Дисертації з теми "Authorized Economic Operator program"

O presente trabalho propõe um processo para auxiliar a tarefa de implantação de controles de Cadeia Logística Segura para a importação e exportação de cargas conteinerizadas, transportadas pelo modal rodoviário. Está em consonância com a legislação brasileira atual, no que se refere à Receita Federal do Brasil e demais Órgãos Anuentes. Além disso, inclui, também, as novas diretrizes do Programa Brasileiro de Operador Econômico Autorizado que teve seu início na primeira quinzena de Dezembro de 2014, bem como os aspectos principais do quadro SAFE, da Organização Mundial das Aduanas (OMA) e do programa americano Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT). O processo proposto no trabalho contempla a instrumentação dos controles e seus principais pontos de integração de dados, estágio em que grande parte dos operadores econômicos atuais se encontra. A proposta justifica-se pela complexidade dos processos de cadeias logísticas, sua importância para o comércio exterior e, portanto, para a economia do país, que exigem um aperfeiçoamento constante para atender à competitividade crescente dos mercados, controlar e gerenciar riscos e incertezas dos tempos da globalização. A metodologia do trabalho de pesquisa constou de estudos sobre o significado de cadeia logística segura, legislações e normatizações existentes, principais tecnologias utilizadas no Brasil e no mundo e suas estratégias de integração de sistemas, com enfoque em alguns projetos de gestão já existentes no país. O porto de Santos foi tomado como campo principal de pesquisa. O trabalho evidenciou a importância da presença de três características fundamentais em um processo de cadeia logística segura: ser instrumentado, integrado e inteligente. Considera-se que, a partir do processo proposto, será possível aumentar o grau de inteligência de uma cadeia logística, de forma a gerenciar e mitigar os potenciais riscos de forma mais racional.
This assay proposes a process to assist the task of implantation of controls of Secure Supply Chain to importation and exportation of containerized cargo, transported by road. It is pursuant to the current Brazilian laws, as it concerns Receita Federal do Brasil and other consenting authorities. In addition, it also includes the new guidelines of the Brazilian Authorized Economic Operator Program, which began on the first fortnight of December 2014, as well as the main aspects of the SAFE Framework, from the World Customs Organization (WCO) and the C-TPAT program (Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism). The proposal is justified by the complexity of the supply chain processes, their importance to the foreign trade and therefore, to the countrys economy, which require constant improvement in order to meet the growing competitiveness within markets and to control and manage risks and uncertainties of globalization times. The methodology of this assay consists of studies on the meaning of secure supply chain, existing laws and standards, main technologies used in Brazil and throughout the world and their strategies of system integration, focusing on some management projects already existing in the country. The Port of Santos was taken as main research field. This assay provides evidence of the importance of three fundamental characteristics in a secure supply chain process: to be instrumented, integrated and intelligent. The proposed methodology contemplates instrumentation of the processes and their key points of integration, a stage in which great part of the existing economic operators can be found currently. From this point on, it will be possible to increase its degree of intelligence in such a way as to manage and mitigate risks more rationally.

NORMA Sweden AB is part of NORMA Group, a global market and technology leader in engineered joining technology. The Swedish business unit, NORMA Sweden, trades with various internal and external customers in different customs territories. In order to facilitate this, the management is considering to attain the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) certification that allows for customs facilitations. The AEO program consists of the AEO-C and AEO-S certification. Those two certifications can be achieved independently, they have different barriers and create different benefits. The extent to that these general benefits and barriers create benefits and barriers in a specific company varies a lot depending on the individual supply chain settings of the organisation. The purpose of this thesis is to assess the advantage of the AEO-C and the AEO-S certification to NORMA Sweden. In order to achieve a comprehensive result, the benefits and barriers of the AEO certifications to NORMA Sweden are analysed in the context of the company’s strategy and the drivers for the AEO application. A Framework is developed to conduct the examination. It allows to appraise the benefits and barriers of the certification that are combined into different impact areas. This is accomplished by a quantitative analysis that is based on a simplified scale of 0-3. The results are verified by a subsequent qualitative analysis. The Analysis has been conducted under consideration of literature, customs guidelines and empirical information that has been gathered by expert interviews as well as by observations. The results of the quantitative analysis indicate that both certifications are currently not beneficial to NORMA Sweden. Further, it is obvious that the gap between barriers and benefits is smaller for the AEO-C certification as it is for the AEO-S certification. The qualitative analysis reveals that NORMA Sweden should aim for an AEO certification anyway due to the strategy of the parent company and expected future developments. Following the findings of the quantitative and qualitative analysis the company is advised to aim for the AEO-C certification first.

O presente trabalho de pesquisa apresenta uma metodologia para gestão dos riscos em empresas que atuam cadeia de suprimentos internacional. Apresenta-se um roteiro de analise qualitativa de conformidade e de avaliação qualitativa dos riscos, atendendo aos requisitos da habilitação para a certificação de Operadores Econômicos Autorizados (OEA). A metodologia de gestão de riscos foi modelada a partir de aspectos pertinentes, com os indicadores que são relevantes para os operadores no comércio exterior brasileiro, cujos riscos vão além das operações nas aduanas. O gerenciamento da cadeia de suprimentos e o conceito que encerram os seus riscos foram pesquisados na literatura, em busca modelos de gerenciamento adequados às atividades do OEA. O modelo proposto consiste em uma metodologia de analise quantitativa para a gestão dinâmica dos riscos avançando além dos consagrado método qualitativo de gestão de conformidades. É um instrumento que se presta a atender aos mais variados setores das organizações, que estão comprometidas com a gestão dos seus riscos corporativos.
This research presents a methodology for risk management in companies that operate the international supply chain. A roadmap for qualitative analysis of compliance and qualitative risk assessment is presented, taking into account the requirements of the authorization for the certification of Authorized Economic Operators (AEO). The risk management methodology was modeled on pertinent aspects, with the indicators that are relevant for the operators in the Brazilian foreign trade, whose risks go beyond customs operations. Supply chain management and the concept that curtailed its risks were researched in the literature, in search of management models appropriate to AEO activities. The proposed model consists of a methodology of quantitative analysis for the dynamic management of risks, advancing beyond the established qualitative method of compliance management. It is an instrument that serves the most varied sectors of organizations, which are committed to managing their corporate risks.

La presente investigación tiene como objetivo describir el problema que presentan algunas agencias de aduanas para que se certifiquen como Operadores Económicos Autorizados (OEA) Lima y Callao en el periodo de años 2012-2019. La metodología de investigación que se ha utilizado para la presente tesis es la metodología enfoque cualitativo con carácter explicativo, tiene como objetivo comprender el complejo mundo del comercio exterior y la experiencia que viven los agentes de aduanas. El Análisis de resultados es la falta de conocimiento de los beneficios de la certificación OEA, la capacidad estructural y económica para enfrentar las diferentes auditorias y fiscalizaciones de la Sunat, las agencias de aduanas no logran crear procesos adecuados para mejorar su operatividad aduanera. Se recomienda las agencias de aduanas realicen las modificaciones e inversiones en las infraestructuras de sus empresas para garantizar la seguridad de las cargas de sus clientes, así como también por su capital humano. Además, deben estar alineados a los diferentes reglamentos y las exigencias de las leyes laborales peruanas para generar confianza y buena imagen a sus respectivos clientes para que rentabilice la relación comercial entre agencia de aduana y cliente. Por ello, la investigación se ha estructurado en cinco partes para una mejor comprensión del lector. La primera parte es el “Marco teórico”, que presenta los antecedentes a nivel nacional e internacional, las bases teóricas del comercio internacional, de aduanas, de agente de aduanas y los operadores económicos autorizados, así como los beneficios, los requisitos y el impacto de la certificación como operador económico autorizado en el Perú y el mundo. La segunda parte es el “Plan de Investigación”, donde se plantea la problemática, la hipótesis y los objetivos generales y específicos que se pretenden lograr en la presente tesis. En la tercera parte, “Metodología del trabajo” se expone el tipo de investigación utilizada en el presente estudio y para lo cual se han realizado entrevistas exhaustivas a representantes de las agencias de aduanas que no se encuentran certificadas como agente de OEA - Operador Económico Autorizado en Lima y Callao. En la cuarta parte, “Desarrollo de la tesis”, se realiza el análisis de los datos recolectados en las entrevistas, a fin de obtener los resultados y las respuestas más relevantes a las preguntas planteadas, que permitirán cumplir con el objetivo principal de esta investigación y aportar a la teoría existente. En la quinta y última parte, se presenta la “Discusión y Análisis de resultados”, se plasman las conclusiones obtenidas.
The purpose of this investigation is to describe the problem some identify the reasons why Customs agents have in order not to get certified as Authorized Economic Operator Certification (AEO) in Lima and Callao from 2012 until 2019. The methodology used in this investigation has qualitative approach with descriptive and explanatory character and has as an objective to comprehend the complex world of the foreign trade and the experience that custom agents have. The Analysis of results is the lack of knowledge of the benefits of the AEO certification, the structural and economic capacity to face the different audits and inspections of the SUNAT, the customs agencies fail to create adequate processes to improve their customs operations. Customs agencies are recommended to make modifications and investments in their companies 'infrastructures to guarantee the safety of their clients' cargoes, as well as for their human capital. In addition, they must be aligned to the different regulations and the requirements of Peruvian labor laws to generate confidence and good image to their respective clients so that they make profitable the commercial relationship between customs agency and client. Therefore, the research has been structured in five parts for a better understanding of the reader. The first part is the “Theoretical Framework”, which presents the national and international background, the theoretical bases of international trade, customs, customs brokers and authorized economic operators, as well as the benefits, requirements and impact of certification as an authorized economic operator in Peru and the world. The second part is the "Research Plan", where the problem, the hypothesis and the general and specific objectives that are intended to be achieved in this thesis are presented. In the third part, "Work Methodology" the type of research used in this study is exposed and for which exhaustive interviews have been conducted with representatives of customs agencies that are not certified as an AEO agent - Authorized Economic Operator in Lima and Callao. In the fourth part, "Development of the thesis", the analysis of the data collected in the interviews is carried out, in order to obtain the most relevant results and answers to the questions asked, which will enable the main objective of this research to be fulfilled. and contribute to the existing theory. In the fifth and last part, the "Discussion and Analysis of results" is presented, the conclusions obtained are reflected.
Tesis

Security in supply chain requires participation from all supply chain members (Jüttner et al., 2003, Martens et al., 2011, Thun and Hoenig, 2011). The focal firms have vested interests in security along their supply chains and must, therefore, extend their security interests to their chain partners. As firms engaged in importing and exporting commonly outsource their logistics functions to external logistics service providers, supply chains are increasingly complex and the risks to the supply chain security (SCS) are amplified. Thus, SCS extension, or compliance of relevant security standards at every function of the supply chain from the focal firms to their chain partners, is paramount. The relationship between the focal firms and chain partners involve mechanisms of supply chain integration (SCI) characterized by ownership, contracts, operational interdependence and information sharing (Robinson, 2009). Achieving SCI in export supply chains requires the careful coordination of activities and collaboration among the partners. Many firms are, however, failing in their attempts at SCI (Jayaram and Tan, 2010, Robinson, 2015) and thus risks are posed to SCS. Therefore, this research examines the relationship between SCI and SCS, and how integration mechanisms facilitate security extension from the focal firms to their chain partners. This research was focused on the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) program, which is promoted by the World Customs Organization (WCO) with the overarching principle of integration to ensure security in an end-to-end supply chain (WCO, 2012). The implementation of the AEO program in Indonesian export supply chain provided the research context on the export leg from the manufacturers to the ports of export. Using a multiple case study approach of four newly awarded AEO exporters and their chain partners operating in an Indonesian port environment, the relationship between SCI and SCS was examined. Agency theory underpinned this research to examine efforts of security extension from the AEOs to their chain partners. Data were collected via semi-structured interviews and in situ observations at the Indonesian ports. The data were thematically analyzed to map supply chain structures, and identify integration mechanism practices, security risks, and measures related to security extension. Subsequently, a cross-case analysis was conducted to produce topography of integration mechanisms and security extensions across the case studies. The results demonstrate that contractual agreements facilitate direct relationships between the AEOs and the chain actors, including extended tier partners. Such agreements allow for a wider span of control and opportunities to implement security standards in the whole chain. The benefits of having wider security extension throughout the chain outweigh the agency costs of control and coordination in the principal-agent relationships between the AEOs and their chain partners. This research makes significant theoretical and practical contributions. The theoretical model developed to analyze the SCI-SCS relationship reveals that SCI is critical to achieving the required security levels within every segment of the supply chain. Improving the understanding of this relationship at the intersection of SCI-SCS has made a significant contribution to the integration literature, specifically in the context of export supply chains in the Indonesian port environment. The use of agency theory in resolving the conflicts and uncertain outcomes in principal-agent relationships also offers a new perspective on the complexity of multiple-tier relationships. Practically, the research findings will help AEOs, logistics service providers and customs administrations realize the significance of integration mechanisms for extending security standards effectively in export supply chains.

碩士
世新大學
資訊管理學研究所(含碩專班)
101
This thesis intends to comprehend the development of international cargo security programs and the conditions of the global supply chain security programs in advanced and realize our national main guidelines of Authorized Economic Operator (AEO), risk assessment process, and measure for prevention and control. To use the method of survey conducts the research, including the rating of those AEO certified companies, analytic hierarchy process, and questionnaire, also the parts of its benefits and continuing promoting by the Custom. To integrate the data collecting from questionnaire analyzes those enterprises’ internal strategic decision and estimates cases to obtain results. It provides some suggestions can be the guidance for government formulating policies or companies interested in applying for AEO. The result shows the viewpoints of experts for six dimensions by using Expert Choice to calculate the geometric mean of relative importance pairwise comparisons and matrices as follows: 1. Basic demands of Supply Chain Security management; 2. Policy of supply chain security management; 3. Risk assessment and plan of S supply chain security management; 4. Practice and operation of supply chain security management; 5. Verification and correction of supply chain security management; 6. Examination and improvement of supply chain security management. It is expected this thesis becomes a reference for companies interested in applying for AEO to enhance Taiwan a better competitive country in the global market and enable not only businesses to obtain the best interior preferential treatment but also to enhance the security of consignments and have fast-tracked through customs controls internationally. It is to look forward to offering import/ export companies better competitive advantages by being recognized with more countries.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
101
In today’s well-developed trade activities, relationship between companies becomes more and more interdependently and closely. The supply chain systems are always composed of numerous members and complex connections across borders. After the threat of terrorist attacks in the USA on September 11, 2001, the supply chain security becomes an important issue over the world. Because of that, the USA advocacy of developing a lot of international cargo supply chain security relevant norms, such as CSI, C-TPAT, Megaports Initiative, ISPS Code, and ISO 28000. In addition, the USA and world customs organization (WCO) working together to leverage trade network between countries, customs and companies, initiate a new certificate system (AEO) in order to build up a more stringent and secure supply chain environment to ensure both safety and efficiency. This study aims at evaluating the possible effects of introducing AEO system into ocean freight forwarding industry and to sort out the key factors that may drive this industry willing to become an AEO. According to empirical data, the key factors of introducing AEO into freight forwarders can be organized into five parts, namely: business requirements, compliance with regulations, ensuring cargo safety, acquiring government’s subsidy, and facilities investment. This study also discovers the following results: (1) the most important consideration of introducing AEO system is “ensuring cargo safety”, and among the most important practical benefits is "customers to be assured by our service for the delivery of goods"; (2) regarding to working years, junior officers are more agreeable to accept the company incorporating AEO system; (3) regarding to job position, junior officers are better able to detect the difference after introducing AEO system; (4) as for year of company history, longer established companies are more able to feel the impact of AEO system; (5) regarding the company's total number of employees, small and medium enterprises are more able to acknowledge AEO system.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
航運管理學系
104
In the event of the September 11 attacks, the international supply chain emphasized that safety to the whole industry instead of simplified customs declaration. for anti-terrorism, the United States government pushed forward “Customs-Trade Partnership Against Terrorism（C-TPAT）” ,either the World Customs Organization (WCO) set up a Framework of standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade （SAFE Framework） to strike against terrorism. Taiwan government initiated Authorized Economic Operator （AEO） certification institution for strengthening and improving the security of supply chain. Ocean carrier is the major partner of world trade supply chain to which take the security step of the supply chain is the topic of this thesis. The research of the thesis focuses on investigating the willingness of ocean carriers that implement an AEO certification for their business and also conducts a cost-benefit analysis. Results from the empirical study demonstrate as follows: 1. The factors of the influence that carriers introduce an AEO certification are as: Requirement of businesses, Acquisition of privileged benefits, Conformity of governmental regulations, Acquirement of actual benefits, and Enhancement of company’s reputation. 2. With regard to introduce an AEO certification of the ocean carriers, we have found that attributes with higher cost/benefit are as the following: monitoring cargo ware-housing and transporting safety, using ISO standard seals, controlling the safety measures of transportation vehicles, maintaining correct and complete cargoes’ data, establishing mechanism of accident reporting and crisis management.

碩士
國立成功大學
高階管理碩士在職專班(EMBA)
103
SUMMARY In recent years, our country strongly promote the security certificate of Authorized Economic Operators(AEO), divides the supply chain members into 9 classes: importer, exporter, manufacturer, forwarder, inland transporter , airline, carrier, customs clearance services , warehousing industry. The forwarderis the most important role inthe supply chain security, the stakeholders in the supply chain would also concern with the matter whether it is willing to lead in and acquirethe AEO certification. This study draw a conclusion: AEO has already become a global tendency, it is not only the forwarders' guarantee of service quality to the customers, foreign agents and other stakeholders; also creates the product/service differentiation. Through AEO, the enterprise also can audit and improve the company's internal management process, agglomerate the solidarity of all employees, create multi-win results.

碩士
國立虎尾科技大學
工業管理系工業工程與管理碩士在職專班
106
The purpose of this study is to explore the key factors of incorporating Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) for enterprises in central Taiwan. This study looks at regulatory, practical, psychological aspects of these enterprises’ needs and expectations, and divides their considerations into six main key factors and 30 minor key factors. Expert survey approach is used to investigate the opinions of manufacturers, imports, exporters, customs, carriers, consoliders, and distributors in the international logistics supply chain. The survey is conducted in two stages. In the first stage, all the factors are evaluated by the experts in order to filter out unimportant factors. Then, the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) is used to decide which factors are most important in incorporating Authorized Economic Operator (AEO). The result shows that top three major key factors are: “preferential measures”, “cargo security”, and “competitive advantage”; minor key factors are “convenience of customs clearance”, “promotion of international reciprocity”, “non-intrusive cargo inspection”.

碩士
大葉大學
國際企業管理學系碩士在職專班
100
The security of worldwide supply chain has been a arresting issue since 911 attacks, In year 2005 ,The World Customs Organization (WCO) adopt the "Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade"(WCO SAFE) to be the standard basis for their members to promote the security of supply chain .Implementation of "AEO Action Plan" and mutual recognition would enhance security and facilitation on all points of the supply chain. To maintain the national competitiveness, our country sign a consent form with the adoption in Asia- Pacific Economic Cooperation(APEC) in 2006. the Ministry of Finance formulate the "Regulations Governing the Certification and Management of the Authorized Economic Operators" and "Authorized Economic Operator Security Vetting Items and Validation Criteria", to authorize the R.O.C Customs to establish a benchmarking instrument .hopefully, the relevant policies would improve the competitive advantage of our country around the world. This study applys the concept of Quality Function Deployment (QFD) methodology . Transforming the information security requirements of our country’s AEO benchmarks which developing in accordance with the WCO SAFE into the regulatory requirements elements (needs of customer). Then compile feedbacks of the expert interviews to interpret the meaning of AEO benchmarks and summarize the corresponding management items of activities (design of engineering management). Besides, this study also use the House Of Quality(HOQ) model to analyze the relationship between the elements of regulatory requirements and management items of activities (matrix of relationship) .The model guides the point (basic design requirements) as a reference for subsequent promotion of QFD. Furthermore, completing the design of the AEO-certified information security and transforming into the enterprise’s real act to establish or improve the capabilities of the information security.

碩士
中華科技大學
航空運輸研究所在職專班
100
The world economies all focus on attracting the foreign investment with renovation of local laws and regulation and improvement of business environment. Based upon the necessities to enhance international connections for international trade, a fast custom’s clearance for cargo, and the securities for trading, government has initialized the integration of information and communication technologies (ICT) network system to provide efficient, secured and intelligent environment. i.e. Customs Maritime Trade Single Window (CMTSW), Advance Cargo Information System (ACIS), Authorized Economic Operators (AEO) Application & Certification, Framework of Standards to Secure and Facilitate Global Trade (WCO SAFE) and associated supporting programs to this i-Taiwan 12 projects. With these programs, it can facilitate and improve the efficiency and compatibility of international business. In order to accomplish the governance, compliance, and harmonization of all information system, this study set World Custom Organization (WCO) Data Model version 3 as the bases for data harmonization. The government and all resources of publics including the information systems of customs, maritime and trade can be integrated together, improve the data exchange efficiency among divisions, import and export traders, G2G altogether. And eliminate the extra time and cost of unnecessary data transmission, and eradicate the obstacles to facilitate international trade, custom services, and e-business. The businesses utilize the concept of electronic warehouse data management system with high intelligence and efficiency, to integrate all information and communication technologies among government agencies, export and import merchandise and statistic data of international trade. Furthermore, they organize the network to establish a central import and export data bank at government level, which can offer government and industries to have up-to-date information handy as references for governance, business strategy and global business planning, and provide business entities will remain its roots here and keep global business center in Taiwan. The main purpose of this study is to offer an overview of governance, compliance, risk evaluation and data analysis. We pick one of the best practices of Taiwan logistics service provider name company A to review its achievement on compliance the government requirement on CMTSW and AEO project experience. Through this case study, we successfully demonstrate that information and communication technologies (ICT) as the key successful indicator to enhance the business more effective, efficient and value creation. The research results can be shared with industries, government agencies and educational institutions as information for business planning, policy making, and data management input.

碩士
國立臺灣海洋大學
商船學系
103
Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) is an important security mechanism for supply chain around the globe. Taiwan got approval of AEO-related examining project and verifying standard in 2009, our government has actively promoted the AEO and called on every part of the logistic supply chain to introduce the AEO, so as to increase the overall supply chain security. This research takes a medium-scale ocean freight forwarder company C as an example by using document induction and questionnaire as major researching tools to understand C Company to study its procedure of introducing the AEO. Then, we use the method of descriptive statistics to further analyze crucial factors in order to provide knowledge for companies which want to introduce the AEO. Our study shows C Company successfully introduced AEO main key factors - “well interaction with customs”, “supporting from the high-level managers” and “rigorous internal inspection”, etc., among these three reasons, rigorous internal inspection is the most important factor. After company C successfully introduced the AEO, this change helped the company to build a comprehensive standardization in working level and provided faster clearance advantage. In recent years, our government has vigorously promoted the signing process of AEO recognizing mechanism with other countries, so as to gain the overall supply chain security and increase our international trading competitively. Expect our government to continue promoting the advantage of AEO certification and providing related supports to encourage domestic contractors introducing the AEO to push forward the overall supply chain security.

碩士
國立中央大學
資訊管理學系碩士在職專班
97
After the 911 incident in 2001, security in international logistics has become an ever important issue throughout the world. The U.S. government and the WCO (World Customs Organization) have been implementing supply chain security measures, like C-TPAT and WCO SAFE, while maintaining convenience in international trade. Although Taiwan is not a member of WCO, the government has implemented various policies to adhere to the WCO SAFE framework, to maintain its position in international trade. Among them, promoting the Authorized Economic Operator (AEO) Status to Taiwanese enterprises that relates to the global supply chain has been identified as one of the most important action. Airline companies play an important role in the global supply chain. This study examines the feasibility for airline company A to be certified as an AEO, from various perspectives, including market, technology, regulation and economic dimensions. The conclusion is that company A should not seek an AEO certification at this moment, although it is technically capable of doing so. However, it should carefully monitor changes in regulations and market situations, and apply for certification under environmental pressure.

In the diploma work is described single suit of the AEO certification, benefits of this certification and cliffs, which request harmony with European unionś legislative and with particular member statetes of the European union. Further the AEO certificate of the concrete business subjects is able to bring improvement of the reputation and surely helps to reservation so often allude safeness of the trading. Further to the improvement of the reputation is necessary add adequate presentation this kind of the certificate in the face of the public.