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Книги з теми "Associate between models"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Marmol, Leo. Marmol Radziner + Associates: Between architecture and construction. Princeton Architectural Press, 2008.

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2

Muhaev, Rashid. Geopolitics. In 2 vols . INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1938063.

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What does the world expect as a result of the geopolitical transformation associated with the transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world order? Will this result in a just and secure world order in which there will be no hegemon, the chosen and the outcasts? What will the geostructure of the first half of the XXI century represent? The answers to these questions can be found in volume 1 of this textbook. Geopolitics is considered as a science and a set of practices of global positioning of states in the context of the totality of factors determining their strategic potential in the

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3

Muhaev, Rashid. Geopolitics. In 2 tt. Volume 2. INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/1946247.

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What does the world expect as a result of the geopolitical transformation associated with the transition from a unipolar to a multipolar world order? Will this result in a just and secure world order in which there will be no hegemon, the chosen and the outcasts? What will the geostructure of the first half of the XXI century represent? The answers to these questions can be found in volume 2 of this textbook. Geopolitics is considered as a science and a set of practices of global positioning of states in the context of the totality of factors determining their strategic potential in the modern

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4

Aristondo, Miguel Ibáñez. Ecological Imperialism in Early Modern Spanish Narratives. Amsterdam University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789048567362.

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How are the environmental conflicts of our time intertwined with the legacies of Spanish imperialism and early modern globalization? In this volume, Miguel Ibáñez Aristondo argues that to understand the historical ramifications of the ecological crisis, it is imperative to excavate the fragmented histories and bottom-up viewpoints associated with European imperialism. Drawing on early modern Iberian, Indigenous, and European sources, the book interrogates how early modern debates regarding war, free trade, abundance, wilderness, property, race, and sovereignty were deeply entangled within idea

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5

Pracko, Gennadiy. Philosophy of law. Publishing Center RIOR, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/02076-0.

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This textbook is devoted to the consideration of the philosophy of law as a scientific and academic discipline. The author, presenting the material of the textbook on the generalization of the concepts of philosophy of law, cultivated by modern research, offers its own approach to considering a number of its problems, which are debatable and have not yet found a generally accepted solution. Among them are problems the subject of philosophy of law and its methodology, the essence of law and modern approaches to legal thinking, the relationship between law, power and just

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6

Bendall, Sarah A., and Serena Dyer. Embodied Experiences of Making in Early Modern Europe. Amsterdam University Press, 2024. https://doi.org/10.5117/9789463722698.

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Processes of making in early modern Europe were both tacit and embodied. Whether making pottery, food, or textiles, the processes of manual production rested on an intersensory connection between mind, body, and object. This volume focuses on the body of the maker to ask how processes of making, experimenting, experiencing, and reconstructing illuminate early modern assumptions and understandings around manual labour and material life. Answers can be gleaned through both recapturing past skills and knowledge of making and by reconstructing past bodies and bodily experiences using recreative an

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7

Marmol Radziner + Associates: Between Architecture and Construction. Princeton Architectural Press, 2008.

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8

Cho, Eunae, and Lindsay Ciancetta. Child Outcomes Associated with Parent Work–Family Experiences. Edited by Tammy D. Allen and Lillian T. Eby. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199337538.013.12.

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This chapter provides a critical synthesis of the literature on the relationship between parent work family experiences and child outcomes. The chapter begins by introducing a theory-driven conceptual model that organizes previous studies. Then it discusses research on the direct link between parent work family experiences and child outcomes, followed by a review of mediators and moderators of the process. It next notes limitations of the extant literature and concludes with promising directions for future research.

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9

Le Pelley, Mike E., Oren Griffiths, and Tom Beesley. Associative Accounts of Causal Cognition. Edited by Michael R. Waldmann. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199399550.013.2.

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Humans are clearly sensitive to causal structures—we can describe and understand causal mechanisms and make predictions based on them. But this chapter asks: Is causal learning always causal? Or might seemingly causal behavior sometimes be based on associations that merely encode the information that two events “go together,” not that one causes the other? This associative view supposes that people often (mis)interpret associations as supporting the existence of a causal relationship between events; they make the everyday mistake of confusing correlation with causation. To assess the validity

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10

Dodman, Nicholas H., and Louis Shuster. Spontaneously Occurring Animal Models of OCD. Edited by Christopher Pittenger. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190228163.003.0032.

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This chapter summarizes what we know about compulsive behavioral disorders in several animal species. Animals can develop repetitive behaviors in a range of circumstances, generally associated with anxiety or stress. It is increasingly apparent that these behaviors recapitulate core features of obsessive-compulsive disorder. They are clearly partially genetic; for example, specific breeds of dog are susceptible to specific compulsive behavioral disorders. Understanding such OCD-like behaviors provides a potentially fruitful avenue towards understanding OCD in humans. This chapter reviews this

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11

Chan, Johnny C. L. Physical Mechanisms Responsible for Track Changes and Rainfall Distributions Associated with Tropical Cyclone Landfall. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190676889.013.16.

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As a tropical cyclone approaches land, its interaction with the characteristics of the land (surface roughness, topography, moisture availability, etc.) will lead to changes in its track as well as the rainfall and wind distributions near its landfall location. Accurate predictions of such changes are important in issuing warnings and disaster preparedness. In this chapter, the basic physical mechanisms that cause changes in the track and rainfall distributions when a tropical cyclone is about to make landfall are presented. These mechanisms are derived based on studies from both observations

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12

Chan, Johnny C. L. Physical Mechanisms Responsible for Track Changes and Rainfall Distributions Associated with Tropical Cyclone Landfall. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190699420.013.16.

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As a tropical cyclone approaches land, its interaction with the characteristics of the land (surface roughness, topography, moisture availability, etc.) will lead to changes in its track as well as the rainfall and wind distributions near its landfall location. Accurate predictions of such changes are important in issuing warnings and disaster preparedness. In this chapter, the basic physical mechanisms that cause changes in the track and rainfall distributions when a tropical cyclone is about to make landfall are presented. These mechanisms are derived based on studies from both observations

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13

Bell, John L. Categorical Logic and Model Theory. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198748991.003.0007.

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The chapter begins with an introduction describing the development of categorical logic from the 1960s. The next section, `Categories and Deductive Systems’, describes the relationship between categories and propositional logic, while the ensuing section, `Functorial Semantics’, is devoted to Lawvere’s provision of the first-order theory of models with a categorical formulation. In the section `Local Set Theories and Toposes’ the categorical counterparts—toposes—to higher-order logic are introduced, along with their associated theories—local set theories. In the section `Models of First-Order

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14

Johnson, Jeff W., and Sarah A. Hezlett. Modeling the Influence of Personality on Individuals at Work: A Review and Research Agenda. Edited by Susan Cartwright and Cary L. Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199234738.003.0004.

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The purpose of this article is to review research relevant to understanding the processes through which personality influences work outcomes. It first provides an overview of personality constructs prominent in the literature on personality at work. Next, the article reviews recent research on personality measurement, including: issues associated with different measurement methods; and how the level of measurement and alternative personality taxonomies influence relationships between personality and work outcomes. It summarizes models describing the processes underlying observed correlations b

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15

More, Alison. Creating a Textual Identity? Pastoralia and Models of Tertiary Life. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198807698.003.0005.

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The canonical framework for tertiary orders had been established and given official recognition by the early fifteenth century. Nevertheless, this does not seem to have had an effect on how non-monastic women perceived themselves. While there is evidence that the number of houses that professed a rule associated with an order increased at this time, as was made clear earlier in this study, the popularity of the rule cannot be equated with the spread of an order. This chapter gives particular attention to the many discrepancies in what is often thought of as order identity. It focuses specifica

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16

de Mesquita, Bruce Bueno. Foreign Policy Analysis and Rational Choice Models. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.395.

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Since the end of World War II, foreign policy thinking has been dominated by a realist (or neorealist) perspective in which states are taken as the relevant unit of analysis. The focus on states as the central actors in international politics leads to the view that what happens within states is of little consequence for understanding what happens between states. However, state-centric, unitary rational actor theories fail to explain perhaps the most significant empirical discovery in international relations over the past several decades. That is the widely accepted observation that democracies

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17

Hardy, Duncan. Associative Political Culture in the Holy Roman Empire. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198827252.001.0001.

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What was the Holy Roman Empire in the fourteenth to sixteenth centuries? At the turning point between the medieval and early modern periods, this vast central European polity was the continent’s most politically fragmented. The imperial monarchs were often weak and distant, while an array of regional actors played autonomous political roles. The Empire’s obvious differences from more centralized European kingdoms have stimulated negative judgements and fraught debates, expressed in the historiographical concepts of fractured ‘territorial states’ and a disjointed ‘imperial constitution’. This b

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18

Wolff, Nancy. A General Model of Harm in Correctional Settings. Edited by John Wooldredge and Paula Smith. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199948154.013.33.

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The literature on inmate “harm” and inmate victimization within prison settings is reviewed with emphasis on the prevalence, predictors, and consequences associated with inmate misconduct, physical victimization, and sexual victimization in prison. The degree of overlap between “offenders” and “victims” is also discussed. The relevance of considering both inmate and facility characteristics for a more comprehensive understanding of both violent and property victimization is underscored. The potential impact of victimization on inmates’ feelings of safety is also covered. Strategies for prevent

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19

Nielsen, Stevan Lars, Russell J. Bailey, Dianne Nielsen, and Tyler R. Pedersen. Dose Response and the Shape of Change. Edited by Sara Maltzman. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199739134.013.40.

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Decades of research have demonstrated that psychotherapy is generally effective: symptoms change for the better and most clients feel and perform better after talk therapy (Lambert, 2013). In this chapter, we examine the relationship between number of therapy sessions and symptom change. We will focus on the primary claims of the two competing views of this relationship. The dose–effect (DE) model proposes that sessions are like doses; more session-doses cause more improvement. The good-enough-improvement (GEI) model proposes that clients persist in therapy until they improve enough to meet th

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20

Ricketts, Martin. Theories of Entrepreneurship: Historical Development and Critical Assessment. Edited by Anuradha Basu, Mark Casson, Nigel Wadeson, and Bernard Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0002.

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The historical evolution of ideas about the entrepreneur is a wide-ranging subject and one that can be organized in different ways — theorist by theorist, period by period, issue by issue and so forth. What follows is a compromise between these possibilities. This article starts with some very broad reflections about economic change over thousands of years and the connections between these changes and the economic thinking of the time. A recognizably ‘modern’ idea of the entrepreneur begins to emerge in the eighteenth century and part of this article is devoted to the role of entrepreneurship

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21

Tully, Erin C., and William Iacono. An Integrative Common Liabilities Model for the Comorbidity of Substance Use Disorders with Externalizing and Internalizing Disorders. Edited by Kenneth J. Sher. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199381708.013.20.

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This chapter presents an integrative research-derived model to explain comorbidity among substance use disorders (SUDs), externalizing disorders, and internalizing disorders. This hierarchical model is based on phenotypic covariance among the disorders and latent common genetic liability. At the highest level of the hierarchy, general genetically influenced biological dispositions to negative emotionality and behavioral disinhibition each give rise to spectra of related personality traits, cognitive processes, behavioral tendencies, and psychopathology that account for the pattern of co-occurr

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22

Bromley, James M. Clothing and Queer Style in Early Modern English Drama. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198867821.001.0001.

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This book examines ‘queer style’ or forms of masculinity grounded in superficiality, inauthenticity, affectation, and the display of the extravagantly clothed body in early modern English city comedies. Queer style destabilizes distinctions between able-bodied and disabled, human and nonhuman, and the past and the present—distinctions that have structured normative ways of thinking about sexuality. Glimpsing the worldmaking potential of queer style, plays by Ben Jonson, George Chapman, Thomas Middleton, and Thomas Dekker imagine alternatives to the prevailing modes of subjectivity, sociability

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23

Beasley, Rebecca. Russomania. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198802129.001.0001.

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Russomania: Russian Culture and the Creation of British Modernism provides a new account of modernist literature’s emergence in Britain. British writers played a central role in the dissemination of Russian literature and culture during the early twentieth century, and their writing was transformed by the encounter. This study restores the thick history of that moment, by analyzing networks of dissemination and reception to recover the role of neglected as well as canonical figures, and institutions as well as individuals. The dominant account of British modernism privileges a Francophile gene

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24

Jobani, Yuval, and Nahshon Perez. Governing the Sacred. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190932381.001.0001.

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Contested sacred sites pose a difficult challenge in the field of toleration. Holy sites are often at the center of intense contestation between different groups regarding a wide variety of issues, including ownership, access, usage rights, permissible religious conduct, and many other aspects. As such, they are often the source of immense levels of violence, and intractable, long-standing conflicts. Governing the Sacred profiles five central contested sacred sites which exemplify the immense difficulties associated with such sites: Devils Tower National Monument (Wyoming, U.S.), Babri Masjid/

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25

Nyquist, Mary. Base Slavery and Roman Yoke. Edited by Lorna Hutson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199660889.013.35.

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Unlike ‘race’, with which ‘slavery’ is often associated in today’s society, early modern language relating to servitude is under-investigated. Using Shakespeare’s dramatic works as its primary archive, this chapter explores two forms of extra-legal slavery which, it is argued, facilitate discursive exchange between intra-European or intra-British modes of degradation and those employed in Anglo-colonialism. It begins with a study of ‘slave’ as a status-based pejorative that can be differentiated from ‘villain’ and ‘peasant’, and understood in connection with the Vagrancy Act of 1547, which int

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26

Donovan, John E. A Framework for Studying Parental Socialization of Child and Adolescent Substance Use. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190676001.003.0010.

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This chapter presents a model of parental socialization that summarizes the interrelations among parental modeling of substance use, parent approval, parental monitoring and control, parent–child relationship quality, child cognitions, friends’ substance use, and child/adolescent substance use. Parental alcohol consumption, smoking, and drug use are significant predictors of child and adolescent drinking, smoking, and marijuana use. Parental substance use is associated with lower quality parenting and family management practices and lower quality relationships with offspring, both of which are

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27

Fuller, Paul, and Indaka Weerasekera, eds. Mind, Text, and Reality in Buddhist Studies. Bloomsbury Publishing Inc, 2025. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781350505995.

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Bringing together contributions from North America, UK, Europe and Asia into a single volume, this book advances scholarship in Buddhist studies and celebrates Rupert Gethin’s immense contribution to the field. Essays include explorations of Buddhist teachings, scriptural studies and cover the fields of research that engage Rupert Gethin’s scholarship: Buddhist cosmology, textual translations, Abhidharma and the interface between Buddhism and modern science. Scholars address themes associated with Buddhist thought and practice, including philosophy of mind and the relationship between artifici

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28

Vögele, Claus, Annika P. C. Lutz, and E. Leigh Gibson. Mood, Emotions, and Eating Disorders. Edited by W. Stewart Agras and Athena Robinson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780190620998.013.8.

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Mood and emotions are intrinsically involved with eating. This chapter discusses basic mechanisms, findings, and models that help our understanding of the interactions between eating and emotions, in both clinical and nonclinical populations. The finding that negative affect predicts EDs transdiagnostically, and that comorbidity with depressive disorders and anxiety disorders is the norm among patients with EDs suggests that EDs may not necessarily be restricted to domains of eating behavior and body image but may also be associated with significant difficulties in affective functioning. This

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29

Francis Lee, Yongho. Mysticism and Intellect in Medieval Christianity and Buddhism. Lexington Books, 2020. https://doi.org/10.5040/9781978722927.

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Mysticism and Intellect in Medieval Christianity and Buddhism explores two influential intellectual and religious leaders in Christianity and Buddhism, Bonaventure (c. 1217–74) and Chinul (1158–1210), a Franciscan theologian and a Korean Zen master respectively, with respect to their lifelong endeavors to integrate the intellectual and spiritual life so as to achieve the religious aims of their respective religious traditions. It also investigates an associated tension between different modes of discourse relating to the divine or the ultimate—positive (cataphatic) discourse and negative (apop

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30

Crepaz-Keay, David, and Eva Cyhlarova. Ethical Issues in Mental Health Peer Support. Edited by John Z. Sadler, K. W. M. Fulford, and Cornelius Werendly van Staden. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732365.013.15.

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This chapter identifies and explores three different models of peer support that are currently in widespread use. There is a brief review of the policy and practice context of peer support. The chapter explores and explains some of the language associated with peer support and some of the assumptions that this language implies. The nature of power relationship and its impact on peer support is considered. The three models of peer support are explored in detail, with a particular emphasis on the commonalities and differences between them, the motivation of those involved, and the underpinning v

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31

Mason, Owen. Thule Origins in the Old Bering Sea Culture. Edited by Max Friesen and Owen Mason. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199766956.013.26.

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The Thule culture is the most widespread Arctic whaling culture; its distribution commonly associated by researchers with climatic warming. Its origins between A.D. 900 and 1200, and development in the Birnirk and Punuk cultures are contested between Siberia and Alaska, out of a base of Old Bering Sea cultures. Although reliant on whaling, the degree of social complexity in Thule remains uncertain, as the trade in iron decreases as does aesthetic elaboration. The last incarnation of a “Northern maritime tradition” and the predecessor of modern Iñupiat and Inuit, the considerable and renowned T

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32

Gorey, Matthew M. Atomism in the Aeneid. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197518748.001.0001.

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This book examines the role of philosophical metaphor and allegory in the Aeneid, focusing on tendentious allusions to Lucretian atomism. It argues that Virgil, drawing upon a popular strain of anti-atomist and anti-Epicurean arguments in Greek philosophy, deploys atomic imagery as a symbol of cosmic and political disorder. The first chapter of this study investigates the development of metaphors and analogies in philosophical texts ranging from Aristotle to Cicero that equate atomism with cosmological caprice and instability. The following three chapters track how Virgil applies this interpre

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33

Moon, Jeremy, and David Vogel. Corporate Social Responsibility, Government, and Civil Society. Edited by Andrew Crane, Dirk Matten, Abagail McWilliams, Jeremy Moon, and Donald S. Siegel. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199211593.003.0013.

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This article examines the role of governments and civil society in shaping and encouraging corporate social responsibility (CSR). It begins by exploring the relationship between CSR and particular patterns of business–government–civil society relations. It then examines the patterns of business–government relations that are associated with CSR. It explores two basic models. One is the dichotomous view that posits that CSR and government are, by definition, mutually exclusive; accordingly, the scope of CSR is defined by the absence of regulation and public policy. The second posits that CSR is

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34

Nezlek, John B., and Carrie Smith. Social Influence and Personality. Edited by Stephen G. Harkins, Kipling D. Williams, and Jerry Burger. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199859870.013.15.

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The study of social influence has been dominated by experimental methods that are not well suited to examine relationships between personality and social influence. Nevertheless, the existing research provided a basis for some tentative conclusions. In terms of susceptibility to influence, it appears that people who depend more on others for guidance are more susceptible to influence than those who depend less on others. Two specific manifestations of this general tendency are authoritarianism and what is called the dependent personality. In terms of sources of influence, relationships between

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35

Cross, Richard. Christology and Metaphysics in the Seventeenth Century. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192856432.001.0001.

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Abstract This book explores the largely uncharted territory of seventeenth-century Christology, paying close attention to its metaphysical and semantic presuppositions and consequences. The book achieves this by a distinction between two fundamental approaches to Christology. One, associated with Aquinas, maintains that the union between the divine person and human nature is immediate. Once joined, the two items cling together simply in virtue of their intrinsic structures, so to speak. The other, associated with Duns Scotus, maintains that the union of these two items requires some additional

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36

Pocock, J. G. A. Theory in History: Problems of Context and Narrative. Edited by John S. Dryzek, Bonnie Honig, and Anne Phillips. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199548439.003.0008.

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This article examines the context and narrative problems associated with the study of the history of political theory. It suggests that in order to study the relations between political theory and history, it is necessary to study these terms and reduce them to manageable forms. It explains that the histories of political thought/theory were canonically constructed and they arranged modes of discourse in an order which it had come to be agreed formed the history being presented.

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37

Davies, Will, Julian Savulescu, Rebecca Roache, and J. Pierre Loebel, eds. Psychiatry Reborn: Biopsychosocial psychiatry in modern medicine. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198789697.001.0001.

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Анотація:

Psychiatry Reborn: Biopsychosocial Psychiatry in Modern Medicine is a comprehensive collection of essays by leading experts in the field, and provides a timely reassessment of the biopsychosocial approach in psychiatry. Spanning the sciences and philosophy of psychiatry, the essays offer complementary perspectives on the ever more urgent importance of the biopsychosocial approach to modern medicine. The collection brings together ideas from the series of Loebel Lectures by world leaders in the field of psychiatry and associated Workshops at the University of Oxford, including revised versions

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38

Pollack, Mark A., Helen Wallace, and Alasdair R. Young. 19. Policy-Making in a Time of Crisis Trends and Challenges. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hepl/9780199689675.003.0019.

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This chapter examines trends and challenges in European Union policy-making during times of crisis. It first considers the main trends in EU policy-making that emerge from policy case studies, including experimentation with new modes of policy-making, often in conjunction with more established modes, leading to hybridization; renegotiation of the role of the member states (and their domestic institutions) in the EU policy process; and erosion of traditional boundaries between internal and external policies. The chapter proceeds by discussing the issue of national governance as well as the inte

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39

Kahn, Andrew, Mark Lipovetsky, Irina Reyfman, and Stephanie Sandler. Prose Fiction. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199663941.003.0019.

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This chapter considers the prose genres that developed in the period and their relative artistic success and limitations, recognizing that poetry had been much more open to innovation than prose. Forms such as the memoir (fictional as well as real), autobiography, letter writing, the allegorical novel, and the short story conform to the general pattern of literary norms adapted from European models. The chapter explains that a gap opened between literary fiction in translation and novels written in Russia, arguing that Russian writers chose not to emulate the contemporary European novel, revis

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40

Piccinini, Gualtiero. Computationalism. Edited by Eric Margolis, Richard Samuels, and Stephen P. Stich. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780195309799.013.0010.

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The introduction of the concept of computation in cognitive science is discussed in this article. Computationalism is usually introduced as an empirical hypothesis that can be disconfirmed. Processing information is surely an important aspect of cognition so if computation is information processing, then cognition involves computation. Computationalism becomes more significant when it has explanatory power. The most relevant and explanatory notion of computation is that associated with digital computers. Turing analyzed computation in terms of what are now called Turing machines that are the k

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41

Youngstrom, Eric, and Anna Van Meter. Comorbidity of Bipolar Disorder and Depression. Edited by C. Steven Richards and Michael W. O'Hara. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199797004.013.003.

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There has been speculation about the relationship between depression and mania for centuries. Modern psychiatry and psychology have mostly viewed these as different subtypes within a “family” of mood disorders. Conceptual models of comorbidity provide an opportunity to re-examine the association between depression and other pathological mood states. We examine the evidence pertaining to rates of “comorbidity,” which, in this case, refer to the lifetime occurrence of depression and hypomanic, mixed, or manic episodes in the same individual. We explore factors that could contribute to artifactua

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42

Vandrei, Martha. ‘That ubiquitous monarch’. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198816720.003.0007.

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This chapter extends the chronology to the first half of the twentieth century, when Boudica emerged as a figure in modern popular culture, particularly in film. But she also acted as an embodiment of local history and identity, once again puncturing the notion that she was merely an icon of empire with no specific ‘site of memory’. Rather, this chapter shows how Boudica came to be associated most notably with the historical narrative of Wales—though not unproblematically. She was also associated with more local histories, in the east of England, where her story was celebrated through the medi

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43

Barrat, J. L., and J. J. de Pablo. Introduction to molecular simulations in soft matter. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198789352.003.0011.

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We describe the main features of the coarse-grained models that are typically useful in modelling soft interfaces, from force fields to the continuum descriptions involving density fields. We explain the theoretical basis of the main numerical methods that are used to explore the phase space associated with these models. Finally, three recent examples, illustrating the spirit in which relatively simple simulations can contribute to solving pending problems in soft matter physics, are briefly described. Clearly, a short series of lectures can offer, at best, a biased and restricted view of the

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44

al-Azmeh, Aziz. Secularism in the Arab World. Translated by David Bond. Edinburgh University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474447461.001.0001.

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This book provides a study of secularisation and secularism in the Arab World, between middle of the nineteenth century and the end of the twentieth. It approaches the its subject in the modern history of the Arab World as a set of historical changes which affected the regulation of social, political, religious and cultural order which permeated the concrete workings of society, rather than as an ideological discussion framed from the outset by the presumed opposition between Islam and secularism. The book traces social, institutional and cultural changes of a secularising character, the emerg

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45

Walker, Stephen G., and Mark Schafer. Operational Code Theory: Beliefs and Foreign Policy Decisions. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.411.

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The process of foreign policy decision making is influenced in large part by beliefs, along with the strategic interaction between actors engendered by their decisions and the resulting political outcomes. In this context, beliefs encompass three kinds of effects: the mirroring effects associated with the decision making situation, the steering effects that arise from this situation, and the learning effects of feedback. These effects are modeled using operational code analysis, although “operational code theory” more accurately describes an alliance of attribution and schema theories from psy

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46

Reilly, Jamie, and Nadine Martin. Semantic Processing in Transcortical Sensory Aphasia. Edited by Anastasia M. Raymer and Leslie J. Gonzalez Rothi. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199772391.013.6.

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Transcortical sensory aphasia (TCSA) has historically been regarded as a disconnection syndrome characterized by impaired access between words and otherwise intact core object knowledge. Yet, an extensive body of research has also demonstrated a range of associated nonverbal semantic deficits in TCSA, suggestive of a multimodal semantic impairment that transcends representational modality (i.e., language). Here we delineate the semantic impairment incurred in TCSA within a neurologically constrained model of semantic memory premised upon dynamic interactivity between stored knowledge (e.g., se

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47

Maniquet, François. Social Ordering Functions. Edited by Matthew D. Adler and Marc Fleurbaey. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199325818.013.30.

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This chapter presents the fair social ordering approach to policy assessment. In an economic model, a social ordering function (SOF) associates each economy in the domain with a complete ranking of the allocations. This chapter describes the main achievements of the SOF theory. It presents two applications, which show how SOF’s can be used to evaluate policies. The first application concerns labor income taxation. The second application concerns the measurement of poverty. Finally, This chapter discusses the relationship between the SOF approach and some other approaches to the construction of

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48

Gann, David M., Andrew Davies, and Mark Dodgson. Innovation and Flexibility in Megaprojects. Edited by Bent Flyvbjerg. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198732242.013.15.

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This chapter examines how organizations responsible for three UK megaprojects—Heathrow Terminal 5, London 2012 Olympics, and Crossrail—have made significant efforts to create a more innovative and flexible delivery model. This new approach recognizes that over the life of a megaproject, new and unexpected options for delivering it will emerge, including opportunities to take advantage of innovative new practices, processes, and efficiencies made possible by new technology. Drawing upon strategy literature and empirical research conducted between 2005 and 2015, five dynamic capabilities or stra

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49

Olsen, Jan Abel. Prepayment schemes. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794837.003.0011.

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This chapter considers two different ways of organizing revenue collection in statutory healthcare schemes: social health insurance and taxation. The two models are commonly referred to as ‘Bismarck vs Beveridge’ after the men associated with the origin of these systems: the first German chancellor Otto von Bismarck (1815–1898), and the British economist Lord William Beveridge (1879–1963). The differences between these two compulsory prepayment schemes are discussed and compared with private health insurance. Based on a simple diagram introduced by the World Health Organization, three dimensio

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50

Aijmer, Karin. Modality and Mood in Functional Linguistic Approaches. Edited by Jan Nuyts and Johan Van Der Auwera. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199591435.013.22.

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The chapter deals with functional approaches to mood and modality. The focus is on Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) associated with Halliday’s writings, Dik’s Functional Grammar (FG), and the mainly American functional school of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG). The positions taken by these schools can be described as “structuralist-functionalist” in that they propose models relating form to function. It is shown that a layered representation in some form is required to account for the role of mood and modality. Halliday’s interpersonal grammar has been further developed under the heading of

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