Статті в журналах: "Applied biomechanics"

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&NA;. "Applied Spinal Biomechanics." Neurosurgery 62, no. 6 (June 2008): 1385. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000333343.93392.6d.

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Wiechert, Bernd Udo. "Applied Biomechanics: Prosthetic and Orthopaedics." Proceeding International Conference on Science and Engineering 1 (October 31, 2017): xiii. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/icse.v1.315.

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Biomechanics is closely related to engineering, because it often uses traditional engineering sciences to analyze biological systems. Some simple applications of Newtonian mechanics and/or materials sciences can supply correct approximations to the mechanics of many biological systems. Applied mechanics, most notably mechanical engineering disciplines such as continuum mechanics, mechanism analysis, structural analysis, kinematics and dynamics play prominent roles in the study of biomechanics. Usually biological systems are much more complex than man-built systems. Numerical methods are hence applied in almost every biomechanical study. Research is done in an iterative process of hypothesis and verification, including several steps of modeling, computer simulation and experimental measurements. Prosthetics and orthotics are clinical disciplines that deal with artificial limbs (prostheses) for people with amputations and supportive devices (orthoses) for people with musculoskeletal weakness or neurological disorders and some disability person. The development of prosthetics and orthotics disciplines is depend on development of science and engineering. The understanding of this multidiscipline field is important the advancement in this field. In this session i will overview the current development in prosthetics and orthotics field, expl ain a brief survey on its method, and discuss perspective for future trend and development.

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Waters, Amy, Elissa Phillips, Derek Panchuk, and Andrew Dawson. "The coach–scientist relationship in high-performance sport: Biomechanics and sprint coaches." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 14, no. 5 (June 25, 2019): 617–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747954119859100.

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It is common for sport science practitioners, including sport biomechanists, to interact with high-performance coaches in the daily training environment. These relationships are beneficial for both scientist and coach, as well as the athletes. However, as indicated by difficulties in transferring new research into coaching practice, these relationships are not functioning as well as they could. The aim of this paper is to examine the various factors that influence the coach–biomechanist relationship in the elite sprinting context and gain an understanding of what impedes and enhances this, which will ultimately maximise an athlete's performance. Sprint coaches ( n = 56) and applied sport biomechanists ( n = 12) were surveyed to determine the participants' experiences working with each other and use of biomechanics in the training environment. Semi-structured interviews with coaches ( n = 8) and biomechanists ( n = 8) were conducted to further explore these ideas. From the biomechanists perspective, the relationship appeared to be less effective than from the coaches' perspective and both groups identified areas for improvement. The coaches had an inconsistent understanding of biomechanics theory and the support a biomechanist could provide in the training environment, while it was acknowledged that biomechanists needed to improve their communication skills. Coach and practitioner education were identified as where these improvements could be facilitated. There are many aspects of the coach–biomechanist relationship that could contribute to establishing optimal practice in the high-performance environment and enhance the transfer of knowledge from scientist to coach. This paper proposes a number of directions that could be taken.

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Grelsamer, Ronald P., and Craig H. Weinstein. "Applied Biomechanics of the Patella." Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research 389 (August 2001): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003086-200108000-00003.

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Evans, Paul. "Biomechanics: basic and applied research." Clinical Materials 3, no. 1 (January 1988): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0267-6605(88)90037-6.

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Koryakin, A. G., A. V. Vlasenko, E. A. Evdokimov, and E. P. Rodionov. "Applied aspects of respiratory biomechanics (current state of problem)." Medical alphabet, no. 9 (June 6, 2022): 56–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.33667/2078-5631-2022-9-56-68.

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Respiratory biomechanics of the lungs describes the static and dynamic state of the human respiratory system in normal and in various pathological conditions. Assessment of respiratory biomechanics indicators is one of the most important tools for reasoned optimization of respiratory support parameters. Modern ventilators have wide opportunities for monitoring the biomechanics of respiration, which helps to optimize the parameters of the patient’s respiratory pattern. Expert class ventilators provide an opportunity for in-depth monitoring of biomechanics, which is extremely important in the treatment of severe respiratory disorders. The review presents the basics of the lungs respiratory biomechanics, the principles for assessing its indicators, interpretation and application in clinical practice.

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IVANCEVIC, TIJANA T. "JET-RICCI GEOMETRY OF TIME-DEPENDENT HUMAN BIOMECHANICS." International Journal of Biomathematics 03, no. 01 (March 2010): 79–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179352451000088x.

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We propose the time-dependent generalization of an "ordinary" autonomous human biomechanics, in which total mechanical + biochemical energy is not conserved. We introduce a general framework for time-dependent biomechanics in terms of jet manifolds derived from the extended musculo-skeletal configuration manifold. The corresponding Riemannian geometrical evolution follows the Ricci flow diffusion. In particular, we show that the exponential-like decay of total biomechanical energy (due to exhaustion of biochemical resources) is closely related to the Ricci flow on the biomechanical configuration manifold.

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Oakes, Barry W. "Applied anatomy and biomechanics in sport." Medical Journal of Australia 166, no. 3 (February 1997): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.5694/j.1326-5377.1997.tb140050.x.

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Hudson, Jackie. "Applied Biomechanics in an Instructional Setting." Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance 77, no. 8 (October 2006): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07303084.2006.10597921.

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Wendlová, Jaroslava. "Editorial: Applied biomechanics in musculoskeletal medicine." Wiener Medizinische Wochenschrift 161, no. 19-20 (October 2011): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10354-011-0035-2.

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Klapsing, G. Morey, T. Jofre Marin, and E. Montiel Parreño. "B-9 Applied Biomechanics: Footwear Industry." Journal of Biomechanics 43 (June 2010): S26—S27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(10)70046-4.

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Navarro, Enrique, Archit Navandar, Santiago Veiga, and Alejandro F. San Juan. "Applied Biomechanics: Sport Performance and Injury Prevention." Applied Sciences 11, no. 9 (May 7, 2021): 4230. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11094230.

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Zheng, Naiquan, and Steven W. Barrentine. "Biomechanics and Motion Analysis Applied to Sports." Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinics of North America 11, no. 2 (May 2000): 309–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1047-9651(18)30131-1.

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Hewett, Timothy E., and Nathaniel A. Bates. "Preventive Biomechanics: A Paradigm Shift With a Translational Approach to Injury Prevention." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 11 (February 15, 2017): 2654–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546516686080.

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Background: Preventive medicine techniques have alleviated billions of dollars’ worth of the economic burden in the medical care system through the implementation of vaccinations and screenings before the onset of disease symptoms. Knowledge of biomechanical tendencies has progressed rapidly over the past 20 years such that clinicians can identify, in healthy athletes, the underlying mechanisms that lead to catastrophic injuries such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. As such, preventive medicine concepts can be applied to noncontact musculoskeletal injuries to reduce the economic burden of sports medicine treatments and enhance the long-term health of athletes. Purpose: To illustrate the practical medical benefits that could be gained from preventive biomechanics applied to the ACL as well as the need and feasibility for the broad implementation of these principles. Study Design: Literature review. Methods: The recent literature pertinent to the screening and prevention of musculoskeletal injuries was reviewed and compiled into a clinical commentary on the current state and applicability of preventive biomechanics. Results: Investigators have identified neuromuscular training protocols that screen for and correct the underlying biomechanical deficits that lead to ACL injuries. The literature shows that when athletes comply with these prescribed training protocols, the incidence of injuries is significantly reduced within that population. Such preventive biomechanics practices employ basic training methods that would be familiar to athletic coaches and have the potential to save billions of dollars in cost in sports medicine. Conclusion: The widespread implementation of preventive biomechanics concepts could profoundly affect the field of sports medicine with a minimum of initial investment.

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Glazier, Paul S., and Sina Mehdizadeh. "Challenging Conventional Paradigms in Applied Sports Biomechanics Research." Sports Medicine 49, no. 2 (December 3, 2018): 171–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-018-1030-1.

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Machado, G., and L. Trabucho. "Some results in topology optimization applied to biomechanics." Computers & Structures 82, no. 17-19 (July 2004): 1389–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compstruc.2004.03.034.

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Wallace, Brian, and Thomas Kernozek. "Self-efficacy theory applied to undergraduate biomechanics instruction." Journal of Hospitality, Leisure, Sport & Tourism Education 20 (June 2017): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhlste.2016.11.001.

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Schwameder, Hermann. "Issues and challenges of applied sport biomechanics research." Journal of Biomechanics 40 (January 2007): S14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(07)70013-1.

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Klapsing, G. Morey, M. Castañer Balcells, C. Torrents Martín, and T. Jofre Marin. "B-8 Applied Biomechanics: Aesthetic Perception in Dance." Journal of Biomechanics 43 (June 2010): S26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(10)70045-2.

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Ehlers, W., N. Karajan, B. Markert, and A. Acartürk. "Continuum Biomechanics Applied to the Human Intervertebral Disc." PAMM 5, no. 1 (December 2005): 27–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pamm.200510008.

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Genaldy, Ashraf, and Abdolazim Houshyar. "Optimization Techniques in Occupational Biomechanics." Proceedings of the Human Factors Society Annual Meeting 33, no. 11 (October 1989): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193128903301110.

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In most detailed representations of joint mechanics incorporating the effects of muscle forces in biomechanical models the number of available force-carrying structures crossing the joints are in excess of the number of available equilibrium of the joint. Unless one makes gross anatomical and functional simplifications, the mathematical description of joint mechanics involves an undetermined set of equations. Different approaches have been taken by researchers to solve this statically indeterminate problem, but the intuitive reasonableness of optimization in body function has led investigators to use numeral optimization procedures in the prediction of muscle force activity. This paper reviews and evaluates various optimization techniques applied to occupational biomechanics.

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Chen, Chaorong, J. F. Reed, D. C. Rice, W. Gee, D. P. Updike, and E. P. Salathe. "Biomechanics of Ocular Pneumoplethysmography." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 115, no. 3 (August 1, 1993): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2895480.

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A mathematical analysis of ocular pneumoplethysmography is presented, based on the physiological, anatomical, and biomechanical properties of the eye. Ocular pneumoplethysmography is a clinical procedure involving elevation of intraocular pressure, by application of a suction cup to the sclera, to a level that exceeds ophthalmic artery systolic pressure. As decay in intraocular pressure is allowed, return of retinal artery pulsations indicates ophthalmic artery systolic pressure. We obtain a quantitative relationship between increase in intraocular pressure and applied vacuum, and compare the theoretical predictions with experiments on rabbits in which a variable descending vacuum was applied to bilateral scleral eyecups. The bilateral intraocular pressures were simultaneously recorded from cannulae in the respective vitreous bodies, and the pressures at which return of ocular pulsations were observed were correlated with the scleral vacuums. Regression lines were calculated for three serial determinations in each animal, with two groups of animals distinguished by the inner diameter of the eyecups used. The theoretical results indicate that the relationship between intraocular pressure increase and applied vacuum is independent of Young’s modulus, and depends primarily on the ratio of the diameter of the vacuum cup to the diameter of the eye.

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Sejda, František, Karel Frydrýšek, Martin Pompach, and Roman Litner. "Biomechanics – Elastic Foundation Applied in Modelling of Calcaneal Nails." Scientific Proceedings Faculty of Mechanical Engineering 23, no. 1 (December 1, 2015): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/stu-2015-0003.

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Abstract This paper presents a strength analysis of a calcaneal nail (material Ti6Al4V and stainless steel) which is used to treat complex heel fractures. The application focuses on a unique calcaneal nail, the C-NAIL, produced by Medin a.s. (Nové Město na Moravě, Czech Republic). The paper first presents an analysis of fracture types, treatment methods and loading of the calcaneus. It then presents an analysis of limit conditions and loading. Calculations (displacement and stress) are performed for 6 and 7 fixing screws using FEM (Ansys Workbench 14 software). The calculation involves a new, original application of an elastic foundation, which effectively replaces the complex interaction of the calcaneal nail and the heel bone.

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Dias, João, Ricardo Portal, and Tiago Paulino. "FORENSIC INJURY BIOMECHANICS METHODOLOGIES APPLIED TO TRAFFIC ACCIDENT RECONSTRUCTION." Journal of Biomechanics 45 (July 2012): S210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0021-9290(12)70211-7.

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Llopis-Albert, Carlos, Francisco Rubio, Shouzhen Zeng, and Huchang Liao. "Applied Mathematics for Engineering Problems in Biomechanics and Robotics." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (April 21, 2019): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2578916.

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Hindman, Bradley J., Brandon G. Santoni, Christian M. Puttlitz, Robert P. From, and Michael M. Todd. "Intubation Biomechanics." Anesthesiology 121, no. 2 (August 1, 2014): 260–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000000263.

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Abstract Introduction: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation in the presence of cervical spine instability may put patients at risk of cervical cord injury. Nevertheless, the biomechanics of intubation (cervical spine motion as a function of applied force) have not been characterized. This study characterized and compared the relationship between laryngoscope force and cervical spine motion using two laryngoscopes hypothesized to differ in force. Methods: Fourteen adults undergoing elective surgery were intubated twice (Macintosh, Airtraq). During each intubation, laryngoscope force, cervical spine motion, and glottic view were recorded. Force and motion were referenced to a preintubation baseline (stage 1) and were characterized at three stages: stage 2 (laryngoscope introduction); stage 3 (best glottic view); and stage 4 (endotracheal tube in trachea). Results: Maximal force and motion occurred at stage 3 and differed between the Macintosh and Airtraq: (1) force: 48.8 ± 15.8 versus 10.4 ± 2.8 N, respectively, P = 0.0001; (2) occiput-C5 extension: 29.5 ± 8.5 versus 19.1 ± 8.7 degrees, respectively, P = 0.0023. Between stages 2 and 3, the motion/force ratio differed between Macintosh and Airtraq: 0.5 ± 0.2 versus 2.0 ± 1.4 degrees/N, respectively; P = 0.0006. Discussion: The relationship between laryngoscope force and cervical spine motion is: (1) nonlinear and (2) differs between laryngoscopes. Differences between laryngoscopes in motion/force relationships are likely due to: (1) laryngoscope-specific cervical extension needed for intubation, (2) laryngoscope-specific airway displacement/deformation needed for intubation, and (3) cervical spine and airway tissue viscoelastic properties. Cervical spine motion during endotracheal intubation is not directly proportional to force. Low-force laryngoscopes cannot be assumed to result in proportionally low cervical spine motion.

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Zhang, Li, Geng Liu, Bing Han, Zhe Wang, Yuzhou Yan, Jianbing Ma, and Pingping Wei. "Knee Joint Biomechanics in Physiological Conditions and How Pathologies Can Affect It: A Systematic Review." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2020 (April 4, 2020): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/7451683.

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The knee joint, as the main lower limb motor joint, is the most vulnerable and susceptible joint. The knee injuries considerably impact the normal living ability and mental health of patients. Understanding the biomechanics of a normal and diseased knee joint is in urgent need for designing knee assistive devices and optimizing a rehabilitation exercise program. In this paper, we systematically searched electronic databases (from 2000 to November 2019) including ScienceDirect, Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, and IEEE/IET Electronic Library for potentially relevant articles. After duplicates were removed and inclusion criteria applied to the titles, abstracts, and full text, 138 articles remained for review. The selected articles were divided into two groups to be analyzed. Firstly, the real movement of a normal knee joint and the normal knee biomechanics of four kinds of daily motions in the sagittal and coronal planes, which include normal walking, running, stair climbing, and sit-to-stand, were discussed and analyzed. Secondly, an overview of the current knowledge on the movement biomechanical effects of common knee musculoskeletal disorders and knee neurological disorders were provided. Finally, a discussion of the existing problems in the current studies and some recommendation for future research were presented. In general, this review reveals that there is no clear assessment about the biomechanics of normal and diseased knee joints at the current state of the art. The biomechanics properties could be significantly affected by knee musculoskeletal or neurological disorders. Deeper understanding of the biomechanics of the normal and diseased knee joint will still be an urgent need in the future.

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Yoganandan, N., and F. A. Pintar. "Inertial Loading of the Human Cervical Spine." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 119, no. 3 (August 1, 1997): 237–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2796086.

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While the majority of experimental cervical spine biomechanics research has been conducted using slowly applied forces and/or moments, or dynamically applied forces with contact, little research has been performed to delineate the biomechanics of the human neck under inertial “noncontact” type forces. This study was designed to develop a comprehensive methodology to induce these loads. A minisled pendulum experimental setup was designed to test specimens (such as human cadaver neck) at subfailure or failure levels under different loading modalities including flexion, extension, and lateral bending. The system allows acceleration/deceleration input with varying wave form shapes. The test setup dynamically records the input and output strength information such as forces, accelerations, moments, and angular velocities; it also has the flexibility to obtain the temporal overall and local kinematic data of the cervical spine components at every vertebral level. These data will permit a complete biomechanical structural analysis. In this paper, the feasibility of the methodology is demonstrated by subjecting a human cadaver head-neck complex with intact musculature and skin under inertial flexion and extension whiplash loading at two velocities.

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Llopis-Albert, Carlos, Francisco Rubio, Shouzhen Zeng, and Huchang Liao. "Applied Mathematics for Engineering Problems in Biomechanics and Robotics 2020." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2022 (April 15, 2022): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9815089.

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POTOP, Vladimir, and Veaceslav MANOLACHI. "The Scientific Impact of Applied Biomechanics Research in Artistic Gymnastics." Revista Romaneasca pentru Educatie Multidimensionala 12, no. 3 (September 21, 2020): 213–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/rrem/12.3/318.

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Jenkins, Simon. "Book Review: Applied Anatomy and Biomechanics in Sport, 2nd Edition." International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 4, no. 2 (June 2009): 293–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1260/174795409788549535.

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Carson, Howie J., and Dave Collins. "Comment on: “Challenging Conventional Paradigms in Applied Sports Biomechanics Research”." Sports Medicine 49, no. 5 (March 18, 2019): 827–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01094-w.

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Malugin, B. E., E. G. Solodkova, S. V. Balalin, V. S. Kulikov, and E. V. Lobanov. "Evaluation of changes in corneal biomechanics in eyes with keratectasia." Modern technologies in ophtalmology, no. 5 (October 20, 2021): 179–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.25276/2312-4911-2021-5-179-187.

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Purpose. To make a comparative analysis of topographic, tomographic and biomechanical values, measured by Pentacam HR and Corvis ST, in healthy multirefractive cohort versus patients with keratectasia of various severity. Material and methods. The prospective study comprised 237 patients aged from 18 to 47 years, subdivided into three groups. The first group included 174 healthy persons with various refraction (174 eyes). The second and the third group embraced 63 patients with keratoconus: 36 patients (36 eyes) with keratoconus of the I degree and 27 eyes with keratoconus of the II and III degrees. Besides the conventional comprehensive ocular examination the following studies were performed in all the patients: evaluation of topographic, tomographic and biomechanical corneal properties with application of Pentacam HR and Corvis ST (OCULUS Optikgerate GmbH; Wetzlar, Germany). Results. It was revealed that the following biomechanical values, assessed by means of Pentacam HR and Corvis ST, exhibited statistically significant changes (p<0,001) in all degrees of ketatoconus: a relative corneal thickness by Ambrosio, inverted radius of applanation curvature (IntRadius), DA Ratio Coefficient, values of corneal rigidity – SP-A 1 and SSI. Conclusion. The detected parameters may be applied as indicators, allowing to evaluate corneal biomechanics, to define early features of ectatic process, to assess effectiveness of the performed corneal collagen crosslinking and intralamellar keratoplasty with implantation of corneal segments. Key words: keratoconus, corneal biomechanics, pachymetry, index of pachymetric progression, corneal viscoelasticity.

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Hood, Simon, Thomas McBain, Matt Portas, and Iain Spears. "Measurement in Sports Biomechanics." Measurement and Control 45, no. 6 (July 2012): 182–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002029401204500604.

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One of the major roles of a sports biomechanist or coach is to assess the movement patterns within sports performances. Movements can be analysed to enhance an individual's technique in terms of efficiency or to provide technical advantage. This paper aims to highlight the different measurement techniques available for the biomechanist to assess the movement characteristics of the technical and mechanical aspects of athletic performance.

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Razu, Swithin, Keiichi Kuroki, James Cook, and Trent Guess. "Function of the Anterior Intermeniscal Ligament." Journal of Knee Surgery 31, no. 01 (March 29, 2017): 068–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0037-1600089.

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AbstractThe function and importance of the anterior intermeniscal ligament (AIML) of the knee are not fully known. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical and sensorimotor function of the AIML. Computational analysis was used to assess AIML and tibiomeniscofemoral biomechanics under combined translational and rotational loading applied during dynamic knee flexion–extension. Histologic and immunohistochemical examination was used to identify and characterize neural elements in the tissue. The computational models were created from anatomy and passive motion of two female subjects and histologic examinations were conducted on AIMLs retrieved from 10 fresh-frozen cadaveric knees. It was found that AIML strain increased with compressive knee loading and that external rotation of the tibia unloads the AIML, suppressing the relationship between AIML strain and compressive knee loads. Extensive neural elements were located throughout the AIML tissue and these elements were distributed across the three AIML anatomical types. The AIMLs have a beneficial influence on knee biomechanics with decreased meniscal load sharing with AIML loss. The AIML plays a significant biomechanical and neurologic role in the sensorimotor functions of the knee. The major role for the AIML may primarily involve its neurologic function.

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Kuo, Arthur D., and J. Maxwell Donelan. "Dynamic Principles of Gait and Their Clinical Implications." Physical Therapy 90, no. 2 (February 1, 2010): 157–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20090125.

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A healthy gait pattern depends on an array of biomechanical features, orchestrated by the central nervous system for economy and stability. Injuries and other pathologies can alter these features and result in substantial gait deficits, often with detrimental consequences for energy expenditure and balance. An understanding of the role of biomechanics in the generation of healthy gait, therefore, can provide insight into these deficits. This article examines the basic principles of gait from the standpoint of dynamic walking, an approach that combines an inverted pendulum model of the stance leg with a pendulum model of the swing leg and its impact with the ground. The heel-strike at the end of each step has dynamic effects that can contribute to a periodic gait and its passive stability. Biomechanics, therefore, can account for much of the gait pattern, with additional motor inputs that are important for improving economy and stability. The dynamic walking approach can predict the consequences of disruptions to normal biomechanics, and the associated observations can help explain some aspects of impaired gait. This article reviews the basic principles of dynamic walking and the associated experimental evidence for healthy gait and then considers how the principles may be applied to clinical gait pathologies.

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Xu, Tao, Tatsuo Yoshino, Shujun Zhang, Guowu Wei, and Zhixin Liu. "Bionics and Human Biomechanics Applied in Intelligent Crash Tests of Cars." Applied Bionics and Biomechanics 2019 (January 8, 2019): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8750413.

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38

Knudson, Duane. "Twenty-Year Trends of Authorship and Sampling in Applied Biomechanics Research." Perceptual and Motor Skills 114, no. 1 (February 2012): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/11.pms.114.1.16-20.

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McElroy, Eric J., Diego Sustaita, and Lance D. McBrayer. "Applied Functional Biology: Linking Ecological Morphology to Conservation and Management." Integrative and Comparative Biology 60, no. 2 (June 19, 2020): 402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icb/icaa076.

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Synopsis Many researchers work at the interface of organisms and environment. Too often, the insights that organismal, or functional, biologists can bring to the understanding of natural history, ecology, and conservation of species are overlooked. Likewise, natural resource managers are frequently focused on the management of populations and communities, while ignoring key functional traits that might explain variation in abundance and shifts in species composition at these ecological levels. Our intention for this symposium is two-fold: (1) to bring to light current and future research in functional and ecological morphology applicable to concerns and goals of wildlife management and conservation and (2) to show how such studies can result in measurable benchmarks useful to regulatory agencies. Symposium topics reveal past, present, and future collaborations between functional morphologists/biomechanists and conservation/wildlife biologists. During the SICB 2020 Annual Meeting, symposium participants demonstrated how data gathered to address fundamental questions regarding the causes and consequences of organismal form and function can also help address issues of conservation and wildlife management. Here we review how these, and other, studies of functional morphology, biomechanics, ecological development morphology and performance can inform wildlife conservation and management, principally by identifying candidate functional traits that have clear fitness consequences and population level implications.

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Taha, Zahari, and Abdelhakim Deboucha. "Development of Synchronized Biomechanics Sensors Detection Software." Advanced Materials Research 706-708 (June 2013): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.706-708.771.

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Biomechanics is a relatively new discipline where engineering and mechanics principles are applied to the understanding of biological organism. Biomechanics simply taking place to study the mechanics of tissues, joints, human movements, circulatory system and digestive tract. One of the most challenging applications of biomechanics is in the field of sports and sports medicine in which the prevention of sports injuries is highly required. To understand and to diagnosis tissues abnormalities, mechanics of neuromuscular control, mechanics of cardiovascular function, a synchronizing interface with multi biomechanics sensors is developed in this effort. The interface shows different data recorded from several sensors during a physical activity made by the subject. These synchronized and combined data will help the user to make a specific diagnosis of the subject health. Moreover, these data will give an insight understanding on the correlation between variety aspects of biomechanics.

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Izzo, R., A. A. Diano, and M. Muto. "Biomechanics of the Spine." Rivista di Neuroradiologia 15, no. 6 (December 2002): 715–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/197140090201500609.

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Biomechanics of the spine is a vast area of research that has generated numerous studiesin recent years on the part of doctors (mainly orthopaedic surgeons), bioengineers and physicists. This paper is a short introduction to some of the topics of major interest in spine biomechanics. The first topic is the development of the spine with a “mechanical” explanation of the physiological curvatures. As the spine is a multiarticular complex structure, understanding the mechanism responsible for its dynamics requires in-depth knowledge of the spine's basic components: the vertebrae and their architecture, the intervertebral joints, the ligaments and muscles. A short morphofunctional description of each of these anatomical parts is given mentioning their biomechanical features. Of particular interest, in relation to spinal trauma, is the architecture of the cancellous bone of the vertebrae responsible for most resistance to compressive weight loads. This specific characteristic is gradually lost over the years either due to disease or to a progressive resorption of the horizontal lamellae and thinning of the vertical columns typical of osteoporosis. Numerous studies have been conducted in vivo and in vitro to shed light on the mechanisms leading to particular traumatic lesions or degenerative arthrosis. These have given rise to various theories formulated to account for the distribution of loads and strength in the elements making up the functional spinal unit. These theories include the old “two vertical columns” theory, subsequently replaced by the “three columns theory”, and the latest “four columns” model which divides the spine longitudinally depending on carrying strength. The latest theory was formulated in the wake of in vivo CT studies using an axial loading device which allows axial loads to be applied even though patients are in a supine position. A short mention is made of the possible biomechanical applications of neuroradiological techniques, namely cine-MR scans, which allow detailed study of the ligaments, muscles and disc, especially the cervical spine under dynamic conditions. Lastly, the controversial concept of spinal stability and instability is discussed. Further studies are necessary to establish appropriate criteria for treatment of traumatic or degenerative lesions since an impairment to spine statics can result in permanent neurological damage.

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Jung, Erik, Cheryl Lin, Martin Contreras, and Mircea Teodorescu. "Applied Machine Learning on Phase of Gait Classification and Joint-Moment Regression." Biomechanics 2, no. 1 (February 1, 2022): 44–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomechanics2010006.

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Traditionally, monitoring biomechanics parameters requires a significant amount of sensors to track exercises such as gait. Both research and clinical studies have relied on intricate motion capture studios to yield precise measurements of movement. We propose a method that captures motion independently of optical hardware with the specific goal of identifying the phases of gait using joint angle measurement approaches like IMU (inertial measurement units) sensors. We are proposing a machine learning approach to progressively reduce the feature number (joint angles) required to classify the phases of gait without a significant drop in accuracy. We found that reducing the feature number from six (every joint used) to three reduces the mean classification accuracy by only 4.04%, while reducing the feature number from three to two drops mean classification accuracy by 7.46%. We extended gait phase classification by using the biomechanics simulation package, OpenSim, to generalize a set of required maximum joint moments to transition between phases. We believe this method could be used for applications other than monitoring the phases of gait with direct application to medical and assistive technology fields.

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Xu, Hao, Wen Ju, Neng Xu, Xiaojian Zhang, Xiaodong Zhu, LiFan Zhu, Xuefeng Qian, Fengbiao Wen, Weidong Wu, and Fugui Jiang. "Biomechanical Comparison of Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion With 1 or 2 Cages by Finite-Element Analysis." Operative Neurosurgery 73, no. 2 (April 29, 2013): ons198—ons205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000430320.39870.f7.

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Abstract BACKGROUND: Anterior lumbar interbody fusion and posterior lumbar interbody fusion with 1 cage have been shown to have similar biomechanics compared with the use of 2 cages. However, there have been no reports on the biomechanical differences between using 1 or 2 cages in transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) surgery. OBJECTIVE: To determine the biomechanical differences between the use of 1 or 2 cages in TLIF by finite-element analysis. METHODS: Three validated finite-element models of the L3-L5 lumbar segment were created (intact model and single- and paired-cage TLIF models). To study the biomechanics, a compressive preload of 400 N over 7.5 N-m was applied to the superior surfaces of the L3 vertebral body to simulate flexion, extension, rotation, and lateral bending. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in the range of motion between single-cage and paired-cage TLIF models, < 1° for all loading cases. Cage stress was high in the single-cage TLIF model under all loading conditions. Bone graft stress was high in the single-cage TLIF model. Pedicle screw stress was higher in the single-cage compared with the paired-cage TLIF. CONCLUSION: Single-cage TLIF approximates biomechanical stability and increases the stress of the bone graft. The use of a single cage may simplify the standard TLIF procedure, shorten operative times, decrease cost, and provide satisfactory clinical outcomes. Thus, single-cage TLIF is a useful alternative to traditional 2-cage TLIF.

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Frigo, Carlo Albino. "Special Issue: Movement Biomechanics and Motor Control." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (May 6, 2020): 3237. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093237.

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Khanjari, Yaser. "Comparing Dominant and Non-Dominant Hand Performance with Force Changes In a Two-Hand Equilibrium Task: A Challenge to Dominant Hand Theories." Journal of Sport Biomechanics 7, no. 4 (March 6, 2022): 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/biomechanics.7.4.300.2.

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Objective: Although most studies believe that the dominant hand performs better than the non-dominant hand in performing various tasks, there is still the challenge among researchers as to why the non-dominant hand performs better than the dominant hand in certain situations and tasks. The aim of this study was to compare dominant and non-dominant hand performance with force changes in a two-handed balance task. Methods: The samples of this study consisted of 30 male and female subjects with a mean and standard deviation of 28 ± 6.5 years. This research was conducted in Shiraz Health Center. In this study, a Huber device was used to measure hand function. Results: The results of the independent t-test showed that when the force on the handle sensor was the same in both hands, the performance of the dominant and non-dominant hand did not differ significantly (P>0.05). However, the dominant hand performed better when the dominant hand-applied more force and the non-dominant hand performed better than the dominant hand when the non-dominant hand applied more force to the handles (P<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the performance of the superior hand is not always better than the non-superior hand and the performance of both hands depends on the type of task, synthetic factors (force), and the amount of attention to each hand. These results support the theory of dynamic systems and the specialized hemisphere model in hand control.

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Tanishita, Kazuo, Akinori Ueda, Ryo Sudo, Mariko Ikeda, and Toshihiro Mitaka. "Cellular biomechanics applied to tissue engineering : Reconstruction of vessel network formation in cultured cell structures(Plenary Lectures)." Proceedings of the Asian Pacific Conference on Biomechanics : emerging science and technology in biomechanics 2004.1 (2004): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeapbio.2004.1.1.

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Fernández Álvarez, José Jaime, JORGE ROCES GARCIA, and JAVIER PENA VAZQUEZ. "GENERATION AND SIMULATION OF BIOMECHANICAL MODELS OF BONE-PROSTHESIS SETS IN REVERSE TOTAL SHOULDER ARTHROPLASTY SURGERIES." DYNA NEW TECHNOLOGIES 9, no. 1 (June 6, 2022): [10P.]. http://dx.doi.org/10.6036/nt10496.

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ABSTRACT: In last years, biomechanical investigations have led to a better understanding of the biomechanics of the glenohumeral joint, and this development, has allowed the development of a new prosthesis design named reverse shoulder prosthesis in which the hemisphere is placed in the glenoid cavity, favoring the function of the deltoid and helping in this way to reduce some post-surgery complications in patients with damage in their rotor cuff, fractures or degenerative problems. When this implant is placed to replace the shoulder joint, a loss in bone density can occur due to changes in the internal tensions generated by the bone-prosthesis system. In this context, a new methodology had been created to be able to generate a digital twin from computed tomography (CT) scan to use in a CAD-FEM environment with the mechanical properties of the bones and where a virtual surgery can be made and then simulate the performance of the implant. These models allow the simulation of different scenarios after the virtual surgery is performed. A case study of a patient with four fragment fracture of the humeral head has been developed with the new methodology. The results suggest that in certain fragments, the internal stresses vary in a significative way according with the force applied on the sutures. Keywords: 3D biomechanical models, Finite Element Simulation, Reverse shoulder prosthesis, Biomechanics, Digital Twin

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O'Dell, Katharine K., and Abraham N. Morse. "It's Not All About Birth: Biomechanics Applied to Pelvic Organ Prolapse Prevention." Journal of Midwifery & Women's Health 53, no. 1 (January 2, 2008): 28–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmwh.2007.08.015.

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Almeida, Joana Lopes, and Renato Natal Jorge. "Review of Research Studies on Biomechanics of Swallowing and Dysphagia." U.Porto Journal of Engineering 5, no. 2 (November 29, 2019): 61–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.24840/2183-6493_005.002_0007.

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Dysphagia is a prevalent condition characterised by the dysfunction/ incoordination of the anatomical structures involved in the swallowing biomechanics. Dysphagia can have serious clinical consequences such as pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration and even death. It implies a high negative impact on patients quality of life and may also represent increased financial costs in order to treat associated complications. It is essential to correctly identify and evaluate patients with this problem. However, the gold standard diagnostic exams present risk of aspiration, they are uncomfortable and invasive, and still present other inherent disadvantages/risks related with the technique itself. The simulation area may contribute to a more detailed knowledge of the swallowing biomechanics and, when applied to pathologic scenarios (i.e. dysphagia), to identify higher risk patients and manage the treatment in a more adequate and specific way. It will also seems to be able to reduce the use of invasive techniques, excessive radiation and associated economical costs. The aim of this paper is to review the existing research studies on biomechanical mechanisms of swallowing and dysphagia. Computer simulation seems to be a solution to better understand these mechanisms and even to reduce clinical disadvantages when compared with the available diagnostic methods used with these patients.

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DiAngelo, Denis J., Jeffrey L. Scifert, Scott Kitchel, G. Bryan Cornwall, and Bobby J. McVay. "Bioabsorbable anterior lumbar plate fixation in conjunction with cage-assisted anterior interbody fusion." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 97, no. 4 (November 2002): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2002.97.4.0447.

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Object. An in vitro biomechanical study was conducted to determine the effects of anterior stabilization on cage-assisted lumbar interbody fusion biomechanics in a multilevel human cadaveric lumbar spine model. Methods. Three spine conditions were compared: harvested, bilateral multilevel cages (CAGES), and CAGES with bioabsorbable anterior plates (CBAP), tested under flexion—extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation. Measurements included vertebral motion, applied load, and bending/rotational moments. Application of anterior fixation decreased local motion and increased stiffness of the instrumented levels. Clinically, this spinal stability may serve to promote fusion. Conclusions. Coupled with the bioabsorbability of the plating material, the bioabsorbable anterior lumbar plating system is considered biomechanically advantageous.

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