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Статті в журналах з теми "ASEAN-6 countries"
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Oktavia, Indriana, and Kiki Verico. "THE AWAKENING OF INVESTMENT CREATION: A CASE STUDY FROM SOUTH-EAST ASIA." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 14, no. 2 (December 18, 2020): 177–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v14i2.438.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstrak
ASEAN membentuk integrasi ekonomi, seperti ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), AFTA+1, dan ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), untuk meningkatkan perdagangan intra dan investasi antarnegara ASEAN. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti dampak integrasi ekonomi ASEAN terhadap ASEAN FDI (AFDI) dan perdagangan intra ASEAN (AIT). Penelitian ini menggunakan data sepuluh negara ASEAN dan enam negara mitra selama periode 2001-2017 dan di estimasi dengan menggunakan Generalized Least-Square (GLS). Hasil estimasi menunjukkan CEPT-AFTA ASEAN6 tidak dapat meningkatkan AIT dan AFDI. Dampak positif CEPT-AFTA pada AFDI dan AIT hanya terjadi pada tahun 2015, meskipun dampak pada AIT tidak signifikan. Penelitian ini mengindikasikan bahwa AFTA+ dapat meningkatkan AIT dan AFDI antara negara-negara ASEAN+6. AEC memiliki dampak positif pada AFDI dan dampak negatif pada AIT. Penelitian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa jika dengan kerangka ASEAN+ menyebabkan investment creation di kawasan ASEAN+6. Untuk memperkuat perdagangan dan investasi, maka pemerintah perlu memperkuat kerja sama melalui Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP).
Kata Kunci: ASEAN, FDI, AFTA, Perdagangan Intra, AEC
Abstract
ASEAN created several economic integrations, such as the ASEAN Free Trade Area (AFTA), AFTA+1, and ASEAN Economic Community (AEC), to increase intra-trade and investment between ASEAN countries. This study aimed to examine the impact of ASEAN economic integration to ASEAN FDI (AFDI) and ASEAN Intra-Trade (AIT). The data consists of ten ASEAN countries and six partner countries from 2001 to 2017. It was estimated using the Generalized Least-Square (GLS). Estimation results showed that CEPT-AFTA ASEAN6 could not increase AIT and AFDI. The positive impact of CEPT-AFTA on AFDI and AIT occurred in 2015, with insignificance on AIT. The study also indicated that AFTA+ could increase AIT and AFDI between ASEAN+6 countries. Contrarily, AEC provided a positive impact on AFDI and an insignificant negative impact on AIT. The study concluded that the ASEAN+ framework causes investment creation in ASEAN and partner countries. The government needs to strengthen cooperation through Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) to escalate FDI and trade.
Keywords: ASEAN, FDI, AFTA, Intra-Trade, AEC
JEL Classification: F13, F14, F15
2
Chancharat, Surachai, Nuttida Thongrak, and Suthasinee Suwannapak. "Stock market anomalies in ASEAN+6 countries." International Journal of Economic Policy in Emerging Economies 1, no. 1 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1504/ijepee.2021.10039232.
Повний текст джерела
3
Nguyen, Khanh Doanh, Trong Quynh Ha, and Thi Thanh Xuan Nguyen. "Untapped potential and high-tech trade." Ekonomski pregled 73, no. 6 (2022): 931–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.73.6.5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study aims to quantify the impact of untapped export potential on ASEAN-6 countries’ high-tech exports for the 2006-2016 period. Our innovative aspect sheds new light on the relationship between the untapped export potential in the previous year and export performance in the current year. Using a system GMM estimator, we found several significant results. Firstly, untapped export potential in the last year has a positive impact on ASEAN-6 countries' high-tech exports in the current year. Secondly, the effect of untapped export potential on ASEAN-6 countries' high-tech exports depends on supply competencies (ASEAN-6 countries' human capital and research and development capability) and the bilateral linkage (importing countries' trade barriers and institutional similarity between ASEAN-6 countries and importing countries). Thirdly, supply competencies are the most important when ASEAN-6 countries export high-tech goods to high-income countries. In contrast, the bilateral linkage is the most crucial when ASEAN-6 countries ship high-tech products to low-income countries. Measures to enhance human capital, upgrade research and development capability, promote trade liberalization, and minimize the institutional distance with the trading partners are the remedy for ASEAN-6 countries to tap the untapped potential.
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Sari, Willa Novita, and Alpon Satrianto. "Pengaruh Stabilitas Politik, Kriminalitas dan Daya Saing Global Terhadap Investasi Asing Langsung di 6 Negara Asean." Jurnal Kajian Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 3, no. 3 (September 1, 2021): 65. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/jkep.v3i3.12370.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Study aims to determine the effect of political stability, crime and global competitiveness on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries by using secondary data from 2013 to 2019 and using panel data regresi analysis techniques. The results show that political stability has a positive and significant impact on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. crime has a negative and significant effect on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. Global competitiveness has a positive and insignificant effect on foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. And economic growth as a control variable has a positive and insignificant effect on foreign direct investment, foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries. Together, political stability, crime, global competitiveness and economic growth affect foreign direct investment in foreign direct investment in 6 ASEAN countries.
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Kumari Selvarajan, Sonia, Rossazana Ab-Rahim, and Dyg-Affizzah Awg-Marikan. "Does Financial Liberalization Foster Economic Growth? Empirical Evidence from ASEAN-6 Countries." International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, no. 3.21 (August 8, 2018): 102. http://dx.doi.org/10.14419/ijet.v7i3.21.17103.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper aims to investigate the impacts of financial liberalization towards the economic growth in ASEAN-6 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Vietnam) throughout the study period of 1990 to 2015 by employing the Pooled Mean Group (PMG) estimations technique. The proxies for financial liberalization are the domestic private credit (DPC) and the stock market capitalization (SMC); while the indicator for economics growth is represented by gross domestic products (GDP) growth per capita. The results show greater DPC foster the ASEAN-6 economic growth in the long-run and more relaxed loans as well as non-equity securities regimes of the private sector provide greater opportunity and eventually trigger the development of the private sector which result in a healthier economy. Interestingly, the SMC results confirm the positive relationship between financial liberalization and economic growth of ASEAN-6. Hence, the results offer an evidence of the growth-stimulating effect of financial liberalization among ASEAN-6 countries.
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Ginting, Ari Mulianta. "PENGARUH PENANAMAN MODAL ASING TERHADAP NERACA PERDAGANGAN ASEAN-6." Buletin Ilmiah Litbang Perdagangan 9, no. 1 (July 31, 2015): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.30908/bilp.v9i1.15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui perkembangan perdagangan negara-negara ASEAN-6 dan menganalisis pengaruh aliran FDI terhadap neraca perdagangan. Studi ini menggunakan pendekatan analisis deskriptif dan regresi data panel. Studi ini menunjukkan perkembangan neraca perdagangan ASEAN-6 dari tahun 2004-2013 secara total surplus. Berdasarkan hasil analisis regresi data panel, terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara pertumbuhan FDI, GDP dan sektor manufaktur dengan pertumbuhan neraca perdagangan di negara ASEAN-6. Sementara itu terdapat pengaruh negatif antara konsumsi domestik, dan nilai tukar riil terhadap pertumbuhan neraca perdagangan. Hasil analisis regresi data panel mengindikasikan pentingnya variabel pertumbuhan FDI. Hal ini mengimplikasikan perlunya negara-negara ASEAN-6 mengeluarkan kebijakan yang tepat untuk meningkatkan aliran masuk FDI, seperti perbaikan iklim investasi dan pemberian insentif fiskal. This study sets out to explain the development of trade between ASEAN-6 countries and analyze the influence of FDI flow towards the balance of trade. This study utilizes descriptive analysis approach and panel data regression. This study shows the development of the balance of trade for ASEAN-6 trade from 2004-2013 were all surplus. Based on the panel data regression analysis, there is a positive influences of FDI, GDP, and manufacture sector on the balance of trade of ASEAN-6 countries. On the other hand, there is a negative influences of domestic consumption and real exchange on balance of trade. The analysis result from panel data regression indicates the importance of FDI growth variable. This implies a necessity for ASEAN-6 countries to issue policies that could enhance the inflow of FDI, such as improving investment climate and providing fiscal incentive.
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Irfan, Aulia, and Hasdi Aimon. "Pertumbuhan Ekonomi, Korupsi dan Foreign Direct Investment (FDI): Studi pada Lower Middle Income Countries ASEAN." Ecosains: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 9, no. 1 (May 4, 2020): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ecosains.11549657.00.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study intends to look at the causality relationship between economic growth, corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) in lower middle income countries in ASEAN. This study uses panel data starting from 2009-2018, which consists of 6 countries in ASEAN using the Vector Auto Regression (VPAR) processing method. The results of this study show that: (1) No causal relationship was found between economic growth and corruption in lower middle income countries in ASEAN, but only had a one-way relationship of economic growth against corruption in lower middle income countries in ASEAN, (2) No found a causal relationship between economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) in lower middle income countries in ASEAN, both one way and reciprocity, (3) No causal relationship was found between corruption and foreign direct investment (FDI) in lower middle income countries in ASEAN, but has a one-way relationship from corruption to foreign direct investment (FDI) in lower middle income countries in ASEAN
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Komariyah, Siti, Lilis Yuliati, Moh Adenan, and Fajar Wahyu P. "The impact of pandemic COVID-19 on remittances and macroeconomy fundamental in ASEAN 6." Jurnal Perspektif Pembiayaan dan Pembangunan Daerah 10, no. 1 (April 30, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22437/ppd.v10i1.15476.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Globalization and liberalization increasingly provide opportunities for each country to increase regional and global cooperation. Socio-economic integration is also increasing, along with community cooperation in the regional and global scope. This study aims to determine the effect of remittances and other macroeconomic variables such as FDI, inflation, and export-import on GDP per capita in ASEAN 6 countries. The panel data analysis method used is regression using panel data sourced from the World Bank and ASEAN datasets in the form of annual data. The estimation results from FEM found that exports and remittances showed a significant positive effect on GDP per capita in ASEAN 6. In addition, imports showed a significant negative effect on GDP per capita in ASEAN 6. Meanwhile, several macroeconomic variables that were not significant were FDI, which showed a significant negative effect. Positive but not significant, inflation has a negative but not significant effect on GDP per capita in ASEAN 6. The emphasis on the positive effect of remittances on GDP per capita proves that the flow of remittances into developing countries will help increase income per capita. Vice versa, a crisis that hinders the increase in the enthusiasm of emigrants. The COVID-19 pandemic delays the emigrant's production activities and increases that will hinder the flow of remittances into the country of origin, such as in ASEAN 6 countries.
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Putra, Andre, and Melti Roza Adry. "Pengaruh Pertumbuhan Ekonomi terhadap Kualitas Lingkungan di 6 Negara Asean." Ecosains: Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi dan Pembangunan 11, no. 2 (November 4, 2022): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.24036/ecosains.12073357.00.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This study examines the analysis of the effect of economic growth onenvironmental quality in 6 ASEAN countries. This research type is descriptiveand inductive research. The data used is panel data for 6 ASEAN countries fromthe period 2008 to the period 2019. Descriptive and inductive analysistechniques. The inductive analysis includes (1) a t-test and (2) F test with a 5%significance level. The analytical method used in this research is the RobustMethod of Panel Data Regression Analysis. The results of this study indicatethat (1) linear economic growth has a positive and insignificant effect onenvironmental quality, (2) non-linear economic growth has a negative andinsignificant effect on environmental quality, and (3) energy consumption has apositive and insignificant effect on environmental quality. environment, (4)transportation infrastructure has a positive and insignificant effect onenvironmental quality in 6 ASEAN countries.
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Syafi'i, Imam, Fauzan Abdul Syakur, and Muhammad Ghafur Wibowo. "Pengaruh Utang Luar Negeri, Inflasi, dan Pendapatan Negara terhadap Pertumbuhan Ekonomi: Studi di 6 Negara Asean." WELFARE Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi 2, no. 1 (May 30, 2021): 36–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.37058/wlfr.v2i1.2672.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This research was conducted to measure the main influence of external debt, inflation and state income on the economic growth in Six (6) ASEAN countries using a quantitative approach. The population of this study includes 6 ASEAN countries for the periods of 2015-2019 using data from The World Bank. The method of analysis using Panel Data methods. Meanwhile, the model specification test is done by using the Random Effect Model as the suitability model. The results of this current study showed that inflation and GDP partially had a significant and negative effect on the economic growth of ASEAN countries, while the effect of external debt on economic growth is not significant. These findings are expected to make a positive contribution to the government in maintaining economic stability.Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui pengaruh utang luar negeri, inflasi dan pendapatan negara terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi di 6 (enam) negara ASEAN dengan menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif. Populasi penelitian ini mencakup 6 negara ASEAN sepanjang periode2015-2019. Data diambil dari Bank Dunia. Metode analisis menggunakan Data Panel. Sedangkan pengujian spesifikasi model dilakukan dengan menggunakan Random Effect Model sebagai model kesesuaian. Temuan hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa inflasi dan GDP secara parsial berpengaruh negatif dan signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi negara ASEAN, sedangkan utang luar negeri tidak memiliki pengaruh signifikan terhadap pertumbuhan ekonomi. Temuan ini diharapkan dapat memberikan kontribusi yang positif bagi pemerintah untuk menjaga kestabilan perekonomian.
Дисертації з теми "ASEAN-6 countries"
1
Le, Nguyen minh phuong. "Three Essays on Banking Integration in ASEAN Banking Integration in ASEAN-6: An empirical investigation Banking Integration: A Systematic Literature Review and Bibliometric Analysis Banking Integration and Market Competition Evidence from ASEAN-6 countries Banking Integration and Stability: The Trade-off between Risk Sharing and Contagion Risk." Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021UPASI002.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
L'intégration bancaire a été une source de financement importante pour le processus de redressement des économies de l'ASEAN ces dernières années. Ces liens bancaires apportent de nombreux avantages vitaux, notammentsous la forme d'une diversification pour les banques et d'un partage des risques, mais ils ont aussi des coûts potentiels en termes de risques de contagion. Il n'est donc pas surprenant que les liens financiers, et en particulier les liens en matière de prêts bancaires, soient identifiés comme l'un des principaux canaux de transmission de la dernière crise des économies avancées vers cette région. Alors que de nombreuses recherches ont été menées dans les pays développés,, très peu d’entre elles se sont intéressées aux pays émergents, en particulier l’ASEAN. Cette thèse vise à étudier l'intégration bancaire dans les pays de l'ASEAN, en se concentrant sur plusieurs dimensions : mesures, déterminants, concurrence et stabilité. Cette thèse présente d'abord des mesures étendues de l'ouverture bancaire et du degré global équilibré d'intégration bancaire par les flux de capitaux ; elle met ensuite en évidence les principaux moteurs de l'intégration bancaire dans l'ASEAN, tels que la qualité réglementaire, la taille des banques et le risque de crédit global. Ensuite, par un modèle polynomial et un modèle à seuil, cette étude examine les effets non linéaires et hétérogènes de l'intégration bancaire sur la concurrence bancaire dans les pays de l'ASEAN. Troisièmement, le compromis entre les possibilités de partage des risques et le risque de contagion des liens bancaires a été analysé en testant comment trois aspects de l'intégration bancaire affectent la stabilité du système bancaire de l'ASEAN. Enfin, certaines suggestions concernant les implications politiques essentielles pour les autorités régionales sont examinées à la lumière des résultats, notamment dans le contexte de la Communauté économique de l'ASEANBanking integration has been a significant source of finance for the catching-up process of ASEAN economies in recent years. These banking linkages bring many vital benefits, perhaps most prominently in the form of diversification for banks and risk-sharing, but also have potential costs in terms of contagion risks. Therefore, it is not surprising that financial linkages and in particular bank lending ties have been identified as one of the main channels of transmission of the latest crisis from advanced economies to this area. While numerous research has been carried out in developed countries, there is very little research focusing on emerging markets, especially in ASEAN. This thesis aims to investigate the banking integration in ASEAN countries, focusing on several dimensions: measures, determinants, competition, and stability. This thesis first introduces extended measures of banking openness and the overall balanced degree of banking integration through capital flows; then highlights the main drivers of the banking integration in ASEAN, such as regulatory quality, bank size, and the global credit risk. Secondly, by a polynomial model and a threshold model, this study investigates the nonlinear and heterogeneous effects of banking integration on banking competition in ASEAN countries. Thirdly, the trade-off between risk-sharing possibilities and contagion risk of banking linkages was analyzed by testing how three aspects of banking integration affect the ASEAN banking system's stability. Finally, some suggestions about essential policy implications for regional authorities are discussed with the findings, especially in the context of the ASEAN Economic Community
2
Khue, Ngo Nu Dieu, and 吳女曜圭. "Threshold Effects of Inflation on Banking Sector Performance in the ASEAN-6 Countries." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35vc8d.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
財務金融系碩士班
105
This study aims to test the threshold effect of inflation on banking sector performance. Our research can be considered as one of the scant empirical studies on the inflation-threshold effect in ASEAN countries. The research applies the fixed effect models (FEM) using annual data panel of the ASEAN-6 countries including Cambodia, Indonesia, Malaysia﹐ Philippines, Thailand and Vietnam over the period of 1996-2014. Using different indicators to measure banking development, the threshold regression results show strong evidences of the inflation-threshold effect in the inflation-banking relationship. However, we found different aspects of banking activities have different levels of inflation thresholds. Therefore, the findings will be a basis for the policy-makers to determine a target inflation rate to stimulate the banking system development.
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Li, Ming-Chen, and 李明真. "The Impact of Foreign Direct Investment on Energy Consumption and Economic Growth： Evidence from ASEAN-6 Countries." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x8dcs5.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士大葉大學
管理學院碩士在職專班
103
This article investigates the relationship between foreign direct invest, energy consumption and economic growth in the case of ASEAN-6 countries covering the period 1971- 2010. In this study allows for structural breaks and cross-section dependence when analyzing the foreign direct invest, energy consumption and economic growth nexus. The empirical results indicate that there is a long-run equilibrium relationship between foreign direct invest, energy consumption and economic growth, and the impact of economic growth on foreign direct invest and energy consumption is found to be positive, the impact of foreign direct invest on energy consumption is found to be negative, the impact of foreign direct invest and energy consumption on economic growth is found to be positive. The panel causality analysis reveals the bidirectional causality between economic growth and foreign direct invest, and a unidirectional causality from energy consumption to economic growth and foreign direct invest.
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Lu, Chia-Jung, and 呂佳融. "Relative Competitiveness in Exporting Steel to the ASEAN 6 Countries— A Comparison of Taiwan, China, Japan and Korea." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/11973104484068286427.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立高雄應用科技大學
國際企業系碩士在職專班
102
This study focuses on the total sum of steel exports of Taiwan, China, Japan and Korea within the major six of the association (Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines) in ASEAN during 2004 to 2012 based on the UN Comtrade Database and the Bureau of Foreign Trade Database, and Ministry of Economic Affairs of the Republic of China in analyzing the export performance of steel #72 of the HS Code (Harmonized System Codes) in Southeast Asian market. Japan leads by over 30% annually, followed by China's 20%; the first two occupied nearly half of the total amount whereas Taiwan was still trying to secure the top three while Korea had the bronze medal in hand, according to the analysis of the Export Market Share (EMS) based on the steel exports to Southeast Asian Market in 2012. It is not surprising that Japan held a 'VH' in Revealed Comparative Advantage(RCA), however, Korea had the same 'VH' as Japan since the national export capability is being considered as a category in RCA though its export market share was lack of performance. At the same time, in steel exports, though Taiwan was not presenting the most splendor show in national EMS and in the Association of Southeast Asian Nations, still, both Taiwan and China scored an 'H' in RCA, which clearly states that Taiwan has the capability in hands in competing with other Asian countries among the rest Southeast Nations. Key words： Revealed Comparative Advantage( RCA): Export Market Share(EMS)
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LING, LU CHIUNG, and 呂瓊玲. "Strategy Research of Taiwan Consumer Electronics Products at the Asean 6 Countries(Singapore, Malaysia, Thailand, Philippines, Indonesia and Vietnam)." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/79602165912258798118.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺北大學
企業管理學系碩士在職專班
101
Since 2008 economic crisis, the worldwide economic situation is still in slow growth, except the ASEAN area. To most of companies they only can get positive and good market development from the new market – ASEAN market, compared with the sales in Europe and America. To Taiwan, more 70% GDP contribution is from export business, we have to adjust our market development strategy and focus, in order to get continuous company growth in the future. Absolutely ASEAN is the right target to Taiwan companies. To study the activity of Taiwan consumer electronics industry in the ASEAN market, to see the companies’ sales policy and promotion, to find out their key factors to success and suggestion for future plan. Also study the ASEAN market, from view of culture, geography, economic, government rule, market size, and GDP status. More understanding about ASEAN, then can have the right decision on the investment of future development. To visit the top leading consumer electronics products vendors (8 companies), to understand their policy and strategy in the ASEAN, come with SWOT analysis for suggested actions to companies and also to Taiwan government.
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Setyawan, Dhani. "Energy Intensity in Indonesia: Four Empirical Studies with Policy Implications." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/41840/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Indonesia is a large energy user, with energy supply heavily based on fossil fuels and with a long history of subsidies to energy use. The Indonesian Government has set out to make the country more energy-efficient, in the process reducing energy use per unit of real GDP (energy intensity), while reducing the reliance on fossil fuels. To contribute to improved policy development, this study attempts to identify the determinants of the changes in energy intensity across industries and relative to other countries in Indonesia's region and analyse the factors that affect energy efficiency.
To support this process, this thesis sets out to analyse changing trends in energy intensity in Indonesia relative to its ASEAN neighbours, to improve understanding of changes in energy use and energy intensity in key industries within Indonesia, to document variations in energy intensity across Indonesia’s 34 provinces and to draw from these analyses some lessons about the future direction of energy policies in Indonesia. The analysis is based on final energy consumption rather than total final energy supply, and hence excludes energy used in the production of final energy. It draws mainly on data on real value-added and energy consumption by industry from various sources. The analysis also relies heavily on decomposition analysis, enabling the change in energy intensity to be split between changes in the structure of economic activity and changes in the within-industry energy intensity.
The first research problem compares the energy intensity performance in Indonesia to other ASEAN-6 countries from 1971 to 2016. In terms of structure and industry effects on aggregate energy intensity, all the ASEAN-6 countries showed a shift in industry value added to more energy-intensive industries, which was to varying degrees offset by falling within-industry energy intensity. However, the analysis shows that both element of this trend was most pronounced in Indonesia. As the energy intensity of manufacturing and, particularly, transport, is much higher than that of the rest of the economy, by 2016 over 90% of total final energy consumption was from the manufacturing and transport sectors. For this reason, this study concentrates more detailed analysis on the manufacturing sector and transport sector.
The second research problem discusses energy intensity in the manufacturing sector from 1980 to 2015. The overall energy intensity of Indonesia’s manufacturing sectors has seen a strong and continuous decline, with a reduction of 65% over the 35 years, reinforced by some limited changes in industry structure towards lower intensity. Over the whole period, this reduction was dominated by increases in energy efficiency within industries, as indicated by a 62% fall in the within-industry intensive index. By contrast, the effect of moving to a less intensive industry structure was much less important (a 9% fall in the structural index). The greatest rise in energy efficiency within the industry happened before the Financial Crisis (from 1980 to 97). The shock of the Financial Crisis saw an unexpected reaction when value-added fell by 13% but energy use remained largely unchanged, implying a rise in energy intensity. From 2000 to 2015 the earlier trends resumed, but at a more subdued pace, where over this period aggregate intensity fell by 23%.
The third research problem presents a review of energy intensity in the transportation sector from 2000 to 2016. Energy use in transport grew more slowly than overall energy use in Indonesia for about 30 years after 1971, falling from 58% of the total in 1971 to only 38% in 2000, but since surged back to 51% by 2016. Over 2000 to 2016 total final energy consumption in transport has grown by 10% per annum so that transport now provides a large and rapidly growing component of total energy use. In 2016, almost all passenger kilometres are travelled on roads (95.6%), with virtually no rail (0.5%) or water (0.3%) passenger travel, but with a small but rising share of air travel (3.6%). Rail is also absent in freight movements in Indonesia, accounting for only 0.2% of total tonne-kilometre movements in 2016, which are mainly divided between road for 41.1% and water for 53.6% in 2016, although air freight is rising rapidly, reaching 5.0% in 2016.
The fourth research problem investigates the disparities of energy usage levels specifically in energy intensity amongst 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2015. The results capture the existence of a convergence process and the shrinking in energy usage disparities across the 33 provinces in Indonesia from 2010 to 2015. In addition to the inequality measures, the decomposition analysis was also applied to explore the driving forces of the energy intensity across provinces in Indonesia. The results show that the structural effect was the main factor resulting in the increase in energy intensity in most provinces, while the role of intensity effect has differed in different provinces.
Regarding policy in the transport sector, the government needs to encourage rail, discourage air and continue to focus on the reduced energy intensity of road (prices, vehicle technology, and better roads). In freight, the central dynamic over 2000 to 2016 has been the modal shift from the energy-efficient water and rail to road and air. Energy efficiency policy should encourage continued freight movements by water, discourage the rise of air freight and encourage rail developments. By comparison with transport, manufacturing has seen, over the period since 1971, a steady fall in overall energy intensity, and this has continued after 2000. This has been due to strong declines in within-industry energy-intensive, with falling energy intensity across most industries at the three-digit level, and some structural changes (such as the falling share of value- added in the high energy using cement and lime sector) and more general industry upgrading. Continued attention to the modernisation of industrial technologies and structure seems necessary.
Частини книг з теми "ASEAN-6 countries"
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Verma, Pooja. "The Trade Impact of Indian Anti-Dumping Measures on ASEAN-6 Countries." In Advances in Innovation, Trade and Business, 57–68. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-60354-0_4.
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Thach, Nguyen Ngoc, Vo Thi Thuy Kieu, and Duong Thi Thuy An. "Impact of Financial Development on International Trade in ASEAN-6 Countries: A Bayesian Approach." In Prediction and Causality in Econometrics and Related Topics, 169–84. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77094-5_16.
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Wu, Jie, Jacob Wood, and Haejin Jang. "An assessment of trade facilitation impacts on China's outward foreign direct investment to ASEAN countries." In Business, Industry, and Trade in the Tropics, 97–113. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003153580-6.
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"6 DESCRIPTIONS OF ASEAN AND MEMBER COUNTRIES." In Do Young People Know ASEAN?, 123–55. ISEAS Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1355/9789814695626-008.
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"Overview of development gaps in Southeast Asia: Gaps between ASEAN -6 and CLM V countries." In Southeast Asian Economic Outlook 2013, 241–90. OECD, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/saeo-2013-9-en.
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Kawharu, Amokura, and Luke Nottage. "Towards an Asia-Pacific Regional Investment Regime." In China's International Investment Strategy, 258–89. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827450.003.0015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Many similarities and occasional differences are evident concerning the current approaches of Australia and New Zealand towards investment treaties, including the now politically sensitive issue of investor–state dispute settlement (ISDS). This chapter considers the potential of these two closely integrated countries to influence the future design of investment treaties in the Asia Pacific region, including for the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP or ‘ASEAN+6’ agreement) – the negotiations for which include China. The chapter compares key areas of existing treaties already signed by Australia and New Zealand, as well as apparent positions set out by them in a leaked draft RCEP investment chapter. Given the concerns about US–style treaty drafting displayed recently by Indonesia and India, major economies still negotiating RCEP with Australia and New Zealand (as well as bilateral agreements with the former), the chapter also considers the scope for Australia and New Zealand to promote more pro-state provisions regarding both substantive commitments and procedures such as ISDS, which characterize contemporary preferences of the European Union. The chapter concludes that a transition to a new generation of treaties is likely not only given the evolving preferences of counterparties and local politics, but also because of various policy arguments for dialing back treaty commitments to foreign investors—albeit without eschewing them altogether.
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"High exposure to weather-related risks in ASEAN countries." In OECD Studies on Water, 39–45. OECD, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/9789264123533-6-en.
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Bruch, Mathias, and Ulrich Hiemenz. "SMI Promotion Policies." In Small- and Medium-Scale Industries in the ASEAN Countries, 75–95. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429306129-6.
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Flor, Alexander G. "Open, Distance and eLearning for ASEAN Integration." In Open and Distance Learning Initiatives for Sustainable Development, 1–33. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2621-6.ch001.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The implications of integration among the Association of Southeast Asian Nations go beyond economics. Several ASEAN countries rank human capital as among their most valuable assets. This event signals shifts in human resource movements. A regional education system transcending national boundaries is an eventuality within the ASEAN. Such a system can best be expedited through open, distance and eLearning or ODeLA scoping study was conducted to: provide describe the state of play of ODeL within and among ASEAN countries; to identify needful national or regional ODeL policies that may facilitate ASEAN Integration; and to identify efforts that are underway within and among ASEAN that is consistent with ODeL adoption. The scoping study was guided by the current discourse on: the mainstreaming of ODeL; the focus on higher education; and the education dimension of ASEAN Integration. It adopted an integrated multi-level mixed methods design making use of quantitative methods, qualitative procedures and anticipatory methods, the latter two as aids to internal validity and depth of analysis. The study found that within ASEAN nations, open, distance and eLearning is being mainstreamed into higher education and will become a major mode of delivery in open universities as well as residential institutions in the future. It also found that perceptions on ODeL are quite positive across ASEAN and that there is a significant demand for ODeL programs at the higher education level. Furthermore, it was perceived that ODeL can promote ASEAN Integration because it fosters understanding among its multinational students who may eventually become the leaders of ASEAN tomorrow. The scoping study maintains that quality in ODeL is a function of content, delivery, pedagogy and assessment as seen from the lens of open education, distance learning and ICTs. Quality in ASEAN ODeL implies content infused with ASEANization themes, i.e. identity, community and a sense of self. It means a diversity of delivery platforms and pedagogies and supports the availability of multiple outcome-based assessment models.
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Ghosh, Ishita, and Ishita Ghoshal. "Implications of Trade Liberalization for Food Security Under the ASEAN-India Strategic Partnership." In Establishing Food Security and Alternatives to International Trade in Emerging Economies, 98–118. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2733-6.ch005.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The objective of the chapter is to understand India's role in providing food security through trade with the ASEAN under the India-ASEAN Strategic Partnership. A dynamic panel has been employed to assess and estimate the said objective, given that India and most of the ASEAN countries are considered emerging markets. Econometric investigation points out that while almost more than half the variables in the augmented gravity model hold good, food imports from India, agricultural labour force, common maritime border, distance from India, food price index, food production index, GDP (size) of the importing country, per capita GDP of the importing economy, and trade openness have statistically significant effect on the food trade from India to the ASEAN. Improving maritime infrastructure and agri-logistics, investing in climate change and water management while augmenting the agri-labour productivity are of paramount importance in order to improve food trade between India and the ASEAN.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "ASEAN-6 countries"
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Elistia, Suryari Purnama, Nina Nurhasanah, and Aliaras Wahid. "Measuring Global Entrepreneurship Index of Indonesia among ASEAN 6 Countries." In International Conference Recent Innovation. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0009952827942801.
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Lau, Hon Chung, and Xianlong Lin. "Pathways to Achieve Rapid Decarbonization of ASEAN." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32016-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract As a region, the ten countries of ASEAN emitted 1.65 Gt of CO2 in 2020 which was 4.75% of worldwide emission. The biggest CO2 emitting nations were Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Philippines. This paper conducts a detailed analysis of total primary energy consumption (TPEC) and CO2 emission profiles from these five countries as well as Singapore and Brunei (ASEAN-7). Analyses show that in 2018, TPEC of ASEAN-7 consisted of 35% oil, 29% coal, 19% gas and 17% renewables, whereas CO2 emission came 44% from coal, 39% from oil, and 17% from gas. Seven pathways for rapid decarbonization of ASEAN are proposed. They include: (1) increasing the share of renewable energies in power generation, (2) replacing coal by gas in power generation, (3) electrification of road transport, (4) hydrogen for marine transport, (5) biofuels for aviation, (6) blue hydrogen for hard-to-decarbonize industries, and (7) establishing regional carbon capture and storage (CCS) corridors to accelerate implementation of large-scale CCS projects.
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Lau, Hon Chung, and Xianlong Lin. "Pathways to Achieve Rapid Decarbonization of ASEAN." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32016-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract As a region, the ten countries of ASEAN emitted 1.65 Gt of CO2 in 2020 which was 4.75% of worldwide emission. The biggest CO2 emitting nations were Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Vietnam and Philippines. This paper conducts a detailed analysis of total primary energy consumption (TPEC) and CO2 emission profiles from these five countries as well as Singapore and Brunei (ASEAN-7). Analyses show that in 2018, TPEC of ASEAN-7 consisted of 35% oil, 29% coal, 19% gas and 17% renewables, whereas CO2 emission came 44% from coal, 39% from oil, and 17% from gas. Seven pathways for rapid decarbonization of ASEAN are proposed. They include: (1) increasing the share of renewable energies in power generation, (2) replacing coal by gas in power generation, (3) electrification of road transport, (4) hydrogen for marine transport, (5) biofuels for aviation, (6) blue hydrogen for hard-to-decarbonize industries, and (7) establishing regional carbon capture and storage (CCS) corridors to accelerate implementation of large-scale CCS projects.
Звіти організацій з теми "ASEAN-6 countries"
1
Yusgiantoro, Luky A., Akhmad Hanan, Budi P. Sunariyanto, and Mayora B. Swastika. Mapping Indonesia’s EV Potential in Global EV Supply Chain. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.004.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
• Energy transition in the transportation sector is indicated by the gradual shifting from the use of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles to electric vehicles (EVs) globally. • The transportation sector consumed 43% of total global energy and emitted 16.2% of total global emissions in 2020. Similarly, the transportation sector in Indonesia consumed 45% of the total energy and contributed to 13.6% of CO2 emission in 2019. • Global EV development and utilization are increasing exponentially, especially in developed countries, and there were 10 million EVs in 2020 worldwide. • China has successfully dominated global EVs, both in EV utilization and manufacturing with 45% global EVs Stock and 77% global EV batteries production. • Geopolitically, the abundance of Indonesian nickel reserves provides Indonesia a great opportunity to be one of the main players in EV battery manufacturing. • With an annual average growth of 6%, the projected motorized vehicles growth in Indonesia will reach 214 million in 2030. The right government policies would make Indonesia become the Southeast Asia EV market hub as Indonesia has the largest automotive sales and production market among ASEAN countries. • Measurable and realistic national EV development targets and plans supported by executing policies such as fiscal incentives and hardware standardization, sufficient EV charging infrastructure, and other supporting infrastructures are key elements that drive successful EV development in several countries. • Insufficient domestic industries and technology, and the absence of policies that comprehensively cover the customers and producers directly to support EV development and utilization in Indonesia, resulting in the achieved number of EVs and EV infrastructures in Indonesia are far from the updated target or even the initial target (RUEN, 2017).