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Статті в журналах з теми "Antibody avidity"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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1

Arifa, Julian Eva, Budiman Bela, Silvia Tri Widyaningtyas, and Jeanne Elvia Christian. "Penggunaan antigen p24, IDR-Gp41 dan ID2-Pol dalam uji aviditas untuk identifikasi kasus baru pada infeksi HIV-1." Jurnal Biotek Medisiana Indonesia 8, no. 1 (December 18, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.22435/jbmi.v8i1.2578.

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AIDS is a severe immunodeficiency disease caused by HIV. Identification of new HIV infection in a population is required for the evaluation of intervention strategy of HIV-1 transmission. The avidity assay has been promoted for HIV-1 detection. Avidity assay is based on affinity strength of the epitopes of the HIV antigen against its specific corresponding antibodies. The binding of the antigen - the antibody formed in the initial phase of infection is relatively weak and easy to break with chaotropic reagents. In contrary, the antigen-antibody binding formation in long-term infection is stron

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2

Racine-Brzostek, Sabrina E., Mohsen Karbaschi, Christian Gaebler, P. J. Klasse, Jim Yee, Marina Caskey, He S. Yang, et al. "TOP-Plus Is a Versatile Biosensor Platform for Monitoring SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Durability." Clinical Chemistry 67, no. 9 (April 29, 2021): 1249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/hvab069.

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Abstract Background Low initial severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) antibody titers dropping to undetectable levels within months after infection have raised concerns about long-term immunity. Both the antibody levels and the avidity of the antibody–antigen interaction should be examined to understand the quality of the antibody response. Methods A testing-on-a-probe “plus” panel (TOP-Plus) was developed to include a newly developed avidity assay built into the previously described SARS-CoV-2 TOP assays that measured total antibody (TAb), surrogate neutralizing antibod

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3

Pereira Arias-Bouda, Lenka M., Sjoukje Kuijper, Anouk Van Der Werf, Lan N. Nguyen, Henk M. Jansen, and Arend H. J. Kolk. "Changes in Avidity and Level of Immunoglobulin G Antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in Sera of Patients Undergoing Treatment for Pulmonary Tuberculosis." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 10, no. 4 (July 2003): 702–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.10.4.702-709.2003.

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ABSTRACT Much is known about specific antibodies and their titers in patients with tuberculosis. However, little is known about the avidity of these antibodies or whether changes in avidity occur during the progression of the disease or during treatment. The aims of this study were to determine the avidity of antibodies to Mycobacterium tuberculosis in patients with pulmonary tuberculosis, to explore the value of avidity determination for the diagnosis of tuberculosis, and to study changes in levels of antibodies and their avidity during treatment. Antibody avidity was measured by an enzyme-li

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4

Intner, Sara, Michelle Altrich, and Niraj Patel. "Comparison of Pneumococcal Avidity and Antibody Concentration in Children with Recurrent Infections: A Retrospective Pilot Study." Journal of Immunological Sciences 4, no. 4 (October 10, 2020): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.29245/2578-3009/2020/4.1194.

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Measurement of pneumococcal antibody concentration is a frequently used parameter for functional antibody response to vaccination. Antibody concentration in response to vaccination and strength of antigen-antibody (avidity) interaction are both important measurements of functional antibody response. Both antibody concentration and avidity contribute to immunity against invasive pneumococcal disease. Higher avidity is correlated with increasing bactericidal activity and opsonophagocytosis. On the other hand, patients with lower pneumococcal avidity may be more likely to develop clinically signi

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5

Tiburcio, Monique Gomes Salles, Laís Anversa, Kelly Aparecida Kanunfre, Antonio Walter Ferreira, Virmondes Rodrigues Júnior, and Luciana de Almeida Silva. "Anti-Leishmania infantum IgG Antibody Avidity in Visceral Leishmaniasis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 11 (September 4, 2013): 1697–702. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00367-13.

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ABSTRACTIgG avidity tests are used to discriminate acute from chronic infections. There are few reports on the IgG avidity profile of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). This study investigated the anti-LeishmaniaIgG avidity in patients with classic VL (n= 10), patients showing clinical cure after treatment (n= 18), and asymptomatic subjects with at least one positiveLeishmaniatest (n= 20). All subjects were from areas in Brazil where VL is endemic. Serum samples were collected from each subject on two different occasions. IgG avidity was evaluated by Western blotting. The proportion of

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6

Marcipar, Iván S., Marikena G. Risso, Ariel M. Silber, Silvia Revelli, and Alberto J. Marcipar. "Antibody Maturation in Trypanosoma cruzi-Infected Rats." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 8, no. 4 (July 1, 2001): 802–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.8.4.802-805.2001.

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ABSTRACT The study of antibody avidity changes during infection has improved the understanding of the pathologic processes involved in several infectious diseases. In some infections, like toxoplasmosis, this information is being used for diagnostic purposes. Results of the evolution of antibody avidity for different specific antigens inTrypanosome cruzi-infected rats are presented. A Western blotting technique, combined with avidity analysis to identify antigens that elicit high-avidity antibodies, is suggested. In this system, antibodies showed high avidity values only during the chronic pha

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7

Alex, Diviya, Tennison Inba Raj Williams, Jaiprasath Sachithanandham, Swaminathan Prasannakumar, John Paul Demosthenes, Veena Vadhini Ramalingam, Punitha John Victor, Priscilla Rupali, Gnanadurai John Fletcher, and Rajesh Kannangai. "Performance of a Modified In-House HIV-1 Avidity Assay among a Cohort of Newly Diagnosed HIV-1 Infected Individuals and the Effect of ART on the Maturation of HIV-1 Specific Antibodies." Current HIV Research 17, no. 2 (September 2, 2019): 134–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570162x17666190712125606.

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Background: Viral kinetics impact humoral immune response to HIV; antibody avidity testing helps distinguish recent (<6 months) and long-term HIV infection. This study aims to determine the frequency of recent HIV-1 infection among clients attending ICTC (Integrated Counselling and Testing Centre) using a commercial EIA, to correlate it with a modified in-house avidity assay and to study the impact of ART on anti-HIV-1 antibody maturation. Method: Commercial LAg Avidity EIA was used to detect antibody avidity among 117 treatment naïve HIV-1 infected individuals. A second-generation HIV ELIS

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8

Yoshida, Márcia, Maria Carmen Arroyo Sanchez, and Maria Aparecida Shikanai-Yasuda. "Increased Immunoglobulin G Anti-Paracoccidioides brasiliensis Serum Antibody Avidity as a Predictor of Favorable Posttherapeutic Evolution in Paracoccidioidomycosis." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 16, no. 11 (September 2, 2009): 1583–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00265-09.

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ABSTRACT Paracoccidioidomycosis is endemic in Latin America, and ca. 80% of all cases occur in Brazil. Little is known about antibody avidity or the evolution of such avidity in the posttherapeutic period for the different clinical presentations of the disease. In the present study, we evaluated 53 patients with paracoccidioidomycosis and calculated the avidity index. Medium- and high-avidity antibodies were found in 79.5% of patients with chronic presentation (n = 39). Among patients with the acute form (n = 14), 57.1% of the antibodies presented low avidity. In the posttherapeutic period, th

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9

Chan, K. H., K. Sonnenberg, M. Niedrig, S. Y. Lam, C. M. Pang, K. M. Chan, S. K. Ma, W. H. Seto, and J. S. M. Peiris. "Use of Antibody Avidity Assays for Diagnosis of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Infection." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 11 (September 19, 2007): 1433–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00056-07.

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ABSTRACT An indirect immunofluorescent assay (Euroimmun AG, Luebeck, Germany) was used to investigate the avidity of immunoglobulin G (IgG), IgM, IgA, and total Ig (IgGAM) antibody responses to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS CoV) infections. Serial serum samples from eight patients collected during the first, third, and ninth months after the onset of infection were evaluated. It was found that low-avidity IgG antibodies were detected in 15/15 (100%), 1/5 (20%), and 0/8 (0%) serum samples collected during the first, third, and ninth months after the onset of symptoms, resp

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10

Griswold, William R. "A Quantitative Relationship Between Antibody Affinity and Antibody Avidity." Immunological Investigations 16, no. 2 (January 1987): 97–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/08820138709030567.

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11

Welten, Suzanne P. M., Anke Redeker, René E. M. Toes, and Ramon Arens. "Viral Persistence Induces Antibody Inflation without Altering Antibody Avidity." Journal of Virology 90, no. 9 (February 17, 2016): 4402–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03177-15.

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ABSTRACTAntibodies are implicated in long-term immunity against numerous pathogens, and because of this property, antibody induction is the basis for many vaccines. Little is known about the influence of viral persistence on the evolving antibody response. Here, we examined the characteristics of antibody responses to persistent infection by employing the prototypic betaherpesvirus family member cytomegalovirus (CMV) in experimental mouse models. During the course of infection, mouse CMV (MCMV)-specific IgM and IgG responses are elicited; however, IgG levels gradually inflate in the persistent

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12

Usinger, William R., and Alexander H. Lucas. "Avidity as a Determinant of the Protective Efficacy of Human Antibodies to Pneumococcal Capsular Polysaccharides." Infection and Immunity 67, no. 5 (May 1, 1999): 2366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.67.5.2366-2370.1999.

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ABSTRACT Antibodies reactive with capsular polysaccharides are considered the principal mediators of immunity against invasive diseases caused byStreptococcus pneumoniae. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that anti-pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) antibody avidity can influence protective efficacy. We measured the avidities of individual adult postvaccination immunoglobulin G2 (IgG2) antibodies to PPS serotypes 6B and 23F and examined the relationship between avidity and opsonophagocytic and mouse-protective activities. The avidities of PPS 6B- and PPS 23F-specific IgG2 antibod

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13

Benner, Sarah E., Eshan U. Patel, Oliver Laeyendecker, Andrew Pekosz, Kirsten Littlefield, Yolanda Eby, Reinaldo E. Fernandez, et al. "SARS-CoV-2 Antibody Avidity Responses in COVID-19 Patients and Convalescent Plasma Donors." Journal of Infectious Diseases 222, no. 12 (September 10, 2020): 1974–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa581.

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Abstract Background Convalescent plasma therapy is a leading treatment for conferring temporary immunity to COVID-19–susceptible individuals or for use as post-exposure prophylaxis. However, not all recovered patients develop adequate antibody titers for donation and the relationship between avidity and neutralizing titers is currently not well understood. Methods SARS-CoV-2 anti-spike and anti-nucleocapsid IgG titers and avidity were measured in a longitudinal cohort of COVID-19 hospitalized patients (n = 16 individuals) and a cross-sectional sample of convalescent plasma donors (n = 130). Ep

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14

Leite, Marcel, Sonia Siciliano, Lucia Silvieri A. Rocha, Teresa R. Justa, Katia Regina César, and Celso F. H. Granato. "Correlation between specific IgM levels and percentage IgG-class antibody avidity to Toxoplasma gondii." Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo 50, no. 4 (August 2008): 237–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0036-46652008000400010.

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Toxoplasmosis is an usually asymptomatic worldwide disseminated infection. In its congenital presentation it may lead to abortion or fetal malformations. Antenatal evaluation is considered of paramount importance to identify seronegative women and allow for prophylaxis. Recent improvements in sensitivity of IgM tests has made IgM detection an extremely protracted acute phase marker, and IgG avidity evaluation test became necessary. Observation has shown that a correlation can be established between IgM levels and avidity percentages, suggesting that frequently the avidity test may not be neces

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15

Alexander, Marina R., Rajesh Ringe, Rogier W. Sanders, James E. Voss, John P. Moore, and Per Johan Klasse. "What Do Chaotrope-Based Avidity Assays for Antibodies to HIV-1 Envelope Glycoproteins Measure?" Journal of Virology 89, no. 11 (March 25, 2015): 5981–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00320-15.

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ABSTRACTWhen HIV-1 vaccine candidates that include soluble envelope glycoproteins (Env) are tested in humans and other species, the resulting antibody responses to Env are sifted for correlates of protection or risk. One frequently used assay measures the reduction in antibody binding to Env antigens by an added chaotrope (such as thiocyanate). Based on that assay, an avidity index was devised for assessing the affinity maturation of antibodies of unknown concentration in polyclonal sera. Since a high avidity index was linked to protection in animal models of HIV-1 infection, it has become a c

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16

FENOY, S., M. RODERO, E. PONS, C. AGUILA, and C. CUÉLLAR. "Follow-up of antibody avidity in BALB/c mice infected withToxocara canis." Parasitology 135, no. 6 (April 16, 2008): 725–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0031182008004368.

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SUMMARYIn humanToxocara canisinfection, an association has been shown between high IgG avidity in the chronic phase and low IgG avidity in recently acquired toxocarosis. The evolution of the antibody response in terms of avidity has been carried out through aT. canisinfection in BALB/c mice. Infection withT. canisembryonated eggs (EE) was carried out with single doses (SD) of 6, 12, 50, 100, 200 or 1000 EE/mouse and with multiple doses (MD) of 200 and 1000 EE. Specific antibodies againstT. canis(IgM+G, IgG, IgG1 and IgM) were detected by ELISA and Western Blot (WB) techniques in the presence a

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17

Velander, William H., Rapti D. Madurawe, Anuradha Subramanian, Guneet Kumar, Gurudas Sinai-Zingde, Judy S. Riffle, and Carolyn L. Orthner. "Polyoxazoline-Peptide adducts that retain antibody avidity." Biotechnology and Bioengineering 39, no. 10 (April 25, 1992): 1024–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260391006.

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18

Kangro, Hillar O., Shazad Manzoor, and David R. Harper. "Antibody avidity following varicella-zoster virus infections." Journal of Medical Virology 33, no. 2 (February 1991): 100–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.1890330207.

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19

Schoub, Barry D., Nigel K. Blackburn, Sylvia Johnson, Jo M. McAnerney, and Bennie Miller. "Low antibody avidity in elderly chickenpox patients." Journal of Medical Virology 37, no. 2 (June 1992): 113–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.1890370207.

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20

O'DELL, D. S., and J. L. EBERSOLE. "Avidity of antibody responses toActinobacillus actinomycetemcomitansin periodontitis." Clinical & Experimental Immunology 101, no. 2 (August 1995): 295–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2249.1995.tb08354.x.

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21

Harris, Shannon L., How Tsao, Lindsey Ashton, David Goldblatt, and Philip Fernsten. "Avidity of the Immunoglobulin G Response to a Neisseria meningitidis Group C Polysaccharide Conjugate Vaccine as Measured by Inhibition and Chaotropic Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 14, no. 4 (February 7, 2007): 397–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00241-06.

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ABSTRACT Antibody avidity, the strength of the multivalent interaction between antibodies and their antigens, is an important characteristic of protective immune responses. We have developed an inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to measure antibody avidity for the capsular polysaccharide (PS) of Neisseria meningitidis group C (MnC) and determined the avidity constants (KD s) for 100 sera from children immunized with an MnC PS conjugate vaccine. The avidity constants were compared to the avidity indices (AI) obtained for the same sera using a chaotropic ELISA protocol. After t

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22

Dollard, Sheila C., Stephanie A. S. Staras, Minal M. Amin, D. Scott Schmid, and Michael J. Cannon. "National Prevalence Estimates for Cytomegalovirus IgM and IgG Avidity and Association between High IgM Antibody Titer and Low IgG Avidity." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 11 (September 14, 2011): 1895–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.05228-11.

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ABSTRACTPrimary cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection of the mother during pregnancy presents risk of CMV infection of the fetus with resulting permanent disability. CMV IgM antibody is generated following primary CMV infection but also can appear during nonprimary CMV infection and is thus of limited diagnostic use by itself. In contrast, the presence of low CMV IgG avidity has been shown to be a unique and reliable serologic indicator of primary CMV infection. We measured CMV IgG and IgM antibody levels and IgG avidity in sera from a population sample of 6,067 U.S. women aged 12 to 49 years from N

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23

Holliman, R. E., R. Raymond, N. Renton, and J. D. Johnson. "The diagnosis of toxoplasmosis using IgG avidity." Epidemiology and Infection 112, no. 2 (April 1994): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268800057812.

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SUMMARYCurrent methods to establish the duration of toxoplasma infection in pregnant women and for the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis in the neonate or HIV infected patient have significant limitations. We assessed the precision of a commercial ELISA for the detection of toxoplasma specific IgG and adapted the assay to measure avidity using an elution agent washing step. The sensitivity and specificity of the ELISA were 100 and 75 % respectively and optimal measurement of avidity was achieved using 6 M urea as the elution agent.Toxoplasma lymphadenopathy of less than 3 months duration was associat

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24

Marcolino, P. T., D. A. O. Silva, P. G. Leser, M. E. Camargo, and J. R. Mineo. "Molecular Markers in Acute and Chronic Phases of Human Toxoplasmosis: Determination of Immunoglobulin G Avidity by Western Blotting." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 7, no. 3 (May 1, 2000): 384–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.7.3.384-389.2000.

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ABSTRACT We characterized antigenic markers recognized by human serum samples from patients presenting with acute and chronic toxoplasmosis by the determination of immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody avidity by a Western blot modified technique (avidity immunoblotting) that includes the dissociation of the antigen-antibody interaction with 6 or 8 M urea solutions. Human serum samples from 20 patients presenting with recent infection and from 20 patients with chronic infection were analyzed. It was observed that bands p16, p32, p38, p40, p43, p54, p60, p66, and p97 were more frequently recognized b

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25

Romero-Steiner, Sandra, Patricia F. Holder, Patricia Gomez de Leon, Willie Spear, Thomas W. Hennessy, and George M. Carlone. "Avidity Determinations for Haemophilus influenzae Type b Anti-Polyribosylribitol Phosphate Antibodies." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 12, no. 9 (September 2005): 1029–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.12.9.1029-1035.2005.

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ABSTRACT Determination of antibody avidity measurements can be difficult in human serum depending on the population evaluated. We evaluated three approaches for the determination of antibody avidity for immunoglobulin G (IgG). These approaches were (i) elution of bound antibody with increasing concentrations of a chaotropic agent using a single serum dilution, (ii) binding interference of multiple serum dilutions by a single concentration of a chaotrope, and (iii) elution of multiple serum dilutions by a single concentration of a chaotrope. Parameters that affect the determination of avidity m

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26

Richmond, J. F. L., S. Lu, J. C. Santoro, J. Weng, Shiu-Lok Hu, D. C. Montefiori, and H. L. Robinson. "Studies of the Neutralizing Activity and Avidity of Anti-Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Env Antibody Elicited by DNA Priming and Protein Boosting." Journal of Virology 72, no. 11 (November 1, 1998): 9092–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.72.11.9092-9100.1998.

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ABSTRACT DNA vaccination is an effective means of eliciting strong antibody responses to a number of viral antigens. However, DNA immunization alone has not generated persistent, high-titer antibody and neutralizing antibody responses to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env). We have previously reported that DNA-primed anti-Env antibody responses can be augmented by boosting with Env-expressing recombinant vaccinia viruses. We report here that recombinant Env protein provides a more effective boost of DNA-initiated antibody responses. In rabbits primed with En

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27

Ekström, Nina, Heidi Åhman, Arto Palmu, Sinikka Grönholm, Terhi Kilpi, and Helena Käyhty. "Concentration and High Avidity of Pneumococcal Antibodies Persist at Least 4 Years after Immunization with Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Infancy." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 7 (May 8, 2013): 1034–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00039-13.

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ABSTRACTTo provide more extensive evidence of long-term effects of vaccination on immunity againstStreptococcus pneumoniae, a follow-up study of the Finnish Otitis Media (FinOM) Vaccine Trial was conducted. One of the objectives was to assess the persistence and avidity of pneumococcal antibodies 4 years after pneumococcal vaccination given in infancy. Children with complete follow-up in the FinOM trial up to 24 months of age were invited to a single visit in their fifth year of life. A blood sample was taken from all children for determination of anticapsular antibody concentrations to vaccin

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Alam, Mohammad Murshid, Mohammad Arifuzzaman, Shaikh Meshbahuddin Ahmad, M. Ismail Hosen, Mohammad Arif Rahman, Rasheduzzaman Rashu, Alaullah Sheikh, Edward T. Ryan, Stephen B. Calderwood, and Firdausi Qadri. "Study of Avidity of Antigen-Specific Antibody as a Means of Understanding Development of Long-Term Immunological Memory after Vibrio cholerae O1 Infection." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 1 (October 31, 2012): 17–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00521-12.

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ABSTRACTThe avidity of antibodies to specific antigens and the relationship of avidity to memory B cell responses to these antigens have not been studied in patients with cholera or those receiving oral cholera vaccines. We measured the avidity of antibodies to cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) andVibrio choleraeO1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in Bangladeshi adult cholera patients (n= 30), as well as vaccinees (n= 30) after administration of two doses of a killed oral cholera vaccine. We assessed antibody and memory B cell responses at the acute stage in patients or prior to vaccination in vaccinees a

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29

Zhu, Xuekai, Lei Wang, Rongzhi Liu, Barry Flutter, Shenghua Li, Jie Ding, Hua Tao, Changzhen Liu, Meiyi Sun, and Bin Gao. "COMBODY: one‐domain antibody multimer with improved avidity." Immunology & Cell Biology 88, no. 6 (March 9, 2010): 667–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/icb.2010.21.

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Perciani, C. T., P. S. Peixoto, W. O. Dias, F. S. Kubrusly, and M. M. Tanizaki. "Improved method to calculate the antibody avidity index." Journal of Clinical Laboratory Analysis 21, no. 3 (2007): 201–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcla.20172.

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Rudnick, Stephen I., and Gregory P. Adams. "Affinity and Avidity in Antibody-Based Tumor Targeting." Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals 24, no. 2 (April 2009): 155–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/cbr.2009.0627.

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32

Pullen, G. R., Margaret G. Fitzgerald, and C. S. Hosking. "Antibody avidity determination by ELISA using thiocyanate elution." Journal of Immunological Methods 86, no. 1 (January 1986): 83–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1759(86)90268-1.

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Alam, Mohammad Murshid, Daniel T. Leung, Marjahan Akhtar, Mohammad Nazim, Sarmin Akter, Taher Uddin, Farhana Khanam, et al. "Antibody Avidity in Humoral Immune Responses in Bangladeshi Children and Adults following Administration of an Oral Killed Cholera Vaccine." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 20, no. 10 (August 7, 2013): 1541–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00341-13.

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ABSTRACTAntibody avidity for antigens following disease or vaccination increases with affinity maturation and somatic hypermutation. In this study, we followed children and adults in Bangladesh for 1 year following oral cholera vaccination and measured the avidity of antibodies to the T cell-dependent antigen cholera toxin B subunit (CTB) and the T cell-independent antigen lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in comparison with responses in other immunological measurements. Children produced CTB-specific IgG and IgA antibodies of high avidity following vaccination, which persisted for several months; the

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Cuda, Tahleesa J., Yaowu He, Thomas Kryza, Tashbib Khan, Brian W. Tse, Kamil A. Sokolowski, Cheng Liu, et al. "Preclinical Molecular PET-CT Imaging Targeting CDCP1 in Colorectal Cancer." Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging 2021 (September 13, 2021): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/3153278.

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Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common malignancy in the world, with 22% of patients presenting with metastatic disease and a further 50% destined to develop metastasis. Molecular imaging uses antigen-specific ligands conjugated to radionuclides to detect and characterise primary cancer and metastases. Expression of the cell surface protein CDCP1 is increased in CRC, and here we sought to assess whether it is a suitable molecular imaging target for the detection of this cancer. CDCP1 expression was assessed in CRC cell lines and a patient-derived xenograft to identify models suitable

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Korhonen, Maria H., John Brunstein, Heikki Haario, Alexei Katnikov, Roberto Rescaldani, and Klaus Hedman. "A New Method with General Diagnostic Utility for the Calculation of Immunoglobulin G Avidity." Clinical Diagnostic Laboratory Immunology 6, no. 5 (September 1, 1999): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cdli.6.5.725-728.1999.

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ABSTRACT The reference method for immunoglobulin G (IgG) avidity determination includes reagent-consuming serum titration. Aiming at better IgG avidity diagnostics, we applied a logistic model for the reproduction of antibody titration curves. This method was tested with well-characterized serum panels for cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, rubella virus, parvovirus B19, and Toxoplasma gondii. This approach for IgG avidity calculation is generally applicable and attains the diagnostic performance of the reference method while being less laborious and twice as cost-effective.

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Steffen, M. J., and J. L. Ebersole. "Effects of aging on antibody avidity to Mycoplasma pulmonis." Mechanisms of Ageing and Development 78, no. 2 (March 1995): 123–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-6374(94)01531-p.

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Altrich, M. L., M. Smith, M. Ling, and J. F. Halsey. "Pneumococcal Antibody Avidity Evaluation in Patients with Suspected Immunodeficiency." Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology 125, no. 2 (February 2010): AB8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaci.2009.12.063.

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Yamamoto, S., K. Tagata, Y. Ishikawa, H. Santsuka, M. Yamada, M. Morimatsu, and M. Naiki. "Avidity of antibody and agglutinability of antibody-sensitized latex in latex agglutination test." Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 36, no. 3 (April 1993): 257–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-2427(93)90023-w.

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39

Furuya, Andrea K. M., Danielle Hunt, Kirsten St George, Alan P. Dupuis, Laura D. Kramer, Pei-Yong Shi, and Susan Wong. "Use of the immunoglobulin G avidity assay to differentiate between recent Zika and past dengue virus infections." Clinical Science 133, no. 7 (April 2019): 859–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs20180874.

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Abstract Zika (ZIKV) and dengue (DENV) virus infections elicit a robust but cross-reactive antibody response against the viral envelope protein, while antibody responses against non-structural proteins (NS) are more virus specific. Building on this premise, we have previously developed a flavivirus multiplex microsphere immunoassay (MIA) for the serologic diagnosis of ZIKV and DENV infections. This assay significantly improved diagnostic accuracy; however, MIA could not differentiate more recent from past infections, which still represents a major diagnostic challenge. Therefore, an immunoglob

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Kourtis, Athena P., Jeffrey Wiener, Tiffany S. Chang, Sheila C. Dollard, Minal M. Amin, Sascha Ellington, Dumbani Kayira, Charles van der Horst, and Denise J. Jamieson. "Cytomegalovirus IgG Level and Avidity in Breastfeeding Infants of HIV-Infected Mothers in Malawi." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 22, no. 12 (September 30, 2015): 1222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00460-15.

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ABSTRACTCytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is common among infants of HIV-infected mothers in resource-limited settings. We examined the prevalence and timing of infant CMV infection during the first year of life using IgG antibody and avidity among HIV-exposed infants in Malawi and correlated the results with the presence of detectable CMV DNA in the blood. The Breastfeeding, Antiretrovirals and Nutrition (BAN) study randomized 2,369 mothers and their infants to maternal antiretrovirals, infant nevirapine, or neither for 28 weeks of breastfeeding, followed by weaning. Stored plasma specimens wer

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Ward, K. N., W. Dhaliwal, K. L. Ashworth, E. J. Clutterbuck, and C. G. Teo. "Measurement of antibody avidity for hepatitis C virus distinguishes primary antibody responses from passively acquired antibody." Journal of Medical Virology 43, no. 4 (August 1994): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.1890430409.

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Raviprakash, Kanakatte, Kevin R. Porter, Tadeuscz J. Kochel, Daniel Ewing, Monica Simmons, Irving Phillips, Gerald S. Murphy, Walter R. Weiss, and Curtis G. Hayes. "Dengue virus type 1 DNA vaccine induces protective immune responses in rhesus macaques." Microbiology 81, no. 7 (July 1, 2000): 1659–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/0022-1317-81-7-1659.

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A candidate DNA vaccine expressing dengue virus type 1 pre-membrane and envelope proteins was used to immunize rhesus macaques. Monkeys were immunized intramuscularly (i.m.) or intradermally (i.d.) by three or four 1 mg doses of vaccine, respectively. Monkeys that were inoculated i.m. seroconverted more quickly and had higher antibody levels than those that were inoculated i.d. The sera exhibited virus-neutralizing activity, which declined over time. Four of the eight i.m.-inoculated monkeys were protected completely from developing viraemia when challenged 4 months after the last dose with ho

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To, Kelvin K. W., Anna J. X. Zhang, Ivan F. N. Hung, Ting Xu, Whitney C. T. Ip, Rebecca T. Y. Wong, Joseph C. K. Ng, Jasper F. W. Chan, Kwok-Hung Chan, and Kwok-Yung Yuen. "High Titer and Avidity of Nonneutralizing Antibodies against Influenza Vaccine Antigen Are Associated with Severe Influenza." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 19, no. 7 (May 9, 2012): 1012–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00081-12.

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ABSTRACTThe importance of neutralizing antibody in protection against influenza virus is well established, but the role of the early antibody response during the initial stage of infection in affecting the severity of disease is unknown. The 2009 influenza pandemic provided a unique opportunity for study because most patients lacked preexisting neutralizing antibody. In this study, we compared the antibody responses of 52 patients with severe or mild disease, using sera collected at admission. A microneutralization (MN) assay was used to detect neutralizing antibody. We also developed an enzym

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Sowers, Sun B., Jennifer S. Rota, Carole J. Hickman, Sara Mercader, Susan Redd, Rebecca J. McNall, Nobia Williams, et al. "High Concentrations of Measles Neutralizing Antibodies and High-Avidity Measles IgG Accurately Identify Measles Reinfection Cases." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 23, no. 8 (June 22, 2016): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00268-16.

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ABSTRACTIn the United States, approximately 9% of the measles cases reported from 2012 to 2014 occurred in vaccinated individuals. Laboratory confirmation of measles in vaccinated individuals is challenging since IgM assays can give inconclusive results. Although a positive reverse transcription (RT)-PCR assay result from an appropriately timed specimen can provide confirmation, negative results may not rule out a highly suspicious case. Detection of high-avidity measles IgG in serum samples provides laboratory evidence of a past immunologic response to measles from natural infection or immuni

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Gaensbauer, James T., Jeremy T. Rakhola, Carolyne Onyango-Makumbi, Michael Mubiru, Jamie E. Westcott, Nancy F. Krebs, Edwin J. Asturias, Mary Glenn Fowler, Elizabeth McFarland, and Edward N. Janoff. "Impaired Haemophilus influenzae Type b Transplacental Antibody Transmission and Declining Antibody Avidity through the First Year of Life Represent Potential Vulnerabilities for HIV-Exposed but -Uninfected Infants." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 21, no. 12 (October 8, 2014): 1661–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00356-14.

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ABSTRACTTo determine whether immune function is impaired among HIV-exposed but -uninfected (HEU) infants born to HIV-infected mothers and to identify potential vulnerabilities to vaccine-preventable infection, we characterized the mother-to-infant placental transfer ofHaemophilus influenzaetype b-specific IgG (Hib-IgG) and its levels and avidity after vaccination in Ugandan HEU infants and in HIV-unexposed U.S. infants. Hib-IgG was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay in 57 Ugandan HIV-infected mothers prenatally and in their vaccinated HEU infants and 14 HIV-unexposed U.S. infants at

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46

Sandberg, E., G. Bergenholtz, H. Kahu, and U. I. Dahlgren. "Low HEMA Conjugation Induces High Autoantibody Titer in Mice." Journal of Dental Research 84, no. 6 (June 2005): 537–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154405910508400610.

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2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (HEMA) is a known causal agent of hypersensitivity to resin composites. We have reported that immunization with HEMA conjugated to mouse serum albumin (MSA) induces an autoantibody response in mice. In this study, we investigated both the activity and the avidity of autoantibodies induced by immunization with various HEMA conjugations to MSA. Female Balb/c mice were given MSA carrying 3, 7, 15, or 22 HEMA molecules. Antigen-specific IgG and IgE antibodies were determined by ELISA, and average antibody avidity by thiocyanate dissociation. Immunization with MSA carryin

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47

Fox, Janet L., Stuart L. Hazell, Leslie H. Tobler, and Michael P. Busch. "Immunoglobulin G Avidity in Differentiation between Early and Late Antibody Responses to West Nile Virus." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 13, no. 1 (January 2006): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.13.1.33-36.2006.

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ABSTRACT In 1999 West Nile virus (WNV) surfaced in the United States in the city of New York and spread over successive summers to most of the continental United States, Canada, and Mexico. Because WNV immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies have been shown to persist for up to 1 year, residents in areas of endemicity can have persistent WNV IgM antibodies that are unrelated to a current illness with which they present. We present data on the use of IgG avidity testing for the resolution of conflicting data arising from the testing of serum or plasma for antibodies to WNV. Thirteen seroconversion pa

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48

Abou Basha, L. M., A. Y. Shehab, M. Abdel Fattah, and A. Bassili. "Performance of IgG avidity in an area endemic for schistosomiasis in Egypt." Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal 08, no. 01 (March 15, 2002): 172–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.26719/2002.8.1.172.

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We assessed the performance of IgG avidity in the diagnosis of acute, chronic and recent [reinfection] on top of chronic schistosomal infections in patients treated with praziquantel. Immunoglobulin levels were studied in 111 patients with Schistosoma mansoni infection and 28 partially cured patients [not responding to the first dose of praziquantel treatment and almost cured after a second one]. Before treatment all patients with schistosomiasis had elevated IgG levels, 75% of them also had increased IgM levels. Avidity index was high among all age groups. The increased IgM/IgG ratio and avid

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Fink, Ashley L., Kyrra Engle, Rebecca L. Ursin, Wan-Yee Tang, and Sabra L. Klein. "Biological sex affects vaccine efficacy and protection against influenza in mice." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 49 (November 19, 2018): 12477–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1805268115.

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Biological sex affects adaptive immune responses, which could impact influenza infection and vaccine efficacy. Infection of mice with 2009 H1N1 induced antibody responses, CD4+T cell and CD8+T cell memory responses that were greater in females than males; both sexes, however, were equally protected against secondary challenge with an H1N1 drift variant virus. To test whether greater antibody in females is sufficient for protection against influenza, males and females were immunized with an inactivated H1N1 vaccine that induced predominantly antibody-mediated immunity. Following vaccination, fe

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Sager, Heinz, Marianne Gloor, Camilla Björkman, Sandra Kritzner, and Bruno Gottstein. "Assessment of antibody avidity in aborting cattle by a somatic Neospora caninum tachyzoite antigen IgG avidity ELISA." Veterinary Parasitology 112, no. 1-2 (February 2003): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0304-4017(02)00416-8.

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