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Статті в журналах з теми "Authorized Economic Operator program"
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KARAVAYEV, Taras, Ganna DUGINETS, and Oksana NIKANOROVA. "Authorized economic operator: world experience." Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 121, no. 2 (June 30, 2022): 26–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/zt.knute.2022(121)03.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Introduction. The AEO has become the flagship program of the Customs-Business Partnership for WTO members. Business partnership programs allow customs authorities to achieve higher results in ensuring security and safety of international trade through incentives such as reduced controls, simplified procedures, periodic reporting, deferred payments, reputational benefits and others. Analysis of world experience (namely the USA, the EU, China and other WTO countries) has shown the feasibility of implementing the AEO program, which allows authorized businesses to provide special simplifycation for the movement of goods through internationallogistics chains. Analysis of recent researches and publications has shown that the published up to date papers aren’t systematic and can’t claim to be a complete analysis of the AEO program world experience and benefits for doing business in Ukraine. The aim of the article is to analyze the worldand Ukrainian experience while implementing AEO program. Methods. General scientific methods such as the systematic approach, theoretical generalization and comparison, analysis and synthesis have been used for the research. Results. The AEO program was launched in the EU in 2008, where today about 80% of export-import operations are carried out by companies with AEO status or individual authorizations for special simplifications. The total number of companies with AEO status in the EU is over 24,275 at the end of 2021. AEO programs have already been implemented in 97 countries, another 20 countries are in the active stages of implementation. 87 bilateral and 4 multilateral / regional MRAs on mutual recognitionhave been signed. 78 MRAs are under negotiation. An unconditional positive is the launch of the AEO program in Ukraine, which is in line with leading European and world experience. The Ministry of Finance and the State Customs Service, with the support of the British Embassy, the Reform Support Office and the EU4PFM project, have developed and implemented the necessary legal framework to launch the AEO program in Ukraine. The AEO program became important during the war between Ukraine and Russia. In this aspect, it is important to increase the number of companies with AEO status that have a certain type of simplification (AEO-C and / or AEO-B). This will speed up the customs clearance and passing goods of such companies to meet the needs of the Armed Forcesand the civil population of Ukraine. Conclusions. Today there is a significant gap in informing business representatives, young professionals and practitioners, applicants for higher education in Ukraine about the specifics of meeting the requirements for AEO authorization, the tangible benefits of AEO status for both types of business in Ukraine and at the international level. Wider implementation of the AEO program in Ukraine, in addition to the tool of business partnerships, trade facilitation, strengthening security in the field of foreign economic activity, will also be one of the tools to de-shadow business.
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Surono, Surono, and Benedictus Janrian Purba. "PROGRAM IMPLEMENTATION AUTORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR (AEO) IN INDONESIA." International Journal of Economics, Business and Accounting Research (IJEBAR) 6, no. 1 (March 29, 2022): 455. http://dx.doi.org/10.29040/ijebar.v6i1.4859.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The national program of Authorized Economic Operators (AEO) program is a mandate that must be carried out by customs administrations in each country according to the agreement on WCO SAFE Framework of Standards, is adopted in 2005. Indonesia has expressed its commitment to implementing this program since the signing of the letter of intent of WCO SAFE FoS in 2005. The results of research analysis on the implementation of the AEO program in Indonesia show the conclusion that (1) the high interest of economic operator companies to participate in the AEO certification program is due to the potential benefit factor that will be received. Second (2), there are 13 standard conditions and requirements that must be met by AEO companies which are based on the DGCE Regulation number PER-4/BC/2015 breakdown into 51 criteria. This is a challenge that needs to be faced by enthusiasts of the AEO program to avoid administrative failure rates in the certification process. Finally (3), the efforts made by Customs in increasing the number of AEO certified companies, among others, by active socialization to economic operator companies and also Customs vertical units in the regions, carrying out Focus Group Discussions, and the most strategically developing a coaching clinic program as a form of assistance to economic operator companies who are interested in participating in the AEO program.
Keywords: Authorized Economic Operator, AEO, WCO SAFE Framework of Standards
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Kafeero, Edward. "Profiting from the Authorized Economic Operator Paradigm in the Era of Global Value Chains: A Conceptual and Legal Analysis." International Conference on Advances in Business, Management and Law (ICABML) 2017 1, no. 1 (December 24, 2017): 467–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.30585/icabml-cp.v1i1.38.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper analyses the conceptual and legal development of the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) paradigm over the past three decades. Compliance management, supply chain security and trade facilitation are found to be the underlying objectives behind AEO programs. The paper examines the dynamics of global value chains (GVCs) and concludes that AEO programs are beneficial to GVCs. The Revised Kyoto Convention, The SAFE Framework of Standards and the Trade Facilitation Agreement are identified as the basic international legal (and regulatory) framework that guides AEO programs.
Key words: Authorized Economic Operator; Global Value Chains; Supply Chain Security; Trade Facilitation; Customs Compliance Management.
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Santos, Kemily Victoria Luz, and Cristiano Morini. "THE EFFECT OF THE EXCLUSION OF THE AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR FOR CUSTOMS BROKERS IN BRAZIL." Customs Research and Applications Journal 3, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31092/craj.v3i1.89.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Brazil joined the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) program, established as a standard by the World Customs Organization, in 2014. In 2018, the change in legislation excluded the category of customs brokers from the certified entities. This research aims to address the reasons and consequences of the exclusion of the certificate to the category of customs brokers. This exclusion took place because many customs brokers filed lawsuits to acquire the certificate, without taking the exam. This analysis comes through survey type research, applied to customs brokers who had the certificate and those who did not, from a Customs broker association from the state of Sao Paulo, in which they described the main impacts caused in their profession. Sao Paulo state is the biggest import and export state and contains the main airports and ports in Brazil. The lack of certification in the customs broker´s chain may ameliorate the security controls in the whole international trade chain. This paper is especially useful because we present results that come up from a service provider in the global supply chain, as well as the effects that took place in Brazil may occur in other countries.
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Cedilnik, Marko, and Rok Ramšak. "A Local Perspective to the Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) Concept." Lex localis - Journal of Local Self-Government 11, no. 3 (May 13, 2013): 673–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4335/11.3.673-685(2013).
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
This paper explains the concept the Authorised Economic Operator (AEO) and discusses why it is important for the local authorities to be familiar with the concept. Based on the quantitative survey carried out in this research we found that the ownership of the AEO certificate accelerates the road-based flow of goods and that it also positively affects the operation of economic operators within the scope of international trade. We also established that the infrastructure at border crossings does not enable the complete utilisation of all benefits offered by the ownership of the AEO certificate. This research of the AEO customs control program finds that the positive effects of AEO are reflected in the local environment as well and that the maximisation of the effects of the AEO requires the participation of the local government (municipalities, other local communities). This is especially the case in the activities associated with the planning of cross border traffic infrastructure and in the provision of information on the significance of time and security of supply chain functions.
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Thu Hien, Phan Thi. "How to Take Advantage of Trade Facilitation in Vietnam: A Case Study of Vietnam’s Logistics Firms." Global Trade and Customs Journal 15, Issue 6 (June 1, 2020): 308–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2020072.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Inspired by the theme of the World Customs Organization and its conclusion that ‘Trade facilitation initiatives and intergovernmental schemes of customs community have been providing logistics enterprises with many opportunities to join effectively and profitably in the integrated supply chains all over the world’, this analysis focuses on Vietnam Customs creation of Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) status. It aims to enhance global trade security and foster business competitiveness, promoting greater success in international trade and business. However, Vietnam’s logistics companies cannot readily benefit from the AEO program because they cannot meet the AEO criteria of high exports and imports volume (for Vietnamese traders) as well as a huge number of customs declarations (for Vietnamese customs brokers). Obviously, no Vietnamese logistics company has been granted AEO status since the beginning of AEO program. Shining a light on this, we can explore the reality of why Vietnamese logistics companies really have not benefitted from the current AEO program.
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Dung Pham, Mr Tuan. "FACTORS IMPACTING ON THE NEGOTIATION OF MUTUAL RECOGNITION ARRANGEMENTS/ AGREEMENTS OF AUTHORIZED ECONOMIC OPERATOR PROGRAMS: A LITERATURE REVIEW." Customs Scientific Journal 2 (2019): 68–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.32836/2308-6971/2019.2.6.
Повний текст джерела
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Chang-Bong, Kim, Hong-Uk Chun, and Seung-Ha Kwon. "Impact of application factors of the AEO program on its performance." Journal of Korea Trade 20, no. 4 (December 5, 2016): 332–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkt-12-2016-018.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose In a changing trade landscape, global trade transaction relies on a global supply-chain network. Customs clearance to cross borders is critical to enhancing the competitiveness of both importers and exporters. As such, each country has adopted an authorized economic operator (AEO) program to promote the security of both imported and exported cargo as well as expedite freight movements. The purpose of this paper is to discover the factors which should be taken into account to utilize an AEO program, and to look at the causal relations between these factors. Design/methodology/approach This study conducted a survey on 201 AEO programs in Korea. With partial least squares, the structure model is tested using the coefficient value of the determination of the dependent variable, explained by the sign and scale of the path coefficient, statistical significance, and leading variable. Moreover, this study performed bootstrap re-sampling to verify all paths and significance. Findings It was found that AEO external pressure, training capacity, and sustainability are shown to have a significant impact on AEO performance. Furthermore, for the group with a high level of AEO application, training capacity and AEO sustainability are shown to have a greater effect on AEO performance. For the group with a low level of AEO application, internal regulation is shown to have a bigger impact on AEO performance. Originality/value This study sets itself apart from previous ones in that it examines AEO application for trade security and facilitation with regard to customs, which would affect global supply-chain management.
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Park, Hong Gyue, and YoungJae Park. "Examining the perceived impact of financial investment in AEO certification on performance through trade facilitation and public and private partnership." International Journal of Logistics Management 29, no. 1 (February 12, 2018): 46–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijlm-10-2016-0245.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of financial investment (FI) in Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) certification on performance of Korean logistics companies through public and private partnership (PPP) and trade facilitation (TF). Design/methodology/approach Questionnaire survey was conducted to collect the data for this study, out of which 285 were adopted for the analysis using structural equation modeling for quantitative analysis. Also, it is based on professionals in Korean logistics companies that are AEO certified only. Findings FI on AEO certification had positive impacts on performance via PPP, while TF variable had no significant impact on the overall performance. Research limitations/implications This study focuses on the FI in AEO certification and its impact on performance in Korea. There should be more quantitative and confirmatory research on other countries with AEO certification to validate the findings of this study. It may be possible to generate contrary findings in different economies or countries. Practical implications These findings imply that public managers should focus more on TF aspects of the program with the Mutual Recognition Agreement with major trading partners and growing economies around the world in order to make the AEO program more popular and global with supply chain members overseas. Originality/value This study has offered original discovery and practical, academic implications for AEO program in terms of testing and suggesting factors provided by previous studies as a confirmatory and quantitative research.
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Ireland, Robert. "The WCO SAFE Framework of Standards: Avoiding Excess in Global Supply Chain Security Policy." Global Trade and Customs Journal 4, Issue 11/12 (November 1, 2009): 341–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gtcj2009044.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Prior to the terrorist attacks of 11 September 2001, customs controls related to national security threats did not feature highly on the policy priorities of the World Customs Organization’s (WCO). After 9/11 and implementation of several US Customs programs such as the Container Security Initiative (CSI) and the Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT), and regulations such as the 24-Hour Rule, the WCO began to focus much more of its work on supply chain security. This transition culminated in 2005 with the adoption of the WCO SAFE Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade (SAFE Framework), a non-binding instrument comprised of technical customs standards aimed at securing without impeding international trade. This article will discuss the intricacies of the SAFE Framework including its history, political context, and technical elements (especially risk management and the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) concept) and antecedents. This article will also consider the 2007 US legislation mandating 100% scanning of US-bound cargo containers at foreign ports that clouds and constrains the SAFE Framework’s future. The article concludes that policymakers should seek to avoid excess in formulating supply chain security policies.
Дисертації з теми "Authorized Economic Operator program"
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Lima, Alexsandro Soares de. "Controle de cargas conteinerizadas utilizando elementos da cadeia logística segura e do programa brasileiro de Operador Econômico Autorizado (OEA)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2015. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-14062016-110624/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente trabalho propõe um processo para auxiliar a tarefa de implantação de controles de Cadeia Logística Segura para a importação e exportação de cargas conteinerizadas, transportadas pelo modal rodoviário. Está em consonância com a legislação brasileira atual, no que se refere à Receita Federal do Brasil e demais Órgãos Anuentes. Além disso, inclui, também, as novas diretrizes do Programa Brasileiro de Operador Econômico Autorizado que teve seu início na primeira quinzena de Dezembro de 2014, bem como os aspectos principais do quadro SAFE, da Organização Mundial das Aduanas (OMA) e do programa americano Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT). O processo proposto no trabalho contempla a instrumentação dos controles e seus principais pontos de integração de dados, estágio em que grande parte dos operadores econômicos atuais se encontra. A proposta justifica-se pela complexidade dos processos de cadeias logísticas, sua importância para o comércio exterior e, portanto, para a economia do país, que exigem um aperfeiçoamento constante para atender à competitividade crescente dos mercados, controlar e gerenciar riscos e incertezas dos tempos da globalização. A metodologia do trabalho de pesquisa constou de estudos sobre o significado de cadeia logística segura, legislações e normatizações existentes, principais tecnologias utilizadas no Brasil e no mundo e suas estratégias de integração de sistemas, com enfoque em alguns projetos de gestão já existentes no país. O porto de Santos foi tomado como campo principal de pesquisa. O trabalho evidenciou a importância da presença de três características fundamentais em um processo de cadeia logística segura: ser instrumentado, integrado e inteligente. Considera-se que, a partir do processo proposto, será possível aumentar o grau de inteligência de uma cadeia logística, de forma a gerenciar e mitigar os potenciais riscos de forma mais racional.This assay proposes a process to assist the task of implantation of controls of Secure Supply Chain to importation and exportation of containerized cargo, transported by road. It is pursuant to the current Brazilian laws, as it concerns Receita Federal do Brasil and other consenting authorities. In addition, it also includes the new guidelines of the Brazilian Authorized Economic Operator Program, which began on the first fortnight of December 2014, as well as the main aspects of the SAFE Framework, from the World Customs Organization (WCO) and the C-TPAT program (Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism). The proposal is justified by the complexity of the supply chain processes, their importance to the foreign trade and therefore, to the countrys economy, which require constant improvement in order to meet the growing competitiveness within markets and to control and manage risks and uncertainties of globalization times. The methodology of this assay consists of studies on the meaning of secure supply chain, existing laws and standards, main technologies used in Brazil and throughout the world and their strategies of system integration, focusing on some management projects already existing in the country. The Port of Santos was taken as main research field. This assay provides evidence of the importance of three fundamental characteristics in a secure supply chain process: to be instrumented, integrated and intelligent. The proposed methodology contemplates instrumentation of the processes and their key points of integration, a stage in which great part of the existing economic operators can be found currently. From this point on, it will be possible to increase its degree of intelligence in such a way as to manage and mitigate risks more rationally.
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Trompeter, Philipp, and Paavo Melin. "Examination of the advantageousness of the AEO certification to NORMA Sweden AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-57337.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
NORMA Sweden AB is part of NORMA Group, a global market and technology leader in engineered joining technology. The Swedish business unit, NORMA Sweden, trades with various internal and external customers in different customs territories. In order to facilitate this, the management is considering to attain the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) certification that allows for customs facilitations. The AEO program consists of the AEO-C and AEO-S certification. Those two certifications can be achieved independently, they have different barriers and create different benefits. The extent to that these general benefits and barriers create benefits and barriers in a specific company varies a lot depending on the individual supply chain settings of the organisation. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the advantage of the AEO-C and the AEO-S certification to NORMA Sweden. In order to achieve a comprehensive result, the benefits and barriers of the AEO certifications to NORMA Sweden are analysed in the context of the company’s strategy and the drivers for the AEO application. A Framework is developed to conduct the examination. It allows to appraise the benefits and barriers of the certification that are combined into different impact areas. This is accomplished by a quantitative analysis that is based on a simplified scale of 0-3. The results are verified by a subsequent qualitative analysis. The Analysis has been conducted under consideration of literature, customs guidelines and empirical information that has been gathered by expert interviews as well as by observations. The results of the quantitative analysis indicate that both certifications are currently not beneficial to NORMA Sweden. Further, it is obvious that the gap between barriers and benefits is smaller for the AEO-C certification as it is for the AEO-S certification. The qualitative analysis reveals that NORMA Sweden should aim for an AEO certification anyway due to the strategy of the parent company and expected future developments. Following the findings of the quantitative and qualitative analysis the company is advised to aim for the AEO-C certification first.
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Hoeflich, Sergio Luiz. "Indicadores de desempenho aplicados à gestão de riscos em cadeias logísticas seguras no comércio exterior." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3143/tde-16072018-084006/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia para gestão dos riscos em empresas que atuam cadeia de suprimentos internacional. Apresenta-se um roteiro de analise qualitativa de conformidade e de avaliação qualitativa dos riscos, atendendo aos requisitos da habilitação para a certificação de Operadores Econômicos Autorizados (OEA). A metodologia de gestão de riscos foi modelada a partir de aspectos pertinentes, com os indicadores que são relevantes para os operadores no comércio exterior brasileiro, cujos riscos vão além das operações nas aduanas. O gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos e o conceito que encerram os seus riscos foram pesquisados na literatura, em busca modelos de gerenciamento adequados às atividades do OEA. O modelo proposto consiste em uma metodologia de analise quantitativa para a gestão dinâmica dos riscos avançando além dos consagrado método qualitativo de gestão de conformidades. É um instrumento que se presta a atender aos mais variados setores das organizações, que estão comprometidas com a gestão dos seus riscos corporativos.This research presents a methodology for risk management in companies that operate the international supply chain. A roadmap for qualitative analysis of compliance and qualitative risk assessment is presented, taking into account the requirements of the authorization for the certification of Authorized Economic Operators (AEO). The risk management methodology was modeled on pertinent aspects, with the indicators that are relevant for the operators in the Brazilian foreign trade, whose risks go beyond customs operations. Supply chain management and the concept that curtailed its risks were researched in the literature, in search of management models appropriate to AEO activities. The proposed model consists of a methodology of quantitative analysis for the dynamic management of risks, advancing beyond the established qualitative method of compliance management. It is an instrument that serves the most varied sectors of organizations, which are committed to managing their corporate risks.
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Chuquipiondo, Amézquita Luis Alfonso, and Diaz Olga Noemi Flores. "Factores que dificultan la certificación de operador económico autorizado (OEA) en las agencias de aduana de Lima y Callao en el periodo de años 2012-2019." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652825.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir el problema que presentan algunas agencias de aduanas para que se certifiquen como Operadores Económicos Autorizados (OEA) Lima y Callao en el periodo de años 2012-2019.
La metodología de investigación que se ha utilizado para la presente tesis es la metodología enfoque cualitativo con carácter explicativo, tiene como objetivo comprender el complejo mundo del comercio exterior y la experiencia que viven los agentes de aduanas.
El Análisis de resultados es la falta de conocimiento de los beneficios de la certificación OEA, la capacidad estructural y económica para enfrentar las diferentes auditorias y fiscalizaciones de la Sunat, las agencias de aduanas no logran crear procesos adecuados para mejorar su operatividad aduanera.
Se recomienda las agencias de aduanas realicen las modificaciones e inversiones en las infraestructuras de sus empresas para garantizar la seguridad de las cargas de sus clientes, así como también por su capital humano. Además, deben estar alineados a los diferentes reglamentos y las exigencias de las leyes laborales peruanas para generar confianza y buena imagen a sus respectivos clientes para que rentabilice la relación comercial entre agencia de aduana y cliente.
Por ello, la investigación se ha estructurado en cinco partes para una mejor comprensión del lector. La primera parte es el “Marco teórico”, que presenta los antecedentes a nivel nacional e internacional, las bases teóricas del comercio internacional, de aduanas, de agente de aduanas y los operadores económicos autorizados, así como los beneficios, los requisitos y el impacto de la certificación como operador económico autorizado en el Perú y el mundo. La segunda parte es el “Plan de Investigación”, donde se plantea la problemática, la hipótesis y los objetivos generales y específicos que se pretenden lograr en la presente tesis. En la tercera parte, “Metodología del trabajo” se expone el tipo de investigación utilizada en el presente estudio y para lo cual se han realizado entrevistas exhaustivas a representantes de las agencias de aduanas que no se encuentran certificadas como agente de OEA - Operador Económico Autorizado en Lima y Callao. En la cuarta parte, “Desarrollo de la tesis”, se realiza el análisis de los datos recolectados en las entrevistas, a fin de obtener los resultados y las respuestas más relevantes a las preguntas planteadas, que permitirán cumplir con el objetivo principal de esta investigación y aportar a la teoría existente. En la quinta y última parte, se presenta la “Discusión y Análisis de resultados”, se plasman las conclusiones obtenidas.The purpose of this investigation is to describe the problem some identify the reasons why Customs agents have in order not to get certified as Authorized Economic Operator Certification (AEO) in Lima and Callao from 2012 until 2019. The methodology used in this investigation has qualitative approach with descriptive and explanatory character and has as an objective to comprehend the complex world of the foreign trade and the experience that custom agents have. The Analysis of results is the lack of knowledge of the benefits of the AEO certification, the structural and economic capacity to face the different audits and inspections of the SUNAT, the customs agencies fail to create adequate processes to improve their customs operations. Customs agencies are recommended to make modifications and investments in their companies 'infrastructures to guarantee the safety of their clients' cargoes, as well as for their human capital. In addition, they must be aligned to the different regulations and the requirements of Peruvian labor laws to generate confidence and good image to their respective clients so that they make profitable the commercial relationship between customs agency and client. Therefore, the research has been structured in five parts for a better understanding of the reader. The first part is the “Theoretical Framework”, which presents the national and international background, the theoretical bases of international trade, customs, customs brokers and authorized economic operators, as well as the benefits, requirements and impact of certification as an authorized economic operator in Peru and the world. The second part is the "Research Plan", where the problem, the hypothesis and the general and specific objectives that are intended to be achieved in this thesis are presented. In the third part, "Work Methodology" the type of research used in this study is exposed and for which exhaustive interviews have been conducted with representatives of customs agencies that are not certified as an AEO agent - Authorized Economic Operator in Lima and Callao. In the fourth part, "Development of the thesis", the analysis of the data collected in the interviews is carried out, in order to obtain the most relevant results and answers to the questions asked, which will enable the main objective of this research to be fulfilled. and contribute to the existing theory. In the fifth and last part, the "Discussion and Analysis of results" is presented, the conclusions obtained are reflected.
Tesis
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Pratama, Dicky Hadi. "Security extension through integration mechanisms in export supply chains: case study analysis of four authorized economic operators in Indonesia." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/38659/.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Security in supply chain requires participation from all supply chain members (Jüttner et al., 2003, Martens et al., 2011, Thun and Hoenig, 2011). The focal firms have vested interests in security along their supply chains and must, therefore, extend their security interests to their chain partners. As firms engaged in importing and exporting commonly outsource their logistics functions to external logistics service providers, supply chains are increasingly complex and the risks to the supply chain security (SCS) are amplified. Thus, SCS extension, or compliance of relevant security standards at every function of the supply chain from the focal firms to their chain partners, is paramount.
The relationship between the focal firms and chain partners involve mechanisms of supply chain integration (SCI) characterized by ownership, contracts, operational interdependence and information sharing (Robinson, 2009). Achieving SCI in export supply chains requires the careful coordination of activities and collaboration among the partners. Many firms are, however, failing in their attempts at SCI (Jayaram and Tan, 2010, Robinson, 2015) and thus risks are posed to SCS. Therefore, this research examines the relationship between SCI and SCS, and how integration mechanisms facilitate security extension from the focal firms to their chain partners.
This research was focused on the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) program, which is promoted by the World Customs Organization (WCO) with the overarching principle of integration to ensure security in an end-to-end supply chain (WCO, 2012). The implementation of the AEO program in Indonesian export supply chain provided the research context on the export leg from the manufacturers to the ports of export.
Using a multiple case study approach of four newly awarded AEO exporters and their chain partners operating in an Indonesian port environment, the relationship between SCI and SCS was examined. Agency theory underpinned this research to examine efforts of security extension from the AEOs to their chain partners. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and in situ observations at the Indonesian ports. The data were thematically analyzed to map supply chain structures, and identify integration mechanism practices, security risks, and measures related to security extension. Subsequently, a cross-case analysis was conducted to produce topography of integration mechanisms and security extensions across the case studies.
The results demonstrate that contractual agreements facilitate direct relationships between the AEOs and the chain actors, including extended tier partners. Such agreements allow for a wider span of control and opportunities to implement security standards in the whole chain. The benefits of having wider security extension throughout the chain outweigh the agency costs of control and coordination in the principal-agent relationships between the AEOs and their chain partners.
This research makes significant theoretical and practical contributions. The theoretical model developed to analyze the SCI-SCS relationship reveals that SCI is critical to achieving the required security levels within every segment of the supply chain. Improving the understanding of this relationship at the intersection of SCI-SCS has made a significant contribution to the integration literature, specifically in the context of export supply chains in the Indonesian port environment. The use of agency theory in resolving the conflicts and uncertain outcomes in principal-agent relationships also offers a new perspective on the complexity of multiple-tier relationships. Practically, the research findings will help AEOs, logistics service providers and customs administrations realize the significance of integration mechanisms for extending security standards effectively in export supply chains.
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Lin, Hui-Ying, and 林慧英. "A Study on Applying Authorized Economic Operator Certification to Enterprises." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/23559248803243309486.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士世新大學
資訊管理學研究所(含碩專班)
101
This thesis intends to comprehend the development of international cargo security programs and the conditions of the global supply chain security programs in advanced and realize our national main guidelines of Authorized Economic Operator (AEO), risk assessment process, and measure for prevention and control. To use the method of survey conducts the research, including the rating of those AEO certified companies, analytic hierarchy process, and questionnaire, also the parts of its benefits and continuing promoting by the Custom. To integrate the data collecting from questionnaire analyzes those enterprises’ internal strategic decision and estimates cases to obtain results. It provides some suggestions can be the guidance for government formulating policies or companies interested in applying for AEO. The result shows the viewpoints of experts for six dimensions by using Expert Choice to calculate the geometric mean of relative importance pairwise comparisons and matrices as follows: 1. Basic demands of Supply Chain Security management; 2. Policy of supply chain security management; 3. Risk assessment and plan of S supply chain security management; 4. Practice and operation of supply chain security management; 5. Verification and correction of supply chain security management; 6. Examination and improvement of supply chain security management. It is expected this thesis becomes a reference for companies interested in applying for AEO to enhance Taiwan a better competitive country in the global market and enable not only businesses to obtain the best interior preferential treatment but also to enhance the security of consignments and have fast-tracked through customs controls internationally. It is to look forward to offering import/ export companies better competitive advantages by being recognized with more countries.
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Chou, Ting-Jui, and 周庭瑞. "The Evaluation of Introducing Authorized Economic Operator System into Ocean Freight Forwarders." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/07831482367211077374.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
101
In today’s well-developed trade activities, relationship between companies becomes more and more interdependently and closely. The supply chain systems are always composed of numerous members and complex connections across borders. After the threat of terrorist attacks in the USA on September 11, 2001, the supply chain security becomes an important issue over the world. Because of that, the USA advocacy of developing a lot of international cargo supply chain security relevant norms, such as CSI, C-TPAT, Megaports Initiative, ISPS Code, and ISO 28000. In addition, the USA and world customs organization (WCO) working together to leverage trade network between countries, customs and companies, initiate a new certificate system (AEO) in order to build up a more stringent and secure supply chain environment to ensure both safety and efficiency. This study aims at evaluating the possible effects of introducing AEO system into ocean freight forwarding industry and to sort out the key factors that may drive this industry willing to become an AEO. According to empirical data, the key factors of introducing AEO into freight forwarders can be organized into five parts, namely: business requirements, compliance with regulations, ensuring cargo safety, acquiring government’s subsidy, and facilities investment. This study also discovers the following results: (1) the most important consideration of introducing AEO system is “ensuring cargo safety”, and among the most important practical benefits is "customers to be assured by our service for the delivery of goods"; (2) regarding to working years, junior officers are more agreeable to accept the company incorporating AEO system; (3) regarding to job position, junior officers are better able to detect the difference after introducing AEO system; (4) as for year of company history, longer established companies are more able to feel the impact of AEO system; (5) regarding the company's total number of employees, small and medium enterprises are more able to acknowledge AEO system.
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Yu, Chin-Yuan, and 余錦淵. "Exploring the Willingness and Cost Analysis of Introduction Authorized Economic Operator Certification into Ocean Carriers." Thesis, 2016. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/83d3br.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
104
In the event of the September 11 attacks, the international supply chain emphasized that safety to the whole industry instead of simplified customs declaration. for anti-terrorism, the United States government pushed forward “Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism（C-TPAT）” ,either the World Customs Organization (WCO) set up a Framework of standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade （SAFE Framework） to strike against terrorism. Taiwan government initiated Authorized Economic Operator （AEO） certification institution for strengthening and improving the security of supply chain. Ocean carrier is the major partner of world trade supply chain to which take the security step of the supply chain is the topic of this thesis. The research of the thesis focuses on investigating the willingness of ocean carriers that implement an AEO certification for their business and also conducts a cost-benefit analysis. Results from the empirical study demonstrate as follows: 1. The factors of the influence that carriers introduce an AEO certification are as: Requirement of businesses, Acquisition of privileged benefits, Conformity of governmental regulations, Acquirement of actual benefits, and Enhancement of company’s reputation. 2. With regard to introduce an AEO certification of the ocean carriers, we have found that attributes with higher cost/benefit are as the following: monitoring cargo ware-housing and transporting safety, using ISO standard seals, controlling the safety measures of transportation vehicles, maintaining correct and complete cargoes’ data, establishing mechanism of accident reporting and crisis management.
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Wen-TsaiChung and 鍾文采. "A Study of Adopting Authorized Economic Operator for Ocean Freight Forwarders－The Case of A Company." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4uzyq3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立成功大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
103
SUMMARY In recent years, our country strongly promote the security certificate of Authorized Economic Operators(AEO), divides the supply chain members into 9 classes: importer, exporter, manufacturer, forwarder, inland transporter , airline, carrier, customs clearance services , warehousing industry. The forwarderis the most important role inthe supply chain security, the stakeholders in the supply chain would also concern with the matter whether it is willing to lead in and acquirethe AEO certification. This study draw a conclusion: AEO has already become a global tendency, it is not only the forwarders' guarantee of service quality to the customers, foreign agents and other stakeholders; also creates the product/service differentiation. Through AEO, the enterprise also can audit and improve the company's internal management process, agglomerate the solidarity of all employees, create multi-win results.
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Chung, Kuo-Jui, and 鍾國瑞. "A Study on the Key Factors of Incorporating Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) for Enterprises in Central Taiwan." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/m5ws6y.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
碩士國立虎尾科技大學
工業管理系工業工程與管理碩士在職專班
106
The purpose of this study is to explore the key factors of incorporating Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) for enterprises in central Taiwan. This study looks at regulatory, practical, psychological aspects of these enterprises’ needs and expectations, and divides their considerations into six main key factors and 30 minor key factors. Expert survey approach is used to investigate the opinions of manufacturers, imports, exporters, customs, carriers, consoliders, and distributors in the international logistics supply chain. The survey is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, all the factors are evaluated by the experts in order to filter out unimportant factors. Then, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to decide which factors are most important in incorporating Authorized Economic Operator (AEO). The result shows that top three major key factors are: “preferential measures”, “cargo security”, and “competitive advantage”; minor key factors are “convenience of customs clearance”, “promotion of international reciprocity”, “non-intrusive cargo inspection”.
Книги з теми "Authorized Economic Operator program"
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Turmoil in the U.S. credit markets: Examining recent regulatory responses : hearing before the Committee on Banking, Housing, and Urban Affairs, United States Senate, One Hundred Tenth Congress, second session, on the steps the regulators have taken to implement the Hope for Homeowners Act, which passed as part of the Housing and Economic Recovery Act (HERA), and the Troubled Assets Relief Program (TARP), which was authorized and funded by the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act of 2008 (EESA), both with regards to providing capital and liquidity to the financial system and preventing foreclosures through the exercise of the authorities provided, Thursday, October 23, 2008. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 2010.
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Kastrati, Pranvera, Mirela Meko, and Periklis Saragiotis. Walking the Last Mile: Operationalization of Albania’s Authorized Economic Operators Program. International Finance Corporation, Washington, DC, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1596/26290.
Повний текст джерелаЧастини книг з теми "Authorized Economic Operator program"
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Eckmann, Tim, and Racel Maalej. "Authorized Economic Operator – Nachhaltige Sicherung der Wettbewerbsfähigkeit im grenzüberschreitenden Warenverkehr?" In Die moderne Finanzfunktion, 195–223. Wiesbaden: Gabler Verlag, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-8349-9596-4_9.
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Torello, Alessandro. "The Simplification of Customs Formalities: The Role of the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) in Vietnam and in the EU." In Emerging Markets [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93609.
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Varese, Erica, Maria Chiara Cesarani, and Magdalena Wojnarowska. "Application of Internet of Things in the Movement of Goods at Customs Level during Covid-19 Pandemic." In Supply Chain - Recent Advances and New Perspectives in the Industry 4.0 Era [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.102488.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The rapid growth of trade volume makes it necessary on the one hand to increase the safety and security of international trade and, on the other hand, to leave the flow of goods unobstructed. The Covid-19 pandemic severely impacted the world goods and services trade which, after almost 2 years, are still not back to December 2019’s volumes. This chapter investigates some of the different suggestions proposed by international organizations to mitigate the pandemic effect on international trade, with a specific focus on trade facilitation measures such as international certifications (i.e., Authorized Economic Operator), risk management strategies and new technologies which are deeply transforming and helping the movement of goods at customs level. After reviewing published reports, this chapter aims to verify which are the most feasible solution to be implemented by the government at the customs level for improving customs operations enhancing their efficiency and effectiveness.
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Shmelova, Tetiana, and Yuliya Sikirda. "Applications of Decision-Support Systems in Sociotechnical Systems." In Unmanned Aerial Vehicles, 188–213. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8365-3.ch008.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
In this chapter, the authors present conceptual models of decision support systems (DSS) and Expert systems (ES) for Human-Operator (H-O) of Air Navigation System (ANS), such as air traffic controller (ATC) in flight emergencies, Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) operator, Safety Management System (SMS), etc. The authors made an analysis of the International civil aviation organization (ICAO) documents on risk assessment and the impact of the social environment on the aviation system. Automated system of pre-flight information preparation with intelligent module for support the decision making (DM) about aircraft departure are presented and program realization of systems are shown. The authors obtained algorithm of determining the optimal aerodrome for the forced landing of aircraft is provided. Expert systems of aviation enterprise's estimation were developed. Inhomogeneous factors of internal and external management environment of aviation enterprise were generalized using set-theoretical approach. This gave possibilities to define that the level of safety of aviation activity has the greatest influence among factors of internal environment and global economic situation – among factors of external environment. The authors demonstrate some interesting applications of DM in Socio-Technical Systems (STS). The DSS for H-O of ANS in the emergency situational were developed. Examples of DSS: DSS of ATC in the emergency situational; the flight dispatcher's DSS; DSS of UAV's operator, etc. In addition, the chapter presents some cases of DSS developed by the authors and colleagues at National Aviation University, Ukraine.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Authorized Economic Operator program"
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Dong, Jeyoun, Kiduk Kim, and Kiyoung Moon. "AEO(Authorized Economic Operator) Automated Platform for Supply Chain Security." In 2018 International Conference on Information and Communication Technology Convergence (ICTC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictc.2018.8539361.
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Miled, Mohamed Sahbi, and Claude Fiore. "The “Authorized Economic Operator” certification and firm performance." In 2014 International Conference on Advanced Logistics and Transport (ICALT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icadlt.2014.6864112.
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Huang, H. H. "Authorized Economic Operator in Taiwan - an example of international freight forwarders." In 2016 IEEE International Conference on Management of Innovation and Technology (ICMIT). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmit.2016.7605028.
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Bachtiar, Berlian Kusuma, and Inayati. "Analysis of Authorized Economic Operator Policy in the Tanjung Priok Customs and Excise Service Office: Strengths and Weaknesses." In Asia-Pacific Research in Social Sciences and Humanities Universitas Indonesia Conference (APRISH 2019). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.210531.039.
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Mora, Rafael G., Curtis Parker, Patrick H. Vieth, and Burke Delanty. "Probability of Exceedance (POE) Methodology for Developing Integrity Programs Based on Pipeline Operator-Specific Technical and Economic Factors." In 2002 4th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2002-27224.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
With the availability of in-line inspection data, pipeline operators have additional information to develop the technical and economic justification for integrity verification programs (i.e. Fitness-for-Purpose) across an entire pipeline system. The Probability of Exceedance (POE) methodology described herein provides a defensible decision making process for addressing immediate corrosion threats identified through metal loss in-line inspection (ILI) and the use of sub-critical in-line inspection data to develop a long term integrity management program. In addition, this paper describes the process used to develop a Corrosion In-line Inspection POE-based Assessment for one of the systems operated by TransGas Limited (Saskatchewan, Canada). In 2001, TransGas Limited and CC Technologies undertook an integrity verification program of the Loomis to Herbert gas pipeline system to develop an appropriate scope and schedule maintenance activities along this pipeline system. This methodology customizes Probability of Exceedance (POE) results with a deterministic corrosion growth model to determine pipeline specific excavation/repair and re-inspection interval alternatives. Consequently, feature repairs can be scheduled based on severity, operational and financial conditions while maintaining safety as first priority. The merging of deterministic and probabilistic models identified the Loomis to Herbert pipeline system’s worst predicted metal loss depth and the lowest safety factor per each repair/reinspection interval alternative, which when combined with the cost/benefit analysis provided a simplified and safe decision-making process.
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Hernowo, Widi, Rosif Ridho, and Sunarto Sunarto. "My HSSE&AI - A Novel Approach in Combining Safety Leader Program with Machine Learning Capability." In ADIPEC. SPE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/210912-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Improving safety in a marginal offshore gas production platform using latest technology is a very challenging tasks as the cost of technology might not suitable with the field economic aspect. With this obstacle in mind and a request from corporate to participate in digitalization campaign, a novel approach need to be implemented by offshore team to meet the digitalization goals. The approach code name is "My HSSE&AI" in which combining Safety Leader Program, Mobile Operator Rounds solution and Machine learning to help gas production platform in managing HSSE&AI. The safety leader program as part of an antecedent system was created to disseminate, enhance and sustain safety awareness to all workers by allowing them to lead the implementation of safety programs for a one-week period at gas production platform (that already being implemented since 2013 by offshore team). This program then being combined with the usage Mobile Operator Rounds solution where the safety leader will need to conduct HSSE&AI inspections as per the schedule and in which "Mobile Operator Rounds" have the information at safety leader handheld mobile while conducting these inspections. Within the handheld mobile all relevant historical data of working area, equipment and instrumentation already being analyze by a machine learning based on big data being entered and provide analysis option for safety leader to define his decision at site. Through this novel approach, gas production platform was able to meet the company's digitalization while maintaining site safety performance and work management effectively. On the platform at any given time there were 30 personnel working on multiple tasks to produce natural gas and some of them rotate in weekly basis as safety leader. The site team made a diligent effort to follow the mitigations identified in the permit to work and maintenance tasks. With the help of machine learning based on big data analysis added artificial intelligence capability to help the team in managing work safely. This paper discusses the future implementation in combining existing safety program with the use of technology on a gas production platform as part of company digitalization goals and whilst ensuring safety performance in a marginal field. This novel approach is being was proposed for company digitalization committee to be implemented in a marginal field with a tight field economic calculation and at this initial stage being limited to Gas Compressions System as the pilot project.
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DaneshFar, J., D. Nnamdi, R. G. Moghanloo, and K. Ochie. "Economic Evaluation of CO2 Capture, Transportation, and Storage Potentials in Oklahoma." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206106-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract Oklahoma is known for having ample sources of CO2, pipelines and sinks where for many decades, oil and gas operators were injecting CO2 into geological formations for EOR purposes. We utilized SimCCS, an economic-engineering software tool (DOE-NETL), to integrate infrastructure related to CO2 sources, pipeline, and geological formations. The approved tax incentive program by IRS (45Q) has motivated many oil and gas operators to participate in reducing CO2 concentration and minimizing global warming effect by collecting CO2 from various sources, select the best pipeline route and the safest location to inject into geological formation for EOR purpose or deep saline aquifer for sequestration. This paper presents an economic evaluation of CO2 capture, utilization, storage (CCUS) into geological formation in the state of Oklahoma. Under this comprehensive approach, the process of capturing, transporting, and storing CO2 into geological or saline formations has been economically evaluated for different sites and routes utilizing an ad hoc simulation software (SimCCS) for integrated modeling of CCUS. The outcome of this paper determines the most optimal scenario using optimization algorithms embedded in SimCCS. This case study will mitigate the CO2 sequestration approval process when operator apply for tax credit under 45Q program. Our work will assist oil and gas operators by comparing different scenarios based on utilizing existing infrastructure, making decision in building new transportation system or new injection well to benefit the approved tax incentive program at its maximum capacity. Moreover, the outcome of this work will shed lights into future legislation demands (locally and nation-wide) to maintain CCUS momentum after its initial implementation phase is concluded.
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Çevik Çedikçi, Tuğçe, and Gonca Yıldırım. "A Research Study on the Public Relations & Publicity and Advertising Students Accreditation Perception Within the Scope of Quality Management." In COMMUNICATION AND TECHNOLOGY CONGRESS. ISTANBUL AYDIN UNIVERSITY, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17932/ctcspc.21/ctc21.015.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Everything rapidly changes in economic, political, social, and cultural terms during this information and communication era. In this context, higher education institutions need to improve and renew their educationtraining systems and administrative mentalities to meet today’s and future necessities. Therefore, Total Quality Management (TQM), which is meeting the necessities of internal and external stakeholders with the participation of all employees under increasing competitive pressure, has lately started to be included in the administrative mentalities of higher education institutions. In this regard, accreditation processes become part of sustaining the quality by improving and auditing its compliance with various standards and rules. This study examined accreditation perceptions of students of the Advertising program that was in the process of accreditation, and Public Relations and Publicity Program accredited by the ILEDAK, the authorized organization in the accreditation evaluations of the communications faculties in Turkey. This study aimed to compare the accreditation perceptions of students from two different departments, one of which was accredited within the scope of TQM and the other wasn’t. Since accreditation processes in the communication faculties just started a few years ago, no manuscript was written on the perception of accreditation in this field. This study is one of the first studies conducted on Public Relations and Advertising Programs in Turkey, making it authentic and more important compared to other studies. This study was based on the data of a questionnaire performed on 261 students reached through the convenience sampling method. Accreditation perceptions of the students studying in Public Relations and Publicity program that was accredited were higher compared to students of the Advertising program that was not accredited, and surprisingly, Advertising students had higher awareness related to this subject.
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Sebastiampillai, Joshua, Andrew Rolt, Devaiah Nalianda, Francesco Mastropierro, and Vishal Sethi. "Technical and Economic Viability of an EIS 2050 Geared Open Rotor." In ASME Turbo Expo 2019: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2019-90290.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The aviation sector is projected to grow rapidly over the next two decades and beyond. These projections coupled with ever more stringent environmental legislation call for action within the commercial aviation sector to radically reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. It is perceived that by 2050 current state-of the-art direct-drive turbofans will have evolved into geared turbofans and geared open rotor engines for short haul missions. These changes in engine configuration may be attributed to calls from the Advisory Council for Aviation Research and innovation in Europe to dramatically reduce CO2 generation and greenhouse gas emissions by 2050. The geared open rotor architecture is predicted to significantly reduce fuel burn relative to a typical short-range year-2000 aircraft mission, and greatly reduce CO2 emissions per passenger kilometer. Although relative fuel-burn benefits have been estimated in various studies, the economic feasibility of developing the geared open rotor (GOR) engine configuration for potential manufacturers and operators has not been reported. Therefore, this paper describes methodologies employed to estimate the relative fuel burn benefit of a short-range year 2050 GOR engine-aircraft configuration. In addition, it details the financial feasibility of year-2050 short-range engine and aircraft concepts, for manufacturers and operators alike. An overview of the technical specifications of a potential ‘GOR2050’ engine configuration is provided. This paper further describes methods employed to predict the unit cost of a year-2050 engine and aircraft concept that might be offered by the manufacturers, as well as a revenue model for manufacturers in the 2050-timeframe. In order to capture the supplier–customer relationship between the OEMs and their customers, direct operating cost (DOC) and representative revenue models have been constructed for the operators. This paper also analyses the effects that potential future fuel price and taxation policies regarding emissions could have on the operational profitability of such an aircraft and engine combination. Based on a representative set of model inputs, an illustrative test-case for a year-2050 short-haul aircraft and engine combination predicts, with a 50% confidence level, that the minimum number of twin-engine aircraft sales needed to ensure the financial feasibility of the program would be 630 units. Furthermore, with a 50% confidence level, a potential operator could expect an internal rate of return over 7%. The impact of different fuel prices and taxation scenarios are quantified in terms of internal rate of return forecasts.
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Ripley, Neil, Elisa Scordo, and Alex Baumgard. "A GIS-Based System to Assess the Environmental Consequence of a Liquid Pipeline Rupture at Watercourse Crossings." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90473.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
BGC Engineering Inc. (BGC) was retained by a large pipeline operator to develop a GIS-based system to assess and rank the environmental consequence of a pipeline rupture on watercourse crossings within their pipeline system. Several physical, biological and socio-economic factors contribute to the environmental consequence of a pipeline rupture on a watercourse. This study examined select spatial and vulnerability factors, and did not consider biologic or economic impacts. Three factors were selected as part of the initial study to prioritize the pipeline watercourse crossings according to: (1) size of the watercourse at the pipeline crossing, (2) proximity of each individual crossing to larger downstream watercourses, and (3) pipeline liquid flow rate volume. A spatial analysis was conducted to determine the first two factors, while input for the third factor was provided by the pipeline operator. Watercourse size was determined using Strahler’s stream order classification (Strahler 1952), while proximity to larger downstream watercourses was assessed using a Geographic Information System (GIS). This paper presents an overview of the data sources and methods used to develop an initial screening tool for identifying high consequence crossings within a pipeline system, and highlights the challenges encountered with acquiring and processing data to include in a consequence rating system. As with other pipeline risk assessments, the main challenges of this work include data availability, data integrity and resource limitations. This system is intended to fit within the pipeline operator’s current geohazard integrity management program and direct resources for a multi-year baseline field inspection program.