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1
Klink, Michael, Richard Akinyeye, Vernon Somerset, Mantoa Sekota, Priscilla Gloria Lorraine Baker, and Emmanuel Iheanyechukwu Iwuoha. "Electrochemical and Spectroscopic Dynamics of Nanostructured Polynuclear Sulphonic Acid-Doped Poly(2, 5-dimethoxyaniline)." Materials Science Forum 657 (July 2010): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.657.231.
Анотація:
Conducting and electroactive nanostructured poly(2, 5-dimethoxyaniline), PDMA, doped with anthracene sulphonic acid, ASA, and phenanthrene sulphonic acid, PSA, respectively, were prepared by oxidative polymerisation of 2, 5-dimethoxyaniline, DMA, with ammonium persulphate as oxidant. Scanning electron microscope, SEM, images of the polymers showed well defined nanotubes and fibrils with diameters of between 50 to 100 nm and 200 to 300 nm for PDMA-ASA and PDMA-PSA, respectively. Evidence of the incorporation of ASA and PSA into the PDMA backbone was provided by UV-Vis and FTIR analyses. Electrochemical interrogation of the sulphonic acid-doped polymers by cyclic voltammetry showed that both PDMA-ASA and PDMA-PSA exhibit quazi-reversible electrochemistry. The standard rate constant, ko, for the charge transfer reactions of PDMA-ASA and PDMA-PSA were 3.81 x 10-4 cm s-1 and 3.27 x 10-5 cm s-1, respectively. There was a relationship between the ko value and the formal potential, E0ʹ, of the polymeric nanomaterial. PDMA-ASA that had larger ko value gave an E0ʹ value of 134 mV which was lower than that of PDMA-PSA by 19 mV, indicating that PDMA-ASA has lower activation energy than PDMA-PSA for the electron transfer process Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy over a range of potentials showed that the polymeric nanotubues exhibited high conductivities, though the SA-doped polymer was more conducting.
2
Liu, Yulong, and Xiufu Hua. "Degradation of acenaphthylene and anthracene by chemically modified laccase from Trametes versicolor." RSC Adv. 4, no. 59 (2014): 31120–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ra02807d.
Анотація:
We are studying the chemically modified laccase from Trametes versicolor for use in the in vitro oxidation of two polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), acenaphthylene and anthracene, in combination with 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) as a redox mediator.
3
Ancha, Hanumantha R., Ravi R. Kurella, Christine C. McKimmey, Stanley Lightfoot, and Richard F. HartY. "Luminal Antioxidants Enhance the Effects of Mesalamine in the Treatment of Chemically Induced Colitis in Rats." Experimental Biology and Medicine 233, no. 10 (October 2008): 1301–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3181/0805-rm-140.
Анотація:
Previous experiments in rats with chemically induced colitis have shown that the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine plus mesalamine (5-ASA) exerted a significantly greater therapeutic effect in promoting mucosal healing when compared to either agent alone. The aims of the present study were to compare the effects of three antioxidants plus mesalamine vs. 5-ASA alone in treatment of colitis induced by trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) in rats. Methods: Three days following induction of TNBS colitis, rats received 8 days of rectal therapy with 5-ASA, or 5-ASA plus vitamin C (ascorbic acid), 5-ASA plus phenyl butylnitrone (PBN) and 5-ASA plus vitamin E (α-tocopherol). Distal colonic tissues were examined for microscopic colitis and myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity. Results: Global assessments of microscopic colitis induced by TNBS indicated that 5-ASA alone significantly changed colonic injury by −31%. Combination therapy with ascorbic acid plus 5-ASA or α-tocopherol plus 5-ASA caused further significant change in TNBS colitis by −65 and −82%, respectively. Each of these values was significantly below scores observed with 5-ASA as monotherapy. Reduction in colitis with PBN plus 5-ASA was not different from 5-ASA alone. MPO activity was decreased significantly in response to monotherapy with 5-ASA and each of the antioxidants plus 5-ASA when compared to TNBS. α-Tocopherol plus 5-ASA, however, was the only treatment strategy that reduced significantly MPO activity below that recorded for 5-ASA alone. In conclusion, our results indicate that antioxidants other than N-acetylcysteine significantly enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of 5-ASA in the treatment of TNBS colitis. α-Tocopherol plus 5-ASA exerted profound anti-inflammatory and reparative effects upon colitis induced by TNBS.
4
Gaafar, Alaa A., Sami I. Ali, Mohamed A. El-Shawadfy, Zeinab A. Salama, Agnieszka Sękara, Christian Ulrichs, and Magdi T. Abdelhamid. "Ascorbic Acid Induces the Increase of Secondary Metabolites, Antioxidant Activity, Growth, and Productivity of the Common Bean under Water Stress Conditions." Plants 9, no. 5 (May 14, 2020): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9050627.
Анотація:
One of the most vital environmental factors that restricts plant production in arid and semi-arid environments is the lack of fresh water and drought stress. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) productivity is severely limited by abiotic stress, especially climate-related constraints. Therefore, a field experiment in split-plot design was carried out to examine the potential function of ascorbic acid (AsA) in mitigating the adverse effects of water stress on common bean. The experiment included two irrigation regimes (100% or 50% of crop evapotranspiration) and three AsA doses (0, 200, or 400 mg L−1 AsA). The results revealed that water stress reduced common bean photosynthetic pigments (chlorophyll and carotenoids), carbonic anhydrase activity, antioxidant activities (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl free radical activity scavenging activity and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation assay), growth and seed yield, while increased enzymatic antioxidants (peroxidase), secondary metabolites (phenolic, flavonoids, and tannins), malondialdehyde (MDA), and crop water productivity. In contrast, the AsA foliar spray enhanced all studied traits and the enhancement was gradual with the increasing AsA dose. The linear regression model predicted that when the AsA dose increase by 1.0 mg L−1, the seed yield is expected to increase by 0.06 g m−2. Enhanced water stress tolerance through adequate ascorbic acid application is a promising strategy to increase the tolerance and productivity of common bean under water stress. Moreover, the response of common bean to water deficit appears to be dependent on AsA dose.
5
Park, Heejung, Wooseong Kim, Dayoon Kim, Seongkeun Jeong, and Yunjin Jung. "Mesalazine Activates Adenosine Monophosphate-activated Protein Kinase: Implication in the Anti-inflammatory Activity of this Anti-colitic Drug." Current Molecular Pharmacology 12, no. 4 (October 15, 2019): 272–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467212666190308103448.
Анотація:
Objective: Mesalazine, 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA), is an anti-inflammatory drug that is most widely used for the treatment of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD). Despite extensive clinical use, the exact pharmacological mechanism underlying the anti-colitic effects of 5-ASA has not yet been elucidated. A potential molecular mechanism underlying 5-ASA-mediated anti-colitic activity was investigated. Methods: An anti-inflammatory pharmacology of 5-ASA was scrutinized in human colon carcinoma cells and murine macrophages and in a TNBS-induced rat colitis model. Results: 5-ASA induced phosphorylation of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and its substrate acetyl-CoA carboxylase in cells. 5-ASA activation of AMPK occurred regardless of the presence of the pro-inflammatory mediators, Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNF-α) and lipopolysaccharide. 5-ASA inhibits TNF-α-dependent Nuclear Factor-Kappa B (NF-κB) activation, which was dampened by AMPK inhibition. Oral gavage of sulfasalazine (a colon-specific prodrug of 5- ASA) or rectal administration of 5-ASA ameliorated 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS)- induced rat colitis and activated AMPK in the inflamed colonic tissues while markedly diminishing the levels of NF-κB-regulated pro-inflammatory mediators cyclooxygenase-2, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant-3, elevated by the induction of inflammation. Rectal co-administration of 5-ASA and an AMPK inhibitor undermined 5-ASA-mediated activation of AMPK and its anti-colitic effects. Conclusion: These findings suggest that the activation of AMPK is involved in 5-ASA-mediated anticolitic effects at least partly via interference with pro-inflammatory NF-κB signaling.
6
Sun, Yue, Xiao Li, Weisheng Zheng, Xinchun Ding, and Rajendra Prasad Singh. "Effect of Functional Group Density of Anion Exchange Resins on Removal of p-Toluene Sulfonic Acid from Aqueous Solution." Applied Sciences 10, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10010001.
Анотація:
Adsorption using anion exchange resins is an efficient method for the removal of aromatic sulfonic acids (ASAs) from industrial wastewater. In this study, a series of weak-base anion exchangers (SD1–SD5) were synthesized to investigate the effect of functional group density of resins on the adsorption of ASAs from wastewater containing competitive inorganic anions. p-Toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) was selected as a target pollutant, and Na2SO4 was chosen as the competitive inorganic salt because of its widespread existence in industrial wastewater. Adsorption performances of these resins were evaluated and compared in terms of selectivity, kinetics, isotherms, regeneration, and dynamic adsorption behavior. Importantly, the PTSA uptake increased with the raising content of functional groups on resins in the absence of Na2SO4; however, in the presence of a high level of Na2SO4 (for example, ≥1%), a decrease in the functional group density could improve the adsorption capacity of resins for PTSA. Moreover, desorption and fixed bed column experiments were conducted in all resins, thereby confirming the effect of functional group density of resins on the PTSA adsorption in actual application. In brief, this research will provide a better understanding for the design and preparation of anion exchangers for the effective removal of ASA from wastewater.
7
Soare, Rodica, Maria Dinu, Cristina Babeanu, and Marin Soare. "Evaluation and comparison of antioxidant activity and biochemical compounds in some coloured potato cultivars." Plant, Soil and Environment 66, No. 6 (June 23, 2020): 281–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/202/2020-pse.
Анотація:
Potato is an important source of food, and in recent years, new genotypes have emerged on the European market, which particularly differentiate by the colour of tubers. The current study investigated and compared phytochemical properties and antioxidant activity of six potato cultivars: two of those with yellow-fleshed (Carpatin, Brasovean) and four with red and purple-fleshed (Cranberry Red, Mountain Rose, Purple Majesty, and Blue Congo), which were cultivated under the same climatic and soil conditions. The antioxidant activities were evaluated using two antioxidant systems 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). The results show that yellow-fleshed cultivars had higher total soluble substance content; red and purple-fleshed cultivars had a higher content of antioxidant compounds. Cv. Blue Congo it was recorded the highest antioxidant capacity in terms of DPPH and ABTS, of 164.17 μmol ascorbic acid (AsA)/100 g FW (fresh weight) and 114.96 μmol AsA/100 g FW, respectively. The highest total phenolic content was registered at cv. Purple Majesty of 63.54 mg gallic acid equivalents/100 g FW. Regarding flavonoids, the highest content was 40.96 mg quercetin equivalents/100 g FW for cv. Blue Congo and anthocyanin at cv. Purple Majesty of 113.19 mg/100 g FW.
8
Kundu, Sudipta K., Ramana Singuru, Taku Hayashi, Yuh Hijikata, Stephan Irle, and John Mondal. "Constructing Sulfonic Acid Functionalized Anthracene Derived Conjugated Porous Organic Polymer for Efficient Metal-Free Catalytic Acetalization of Bio-Glycerol." ChemistrySelect 2, no. 17 (June 12, 2017): 4705–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/slct.201700901.
9
Johannes, Christian, and Andrzej Majcherczyk. "Natural Mediators in the Oxidation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons by Laccase Mediator Systems." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 66, no. 2 (February 1, 2000): 524–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.66.2.524-528.2000.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT The oxidation of polycyclic aromatic compounds was studied in systems consisting of laccase from Trametes versicolor and so-called mediator compounds. The enzymatic oxidation of acenaphthene, acenaphthylene, anthracene, and fluorene was mediated by various laccase substrates (phenols and aromatic amines) or compounds produced and secreted by white rot fungi. The best natural mediators, such as phenol, aniline, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol were as efficient as the previously described synthetic compounds ABTS [2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] and 1-hydroxybenzotriazole. The oxidation efficiency increased proportionally with the redox potentials of the phenolic mediators up to a maximum value of 0.9 V and decreased thereafter with redox potentials exceeding this value. Natural compounds such as methionine, cysteine, and reduced glutathione, containing sulfhydryl groups, were also active as mediator compounds.
10
Silbernagl, S., K. Volker, H. J. Lang, and W. H. Dantzler. "Taurine reabsorption by a carrier interacting with furosemide in short and long Henle's loops of rat nephrons." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 272, no. 2 (February 1, 1997): F205—F213. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1997.272.2.f205.
Анотація:
Taurine is net reabsorbed in the proximal convolution by Cl- -stimulated Na+ symport specific for beta-amino acids but not in later nephron segments. However, large unidirectional taurine transport takes place there. To investigate unidirectional taurine reabsorption, we comicroinfused [3H]taurine and [14C]inulin into late proximal (LP), early distal (ED), and late distal (LD) tubule segments, as well as into the tips of long loops of Henle (LLH) of rats in vivo, and determined fractional reabsorption of [3H]taurine (FR) in the ipsilateral urine. FR (9 micromol/l taurine) was 80-93 (LP), 16 (ED), and 8% (LD). At 26 mmol/l taurine, FR decreased to 13 (LP) and 6% (ED). FR also decreased when Na+ or Cl- was absent or furosemide (5 x 10(-5) mol/l) was added. Bumetanide (5 x 10(-5) mol/l) had no effect, whereas aniline-2-sulfonic acid (ASA) inhibited. During LLH microinfusion, FR was 55% at 66 micromol/l and 17% at 228 micromol/l and was again inhibited by furosemide and ASA but not by bumetanide. [14C]taurine reabsorption from microperfused proximal convolutions was not influenced by furosemide. Chronic water diuresis did not affect taurine reabsorption in short Henle's loops. We conclude that taurine can enter cells of the distal nephron from the lumen by an Na+- and partly Cl- -dependent carrier with which C alpha,beta-substituted taurine (ASA) and C alpha,beta- and N-substituted beta-alanine (furosemide) directly interact. Thus proximal and distal taurine carriers seem to be different.
11
Tolmacheva, Anna S., Evgeny A. Ermakov, Valentina N. Buneva, and Georgy A. Nevinsky. "Substrate specificity of healthy human sera IgG antibodies with peroxidase and oxydoreductase activities." Royal Society Open Science 5, no. 1 (January 2018): 171097. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.171097.
Анотація:
We have carried out an analysis of whether blood IgG antibodies can protect humans from oxidative stress by oxidizing different harmful compounds. A somewhat unexpected result was obtained. We show here for the first time that healthy human sera IgGs with the peroxidase (in the presence H 2 O 2 ) efficiently oxidize different compounds: 3,3′-diaminobenzidine ( 1 ; DAB), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt ( 2 ; ATBS), o -phenylenediamine ( 3 ; OPD), homovanillic acid ( 4 ; HVA), α-naphthol ( 5 ), 5-aminosalicylic acid ( 6 ; 5-ASA) and 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole ( 7 ; AEC), but seven of nine IgG preparations from different volunteers cannot oxidize p -hydroquinone ( 8 : pHQ). The average apparent k cat values in the H 2 O 2 -dependent oxidation by human IgGs decreased in the following order (min −1 ): ATBS (73.7) ≥ DAB (66.3) > AEC (38.0) ≥ HVA (19.8) ≥ α-naphthol (8.6) > OPD (0.62) ≥ 5-ASA (0.48) > pHQ (0.24). In the absence of H 2 O 2 (oxidoreductase activity), the relative average k cat values decreased in the following order (min −1 ): DAB (52.1) ≥ ATBS (50.5) > OPD (0.25). The peroxidase average activity of human IgGs was higher than the oxidoreductase one: 1.2-, 1.5- and 2.5-fold for DAB, ATBS and OPD, respectively. It should be assumed that antibodies can oxidize in addition to the large number of other different compounds analysed by us. As a whole, the specific wide repertoire of polyclonal human IgGs oxidizing various compounds could play an important role in protecting humans from oxidative stress and serve as an additional natural system destroying H 2 O 2 and different toxic mutagenic and carcinogenic compounds.
12
Osikov, М. V., Е. V. Simonyan, A. E. Bakeeva та O. I. Ogneva. "Immunotropic effects of Curcuma longa extract as a component of original rectal suppositories in the dynamics of experimental Сrohn’s disease". Medical Immunology (Russia) 22, № 3 (21 травня 2020): 483–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15789/1563-0625-ieo-1875.
Анотація:
Crohn’s disease is an urgent problem of modern gastroenterology due to increasing prevalence, severity of complications and side effects of the basic therapy, in particular upon treatment with 5-aminosalicylic acid (5-ASA). Searching, development and trials of new effective drugs with minimal side effects in Crohn’s disease is an urgent task. Curcuma longa is one of the initial substances containing curcumin with antioxidant, cytoprotective, anti-inflammatory properties. Its effectiveness has been demonstrated in few studies with its systemic use in Crohn’s disease treatment. Our aim was to perform a comparative analysis of curcumin and 5-ASA effect applied as a composition of rectal suppositories, studying clinical signs and indices of immune status in experimental Crohn’s disease. The study was performed on 70 Wistar male rats. Crohn’s disease was modeled by introduction of a 50% alcohol solution of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS) per rectum, and verified by clinical and morphological methods. Rectal suppositories, each containing 50 mg of 5-ASA and original suppositories containing 0.075 mg of curcumin were used over 12 hours during 7 days. The studies were performed on the 3rd , 5th and 7th days of Crohn’s disease.In the course of experimental TNBS-induced Crohn’s disease in animals, an increased frequency of bowel motility, appearance of blood in the stool, decreased body weight progressed from the 3rd to the 7th days of observation, along with increased number in CD3+, CD45RA+ lymphocytes in blood, higher number of segmented neutrophils, lower absorption and NBT-reducing activity of blood neutrophils, increased serum concentrations of IL-23, IgM, IgG. Composition of the new medication form was justified; production technology and standardization of the suppositories containing curcumin for the treatment for Crohn’s disease were developed. Usage of rectal suppositories with curcumin is associated with decreased severity of clinical signs, decrease and partial restoration of segmented neutrophils, CD3+ lymphocyte numbers in blood, recovery of absorption and NBT-reducing ability of blood neutrophils, and decrease of IL-23, IgM, IgG concentrations in serum. The effectiveness of rectal suppositories with curcumin is compared to the effectiveness of the use of rectal suppositories with 5-ASA in terms of disease activity index, the number of neutrophils and CD3+ lymphocytes in the blood, serum concentrations of IL-23, IgM and IgG, in, at lesser extent, in terms of absorption and NBT- reducing ability of blood neutrophils.The composition and production technology of rectal suppositories with curcuminwas developed; the leukocyte populations, CD3+, CD45RA+ lymphocytesin blood were assesed, neutrophil absorption and NBT-reducing ability, IL-23, IgM and IgG concentrations were determined; the use of rectal suppositories with curcumin in experimental Crohn’s disease is comparable with the effectiveness of rectal suppositories with 5-ASA.
13
Gandhi, Tejal, Anish Sharma, Navdha Vyas, Parth Gupta, Mihir Parikh, and Hital Shah. "Lansoprazole a Proton Pump Inhibitor Prevents IBD by Reduction of Oxidative Stress and NO Levels in the Rat." Drug Research 71, no. 07 (March 16, 2021): 379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1389-5499.
Анотація:
AbstractThe inflammatory disease’s increased prevalence leads to a major concern around the world. Still, there is a lack of effective and successful therapy in the reversal of Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) symptoms. Whereas, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and muddled defense capacity of antioxidants in IBD subjects reported several times. Many proton pump inhibitors have been reported previously for their anti-inflammatory effect. The present study is aimed to assess the ameliorative effect of lansoprazole in experimentally induced IBD in rats. Thirty-six female Sprague Dawley rats were divided equally into six groups based on their body weight. Lansoprazole (1, 5, and 10 mg/kg, p.o.) and 5-aminosalicylate (5-ASA, 100 mg/kg, p.o.) served as standard control respectively, given for 18 days once a day. On the 11th day of the study, colitis was induced by intrarectal instillation of 2, 4-Dinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (DNBS), and treatment was continued for the next 7 days. Administration of lansoprazole (at 5 and 10 mg/kg) significantly reduced DAI (Disease Activation Index) and CMDI (Colon Macroscopic Damage Index); which further justifies a reduction in colon inflammation grades, as well as histopathological changes, and reflected by the stalling of body weight. The anti-inflammatory effects were indicated by lowered MPO (myeloperoxidase) and SOD (superoxide dismutase) in colon tissue as well as restores colonic NO (nitric oxide) level. The study shows lansoprazole improved DAI and CMDI scores, reduction of neutrophil infiltration, and an improved antioxidant status indicating an anti-ulcerative effect in DNBS-induced experimental colitis that is comparable with 5-ASA treatment.
14
Xu, Hao-ming, You-lian Zhou, Jing Xu, Ying-fei Li, Chong Zhao, Hong-li Huang, Yan-lei Du, Jie He, Yong-jian Zhou, and Yu-qiang Nie. "Inhibition of PD-1 Protects against TNBS-Induced Colitis via Alteration of Enteric Microbiota." BioMed Research International 2021 (January 7, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/4192451.
Анотація:
Background and Aim. The enteric microbiota is able to cross-talk with factors involved in the blockade of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) and also plays an important role in the predisposition and onset of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The current study used a mouse model of experimental colitis to determine the pathogenic connection between PD-1 inhibition, gut microbiota, and IBD. Methods. Colitis was induced in mice using 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene-sulfonic acid (TNBS), and mice were subsequently treated with either a PD-1 inhibitor or 5-amino-salicylic acid (ASA) as a positive control. Body weight, disease activity index (DAI), colon length, and tissue damage were evaluated, and the enteric microbiota was profiled using high-throughput 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples from the experimental mice. Results. TNBS caused mice to experience IBD-like symptoms, which were attenuated by the PD-1 inhibitor, as indicated by a decrease in DAI scores ( p = 0.0002 ). Furthermore, in this mouse model of IBD, PD-1 inhibition improved the alpha diversity as well as restored the beta diversity of the enteric microbiome. It also significantly enriched the abundance of short-chain fatty acid- (SCFA-) producing bacteria of the Firmicutes ( p < 0.05 ) and Bacteroidetes ( p < 0.05 ) phyla but depopulated Proteobacteria ( p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. PD-1 inhibition can partly mitigate TNBS-induced colitis and restore the enteric microbiota by enriching the abundance of SCFA-producing bacteria.
15
Raman, Chandra Devi, Kanmani Sellappa, and Martin Mkandawire. "Facile one step green synthesis of iron nanoparticles using grape leaves extract: textile dye decolorization and wastewater treatment." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 9 (April 7, 2021): 2242–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.140.
Анотація:
Abstract The existing knowledge on the reactivity of green iron particles on textile dye and wastewater decolorization is very limited. In this study, the potential of green iron particles synthesized using grape leaves extract on reactive dye (reactive red 195, reactive yellow 145, reactive blue 4 and reactive black 5) decolorization were investigated. 95–98% of decolorization was achieved for all reactive dyes at 1.4–2.0 g/L of green iron. Maximum decolorization was attained at lower dye concentration and showed very little impact on decolorization when pH was increased from 3 to 11. The pseudo-first-order fit confirms the reaction between iron particles and dye molecules with rate constant 0.317–0.422 and it is followed by adsorption, data fit with pseudo-second-order model. Hence, not only adsorption but also the reduction process is involved in the reactive dye decolorization. Benzene, phenyl sodium, 2-chloro-1,3,5-triazine, naphthalene, sodium benzene sulfonate, benzene 1,2 di amine, anthracene-9,10 dione, aniline, phenol, benzene sulfonic acid were the major intermediates detected in dye decolorization and the respective reaction pathway is proposed. Green iron from grape leaves extract demonstrated better performance and it is recognized as the promising cost-effective material for textile wastewater treatment.
16
Tago, K., D. H. Warden, V. L. Schuster, and J. B. Stokes. "Effects of inhibitors of Cl conductance on Cl self-exchange in rabbit cortical collecting tubule." American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 251, no. 6 (December 1, 1986): F1009—F1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.1986.251.6.f1009.
Анотація:
Electroneutral vs. conductive pathways of Cl transport were examined by measuring transepithelial conductance (GT) and the lumen-to-bath 36Cl rate coefficient (KCl). Experimental conditions minimized both Cl-HCO3 exchange [HCO3/CO2-free, N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N'-2-ethane-sulfonic acid (HEPES)-buffered solutions] and the electrical driving force for paracellular Cl diffusion (amiloride in the perfusate, transepithelial voltage near zero). Two agents known to inhibit Cl conductances in other epithelia, anthracene-9-carboxylate (9AC, 1 mM) and diphenylamine carboxylate (DPC, 0.1-0.5 mM) reversibly reduced GT and KCl when added to the bath. Both reduced KCl to values consistent with paracellular diffusion. Bath DPC had no effect on GT in the presence of 4 mM lumen Ba2+, suggesting that the DPC-sensitive conductance is in series with an apical K conductance, i.e., resides on the basolateral membrane. Lumen DPC also reduced GT and KCl, but was less potent than bath DPC. Because the lumen DPC effect on GT was also blocked by lumen Ba2+, lumen DPC probably inhibits a basolateral Cl conductance. K removal and ouabain (0.5 mM) had no effect on KCl, suggesting that Cl tracer movement is not predominantly through the principal cell. We assume that these agents are inhibiting Cl conductive pathways and propose a model in which transcellular Cl movement through the intercalated cell occurs via an apical electroneutral entry step in series with a basolateral conductive pathway.
17
"Aminoacid derivative of acid 5-aminosalicylic (5-ASA) in rat inflammatory bowel disease induced by intracolonic administration of trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNB)." Gastroenterology 108, no. 4 (April 1995): A798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-5085(95)27500-2.