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Статті в журналах з теми "Bacterial nanocellulose"

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Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 13 вересня 2021

Оновлено: 25 квітня 2022

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1

Anisa, Anisa, Metik Ambarwati, Anggi Ayunda Triani, and Indra Lasmana Tarigan. "Review: Modification of Nanocellulose as Conjugate of Infection-Causing Antibacterial Hydrogel." Fullerene Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 1 (April 30, 2021): 58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37033/fjc.v6i1.241.

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Infection is the process of entering and reproducing microorganisms such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites that cause tissue injury. Some of the common types of bacteria that play a role in wound infection are Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus epidermis. The antibacterial able to inhibit bacterial growth by inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis, increasing the permeability of the bacterial cytoplasmic membrane, and interfering with the normal bacterial protein synthesis. The aim of this review article is to conduct a study of nanocellulose as an antibacterial hydrogel conjugate. The method used is to summarize information from various recent journals related to nanocellulose, nanocellulose modification, nanocellulose-based hydrogels, and their application as antibacterial. Some journals from primary sources such as the PMC system (PubMed Central), National Library of Medicine (NIH), Science Direct, Elsevier, Nature, ACS Chemical Society, and several other sources. Nanocellulose consists of β-1, 4-glucose, and there are three hydroxyls active at the C2, C3, and C6 positions of the pyranose attachment. Nanocellulose can respond by the reaction of oxidation, esterification, or etherification, by adding a new functional group. Nanocellulose can become nanocellulose nanocrystals (CNC), cellulose nanofibers (NFC), and nanocellulose bacteria (BNC). Nanocellulose formulated in the form of hydrogels and combined with antibiotics will increase the effectiveness in reducing the risk of infection that is resistant to antibiotics.

2

Budaeva, Vera V., Yulia A. Gismatulina, Galina F. Mironova, Ekaterina A. Skiba, Evgenia K. Gladysheva, Ekaterina I. Kashcheyeva, Olga V. Baibakova, et al. "Bacterial Nanocellulose Nitrates." Nanomaterials 9, no. 12 (November 27, 2019): 1694. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9121694.

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Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) whose biosynthesis fully conforms to green chemistry principles arouses much interest of specialists in technical chemistry and materials science because of its specific properties, such as nanostructure, purity, thermal stability, reactivity, high crystallinity, etc. The functionalization of the BNC surface remains a priority research area of polymers. The present study was aimed at scaled production of an enlarged BNC sample and at synthesizing cellulose nitrate (CN) therefrom. Cyclic biosynthesis of BNC was run in a semisynthetic glucose medium of 10−72 L in volume by using the Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 symbiont. The most representative BNC sample weighing 6800 g and having an α-cellulose content of 99% and a polymerization degree of 4000 was nitrated. The nitration of freeze-dried BNC was performed with sulfuric-nitric mixed acid. BNC was examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and infrared spectroscopy (IR), and CN was explored to a fuller extent by SEM, IR, thermogravimetric analysis/differential scanning analysis (TGA/DTA) and 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The three-cycle biosynthesis of BNC with an increasing volume of the nutrient medium from 10 to 72 L was successfully scaled up in nonsterile conditions to afford 9432 g of BNC gel-films. CNs with a nitrogen content of 10.96% and a viscosity of 916 cP were synthesized. It was found by the SEM technique that the CN preserved the 3D reticulate structure of initial BNC fibers a marginal thickening of the nanofibers themselves. Different analytical techniques reliably proved the resultant nitration product to be CN. When dissolved in acetone, the CN was found to form a clear high-viscosity organogel whose further studies will broaden application fields of the modified BNC.

3

Wang, Xiaoju, Qingbo Wang, and Chunlin Xu. "Nanocellulose-Based Inks for 3D Bioprinting: Key Aspects in Research Development and Challenging Perspectives in Applications—A Mini Review." Bioengineering 7, no. 2 (April 29, 2020): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bioengineering7020040.

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Nanocelluloses have emerged as a catalogue of renewable nanomaterials for bioink formulation in service of 3D bioprinting, thanks to their structural similarity to extracellular matrices and excellent biocompatibility of supporting crucial cellular activities. From a material scientist’s viewpoint, this mini-review presents the key research aspects of the development of the nanocellulose-based bioinks in 3D (bio)printing. The nanomaterial properties of various types of nanocelluloses, including bacterial nanocellulose, cellulose nanofibers, and cellulose nanocrystals, are reviewed with respect to their origins and preparation methods. Different cross-linking strategies to integrate into multicomponent nanocellulose-based bioinks are discussed in terms of regulating ink fidelity in direct ink writing as well as tuning the mechanical stiffness as a bioactive cue in the printed hydrogel construct. Furthermore, the impact of surface charge and functional groups on nanocellulose surface on the crucial cellular activities (e.g., cell survival, attachment, and proliferation) is discussed with the cell–matrix interactions in focus. Aiming at a sustainable and cost-effective alternative for end-users in biomedical and pharmaceutical fields, challenging aspects such as biodegradability and potential nanotoxicity of nanocelluloses call for more fundamental comprehension of the cell–matrix interactions and further validation in in vivo models.

4

Rees, Adam, Lydia C. Powell, Gary Chinga-Carrasco, David T. Gethin, Kristin Syverud, Katja E. Hill, and David W. Thomas. "3D Bioprinting of Carboxymethylated-Periodate Oxidized Nanocellulose Constructs for Wound Dressing Applications." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/925757.

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Nanocellulose has a variety of advantages, which make the material most suitable for use in biomedical devices such as wound dressings. The material is strong, allows for production of transparent films, provides a moist wound healing environment, and can form elastic gels with bioresponsive characteristics. In this study, we explore the application of nanocellulose as a bioink for modifying film surfaces by a bioprinting process. Two different nanocelluloses were used, prepared with TEMPO mediated oxidation and a combination of carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation. The combination of carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation produced a homogeneous material with short nanofibrils, having widths <20 nm and lengths <200 nm. The small dimensions of the nanofibrils reduced the viscosity of the nanocellulose, thus yielding a material with good rheological properties for use as a bioink. The nanocellulose bioink was thus used for printing 3D porous structures, which is exemplified in this study. We also demonstrated that both nanocelluloses did not support bacterial growth, which is an interesting property of these novel materials.

5

Athukoralalage, Sandya S., Rajkamal Balu, Naba K. Dutta, and Namita Roy Choudhury. "3D Bioprinted Nanocellulose-Based Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications: A Brief Review." Polymers 11, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 898. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym11050898.

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Nanocellulosic materials, such as cellulose nanocrystals, cellulose nanofibers, and bacterial nanocellulose, that display high surface area, mechanical strength, biodegradability, and tunable surface chemistry have attracted great attention over the last decade for biomedical applications. Simultaneously, 3D printing is revolutionizing the field of biomedical engineering, which enables the fast and on-demand printing of customizable scaffolds, tissues, and organs. Nanocellulosic materials hold tremendous potential for 3D bioprinting due to their printability, their shear thinning behavior, their ability to live cell support and owing to their excellent biocompatibility. The amalgamation of nanocellulose-based feedstocks and 3D bioprinting is therefore of critical interest for the development of advanced functional 3D hydrogels. In this context, this review briefly discusses the most recent key developments and challenges in 3D bioprinting nanocellulose-based hydrogel constructs that have been successfully tested for mammalian cell viability and used in tissue engineering applications.

6

Portela da Gama, Francisco Miguel, and Fernando Dourado. "Bacterial NanoCellulose: what future?" BioImpacts 8, no. 1 (December 15, 2017): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15171/bi.2018.01.

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7

Skočaj, Matej. "Bacterial nanocellulose in papermaking." Cellulose 26, no. 11 (June 14, 2019): 6477–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10570-019-02566-y.

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8

Lunardi, Valentino Bervia, Felycia Edi Soetaredjo, Jindrayani Nyoo Putro, Shella Permatasari Santoso, Maria Yuliana, Jaka Sunarso, Yi-Hsu Ju, and Suryadi Ismadji. "Nanocelluloses: Sources, Pretreatment, Isolations, Modification, and Its Application as the Drug Carriers." Polymers 13, no. 13 (June 23, 2021): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13132052.

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The ‘Back-to-nature’ concept has currently been adopted intensively in various industries, especially the pharmaceutical industry. In the past few decades, the overuse of synthetic chemicals has caused severe damage to the environment and ecosystem. One class of natural materials developed to substitute artificial chemicals in the pharmaceutical industries is the natural polymers, including cellulose and its derivatives. The development of nanocelluloses as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems has reached an advanced stage. Cellulose nanofiber (CNF), nanocrystal cellulose (NCC), and bacterial nanocellulose (BC) are the most common nanocellulose used as nanocarriers in drug delivery systems. Modification and functionalization using various processes and chemicals have been carried out to increase the adsorption and drug delivery performance of nanocellulose. Nanocellulose may be attached to the drug by physical interaction or chemical functionalization for covalent drug binding. Current development of nanocarrier formulations such as surfactant nanocellulose, ultra-lightweight porous materials, hydrogel, polyelectrolytes, and inorganic hybridizations has advanced to enable the construction of stimuli-responsive and specific recognition characteristics. Thus, an opportunity has emerged to develop a new generation of nanocellulose-based carriers that can modulate the drug conveyance for diverse drug characteristics. This review provides insights into selecting appropriate nanocellulose-based hybrid materials and the available modification routes to achieve satisfactory carrier performance and briefly discusses the essential criteria to achieve high-quality nanocellulose.

9

Asthary, Prima Besty, Saepulloh Saepulloh, Ayu Sanningtyas, Gian Aditya Pertiwi, Chandra Apriana Purwita, and Krisna Septiningrum. "Optimasi Produksi Bacterial Nanocellulose dengan Metode Kultur Agitasi." JURNAL SELULOSA 10, no. 02 (March 10, 2021): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.25269/jsel.v10i02.295.

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Hampir sebanyak 90% industri farmasi di Indonesia masih menggunakan bahan baku impor. Indonesia memiliki salah satu bahan baku yang cukup melimpah yaitu selulosa. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) adalah hasil sintesis dari bakteri aerobic seperti bakteri asam asetat Gluconacetobacter spp. yang berbentuk selulosa murni dengan diameter berukuran nano. Bahan baku BNC yang digunakan dalam industri farmasi adalah BNC dalam bentuk slurry atau high viscose nanocellulose. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memilih bakteri dan kondisi optimum dalam memproduksi BNC. Bakteri yang digunakan adalah Gluconacetobacter xylinus dan Gluconacetobacter intermedius yang berasal dari InaCC-LIPI dan Gluconacetobacter sp. dari industri nata de coco. Inokulum dari ketiga jenis kultur bakteri tersebut dikultivasi selama 7 hari dalam medium Hestrin&Schramm (HS) cair menggunakan kultur statis dan agitasi dengan kecepatan pengadukan 150 rpm pada pH 5 dan suhu 25 ºC. Isolat bakteri Gluconacetobacter sp. dipilih sebagai bakteri penghasil BNC karena memiliki nilai yield paling tinggi. Kemudian isolat tersebut ditumbuhkan pada variasi kecepatan agitasi (100, 150, dan 200 rpm), variasi pH (4,0; 4,5; 5,0; dan 6,0), dan variasi suhu (25-30 ºC). Penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Gluconacetobacter sp. memiliki kondisi optimum pada kecepatan agitasi 150 rpm, pH 5,5, dan suhu 27 ºC. Optimization of Bacterial Nanocellulose Production in Agitation Culture MethodsAbstractAlmost 90% of pharmaceutical industry in Indonesia still uses imported raw material. However, Indonesia has one of the abundant raw materials which is cellulose. Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a pure form of nanocellulose biopolymer material synthesized by microbes such as acetic acid bacteria of Gluconacetobacter spp. as pure cellulose and having diameter in nano scale. BNC used in pharmaceutical industry is in the slurry form/high viscose nanocellulose. The purpose of this study is to determine the bacteria and the optimum conditions to produce BNC. The bacteria used were Gluconacetobacter xylinus and Gluconacetobacter intermedius from InaCC-LIPI and Gluconacetobacter sp. from nata industry. The inoculums were cultivated for 7 days in liquid Hestrin & Schramm (HS) medium using static and agitation culture with a stirring speed of 150 rpm at pH 5 and temperature 25 ºC. The production of BNC has been conducted by using Gluconacetobacter sp., because it has the highest yield. Then it was inoculated at different variation of agitation speed (100, 150, and 200 rpm), pH (4.0; 4.5; 5.0; and 6.0), and temperature (25-30 ºC). This research shows that Gluconacetobacter sp. has optimum conditions at the agitation speed of 150 rpm, pH 5.5, and temperature 27 ºC.Keywords: Bacterial nanocellulose, Gluconacetobacter, agitation

10

Cielecka, Izabela, Małgorzata Ryngajłło, Waldemar Maniukiewicz, and Stanisław Bielecki. "Highly Stretchable Bacterial Cellulose Produced by Komagataeibacter hansenii SI1." Polymers 13, no. 24 (December 19, 2021): 4455. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13244455.

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A new strain of bacteria producing cellulose was isolated from Kombucha and identified as Komagataeibacter hansenii, named SI1. In static conditions, the strain synthesises bacterial nanocellulose with an improved ability to stretch. In this study, utilisation of various carbon and nitrogen sources and the impact of initial pH was assessed in terms of bacterial nanocellulose yield and properties. K. hansenii SI1 produces cellulose efficiently in glycerol medium at pH 5.0–6.0 with a yield of 3.20–3.60 g/L. Glucose medium led to the synthesis of membrane characterised by a strain of 77%, which is a higher value than in the case of another Komagataeibacter species. Supplementation of medium with vitamin C results in an enhanced porosity and improves the ability of bacterial nanocellulose to stretch (up to 123%). The properties of modified membranes were studied by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction and mechanical tests. The results show that bacterial nanocellulose produced in SH medium and vitamin C-supplemented medium has unique properties (porosity, tensile strength and strain) without changing the chemical composition of cellulose. The method of production BNC with altered properties was the issue of Polish patent application no. P.431265.

11

Zikmundova, Marketa, Maria Vereshaka, Katerina Kolarova, Julia Pajorova, Vaclav Svorcik, and Lucie Bacakova. "Effects of Bacterial Nanocellulose Loaded with Curcumin and Its Degradation Products on Human Dermal Fibroblasts." Materials 13, no. 21 (October 25, 2020): 4759. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13214759.

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Bacterial nanocellulose has found applications in tissue engineering, in skin tissue repair, and in wound healing. Its large surface area enables the adsorption of various substances. Bacterial nanocellulose with adsorbed substances can serve as a substrate for drug-delivery of specific bioactive healing agents into wounds. In this study, we loaded a bacterial nanocellulose hydrogel with curcumin, i.e., an important anti-bacterial and healing agent, and its degradation products. These products were prepared by thermal decomposition of curcumin (DC) at a temperature of 180 °C (DC 180) or of 300 °C (DC 300). The main thermal decomposition products were tumerone, vanillin, and feruloylmethane. Curcumin and its degradation products were loaded into the bacterial nanocellulose by an autoclaving process. The increased temperature during autoclaving enhanced the solubility and the penetration of the agents into the nanocellulose. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxicity and the antimicrobial activity of pure curcumin, its degradation products, and finally of bacterial nanocellulose loaded with these agents. In vitro tests performed on human dermal fibroblasts revealed that the degradation products of curcumin, i.e., DC 180 and DC 300, were more cytotoxic than pure curcumin. However, if DC 300 was loaded into nanocellulose, the cytotoxic effect was not as strong as in the case of DC 300 powder added into the culture medium. DC 300 was found to be the least soluble product in water, which probably resulted in the poor loading of this agent into the nanocellulose. Nanocellulose loaded with pure curcumin or DC 180 exhibited more antibacterial activity than pristine nanocellulose.

12

Gao, Huai-Ling, Ran Zhao, Chen Cui, Yin-Bo Zhu, Si-Ming Chen, Zhao Pan, Yu-Feng Meng, et al. "Bioinspired hierarchical helical nanocomposite macrofibers based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers." National Science Review 7, no. 1 (June 21, 2019): 73–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nsr/nwz077.

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Abstract Bio-sourced nanocellulosic materials are promising candidates for spinning high-performance sustainable macrofibers for advanced applications. Various strategies have been pursued to gain nanocellulose-based macrofibers with improved strength. However, nearly all of them have been achieved at the expense of their elongation and toughness. Inspired by the widely existed hierarchical helical and nanocomposite structural features in biosynthesized fibers exhibiting exceptional combinations of strength and toughness, we report a design strategy to make nanocellulose-based macrofibers with similar characteristics. By combining a facile wet-spinning process with a subsequent multiple wet-twisting procedure, we successfully obtain biomimetic hierarchical helical nanocomposite macrofibers based on bacterial cellulose nanofibers, realizing impressive improvement in their tensile strength, elongation and toughness simultaneously. The achievement certifies the validity of the bioinspired hierarchical helical and nanocomposite structural design proposed here. This bioinspired design strategy provides a potential platform for further optimizing or creating many more strong and tough nanocomposite fiber materials for diverse applications.

13

Boyko, V., V. Chornii, S. Nedilko, V. Scherbatskyi, K. Krolenko, and M. Shegeda. "Preparation and study of the bacterial nanocellulose properties." Energy and automation, no. 3(55) (June 23, 2021): 120–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.31548/energiya2021.03.120.

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Nanocellulose is a biopolymer that due to its attractive physicochemical properties has been intensively studied as a material for use in biomedicine, food industry, electronics etc. Modern chemical methods of nanocellulose production from wood raw materials require the use of acids, alkalis and solvents. This is a disadvantage from both economic and environmental points of view. The biomass that is obtained as a result of microbial processes can be regarded as an alternative source of nanocellulose. This paper deals with the application of the method based on Kombucha membranes for the preparation of bacterial nanocellulose. The structure and optical properties of the obtained films of bacterial nanocellulose have been studied by X-ray diffraction analysis and luminescence spectroscopy. The difference in the sizes of the regions on which X-ray scattering occurs was established from the analysis of diffraction patterns of nanocellulose films obtained by microbial and chemical methods. These regions are much larger in the case of bacterial nanocellulose. The redistribution of the peaks intensity in the diffraction patterns with a change in the manufacturing method reflects, probably, the difference in the ratio between crystalline and amorphous content for cellulose samples of various types. Samples of bacterial cellulose both "pure" and with the addition of the Rhodamine C dye are characterized by intense visible photoluminescence at room temperature. The treatment of samples with a NaOH solution leads to a decrease in the intensity of the red band (with a maximum at 670 nm) of cellulose luminescence, while the addition of a dye enhances the band in the yellow (maximum at 570 nm) spectral range. Thus, the method used in this work to made bacterial nanocellulose makes it possible to create luminescent films which emission spectra can be easily modified with alkalis or dyes treatment.

14

Gennadij V., Sakovich, Skiba Ekaterina A., Gladysheva Evgeniya K., Budaeva Vera V., and Aleshina Lyudmila A. "Chemical Aspects of Bacterial Nanocellulose." Journal of Siberian Federal University. Chemistry 11, no. 4 (December 2018): 531–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17516/1998-2836-0097.

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15

Stevanic, Jasna S., Catherine Joly, Kirsi S. Mikkonen, Kari Pirkkalainen, Ritva Serimaa, Caroline Rémond, Guillermo Toriz, Paul Gatenholm, Maija Tenkanen, and Lennart Salmén. "Bacterial nanocellulose-reinforced arabinoxylan films." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 122, no. 2 (May 20, 2011): 1030–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.34217.

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16

Kalytta-Mewes, Andreas, Sebastian Spirkl, Sebastian Tränkle, Manuel Hambach, and Dirk Volkmer. "Carbon supported Ru clusters prepared by pyrolysis of Ru precursor-impregnated biopolymer fibers." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 3, no. 42 (2015): 20919–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta04253d.

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Ru clusters deposited on pyrolyzed bacterial nanocellulose (Ru/p-BNC) were prepared in a single step by controlled pyrolysis at 1250 °C (under Ar gas), starting from bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) fibers impregnated with [RuCl₂(DMSO)₄], which serves as a Ru precursor.

17

Luze, Hanna, Judith Holzer, Katrin Tiffner, Sonja Kainz, Peter Reisenegger, Sebastian P. Nischwitz, Martin Funk, Thomas Birngruber, Selma Mautner, and Lars-Peter Kamolz. "615 Bacterial Nanocellulose as Cooling Agent." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S152—S153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.241.

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Abstract Introduction Cooling of burn injuries is most important, not only to reduce pain but also to reduce the intradermal damage as well as the burn wound conversion. Studies have shown that cooling for about 20 to 30 minutes using only plain tap water at moderate temperature is most efficient resulting in least intradermal damage. However, many burn injuries reach the hospital without any pre-clinical cooling, possibly due to the lack of a cooling agent. After a pilot study, we investigated if a bacterial nanocellulose (BNC)-based wound dressing containing about 95% water can cool a burn injury and if so the effect suffices to reduce the damage in the skin. Methods Skin explants from human donors were burned with inflicted a contact burn injury, of which half were treated with a BNC-based wound dressing and a paraffin gauze dressing. Intradermal temperature sensors measured the temperature changes in the dermis over the course of 24 hours. Biopsies were taken for histological evaluation at different time points. Results The intradermal measurements show high temperature spikes at the moment of the burn injuries. After the application of a BNC-based wound dressing the intradermal skin temperature was significantly reduced. The area under the curve in the treated group was significantly less than the untreated. The histological assessment showed according results with less damage in the treated group in comparison to the untreated. Conclusions Bacterial nanocellulose-based wound dressings with high water content significantly lower the intradermal temperature after a contact burn and reduce the thermal damage inflicted to the skin. A secondary dressing that permits the water to evaporate slower additionally prolongs the cooling effect. The use of such a wound dressing could find use in a preclinical setting where other cooling options are not available. Applicability of Research to Practice The findings of this experiment should be tested in an in-vivo setting prior to clinical use to investigate the possibility of inducing hypothermia with this treatment.

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Jacek, Paulina, Fernando Dourado, Miguel Gama, and Stanisław Bielecki. "Molecular aspects of bacterial nanocellulose biosynthesis." Microbial Biotechnology 12, no. 4 (March 18, 2019): 633–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1751-7915.13386.

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19

Barja, François. "Bacterial nanocellulose production and biomedical applications." Journal of Biomedical Research 35, no. 4 (2021): 310. http://dx.doi.org/10.7555/jbr.35.20210036.

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20

R, Reshmy, Eapen Philip, Deepa Thomas, Aravind Madhavan, Raveendran Sindhu, Parameswaran Binod, Sunita Varjani, Mukesh Kumar Awasthi, and Ashok Pandey. "Bacterial nanocellulose: engineering, production, and applications." Bioengineered 12, no. 2 (December 2, 2021): 11463–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/21655979.2021.2009753.

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21

Ajdary, Rubina, Roozbeh Abidnejad, Janika Lehtonen, Jani Kuula, Eija Raussi-Lehto, Esko Kankuri, Blaise Tardy, and Orlando J. Rojas. "Bacterial nanocellulose enables auxetic supporting implants." Carbohydrate Polymers 284 (May 2022): 119198. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119198.

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22

Stanisławska, A. "Bacterial Nanocellulose as a Microbiological Derived Nanomaterial." Advances in Materials Science 16, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 45–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/adms-2016-0022.

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Abstract Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a nanofibrilar polymer produced by strains such as Gluconacetobacter xylinus, one of the best bacterial species which given the highest efficiency in cellulose production. Bacterial cellulose is a biomaterial having unique properties such as: chemical purity, good mechanical strength, high flexibility, high absorbency, possibility of forming any shape and size and many others. Such a large number of advantages contributes to the widespread use of the BNC in food technology, paper, electronic industry, but also the architecture in use. However, the greatest hopes are using the BNC in medicine. This text contains information about bacterial nanocellulose, its specific mechanical and biological properties and current applications.

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Kumar, Anuj, Ankur Sood, and Sung Soo Han. "Potential of magnetic nano cellulose in biomedical applications: Recent Advances." Biomaterials and Polymers Horizon 1, no. 1 (October 20, 2021): 32–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.37819/bph.001.01.0133.

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Biopolymers have attracted considerable attention in various biomedical applications. Among them, cellulose as sustainable and renewable biomass has shown potential efficacy. With the advancement in nanotechnology, a wide range of nanostructured materials have surfaced with the potential to offer substantial biomedical applications. . The progress of cellulose at the nanoscale regime (nanocelluloses) with diverse forms like cellulose nanocrystals, nanofibres and bacterial nanocellulose) has imparted remarkable properties like high aspect-ratio and high mechanical strength, and biocompatibility. The amalgamation of nanocellulose together with magnetic nanoparticles (MNC) could be explored for a synergistic effect. In this review, a brief introduction of nano cellulose , magnetic nanoparticles and the synergistic effect of MNC is described. Further, the review sheds light on the recent studies based on MNCs with their potential in the biomedical area. Finally, the review is concluded by citing the remarkable value of MNC with their futuristic applications in other fields like friction layers for triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), energy production, hydrogen splitting, and wearable electronics.

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Anton-Sales, Irene, Soledad Roig-Sanchez, Kamelia Traeger, Christine Weis, Anna Laromaine, Pau Turon, and Anna Roig. "In vivo soft tissue reinforcement with bacterial nanocellulose." Biomaterials Science 9, no. 8 (2021): 3040–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1bm00025j.

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Susilo, Bili Darnanto, Heru Suryanto, and Aminnudin Aminnudin. "Characterization of Bacterial Nanocellulose - Graphite Nanoplatelets Composite Films." Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science and Technology 5, no. 2 (November 25, 2021): 145. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um016v5i22021p145.

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Bacterial cellulose (BC) was synthesized from pineapple peel extract media with addition of fermentation agent bacteria Acetobacter xylinum. BC was disintegrated from the pellicle into bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) by using a high-pressure homogenizer (hph) machine, which has a three-dimensional woven nanofibrous network. The synthesis of composite films started when BNC, graphite nanoplatelets, and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) were homogenized using an ultrasonic homogenizer then baked on a glass mold at a temperature of 80 degrees Celcius for 14h. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to analyze its morphology. X-Ray diffraction spectra were used to analyze the composite films structure. The functional groups of the composite films were analyzed using the FTIR spectrum. SEM micrograph shows that GNP was evenly distributed into BNC matrix after CTAB addition. GNPs are shown as flat and smooth flakes with sharp corners. Some peak corresponds O-H, C-H, C≡C, and CH3 stretching was identified by using FTIR spectroscopy at wavenumber 3379, 2893, 2135, and 1340 cm-1, respectively. XRD analysis shows that Crystalline Index (C.I) of BNC increases after 2.5 wt% addition of GNP. The presence of CTAB decreases C.I value of composite films. BNC/GNP composite films have the best mechanical properties with Young’s modulus about 77.01 ± 8.564.

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de Oliveira Barud, Hélida Gomes, Robson Rosa da Silva, Marco Antonio Costa Borges, Guillermo Raul Castro, Sidney José Lima Ribeiro, and Hernane da Silva Barud. "Bacterial Nanocellulose in Dentistry: Perspectives and Challenges." Molecules 26, no. 1 (December 24, 2020): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26010049.

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Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer that has fascinating attributes, such as biocompatibility, low cost, and ease of processing, being considered a very interesting biomaterial due to its options for moldability and combination. Thus, BC-based compounds (for example, BC/collagen, BC/gelatin, BC/fibroin, BC/chitosan, etc.) have improved properties and/or functionality, allowing for various biomedical applications, such as artificial blood vessels and microvessels, artificial skin, and wounds dressing among others. Despite the wide applicability in biomedicine and tissue engineering, there is a lack of updated scientific reports on applications related to dentistry, since BC has great potential for this. It has been used mainly in the regeneration of periodontal tissue, surgical dressings, intraoral wounds, and also in the regeneration of pulp tissue. This review describes the properties and advantages of some BC studies focused on dental and oral applications, including the design of implants, scaffolds, and wound-dressing materials, as well as carriers for drug delivery in dentistry. Aligned to the current trends and biotechnology evolutions, BC-based nanocomposites offer a great field to be explored and other novel features can be expected in relation to oral and bone tissue repair in the near future.

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Ashrafi, Zahra, Lucian Lucia, and Wendy Krause. "Bioengineering tunable porosity in bacterial nanocellulose matrices." Soft Matter 15, no. 45 (2019): 9359–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9sm01895f.

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Xu, Ting, Qisheng Jiang, Deoukchen Ghim, Keng-Ku Liu, Hongcheng Sun, Hamed Gholami Derami, Zheyu Wang, et al. "Catalytically Active Bacterial Nanocellulose-Based Ultrafiltration Membrane." Small 14, no. 15 (March 8, 2018): 1704006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/smll.201704006.

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Henschen, Jonatan, Per A. Larsson, Josefin Illergård, Monica Ek, and Lars Wågberg. "Bacterial adhesion to polyvinylamine-modified nanocellulose films." Colloids and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces 151 (March 2017): 224–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.12.018.

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Bacakova, Lucie, Julia Pajorova, Marketa Bacakova, Anne Skogberg, Pasi Kallio, Katerina Kolarova, and Vaclav Svorcik. "Versatile Application of Nanocellulose: From Industry to Skin Tissue Engineering and Wound Healing." Nanomaterials 9, no. 2 (January 29, 2019): 164. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9020164.

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Nanocellulose is cellulose in the form of nanostructures, i.e., features not exceeding 100 nm at least in one dimension. These nanostructures include nanofibrils, found in bacterial cellulose; nanofibers, present particularly in electrospun matrices; and nanowhiskers, nanocrystals, nanorods, and nanoballs. These structures can be further assembled into bigger two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) nano-, micro-, and macro-structures, such as nanoplatelets, membranes, films, microparticles, and porous macroscopic matrices. There are four main sources of nanocellulose: bacteria (Gluconacetobacter), plants (trees, shrubs, herbs), algae (Cladophora), and animals (Tunicata). Nanocellulose has emerged for a wide range of industrial, technology, and biomedical applications, namely for adsorption, ultrafiltration, packaging, conservation of historical artifacts, thermal insulation and fire retardation, energy extraction and storage, acoustics, sensorics, controlled drug delivery, and particularly for tissue engineering. Nanocellulose is promising for use in scaffolds for engineering of blood vessels, neural tissue, bone, cartilage, liver, adipose tissue, urethra and dura mater, for repairing connective tissue and congenital heart defects, and for constructing contact lenses and protective barriers. This review is focused on applications of nanocellulose in skin tissue engineering and wound healing as a scaffold for cell growth, for delivering cells into wounds, and as a material for advanced wound dressings coupled with drug delivery, transparency and sensorics. Potential cytotoxicity and immunogenicity of nanocellulose are also discussed.

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LAVRIC, GREGOR, DASA MEDVESCEK, and MATEJ SKOCAJ. "Papermaking properties of bacterial nanocellulose produced from mother of vinegar, a waste product after classical vinegar production." April 2020 19, no. 4 (May 1, 2020): 197–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj19.4.197.

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Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) has gained a lot of attention in recent years due to its nano-size-derived properties. Although it is essentially chemically similar to plant-derived cellulose, it has smaller size and is enriched in free hydroxyl groups, which greatly improve mechanical properties of reinforced paper. However, although BNC has some unique features, it comes at a high price. In this paper, we introduce a new solution for BNC production. We have isolated bacterial nanocellulose directly from agro-industrial waste—mother of vinegar—and used it in the production of paper sheets. We show here that paper sheets made with the addition of only 10% bacte-rial nanocellulose from mother of vinegar substantially improved basic mechanical as well as printing properties of paper.

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Vilela, Carla, Catarina Moreirinha, Adelaide Almeida, Armando J. D. Silvestre, and Carmen S. R. Freire. "Zwitterionic Nanocellulose-Based Membranes for Organic Dye Removal." Materials 12, no. 9 (April 30, 2019): 1404. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12091404.

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The development of efficient and environmentally-friendly nanomaterials to remove contaminants and pollutants (including harmful organic dyes) ravaging water sources is of major importance. Herein, zwitterionic nanocomposite membranes consisting of cross-linked poly(2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine) (PMPC) and bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) were prepared and tested as tools for water remediation. These nanocomposite membranes fabricated via the one-pot polymerization of the zwitterionic monomer, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl phosphorylcholine, within the BNC three-dimensional porous network, exhibit thermal stability up to 250 °C, good mechanical performance (Young’s modulus ≥ 430 MPa) and high water-uptake capacity (627%–912%) in different pH media. Moreover, these zwitterionic membranes reduced the bacterial concentration of both gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) pathogenic bacteria with maxima of 4.3– and 1.8–log CFU reduction, respectively, which might be a major advantage in reducing or avoiding bacterial growth in contaminated water. The removal of two water-soluble model dyes, namely methylene blue (MB, cationic) and methyl orange (MO, anionic), from water was also assessed and the results demonstrated that both dyes were successfully removed under the studied conditions, reaching a maximum of ionic dye adsorption of ca. 4.4–4.5 mg g−1. This combination of properties provides these PMPC/BNC nanocomposites with potential for application as antibacterial bio-based adsorbent membranes for water remediation of anionic and cationic dyes.

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Gatenholm, Paul, and Dieter Klemm. "Bacterial Nanocellulose as a Renewable Material for Biomedical Applications." MRS Bulletin 35, no. 3 (March 2010): 208–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/mrs2010.653.

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AbstractNanocellulose, such as that produced by the bacteria Gluconacetobacter xylinus (bacterial cellulose, BC), is an emerging biomaterial with great potential as a biological implant, wound and burn dressing material, and scaffolds for tissue regeneration. BC has remarkable mechanical properties despite the fact that it contains up to 99% water. The water-holding ability is the most probable reason why BC implants do not elicit any foreign body reaction. Moreover, the nanostructure and morphological similarities with collagen make BC attractive for cell immobilization and cell support. The architecture of BC materials can be engineered over length scales ranging from nano to macro by controlling the biofabrication process. This article describes current and future applications of BC in the biomedical field.

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Wang, Yu. "The investigation of producing bacterial cellulose fibres through hand-spun." E3S Web of Conferences 131 (2019): 01052. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913101052.

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Nanocellulose fibres can be hand-spun from different intermediate states, such as nanocellulose paper and filter cake, which are made from the BC suspension as well as wet pellicle (WP) and dry pellicle (DP) from BC pellicles. In this study, it can be concluded that increasing the hanging weight can increase the Young’s modulus and the tensile strength of fibres. Nanofibres produced from BC pellicles as raw material have better performance than those made from BC suspension. The best properties obtained from the fibres produced from wet pellicles and suspended to a 100g hanging weight upon drying are Young’s modulus (33.8 GPa), tensile strength (610 MPa) and elongation at break (3.6%).

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Chi, Kai, and Jeffrey M. Catchmark. "The influences of added polysaccharides on the properties of bacterial crystalline nanocellulose." Nanoscale 9, no. 39 (2017): 15144–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7nr05615j.

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Janićijević, Aleksandra, Aleksandra Sknepnek, Miljana Mirković, Vladimir Pavlović, and Suzana Filipović. "Optimization of the synthesis parameters of nanocomposites based on bacterial nanocellulose/Fe3O4." Tehnika 76, no. 3 (2021): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tehnika2103273j.

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Development in many areas of engineering and technology are closely linked to the development of new or improvement of existing materials. Having in mind wide use of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) in various areas of everyday life, from biomedicine, ecology to electronics, BNC-based composites are becoming widely used and attracting the attention of the scientific community. It is especially important to examine in detail the synthesis parameters that affect the changes in the crystal structure and morphology of the obtained composites, having in mind that these changes have a crucial influence on their final functional properties. In this paper, a composite material based on bacterial nanocellulose BNC (as the matrix) and ferromagnetic Fe3O4 was studied. BNC was obtained by the activity of acetic fermentation bacteria after 7 days of growth in a suitable medium. The research is aimed to optimization of the Fe3O4 precipitation conditions. It's especially considering the time interval of BNC films spend in the iron salt solution. The influence of the performed synthesis conditions was considered by the SEMEDS, FTIR and XRD methods.

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Ludwicka, Karolina, Przemysław Rytczak, Marek Kołodziejczyk, Edyta Gendaszewska-Darmach, Michał Chrzanowski, Katarzyna Kubiak, Marzena Jędrzejczak-Krzepkowska, and Stanisław Bielecki. "Bacterial nanocellulose – A biotechnological product for biomedical applications." New Biotechnology 33 (July 2016): S17—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2016.06.788.

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Luze, Hanna, Judith Holzer, Ives Bernardelli de Mattos, Alexandru-Cristian Tuca, Sebastian P. Nischwitz, Martin Funk, Selma Mautner, Thomas Birngruber, and Lars-Peter Kamolz. "526 Antiseptic Wound Dressings Made of Bacterial Nanocellulose." Journal of Burn Care & Research 41, Supplement_1 (March 2020): S101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jbcr/iraa024.156.

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Abstract Introduction Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a novel wound dressing that consists of nearly 95% water. This hydrophilicity allows this matrix to absorb and release aqueous substances. We investigated how well BNC can absorb antiseptic substances in order to create on demand antimicrobial wound dressings. Methods Sheets of BNC-based wound dressings were placed in four different antiseptic substances. Punch biopsies were taken at different time points and the concentrations of the antiseptic agent was measured. Two PHMB-containing solutions, one octenidine-containing and one povidone-iodine-containing solution were tested. In addition, the release of the substances from the punch biopsies was examined. To test the efficacy of these novel wound dressing, the antimicrobial activity of the BNC sheets loaded with the antiseptic solutions were tested against Staphylococcus aureus. Results All antiseptic solutions showed excellent uptake into the BNC as well as release. Especially the PHMB- and octenidine-containing solutions already showed high values after only 30 minutes. The overall achieved concentrations were all highly effective against Staphylococcus aureus and were all higher than the minimal bactericidal concentration against MRSA. Conclusions Antiseptic, water-based solutions are excellently absorbed in a very short time and are released steadily over a period of time dependant on the size of the molecules. All tested antiseptic solutions reached effective antibacterial concentrations making them all suitable for the making of antiseptic BNC-based wound dressings. However, when using a commercially available solution and not a solution containing only the active ingredient, it must be taken into consideration that all ingredients have an effect on the uptake of the active substance and thus influence the maximum uptake and release concentration. Applicability of Research to Practice The findings of this experiment are ready to be used in practice.

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Echeverry-Rendon, Mónica, Lisa M. Reece, Fernando Pastrana, Sandra L. Arias, Akshath R. Shetty, Juan Jose Pavón, and Jean Paul Allain. "Bacterial Nanocellulose Magnetically Functionalized for Neuro-Endovascular Treatment." Macromolecular Bioscience 17, no. 6 (January 24, 2017): 1600382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mabi.201600382.

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Pötzinger, Yvette, Dana Kralisch, and Dagmar Fischer. "Bacterial nanocellulose: the future of controlled drug delivery?" Therapeutic Delivery 8, no. 9 (August 2017): 753–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/tde-2017-0059.

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Abba, Mustapha, Zaharah Ibrahim, Chun Shiong Chong, Nurliyana Ahmad Zawawi, Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir, Abdul Halim Mohd Yusof, and Saiful Izwan Abd Razak. "Transdermal Delivery of Crocin Using Bacterial Nanocellulose Membrane." Fibers and Polymers 20, no. 10 (October 2019): 2025–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12221-019-9076-8.

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Queirós, E. C., S. P. Pinheiro, J. E. Pereira, J. Prada, I. Pires, F. Dourado, P. Parpot, and M. Gama. "Hemostatic Dressings Made of Oxidized Bacterial Nanocellulose Membranes." Polysaccharides 2, no. 1 (February 19, 2021): 80–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polysaccharides2010006.

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Surgicel® (regenerated oxidized cellulose) is a bio-absorbable hemostatic material widely applied to prevent surgery-derived adhesions. Some critical issues have been reported associated with this biomaterial, which we aimed to overcome by producing bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) membranes with hemostatic activity, through electrochemical oxidation using the tetramethylpiperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) radical. Samples were characterized by FTIR, NMR, SEM, XRD and their degree of polymerization. The oxidation degree was evaluated by titration of the carboxyl groups and the hemostatic behavior by whole-blood-clotting assays. In vitro and in vivo biodegradability of oxidized BNC membranes were evaluated and compared with that of Surgicel®. The oxidation degree increased from 4% to 7% and up to 15%, corresponding to an applied charge of 400, 700 and 1200 Coulombs, respectively. The oxidized BNC preserved the crystallinity and the 3D nano-fibrillar network, and demonstrated hemostatic activity, although not as effective as that of Surgicel®. In vivo assays demonstrated that the oxidized membranes did not induce an inflammatory response, revealing a good biocompatibility. However, non-degraded oxidized BNC was still detected at the implantation site after 56 days.

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Shavyrkina, Nadezhda A., Vera V. Budaeva, Ekaterina A. Skiba, Galina F. Mironova, Nikolay V. Bychin, Yulia A. Gismatulina, Ekaterina I. Kashcheyeva, et al. "Scale-Up of Biosynthesis Process of Bacterial Nanocellulose." Polymers 13, no. 12 (June 9, 2021): 1920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13121920.

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Bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) is a unique product of microbiological synthesis, having a lot of applications among which the most important is biomedicine. Objective complexities in scaling up the biosynthesis of BNC are associated with the nature of microbial producers for which BNC is not the target metabolite, therefore biosynthesis lasts long, with the BNC yield being small. Thus, the BNC scale-up problem has not yet been overcome. Here we performed biosynthesis of three scaled sheets of BNC (each having a surface area of 29,400 cm2, a container volume of 441 L, and a nutrient medium volume of 260 L and characterized them. The static biosynthesis of BNC in a semisynthetic nutrient medium was scaled up using the Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 symbiotic culture. The experiment was run in duplicate. The BNC pellicle was removed once from the nutrient medium in the first experiment and twice in the second experiment, in which case the inoculum and glucose were not additionally added to the medium. The resultant BNC sheets were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, capillary viscosimetry, infrared spectroscopy, thermomechanical and thermogravimetric analyses. When the nutrient medium was scaled up from 0.1 to 260 L, the elastic modulus of BNC samples increased tenfold and the degree of polymerization 2.5-fold. Besides, we demonstrated that scaled BNC sheets could be removed at least twice from one volume of the nutrient medium, with the yield and quality of BNC remaining the same. Consequently, the world’s largest BNC sheets 210 cm long and 140 cm wide, having a surface area of 29,400 cm2 each (weighing 16.24 to 17.04 kg), have been obtained in which an adult with burns or vast wounds can easily be wrapped. The resultant sheets exhibit a typical architecture of cellulosic fibers that form a spatial 3D structure which refers to individual and extremely important characteristics of BNC. Here we thus demonstrated the scale-up of biosynthesis of BNC with improved properties, and this result was achieved by using the symbiotic culture.

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Gismatulina, Yu A., V. V. Budaeva, A. E. Sitnikova, N. V. Bychin, E. K. Gladysheva, N. A. Shavyrkina, G. F. Mironova, and Yu V. Sevastyanova. "Bacterial nanocellulose and softwood pulp for composite paper." Proceedings of Universities. Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology 11, no. 3 (October 7, 2021): 460–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.21285/2227-2925-2021-11-3-460-471.

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Abstract: Scaling biosynthesis of bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) allowed samples of composite paper with an increased proportion of BNC to be obtained. This work aims to study BNC samples and bleached soft wood kraft pulp (BSKP) composite paper with a ratio of components varying across a wide range: 10:90, 30:70, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, 90:10. The method of paper manufacturing was chosen based on the determinations of strength and deformation properties of composite samples with the BNC:BSKP ratio of 20:80. Surface application of BNT on BSKP handsheet provided for an increase in the strength values (tear resistance – by 37%, burst index – by 17%) and deformation characteristics (tension stiffness – by 66%, fracture work – by 8%, breaking length – by 4%) compared to a reference sample. The formation of composites is confirmed in all samples. Scanning electron spectroscopy revealed that paper composites comprise interlaced micro BSKP and nano BNC fibres. As the proportion of BNC in composites elevated, densification of the structure was observed due to an increased fraction of cross-linked nanosized elements. IR spectroscopy indicated the resemblance of cellulose structure in all samples. It was found that an increase in the degree of polymerisation of composite paper is directly proportional to an increase in the BNC amount in the samples. The filtering ability of composite paper samples against microorganisms in the culture liquid of the Medusomyces gisevii Sa-12 producer was studied. It should be noted that yeast retention is achieved with 70% BNC in the paper composite. The presented properties of the new material determine prospects for its use in filtering microorganisms.

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Almeida, Tânia, Armando J. D. Silvestre, Carla Vilela, and Carmen S. R. Freire. "Bacterial Nanocellulose toward Green Cosmetics: Recent Progresses and Challenges." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 2836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062836.

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In the skin care field, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC), a versatile polysaccharide produced by non-pathogenic acetic acid bacteria, has received increased attention as a promising candidate to replace synthetic polymers (e.g., nylon, polyethylene, polyacrylamides) commonly used in cosmetics. The applicability of BNC in cosmetics has been mainly investigated as a carrier of active ingredients or as a structuring agent of cosmetic formulations. However, with the sustainability issues that are underway in the highly innovative cosmetic industry and with the growth prospects for the market of bio-based products, a much more prominent role is envisioned for BNC in this field. Thus, this review provides a comprehensive overview of the most recent (last 5 years) and relevant developments and challenges in the research of BNC applied to cosmetic, aiming at inspiring future research to go beyond in the applicability of this exceptional biotechnological material in such a promising area.

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Fahma, F., I. Febiyanti, N. Lisdayana, I. W. Arnata, and D. Sartika. "Nanocellulose as a new sustainable material for various applications: a review." Archives of Materials Science and Engineering 2, no. 109 (June 1, 2021): 49–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.2624.

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Purpose: This paper presents a comprehensive review of nanocellulose and its application in several applications, including composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields. Design/methodology/approach: General explanations about cellulose and nanocellulose have been described. Different types of nanocellulose (cellulose nanofibers, cellulose nanocrystals, bacterial nanocellulose) as well as their isolation processes (mechanical process, chemical process) have been reviewed. Several surface modifications have been explained to improve the dispersion of nanocellulose in non-polar polymers. The possible utilization of nanocellulose in composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields have also been analysed. Findings: This review presents three application fields at once, namely composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields. In the composite field, nanocellulose can be used as a reinforcing agent which increases the mehcnical properties such as tensile strength and toughness, and thermal stability of the final composites. In the biomedical field, nanocellulose is reinforced into hydrogel or composites which will be produced as tissue scaffolding, wound dressing, etc. It is found that the addition of nanocellulose can extend and control the drug release. While in the packaging field, nanocellulose is added into a biopolymer to improve the barrier properties and decrease the water and oxygen vapor transmission rates. Research limitations/implications: Nanocellulose has a hydrophilic nature, thus making it agglomerated and difficult to disperse in most non-polar polymers. Therefore, certain surface modification of nanocellulose are required prior to the preparation of composites or hydrogels.Practical implications: Further research regarding the toxicity of nanocellulose needs to be investigated, especially when applying it in the biomedical and food packaging fields. Originality/value: This review presents three application fields at once, namely composites, biomedical, and food packaging fields.

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Nicu, Raluca, Florin Ciolacu, and Diana E. Ciolacu. "Advanced Functional Materials Based on Nanocellulose for Pharmaceutical/Medical Applications." Pharmaceutics 13, no. 8 (July 23, 2021): 1125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics13081125.

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Nanocelluloses (NCs), with their remarkable characteristics, have proven to be one of the most promising “green” materials of our times and have received special attention from researchers in nanomaterials. A diversity of new functional materials with a wide range of biomedical applications has been designed based on the most desirable properties of NCs, such as biocompatibility, biodegradability, and their special physicochemical properties. In this context and under the pressure of rapid development of this field, it is imperative to synthesize the successes and the new requirements in a comprehensive review. The first part of this work provides a brief review of the characteristics of the NCs (cellulose nanocrystals—CNC, cellulose nanofibrils—CNF, and bacterial nanocellulose—BNC), as well as of the main functional materials based on NCs (hydrogels, nanogels, and nanocomposites). The second part presents an extensive review of research over the past five years on promising pharmaceutical and medical applications of nanocellulose-based materials, which have been discussed in three important areas: drug-delivery systems, materials for wound-healing applications, as well as tissue engineering. Finally, an in-depth assessment of the in vitro and in vivo cytotoxicity of NCs-based materials, as well as the challenges related to their biodegradability, is performed.

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Fortea-Verdejo, Marta, Elias Bumbaris, Koon Yang Lee, and Alexander Bismarck. "Bacterial Cellulose Reinforced Flax Fibre Composites: Effect of Nanocellulose Loading on Composite Properties." Materials Science Forum 825-826 (July 2015): 1063–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.825-826.1063.

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Loose hierarchical flax fibres/polypropylene composites were manufactured in a simple way based on a paper-making process in order to include nanocellulose and allow the hornification of the nanofibres in a controlled manner. The effect of flax fibre content on the flax/polypropylene composites and the influence of nanocellulose on the properties of these composites are discussed. By increasing the flax content a slight decrease of the tensile strength and an increase of the Young´s modulus were observed. On the other hand, no significant effect was noticed when increasing the bacterial cellulose content in the composites.

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Oprea, Madalina, and Denis Mihaela Panaitescu. "Nanocellulose Hybrids with Metal Oxides Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications." Molecules 25, no. 18 (September 4, 2020): 4045. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25184045.

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Cellulose is one of the most affordable, sustainable and renewable resources, and has attracted much attention especially in the form of nanocellulose. Bacterial cellulose, cellulose nanocrystals or nanofibers may serve as a polymer support to enhance the effectiveness of metal nanoparticles. The resultant hybrids are valuable materials for biomedical applications due to the novel optical, electronic, magnetic and antibacterial properties. In the present review, the preparation methods, properties and application of nanocellulose hybrids with different metal oxides nanoparticles such as zinc oxide, titanium dioxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide or magnetite are thoroughly discussed. Nanocellulose-metal oxides antibacterial formulations are preferred to antibiotics due to the lack of microbial resistance, which is the main cause for the antibiotics failure to cure infections. Metal oxide nanoparticles may be separately synthesized and added to nanocellulose (ex situ processes) or they can be synthesized using nanocellulose as a template (in situ processes). In the latter case, the precursor is trapped inside the nanocellulose network and then reduced to the metal oxide. The influence of the synthesis methods and conditions on the thermal and mechanical properties, along with the bactericidal and cytotoxicity responses of nanocellulose-metal oxides hybrids were mainly analyzed in this review. The current status of research in the field and future perspectives were also signaled.

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Anton-Sales, Irene, Justin Christopher D'Antin, Jorge Fernández-Engroba, Victor Charoenrook, Anna Laromaine, Anna Roig, and Ralph Michael. "Bacterial nanocellulose as a corneal bandage material: a comparison with amniotic membrane." Biomaterials Science 8, no. 10 (2020): 2921–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0bm00083c.

Повний текст джерела

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Анотація:

Bacterial nanocellulose exhibits valuable properties to act as a corneal bandage material in terms of conformability, suturability, durability and ease of manipulation in ophthalmological environments.