Готові списки джерел за темами / Atmospheric wind tunnel

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Atmospheric wind tunnel"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 14 липня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Atmospheric wind tunnel":

Andreas, Edgar L., and Larry Mahrt. "On the Prospects for Observing Spray-Mediated Air–Sea Transfer in Wind–Water Tunnels." Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences 73, no. 1 (December 21, 2015): 185–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jas-d-15-0083.1.

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Abstract Nature is wild, unconstrained, and often dangerous. In particular, studying air–sea interaction in winds typical of tropical cyclones can place researchers, their instruments, and even their research platforms in jeopardy. As an alternative, laboratory wind–water tunnels can probe 10-m equivalent winds of hurricane strength under conditions that are well constrained and place no personnel or equipment at risk. Wind–water tunnels, however, cannot simulate all aspects of air–sea interaction in high winds. The authors use here the comprehensive data from the Air–Sea Interaction Salt Water Tank (ASIST) wind–water tunnel at the University of Miami that Jeong, Haus, and Donelan published in this journal to demonstrate how spray-mediated processes are different over the open ocean and in wind tunnels. A key result is that, at all high-wind speeds, the ASIST tunnel was able to quantify the so-called interfacial air–sea enthalpy flux—the flux controlled by molecular processes right at the air–water interface. This flux cannot be measured in high winds over the open ocean because the ubiquitous spray-mediated enthalpy transfer confounds the measurements. The resulting parameterization for this interfacial flux has implications for modeling air–sea heat fluxes from moderate winds to winds of hurricane strength.

Flamand, Olivier, Philippe Delpech, Pierre Palier, and Jean-Paul Bouchet. "Benefit of Wind Tunnels with Large Test Sections for Wind Engineering Applications." Mathematical Modelling in Civil Engineering 15, no. 2 (June 1, 2019): 14–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mmce-2019-0005.

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Abstract Atmospheric Boundary layer wind tunnels (ABLWT) dedicated to building safety and comfort have been operated by CSTB in Nantes since 1971. Because ABLWT only deal with reduced scale models of real structures, the necessity of a larger wind tunnel, the Jules Verne Climatic wind tunnel (CWT), able to reproduce extreme wind loads on real scale structures arose in the years 80. Hence, it became a major European facility operating for improvement of the safety, quality and environmental impact of buildings and civil engineering works as well as products from industrial fields (transportation, energy…) with respect to strong winds and other climatic hazards. Both wind tunnel types, the ABLWT and the CWT are complementary and used for studying the effect of wind on the same structures at two different scales, when the effect of wind scaling is important. During the 2018 year, several modifications were made to the CWT facility. The atmospheric test section of the existing facility was elongated preserving the initial advantages, very large test section (approximately 120 m2) with wind velocity performance compatible with many applications (up to 90 km/h). This new test section makes it possible to simulate turbulent wind and driving rain testing. The sand winds capabilities have been maintained in the new design, despite the closed loop configuration, by fitting a filtering. The modifications of the wind tunnel geometry now offer a long test section upstream the turning vanes where a whole set of new tests can be carried out, as windmill field, natural ventilation of urban environments, slender structures (large bridges, pylons, cable transport systems,)

Čeheľová, Dagmara, Michal Franek, and Boris Bielek. "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel of Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava." Applied Mechanics and Materials 887 (January 2019): 419–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.887.419.

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Aerodynamics is a relatively young scientific discipline, which started developing in the 50´s of last century. There are known several methods for calculating and measuring of the aerodynamic variables – in-situ measurements, wind tunnel measurements, CFD simulations and calculations according to national standards. Each method has its advantages and disadvantages. Nowadays a large focus is on experimental verifying the findings achieved with calculations help and CFD simulations. One of the verification possibilities are measurements in wind tunnels. The submitted paper deals with construction and using of the wind tunnel by the Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava. This device was put into operation after experimental verification in 2012, so this wind tunnel is one of the newest of its kind in Europe. The concept of the construction of individual structural elements and the wind tunnel parts has been designed in collaboration with the Aeronautical Research and Test Institute (Czech Republic) and was based on previous made analysis of aerodynamic tunnels. Its structure was designed and realized by Konštrukta Industry (Slovak Republic). We could it characterized as atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel with open test section. It is unique with two test sections – front and back measuring space, where the front measuring space is used for uniform flow and the back measuring space is used for turbulent flow. That is why it is not only usable in the civil engineering sector (buildings, bridges, chimneys etc.), but also in city urbanism (pedestrian wind comfort and wind safety, dispersion of air pollutants), aircraft and automotive industries.

Houston, Adam L., Roger J. Laurence, Tevis W. Nichols, Sean Waugh, Brian Argrow, and Conrad L. Ziegler. "Intercomparison of Unmanned Aircraftborne and Mobile Mesonet Atmospheric Sensors." Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology 33, no. 8 (August 2016): 1569–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jtech-d-15-0178.1.

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AbstractResults are presented from an intercomparison of temperature, humidity, and wind velocity sensors of the Tempest unmanned aircraft system (UAS) and the National Severe Storms Laboratory (NSSL) mobile mesonet (NSSL-MM). Contemporaneous evaluation of sensor performance was facilitated by mounting the Tempest wing with attached sensors to the NSSL-MM instrument rack such that the Tempest and NSSL-MM sensors could collect observations within a nearly identical airstream. This intercomparison was complemented by wind tunnel simulations designed to evaluate the impact of the mobile mesonet vehicle on the observed wind velocity.The intercomparison revealed strong correspondence between the temperature and relative humidity (RH) data collected by the Tempest and the NSSL-MM with differences generally within sensor accuracies. Larger RH differences were noted in the presence of heavy precipitation; however, despite the exposure of the Tempest temperature and humidity sensor to the airstream, there was no evidence of wet bulbing within precipitation. Wind tunnel simulations revealed that the simulated winds at the location of the NSSL-MM wind monitor were ~4% larger than the expected winds due to the acceleration of the flow over the vehicle. Simulated vertical velocity exceeded 1 m s−1 for tunnel inlet speeds typical of a vehicle moving at highway speeds. However, the theoretical noncosine reduction in winds that should result from the impact of vertical velocity on the laterally mounted wind monitor was found to be negligible across the simulations. Comparison of the simulated and observed results indicates a close correspondence, provided the crosswind component of the flow is small.

Cheng, XX, X. Chen, YJ Ge, H. Jiang, and L. Zhao. "A new atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel simulation methodology for wind effects on large cooling towers considering wind environment variations." Advances in Structural Engineering 22, no. 5 (November 4, 2018): 1194–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1369433218809899.

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The traditional atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel model test practice employs wind fields, the flow characteristics of which are in accordance with the empirical formulae of the atmospheric turbulence presented in Codes of Practice and monographs. However, the empirical formulae presented in Codes of Practice and monographs cannot truthfully reflect the high variations of the realistic atmospheric turbulence which sometimes aggravates wind effects on structures. Based on model tests conducted in a multiple-fan actively controlled wind tunnel, it is found that most wind effects on large cooling towers change monotonically with the increase in free-stream turbulence, and the model test results are more unfavorable for a flow field of low turbulence intensity than for a flow field of high turbulence intensity with respect to the measured coherences. Thus, a new atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel simulation methodology for wind effects on circular cylindrical structures is proposed to overcome the deficiency of the traditional atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel model tests. The new simulation methodology includes the simulation of two realistic atmospheric boundary layer flow fields with the highest and the lowest turbulence intensities in the wind tunnel and the envelopment of model test results obtained in the two flow fields (e.g. the mean and fluctuating wind pressure distributions, the power spectral density, the coherence function, and the correlation coefficient). The superiority of the new atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel simulation methodology over the traditional model test practice is demonstrated by comparing the model test results with the full-scale measurement data.

Raupach, MR, and JF Leys. "Aerodynamics of a portable wind erosion tunnel for measuring soil erodibility by wind." Soil Research 28, no. 2 (1990): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sr9900177.

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Portable wind erosion tunnels must satisfy several aerodynamic criteria to ensure that the flow within them acceptably reproduces the atmospheric flow causing natural wind erosion. We define these criteria and use them to assess the flow and turbulence in two alternative designs of portable wind erosion tunnel: the first has a working section with an approximately triangular, 'tent-shaped' cross section, while the second has a conventional, rectangular working section. The measurements were made with Pitot-static tubes and X-configuration hot-wire anemometers, over stable (non-eroding) rough surfaces, mainly mowed grass of height 1 cm. We found that, with careful attention to flow conditioning elements such as honeycombs and tripping fences, an acceptable flow can be achieved in the rectangular tunnel. The flow in the tent-shaped tunnel is less satisfactory, exhibiting departures from the logarithmic wind profile law which depend on the surface roughness.

KOSUGI, Atushi, Hideharu MAKITA, and Kenji SAITO. "Wind Tunnel Experiments of Atmospheric Turbulent Diffusion." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2000.4 (2000): 221–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2000.4.0_221.

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Kosugi, Atsushi, Tomoki Furudate, and Satoshi Fukui. "Wind Tunnel Experiments of Atmospheric Turbulent Diffusion." Proceedings of Conference of Hokkaido Branch 2016.54 (2016): 71–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmehokkaido.2016.54.71.

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Liu, Shanhe, Zhiwen Luo, Keer Zhang, and Jian Hang. "Natural Ventilation of a Small-Scale Road Tunnel by Wind Catchers: A CFD Simulation Study." Atmosphere 9, no. 10 (October 20, 2018): 411. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos9100411.

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Providing efficient ventilation in road tunnels is essential to prevent severe air pollution exposure for both drivers and pedestrians in such enclosed spaces with heavy vehicle emissions. Longitudinal ventilation methods like commercial jet fans have been widely applied and confirmed to be effective for introducing external fresh air into road tunnels that are shorter than 3 km. However, operating tunnel jet fans is energy consuming. Therefore, for small-scale (~100 m–1 km) road tunnels, mechanical ventilation methods might be highly energetically expensive and unaffordable. Many studies have found that the use of wind catchers could improve buildings’ natural ventilation, but their effect on improving natural ventilation in small-scale road tunnels has, hitherto, rarely been studied. This paper, therefore, aims to quantify the influence of style and arrangement of one-sided flat-roof wind catchers on ventilation performance in a road tunnel. The concept of intake fraction (IF) is applied for ventilation and pollutant exposure assessment in the overall tunnel and for pedestrian regions. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) methodology with a standard k-epsilon turbulence model is used to perform a three-dimensional (3D) turbulent flow simulation, and CFD results have been validated by wind-tunnel experiments for building cross ventilation. Results show that the introduction of wind catchers would significantly enhance wind speed at pedestrian level, but a negative velocity reduction effect and a near-catcher recirculation zone can also be found. A special downstream vortex extending along the downstream tunnel is found, helping remove the accumulated pollutants away from the low-level pedestrian sides. Both wind catcher style and arrangement would significantly influence the ventilation performance in the tunnel. Compared to long-catcher designs, short-catchers would be more effective for providing fresh air to pedestrian sides due to a weaker upstream velocity reduction effect and smaller near-catcher recirculation zone. In long-catcher cases, IF increases to 1.13 ppm when the wind catcher is positioned 240 m away from the tunnel entrance, which is almost twice that in short-catcher cases. For the effects of catcher arrangements, single, short-catcher, span-wise, shifting would not help dilute pollutants effectively. Generally, a design involving a double short-catcher in a parallel arrangement is the most recommended, with the smallest IF, i.e., 61% of that in the tunnel without wind catchers (0.36 ppm).

SIVARAMAKRISHNAN, S. "Wind and turbulence profiles in a simulated wind tunnel boundary layer." MAUSAM 43, no. 3 (December 30, 2021): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.54302/mausam.v43i3.3456.

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A system of Honeycomb Flat Plate (HFP) grid and cylindrical rods has been developed to accelerate the growth of a thick (32 cm) turbulent boundary layer, artificially, over rough floor of a low speed short test-section (0.61 m x 0.61 m) wind tunnel. Simulated profiles of wind velocity, longitudinal turbulence intensity and Reynolds stress are shown to have similarity to those of a neutral atmospheric boundary layer over a typical rural terrain. Longitudinal spectrum of turbulence measured at 10,30 and 100 mm above tunnel floor is shown to compare well with atmospheric spectrum and agree closely with the Kolmogoroff's -2/3 law in the inertial sub-range of the spectrum. Based on the length scale of longitudinal turbulence estimated from the spectrum, a scale of 1 :900 has been proposed for laboratory modeling of environmental problems wherein the transport of mass in a neutral atmospheric surface layer IS solely due to eddies of mechanical origin.

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Дисертації з теми "Atmospheric wind tunnel":

Cusick, A. H. "Investigation of the effects of increased sophistication of simulation of the atmospheric wind in wind tunnels." Thesis, Open University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.382907.

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Conan, Boris. "Wind resource accessment in complex terrain by wind tunnel modelling." Phd thesis, Université d'Orléans, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00843645.

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To benefit from strong winds, an increasing number of wind turbines are placed in complex terrains. But complex terrains means complex flows and difficult wind resource assessment. This study proposed to use wind tunnel modelling to evaluate the wind in a complex topography. The goal of this study is to evaluate the possibilities of wind resources assessment by wind tunnel modelling and to quantify the important modelling parameters. The lower part of the atmosphere, the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) is defined by a velocity and a turbulence gradient. The ABL is reproduced in the wind tunnel by placing obstacles and roughness elements of different size representative to the type of terrain desired. The flow produced in the wind tunnel is validated against field data and a wise choice of the obstacles is discussed to reproduce the desired wind profile. The right reproduction of the inflow conditions is found to be the most important parameter to reproduce. The choice of the area to reproduce around a site in usually difficult to make in order to keep a low scaling factor and to account for the surrounding topography. A series of tests on simplified hills helps the experimentalist in this choice by enlightening the longitudinal and vertical extension of the wake downstream different hills shapes. Finally, two complex topographies are studied in two wind tunnels, the Bolund hill in Denmark and the Alaiz mountain in Spain. The results are giving good results, 5 to 10 %, for predicting the wind speed but more scatter is observed for the modelling of the turbulence, up to 100 %. The laboratory simulation of atmospheric flows proves to be a demanding but reliable tool for the prediction of the mean wind speed in complex terrain.

MASSARI, POLLYANA DE LIMA. "EXPERIMENTAL STUDY IN WIND TUNNEL OF THE PLUMES DISPERSION IN TURBULENT ATMOSPHERIC FLOWS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=30690@1.

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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO
A questão da poluição ambiental está recebendo cada vez mais importância. Por esse motivo, os estudos relacionados a processos de dispersão de poluentes estão ganhando cada vez mais destaques. Como estudos em campo são mais custosos, os estudos realizados em laboratório, com modelos reduzidos, estão sendo mais aplicáveis, uma vez que permitem análises de problemas específicos. Este trabalho tem como objetivo realizar um estudo exploratório em um túnel de vento do comportamento de uma pluma emitida por uma chaminé, que permita modificações nas condições de velocidade e temperatura da pluma. Para isso, foi realizada a reprodução da camada limite atmosférica, através do Método de Irwin, simulando um ambiente suburbano, em que o perfil de velocidades média foi medido com a técnica de Anemometria de Fio Quente. Foram realizados ensaios para três condições do escoamento principal e levantados os perfis de velocidade e intensidade turbulenta à jusante da chaminé. Foi realizado um estudo da inclinação da pluma, tanto pela influência da velocidade, quanto pela diferença de temperatura da pluma em relação à do escoamento principal, que foi variada em 10 e 20 graus Celsius. As análises de concentração foram possíveis através das imagens obtidas com a técnica de Velocimetria por Imagem de Partículas. Foram feitas análises do perfil de concentração a diferentes posições a sotavento da chaminé e o coeficiente de dispersão vertical obtido foi comparado com diversas literaturas conhecidas.
Environmental pollution issue is becoming increasingly important. For this reason, studies related to processes of atmospheric dispersion of pollutants are gaining prominence. Since studies in situ are expensive, laboratory studies with reduced models are useful, since specific problem can be investigated. The present work performs an experimental study, in a wind tunnel, evaluating the behavior of a plume generated by a chimney. For this, the reproduction of the atmospheric boundary layer was made, using the Irwin method, simulating a suburban environment, in which the mean velocity profile was measured with the Hot Wire Anemometry technique. Tests were performed for three main flow conditions and the profiles of velocity and turbulent intensity were made upstream of the stack. A study of the bent of the plume was made, both by the influence of the velocity, and by the temperature difference between the plume and the main flow, that was varied at 10 and 20 degrees Celsius. The concentration analyzes were possible through the images obtained with the Particle Image Velocimetry technique. Concentration profile analyzes were performed at different leeward positions of the chimney and the vertical dispersion coefficient obtained was compared with several known literatures.

Tian, Lin. "Analysis of Time-Varying Characteristics of Simulated Turbulence in Wind Tunnel." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/33717.

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Eight roughness configurations in Clemson boundary layer wind tunnel are presented. For these configurations, flow parameters such as turbulent intensities, integral length scales, large- and small- scale turbulence, and spectra of velocity components of the wind are obtained and studied to the simulated turbulence. At the same time, new analyzing tools, orthogonal wavelet techniques, are applied to provide additional information in time domain. This makes it possible to study the intermittency event, one important characteristic associated with pressure peak activities in turbulence. Three parameters, scale energy, intermittency factor and intermittency energy are defined. Variation of these quantities as a result of different configuration is discussed. Finally, the corresponding variations in measured pressure peaks in relation with the variations of configuration as well as with the intermittency parameters are investigated. The work here is of important significance for future wind tunnel and field data comparison, and this could help to find the best simulation among all configurations.
Master of Science

Fonti, Elio. "Measurements of aircraft wake vortices in ground proximity within an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel." Thesis, Cranfield University, 2010. http://dspace.lib.cranfield.ac.uk/handle/1826/5635.

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The vortex wake characteristics of aircraft during landing and take-off are of interest in connection with both the safety of following aircraft penetrating the vortex and the dispersion of engine exhaust plumes. A series of measurements were carried out in an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel (ABLWT) to identify and characterise both the mean and turbulent flow field of a pair of wake vortices in ground proximity. Cont/d.

Petersen, Graciana [Verfasser], and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] Leitl. "Wind tunnel modelling of atmospheric boundary layer flow over hills / Graciana Petersen. Betreuer: Bernd Leitl." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1031280405/34.

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Petersen, Graciana Verfasser], and Bernd [Akademischer Betreuer] [Leitl. "Wind tunnel modelling of atmospheric boundary layer flow over hills / Graciana Petersen. Betreuer: Bernd Leitl." Hamburg : Staats- und Universitätsbibliothek Hamburg, 2013. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:gbv:18-60540.

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Hobson-Dupont, Maximillian. "The development of a small scale wind tunnel simulating the atmospheric boundary layer in support of a stochastic wind model." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1593083.

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There has been much success in atmospheric boundary layer simulation with medium sized closed-circuit wind tunnels with test section dimensions of approximately 1 x 1 m. However, smaller, blower-type wind tunnels are more common in university laboratories due to the lower cost and smaller space requirements. A small size, open flow wind tunnel with a 1 x 1 foot test section was modified to simulate the atmospheric boundary layer with a combination of upstream spires and cubic roughness elements. The primitive spire geometry detailed in the literature was found to yield poor agreement with the power law velocity profile of interest, and a novel iterative algorithm was developed to produce nonlinear spire geometry. The geometry generated by the algorithm was tested in the wind tunnel and found to simulate the desired velocity profile based on a Hellman exponent of 0.20 with a high degree of agreement, having a maximum velocity error of 4%. This confirmed the suitability of small-sized wind tunnels for simulating the atmospheric boundary layer.

Zúñiga, Inestroza Manuel Alejandro. "Influência da turbulência atmosférica na esteira aerodinâmica de turbinas eólicas : estudo experimental em túnel de vento." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/165631.

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Aerogeradores, ou turbinas eólicas, são máquinas instaladas em grandes parques eólicos que convertem a energia cinética do vento em energia elétrica. A definição da separação e da interação entre máquinas é um fator fundamental de análise durante a fase de projeto, pois os chamados efeitos de esteira podem inviabilizar o desenvolvimento de um parque eólico. Em geral, a esteira de um aerogerador está caracterizada por um significativo déficit de velocidade e uma intensificação dos níveis de turbulência, o que ocasiona a diminuição da eficiência aerodinâmica e a redução da vida útil das máquinas localizadas a sotavento. Embora existam diferentes pesquisas destinadas à compreensão e previsão dos efeitos de esteira, o problema permanece como uma questão desafiadora que exige a adoção de ferramentas de alta precisão para sua identificação. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia experimental em túnel de vento, para a caracterização e avaliação do campo de escoamento na esteira aerodinâmica de um modelo reduzido, sob diferentes condições de escoamento incidente. Especificamente, investiga-se a influência da turbulência atmosférica para quatro perfis de escoamento: i) uniforme-suave; ii) uniforme-turbulento; iii) lei potencial com expoente α = 0,11; iv) lei potencial com expoente α = 0,23. Todos os casos foram conduzidos sob condições de estratificação neutra, e foi utilizado anemômetro de fio-quente para efetivar as medições dos perfis de velocidade média e intensidade da turbulência, em diferentes posições da esteira. Os resultados mostraram diferenças substanciais no comportamento dos perfis de esteira, em função dos níveis de turbulência incidente. Particularmente, observou-se que o incremento da turbulência atmosférica reduz o déficit de velocidade e promove uma maior mistura turbulenta, o que acelera a dissipação dos efeitos de esteira. Assim, a metodologia experimental em túnel de vento evidencia-se como uma importante ferramenta de análise que possibilita amplo espectro para a investigação, precisão e confiabilidade de projetos eólicos.
Wind turbines are machines installed in large wind farms to convert the wind's kinetic energy into electrical power. For an optimal wind farm siting, it is necessary to take into account the interaction between wind turbine wakes. In general, wake effects are associated with velocity deficit and enhanced turbulence intensity. This may reduce the aerodynamic efficiency and lifetime of downwind turbines, making the project unfeasible. Several experimental and numerical studies have been conducted to unravel the behavior of wind turbine wakes under different inflow conditions. However, current wind farm siting tools are incapable of accurately predicting and assessing its effects. This document presents an experimental methodology in the wind tunnel to survey the influence of the atmospheric turbulence on the wake flow field of a wind turbine model. Specifically, four different flow conditions were investigated: i) uniform-laminar; ii) uniform-turbulent; iii) power law exponent α = 0.11; iv) power law exponent α = 0.23. All cases were developed under neutrally stratified conditions. Hot-wire anemometry was used to obtain high-resolution measurements of the mean velocity and turbulence intensity profiles at different downwind positions. Results show that different turbulence intensity levels of the incoming flow lead to substantial differences in the spatial distribution of the wakes. Particularly, higher ambient turbulence promotes a faster wake recovery and lower velocity deficit. In conclusion, the use of wind tunnel experiments is a trustworthy alternative that brings precision and reliability to wind projects.

King, Matthew A. "Measurement of Threshold Friction Velocities at Potential Dust Sources in Semi-arid Regions." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/596087.

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The threshold friction velocities of potential dust sources in the US Southwest were measured in the field using a Portable Wind Tunnel, which is based on the Desert Research Institute's Portable In-Situ Wind Erosion Laboratory (PI-SWERL). A mix of both disturbed and undisturbed surfaces were included in this study. It was found that disturbed surfaces, such as those at the Iron King Mine tailings site, which is part of the EPA's Superfund program and contains surface concentrations of arsenic and lead reaching as high as 0.5% (w/w), had lower threshold friction velocities (0.32 m s⁻¹ to 0.40 m s⁻¹) in comparison to those of undisturbed surfaces (0.48 to 0.61 m s⁻¹). Surface characteristics, such as particle size distribution, had effects on the threshold friction velocity (smaller grain sized distributions resulted in lower threshold friction velocities). Overall, the threshold friction velocities of disturbed surfaces were within the range of natural wind conditions, indicating that surfaces disturbed by human activity are more prone to causing windblown dust.

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Книги з теми "Atmospheric wind tunnel":

EURASAP International Workshop on Wind and Water Tunnel Modelling of Atmospheric Flow and Dispersion (6th 1993 Aso, Japan). 6th EURASAP International Workshop on Wind and Water Tunnel Modelling of Atmospheric Flow and Dispersion: Aso, Japan, 25-27 August 1993, plus regular papers. Oxford: Pergamon, 1996.

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Arrighi, Robert S. Revolutionary atmosphere: The story of the Altitude Wind Tunnel & Space Power Chambers. Washington, DC: NASA History Division, Office of External Relations, NASA Headquarters, 2009.

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Roth, J. Reece. Boundary layer flow control with a One Atmosphere Uniform Glow Disclharge Surface Plasmaa. Reston, Va: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1998.

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Ning, Ping. Wei xian pin xie lou de feng dong shi yan yu shu zhi mo ni. 8th ed. Beijing: Ye jin gong ye chu ban she, 2010.

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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. Atmospheric probe model: Construction and wind tunnel tests : final report : grant no. NCC 2-935. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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Atmospheric probe model: Construction and wind tunnel tests : final report : grant no. NCC 2-935. [Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1998.

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A, Hertig J., and Commission of the European Communities. Directorate-General for Science, Research and Development., eds. Wind tunnel simulation of atmospheric dispersion in stable conditions at a real site. Luxembourg: Commission of the European Communities, 1985.

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Schon, J. P., M. Ayrault, O. Bebbarh, and F. Ladhari. Atmospheric Diffusion of Puffs: Simulation in a Wind Tunnel (Nuclear Science and Technology, 94). European Communities, 1985.

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Guenther, Alex Brian. Wind tunnel, field and numerical investigations of plume downwash and dispersion at an Arctic industrial site. 1989.

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R, Miller Dean, Ide Robert F, and United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., eds. A study of large droplet ice accretion in the NASA Lewis IRT at near-freezing conditions; Pt. 2. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1997.

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Частини книг з теми "Atmospheric wind tunnel":

Schatzmann, M., G. König, and O. A. Lohmeyer. "Wind Tunnel Modeling of Small-Scale Meteorological Processes." In Interactions between Energy Transformations and Atmospheric Phenomena. A Survey of Recent Research, 241–49. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-1911-7_15.

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Hancock, Philip E., Frauke Pascheke, and Shanying Zhang. "Wind Tunnel Simulation of Wind Turbine Wakes in Neutral, Stable and Unstable Offshore Atmospheric Boundary Layers." In Research Topics in Wind Energy, 109–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-54696-9_16.

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Fedorovich, E., and R. Kaiser. "Wind Tunnel Model Study of Turbulence Regime in the Atmospheric Convective Boundary Layer." In Buoyant Convection in Geophysical Flows, 327–70. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5058-3_15.

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Hertig, J. A., P. Liska, F. Ladhari, M. Ayrault, and J. P. Schon. "Wind Tunnel Simulation of Atmospheric Dispersion in Stable Conditions at a Real Site." In Safety of Thermal Water Reactors, 457–68. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4972-0_41.

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Iversen, J. D. "Aeolian Processes in the Environmental Wind Tunnel and in the Atmosphere." In Physics of desertification, 318–21. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-4388-9_21.

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Roberto, Adrian, Guilherme Sausen, and Acir M. "Statistical Analysis of Wind Tunnel and Atmospheric Boundary Layer Turbulent Flows." In Wind Tunnel Designs and Their Diverse Engineering Applications. InTech, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/54088.

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White, Bruce R. "Particle transport by atmospheric winds on Venus: an experimental wind tunnel study." In Aeolian Geomorphology, 57–74. Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429265150-4.

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Kaimal, J. C., and J. J. Finnigan. "Flow Over Flat Uniform Terrain." In Atmospheric Boundary Layer Flows. Oxford University Press, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195062397.003.0004.

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We start with the simplest of boundary layers, that over an infinite flat surface. Here we can assume the flow to be horizontally homogeneous. Its statistical properties are independent of horizontal position; they vary only with height and time. This assumption of horizontal homogeneity is essential in a first approach to understanding a process already complicated by such factors as the earth's rotation, diurnal and spatial variations in surface heating, changing weather conditions, and the coexistence of convective and shear-generated turbulence. It allows us to ignore partial derivatives of mean quantities along the horizontal axes (the advection terms) in the governing equations. Only ocean surfaces come close to the idealized infinite surface. Over land we settle for surfaces that are locally homogeneous, flat plains with short uniform vegetation, where the advection terms are small enough to be negligible. If, in addition to horizontal homogeneity, we can assume stationarity, that the statistical properties of the flow do not change with time, the time derivatives in the governing equations vanish as well. This condition cannot be realized in its strict sense because of the long-term variabilities in the atmosphere. But for most applications we can treat the process as a sequence of steady states. The major simplification it permits is the introduction of time averages that represent the properties of the process and not those of the averaging time. These two conditions clear the way for us to apply fluid dynamical theories and empirical laws developed from wind tunnel studies to the atmosphere's boundary layer. We can see why micrometeorologists in the 1950s and 1960s scoured the countryside for flat uniform sites. The experiments over the plains of Nebraska, Kansas, and Minnesota (USA), Kerang and Hay (Australia), and Tsimliansk (USSR) gave us the first inklings of universal behavior in boundary layer turbulence. Our concept of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) and its vertical extent has changed significantly over the last few decades.

Chiba, Seiki, and Mikio Waki. "The Challenge of Controlling a Small Mars Plane." In Solar Planets and Exoplanets [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95507.

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Dielectric elastomers (DEs) are lightweight and high-power, making them ideal for power control in a planetary exploration spacecraft. In this chapter, we will discuss the control of an exploration airplane exploring the surface of Mars using DEs. This airplane requires lightweight and powerful actuators to fly in the rare Martian atmosphere. DEs are a possible candidate for use as actuator controlling the airplane since they have high power, and high efficiency. A structural model of a wing having a control surface, a DE, and a linkage was built and a wind tunnel test of a control surface actuation using a DE actuator was carried out.

Chiba, Seiki, and Mikio Waki. "The Challenge of Controlling a Small Mars Plane." In Solar Planets and Exoplanets [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95507.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Atmospheric wind tunnel":

NORRIS, R., S. PARIS, and E. WHITE. "The flying wind tunnel." In 16th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1989-3378.

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Gillard, William. "AFRL F-22 dynamic wind tunnel test results." In 24th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1999-4015.

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Tchatchueng Kammegne, Michel Joël, Ruxandra M. Botez, Lucian Grigorie, Mahmoud Mamou, and Youssef Mebarki. "A wind tunnel tested control system for a morphing wing actuation mechanism." In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2016-3390.

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Fujiwara, Gustavo E. C., Brock D. Wiberg, Brian Woodard, and Michael Bragg. "3D Swept Hybrid Wing Design Method for Icing Wind Tunnel Tests." In 6th AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2014-2616.

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Pantoya, Michelle, Kenneth Shifflett, Walter Oler, and William Burton. "A Wind Tunnel Study of Heat Transfer Over Complex Terrain." In ASME 2003 Wind Energy Symposium. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wind2003-1187.

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Maximizing wind energy resources requires a detailed understanding of atmospheric flow behavior over complex topography. The objective of this research is to examine unstable flow behavior over a three-dimensional topographic model, representative of mesa terrain that is common in West Texas. The goal is to develop an understanding of how unstable atmospheric conditions caused by surface heating affect boundary layer flow patterns in the natural environment. This objective was accomplished by experimentally monitoring transient thermal behavior of narrow band liquid crystals over a scaled model. Photographic data was collected as the heated model was subjected to a cooler flow field. The transient isotherms result from cooling as the model is exposed to flow in an atmospheric boundary layer wind tunnel. Results suggest that flow patterns associated with unstable conditions can be explained by increased wind speeds on the lee side of a mesa followed by vigorous mixing causing increased cooling rates around the mesa sides. The results could be used to improve the accuracy of numerical atmospheric flow models, assess the feasibility of developing wind turbine sites, and increase the knowledge-base in order to advance wind energy forecasting techniques.

Grauer, Jared, Jennifer Heeg, and Eugene Morelli. "Real-Time Frequency Response Estimation Using Joined-Wing SensorCraft Aeroelastic Wind-Tunnel Data." In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2012-4641.

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CHASSIAKOS, ANASTASSIOS, PETROS IOANNOU, MICHAEL SAFONOV, MARC NUGENT, and DOUG MOORE. "Adaptive roll control of a dynamic wind tunnel model." In 15th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1988-4373.

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WELLS, WILLIAM. "Wind-tunnel preflight test program for aeroassist flight experiment." In 14th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1987-2367.

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Magill, J., L. Darden, N. Komerath, and J. Dorsey. "Measurement of aircraft stability parameters in the wind tunnel using a wind driven manipulator." In 19th Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1994-3457.

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Fortin, Guy, and Jean Perron. "Spinning Rotor Blade Tests in Icing Wind Tunnel." In 1st AIAA Atmospheric and Space Environments Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2009-4260.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Atmospheric wind tunnel":

Fuchs, Marcel, Jerry Hatfield, Amos Hadas, and Rami Keren. Reducing Evaporation from Cultivated Soils by Mulching with Crop Residues and Stabilized Soil Aggregates. United States Department of Agriculture, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1993.7568086.bard.

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Field and laboratory studies of insulating properties of mulches show that the changes they produce on the heat balance and the evaporation depend not only on the intrinsic characteristics of the material but also on the structure of air flow in boundary layer. Field measurements of the radiation balance of corn residue showed a decrease of reflectivity from 0.2 to 0.17 from fall to spring. The aerodynamic properties of the atmospheric surface layer were turbulent, with typical roughness length of 12 to 24 mm. Evaporation from corn residue covered soils in climate chambers simulating the diurnal course of temperature in the field were up to 60% less than bare soil. Wind tunnel studies showed that turbulence in the atmospheric boundary layer added a convective component to the transport of water vapor and heat through the mulches. The decreasing the porosity of the mulch diminished this effect. Factors increasing the resistance to vapor flow lowering the effect of wind. The behavior of wheat straw and stabilized soil aggregates mulches were similar, but the resistance to water of soil aggregate layer with diameter less than 2 mm were very large, close to the values expected from molecular diffusion.