthropogenic diffuse sources. The collected samples include sediment cores, surface mangrove sediments, suspended particulate matter (SPM), leaves of mangrove's trees, tissues of bivalve mollusks (oysters and mussels) and rocks. Ores from Vazante deposit, Brazil were collected to represent the raw material used in the old electroplating industry. Firstly, an initial laboratory work established a method for accurate and precise determinations of Zn isotope compositions in natural samples by multi-collector inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (MC-ICP-MS). Spatial and temporal analysis of Zn isotope compositions of sediment and rock samples fits well in a model of mixing between three main end-members: i) continental materials brought via rivers; ii) marine sources; and iii) a major anthropogenic source associated to the old electroplating wastes released into the bay. Sediment cores collected in the mud flat showed high correlation between Zn isotope compositions and Zn enrichment factors, suggesting (i) good preservation of isotopic records of natural and anthropogenic sources and (ii) no significant isotopic fractionation during sediment transport or as a result of diagenetic reactions post-deposition in the estuarine system. The sediment core sampled from a mangrove located in the zone impacted by the old electroplating activity presented levels of Zn up to 4% (dry weight) and preserved the isotopic signatures of electroplating wastes. However, there is evidence that biogeochemical processes triggered by hydrodynamics, bioturbation or rhizosphere processes slightly changed the isotopic signatures in some layers. Calculations based in this mixing model quantified contributions of the major anthropogenic source of Zn, ranging from negligible values in the pre-industrial period to nearly 80% during periods of electroplating activities between the 60's and 90's
Kristen, Iris. "Investigations on rainfall variability during the late Quaternary based on geochemical analyses of lake sediments from tropical and subtropical southern Africa." Phd thesis, Universität Potsdam, 2009. http://opus.kobv.de/ubp/volltexte/2009/3254/.
Повний текст джерелаIn dieser Arbeit werden Ergebnisse von Untersuchungen an den Sedimenten zweier afrikanischer Seen vorgestellt, die ein Archiv für Klimaveränderungen über einen Zeitraum von mehr als 200.000 Jahren darstellen. Der Schwerpunkt liegt in dieser Arbeit auf dem letzten Glazial und dem Holozän (ca. 100.000 Jahre vor heute [nachfolgend als 100 kyr BP bezeichnet] bis heute). Grundlegende Voraussetzung für solche Studien ist ein gutes Verständnis der Ökosysteme in und um den See, sowie des gegenwärtigen Sedimentationsgeschehens. Deswegen beinhalten beide Seestudien Untersuchungen der heutigen Organismen, Böden, Gesteine, Wasserchemie und Sedimentablagerungen. Im Tswaing-See im nordöstlichen Südafrika wurden anhand eines 90 m langen Sedimentprofils Studien zur Sedimentzusammensetzung und Untersuchungen der Zusammensetzung und Qualität des organischen Materials durchgeführt. Sie zeigen einen Wechsel zwischen Phasen hohen detritischen Eintrags, während derer v.a. kaum autochthones organisches Material im See erhalten blieb, mit Phasen geringen Eintrags und dafür karbonatischer oder evaporitischer Sedimentation, die hohe Gehalte v.a. autochthonen organischen Materials aufweisen. Diese Phasen werden als relativ feuchte bzw. trockene Perioden interpretiert und folgen bis vor ca. 75 kyr BP Schwankungen der lokalen solaren Einstrahlung. Dieser Einfluss nimmt nach 75 kyr BP ab und azyklische feuchte Phasen werden beobachtet. Mögliche Ursachen sind Veränderungen in der ozeanischen Zirkulation und Verschiebungen in der Lage der Innertropischen Konvergenzzone (ITCZ); beides sind auch heute Haupteinflussfaktoren auf die Niederschläge in der Region. Die heute lebenden Organismen des Tswaing-Kraters wurden mittels Analysen der Biomarkerzusammensetzung und der Kohlenstoffisotopie charakterisiert und ihr Einfluss auf die heutigen Seeablagerungen untersucht. Dabei konnten zusätzlich Indikatoren für die Aktivität methanotropher Bakterien nachgewiesen werden. Der Vergleich heutiger Sedimente mit denen des Zeitraumes 14 bis 2 kyr BP zeigt deutliche Veränderungen sowohl in der Zusammensetzung, als auch in der Kohlenstoffisotopie der Biomarker, die mit Veränderungen in der Hydrologie erklärt werden können. Die gefundenen Hinweise auf feuchtere Bedingungen im Zeitraum älter als 10 kyr BP, für trockenere Verhältnissen zwischen 10 und 7.5 kyr BP und für die nachfolgende Wiederzunahme an Feuchtigkeit werden durch die sedimentologischen Ergebnisse unterstützt. Objekt der zweiten Seestudie ist der Challa-See am Fuß des Kilimanjaro. Hier werden heute im mm-Maßstab laminierte Sedimente gebildet, die mit Mikro-XRF-scanning auf Veränderungen in der Elementzusammensetzung untersucht wurden. Zusammen mit Untersuchungen der Mikrofazies und im Vergleich mit ersten Ergebnissen noch laufender Sedimentfallenstudien, mit meteorologischen Daten und Analysen des Umgebungsgesteins werden die saisonalen Veränderungen in der Temperaturverteilung, der Durchmischungstiefe, dem detritischen Eintrag und der Bioproduktivität des Sees in den Sedimenten nachvollziehbar. Der See ist in den feucht-warmen Perioden von Oktober bis Dezember und von März bis Mai stratifiziert. Während dieser Zeit erfolgt der Eintrag detritischen Materials und Kalziumkarbonat fällt aus; eine dunkle Lage mit hohen Gehalten an Fe und Ti und mit hohen Ca/Al- und niedrigen Mn/Fe-Verhältnissen bildet sich am Boden des Sees. Diatomeen blühen während der kühlen, windigen Periode von Juni bis September, wenn die Durchmischung bis auf etwa 60 m Tiefe Nährstoffe verfügbar macht. Die Ausfällung von Fe- und Mn-oxiden sorgt für hohe Mn/Fe-Verhältnisse; es bildet sich eine helle Lage auf dem Sediment. Trends im Mn/Fe-Verhältnis werden als Signal für Veränderungen in der Intensität oder Dauer der saisonalen Durchmischung interpretiert. Dies wird unterstützt durch parallele Trends im Gehalt an organischem Material und an biogenem Silizium, wie durch Analysen an einem 22 m langen Bohrkern gezeigt werden kann. Nach gut durchmischten und von erhöhtem Eintrag von außen geprägten Verhältnissen während des letzten Glazials erfolgt gegen 16 kyr BP ein Übergang zu stärker stratifizierten Bedingungen. Diese korrespondieren mit einem steigenden Seespiegel und verbreiteten Hinweisen auf feuchte Bedingungen im tropischen Ostafrika. Stärkere Durchmischung herrschte während der Jüngeren Dryas und von 11.4 bis 10.7 kyr BP. Diese Perioden entsprechen Zeiten verringerter Südwest- und vermutlich verstärkter Nordostmonsunintensität im Bereich des Indisch-Asiatischen Monsuns und spiegeln eine global beobachtete südliche Verschiebung der ITCZ wider. Nach einer kurzen stabilen, feuchten Phase im frühen Holozän nimmt die Durchmischung des Sees im Verlauf des Holozän wieder zu. Abrupte Ereignisse während des Holozän scheinen im Challa-See zeitgleich mit Veränderungen der Monsunintensität der Nordhemisphäre aufzutreten und bezeugen die starke klimatische Kopplung der niederen Breiten in globalem Maßstab.
Lemaire, Jérémy. "Mercury contamination in caimans from French Guiana, bioaccumulation and physiological effects." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2021. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03716076.
Повний текст джерелаMercury (Hg) is a global environmental contaminant that affects ecosystems. It has the particularity to biomagnify through the food web, and to bioaccumulate especially in tissues of top predators. Mercury has been identified to have detrimental effects on human and wildlife. Top predators from tropical ecosystems are particularly affected by Hg contamination due to artisanal small scale gold mining, which uses massive amounts of Hg in the gold extraction process. Crocodilians are top predators of tropical ecosystems and have been identified to accumulate high concentrations of Hg in their tissues. They are potentially good candidates to monitor Hg contamination, as they are long-living animals with low metabolic, and high tissue conversion rates, which favours the bioaccumulation of Hg. Additionally, they have a large repartition over tropical and sub-tropical ecosystems, which make large-scale Hg evaluation possible. My doctoral work focuses on the four caiman species that are present in French Guiana (the Black caiman Melanosuchus niger, the Dwarf caiman Paleosuchus palpebrosus, the Smooth-fronted caiman Paleosuchus trigonatus and the Spectacled caiman Caiman crocodilus). First, I have worked on Hg variation across different tissues obtained by minimally invasive methods, and investigated the influence of morphology and feeding ecology (by using stable isotope method) on Hg contamination in caimans. Second, I have investigated the impact of Hg contamination on physiological mechanisms, and the maternal transfer and its effects on neonates
Norman, Jacob Dylan. "IDENTIFYING ENVIRONMENT OF ORIGIN OF ILLINOIS RIVER ASIAN CARP VIA OTOLITH MICROCHEMISTRY AND STABLE ISOTOPE ANALYSES." OpenSIUC, 2013. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/theses/1137.
Повний текст джерелаReynard, Linda Marie. "The application of stable hydrogen isotope analysis to the study of ancient diet." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.670134.
Повний текст джерелаMicklem, Isabel Andrea. "Using captive seabirds to assess knowledge gaps in stable isotope analysis of diets." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/65101.
Повний текст джерела