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1
Samir, Safia. "Bacteriophages as Therapeutic Agents: Alternatives to Antibiotics." Recent Patents on Biotechnology 15, no. 1 (May 7, 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1872208315666210121094311.
Анотація:
: Bacteriophages are bacterio-specific viruses that constitute the main portion of the environment. Bacteriophages inject their genome into the targeted bacterial cells and some of them can disrupt the metabolism of bacteria and cause bacterial cell disintegration. The application of bacteriophages to kill bacteria is known as bacteriophage therapy. Since bacteriophages target bacteria and are strain-specific, every bacteriophage/bacterial host pair is unique. They are believed to cause no harm to humans. An additional advantage of the strain-specific nature of bacteriophages is that they do not disrupt the beneficial natural flora in the body. Bacteriophage therapy in the West is not a recognized medicine at this time, and no products are registered. Some clinicians are turning to bacteriophage therapy for the treatment of antibiotic-resistant infections. Lack of adverse effects makes bacteriophage therapy ideal for use. Funding research, media attention, and the increased publication of articles helped in a widespread understanding of its therapeutic potential. The first prerequisite for the use of bacteriophage therapy is simply the availability of bacteriophages for treatment, which is often complicated at this stage of bacteriophage production. This includes providing access to all biologically active bacteriophages against the bacterial isolate of the patient and meeting regulatory criteria of purity, traceability, and characterization. A monophage preparation, which is a single bacteriophage, or a phage cocktail, which consists of a number of combined bacteriophages against one or more bacterial species may be used. Accordingly, the antibiotic resistance crisis brought back bacteriophage therapy as a potential complementary or alternative treatment. Bacteriophages are promising cheap antibacterials.
2
Putra, Ramendra Dirgantara, and Diana Lyrawati. "Interactions between Bacteriophages and Eukaryotic Cells." Scientifica 2020 (June 9, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/3589316.
Анотація:
As the name implies, bacteriophage is a bacterium-specific virus. It infects and kills the bacterial host. Bacteriophages have gained attention as alternative antimicrobial entities in the science community in the western world since the alarming rise of antibiotic resistance among microbes. Although generally considered as prokaryote-specific viruses, recent studies indicate that bacteriophages can interact with eukaryotic organisms, including humans. In the current review, these interactions are divided into two categories, i.e., indirect and direct interactions, with the involvement of bacteriophages, bacteria, and eukaryotes. We discuss bacteriophage-related diseases, transcytosis of bacteriophages, bacteriophage interactions with cancer cells, collaboration of bacteriophages and eukaryotes against bacterial infections, and horizontal gene transfer between bacteriophages and eukaryotes. Such interactions are crucial for understanding and developing bacteriophages as the therapeutic agents and pharmaceutical delivery systems. With the advancement and combination of in silico, in vitro, and in vivo approaches and clinical trials, bacteriophages definitely serve as useful repertoire for biologic target-based drug development to manage many complex diseases in the future.
3
Maura, Damien, Matthieu Galtier, Chantal Le Bouguénec, and Laurent Debarbieux. "Virulent Bacteriophages Can Target O104:H4 Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli in the Mouse Intestine." Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 56, no. 12 (September 24, 2012): 6235–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.00602-12.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTIn vivobacteriophage targeting of enteroaggregativeEscherichia coli(EAEC) was assessed using a mouse intestinal model of colonization with the O104:H4 55989Str strain and a cocktail of three virulent bacteriophages. The colonization model was shown to mimic asymptomatic intestinal carriage found in humans. The addition of the cocktail to drinking water for 24 h strongly decreased ileal and weakly decreased fecal 55989Str concentrations in a dose-dependent manner. These decreases in ileal and fecal bacterial concentrations were only transient, since 55989Str concentrations returned to their original levels 3 days later. These transient decreases were independent of the mouse microbiota, as similar results were obtained with axenic mice. We studied the infectivity of each bacteriophage in the ileal and fecal environments and found that 55989Str bacteria in the mouse ileum were permissive to all three bacteriophages, whereas those in the feces were permissive to only one bacteriophage. Our results provide the first demonstration that bacterial permissivity to infection with virulent bacteriophages is not uniform throughout the gut; this highlights the need for a detailed characterization of the interactions between bacteria and bacteriophagesin vivofor the further development of phage therapy targeting intestinal pathogens found in the gut of asymptomatic human carriers.
4
Manrique, Pilar, Benjamin Bolduc, Seth T. Walk, John van der Oost, Willem M. de Vos, and Mark J. Young. "Healthy human gut phageome." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, no. 37 (August 29, 2016): 10400–10405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1601060113.
Анотація:
The role of bacteriophages in influencing the structure and function of the healthy human gut microbiome is unknown. With few exceptions, previous studies have found a high level of heterogeneity in bacteriophages from healthy individuals. To better estimate and identify the shared phageome of humans, we analyzed a deep DNA sequence dataset of active bacteriophages and available metagenomic datasets of the gut bacteriophage community from healthy individuals. We found 23 shared bacteriophages in more than one-half of 64 healthy individuals from around the world. These shared bacteriophages were found in a significantly smaller percentage of individuals with gastrointestinal/irritable bowel disease. A network analysis identified 44 bacteriophage groups of which 9 (20%) were shared in more than one-half of all 64 individuals. These results provide strong evidence of a healthy gut phageome (HGP) in humans. The bacteriophage community in the human gut is a mixture of three classes: a set of core bacteriophages shared among more than one-half of all people, a common set of bacteriophages found in 20–50% of individuals, and a set of bacteriophages that are either rarely shared or unique to a person. We propose that the core and common bacteriophage communities are globally distributed and comprise the HGP, which plays an important role in maintaining gut microbiome structure/function and thereby contributes significantly to human health.
5
SAKMANOĞLU, Aslı, та Hasan Hüseyin HADİMLİ. "Typing of ΦSP–3 lytic Salmonella bacteriophages obtained from various fecal sources". TURKISH JOURNAL OF VETERINARY AND ANIMAL SCIENCES 44, № 5 (27 жовтня 2020): 1047–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3906/vet-2005-105.
Анотація:
Although several reports are available on both ΦSP–1 and ΦSP–3 lytic Salmonella bacteriophages obtained from poultry, further research is required to study the effectiveness of ΦSP–3 type on serovars isolated from other sources. In the present study, we aimed to isolate bacteriophages from 8 serovars previously obtained from 869 fecal samples (calf, dairy cow, buffalo, and camel), genotype the bacteriophages, and detect the cross-lytic activities of the bacteriophages on Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Kentucky, S.Anatum, and S.Muenchen. A total of 16 bacteriophages were detected as ΦSP–3 type via PCR. The Hunter-Gaston Discriminatory Index of SDS-PAGE was calculated to be 0.825. Determination of multiplicity of infection (MOI) values were different for each bacteriophage according to the cross-lytic activity assessment. The MOI of the most effective S. Kentucky bacteriophage was 79.11 μg/mL for 2.5×104 cells, whereas that of the most ineffective S.Muenchen bacteriophage was 1.142 μg/μL for 2.5×104 cells. In conclusion, it was assumed that owing to the high and cross-lytic activity of the S. Kentucky bacteriophage, it has a larger host range, which differs in the lytic activities of each bacteriophage, despite being the same serovar, and that calf feces is the most important source for obtaining Salmonella bacteriophages.
6
Ariyanti, Tati. "The Use of Bacteriophage for Detection and Biocontrol of Foodborne Pathogen." Indonesian Bulletin of Animal and Veterinary Sciences 28, no. 1 (March 3, 2018): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.14334/wartazoa.v28i1.1791.
Анотація:
Bacteriophages are viruses that have ability to attack bacterial cells in specific receptors, infect, multiply in bacterial cells and eventually lyse bacterial cells. This unique bacteriophage character is highly beneficial because it is harmless to mammalian cells and does not interfere with natural microbes. Bacteriophages are easy to obtain because they are widespread in the environment such as soil, water, animal, and farm waste or food. This paper describes the potential use of bacteriophages to detect pathogen and foodborne pathogen biocontrol. Bacteriophages are very potential to control the growth of pathogenic bacteria both in food industry and environment. Bacteriophages act as antibiotics, detection tool for pathogenic bacteria in the food chain, food biopreservative from pathogen bacteria contamination, and foodborne disease prevention. Although research on bacteriophage in Indonesia has not been widely reported, research on bacteriophage utilization is being carried on.
7
Moon, Choi, Jeong, Sohn, Han, and Oh. "Research Progress of M13 Bacteriophage-Based Biosensors." Nanomaterials 9, no. 10 (October 11, 2019): 1448. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9101448.
Анотація:
Recently, new virus-based sensor systems that operate on M13 bacteriophage infrastructure have attracted considerable attention. These systems can detect a range of chemicals with excellent sensitivity and selectivity. Filaments consistent with M13 bacteriophages can be ordered by highly established forms of self-assembly. This allows M13 bacteriophages to build a homogeneous distribution and infiltrate the network structure of nanostructures under mild conditions. Phage display, involving the genetic engineering of M13 bacteriophages, is another strong feature of the M13 bacteriophage as a functional building block. The numerous genetic modification possibilities of M13 bacteriophages are clearly the key features, and far more applications are envisaged. This paper reviews the recent progress in the application of the M13 bacteriophage self-assembly structures through to sensor systems and discusses future M13 bacteriophage technology.
8
TARAKANOV, R. I., A. N. IGNATOV, and F. S. DZHALILOV. "ISOLATION OF SPECIFIC BACTERIOPHAGES - PSEUDOMONAS SAVASTANOI PV. GLYCINEA - AND THEIR USE IN SOYBEAN BACTERIAL BLIGHT CONTROL." Izvestiâ Timirâzevskoj selʹskohozâjstvennoj akademii, no. 4 (2020): 43–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/0021-342x-2020-4-43-53.
Анотація:
Bacterial blight is one of most harmful diseases of legumes, reducing the profitability of soybean production in Russian Federation. Among a number of Pseudomonas isolates obtained from diseased seeds and plants of soybean, 4 strains were selected and confirmed as Pseudomonas savastanoipv. glycinea (Psg). Properties of the isolated bacteria were similar to type strain of Psg CFBP 2214 in plant virulence, LOPAT tests, and PCR analysis for coronafacate ligase gene, and partly – in the phage reaction profile. Four isolates of bacteriophages specific to Psg were obtained from soil samples taken from fields with soybean crops. Virulence testing for the bacteriophages showed that bacteriophage ϕG17 infected 4 of 5 tested Psg strains, and it was chosen for further experiments with bacterial blight control. The bacteriophague effect control conducted on soybent plants inoculated by Psg experiments confirmed that 2 treatments of plants by the bacteriophage significantly reduced the disease development. Biological effect of the bacteriophage application was 74.75%, which is very close to the pesticide Strekar in a concentration of 0.5%.
9
Gorshenin, Aleksandr Vladimirovich. "Participation of microbiologists Z.V. Ermolyeva and L.M. Yakobson in a scientific discussion about the fate of the production of Soviet cholera bacteriophages in 1967." Samara Journal of Science 10, no. 4 (December 1, 2021): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/snv2021104211.
Анотація:
Since the late 1920s in the USSR, along with many countries, there has been an interest in studying the phenomenon of bacteriophagy and its use in medicine. Bacteriophages are called bacterial viruses. Significant work on the study of bacteriophages and their use for medical purposes was carried out by Soviet microbiologists Zinaida Vissarionovna Ermolyeva and Lidiya Mikhailovna Yakobson. They paid especially great attention to the study of cholera bacteriophage, which during the Great Patriotic War helped prevent the cholera epidemic in frontline Stalingrad. In the 1940s due to the advent of the era of antibiotics with a wider range of applications, research interest in bacteriophages was waning. Nevertheless, in the prevention and treatment of a number of infectious diseases of bacterial origin, phage continued to be used in the following decades. In 1967, one of the countrys largest microbiologists sent an appeal to the Chief Sanitary Doctor of the USSR with a proposal to stop or reduce the production of cholera bacteriophage in the country. In this regard, a scientific discussion in which Z.V. Ermolyeva and L.M. Yakobson played an important role unfolded. Using the materials of the State Archive of the Russian Federation and the Russian State Archive of Economics, involving published scientific works on microbiology and medicine, an attempt is made to analyze this scientific discussion and establish its significance in the fate of the production of cholera bacteriophage in the USSR.
10
Florent, Perrine, Henry-Michel Cauchie, Malte Herold, Stéphan Jacquet, and Leslie Ogorzaly. "Soil pH, Calcium Content and Bacteria as Major Factors Responsible for the Distribution of the Known Fraction of the DNA Bacteriophage Populations in Soils of Luxembourg." Microorganisms 10, no. 7 (July 19, 2022): 1458. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms10071458.
Анотація:
Bacteriophages participate in soil life by influencing bacterial community structure and function, biogeochemical cycling and horizontal gene transfer. Despite their great abundance, diversity, and importance in microbial processes, they remain little explored in environmental studies. The influence of abiotic factors on the persistence of bacteriophages is now recognized; however, it has been mainly studied under experimental conditions. This study aimed to determine whether the abiotic factors well-known to influence bacteriophage persistence also control the natural distribution of the known DNA bacteriophage populations. To this end, soil from eight study sites including forests and grasslands located in the Attert River basin (Grand Duchy of Luxembourg) were sampled, covering different soil and land cover characteristics. Shotgun metagenomics, reference-based bioinformatics and statistical analyses allowed characterising the diversity of known DNA bacteriophage and bacterial communities. After combining soil properties with the identified DNA bacteriophage populations, our in-situ study highlighted the influence of pH and calcium cations on the diversity of the known fraction of the soil DNA bacteriophages. More interestingly, significant relationships were established between bacteriophage and bacterial populations. This study provides new insights into the importance of abiotic and biotic factors in the distribution of DNA bacteriophages and the natural ecology of terrestrial bacteriophages.
11
Musin, Egor V., Aleksandr L. Kim, Alexey V. Dubrovskii, Elena V. Ariskina, Ekaterina B. Kudryashova, and Sergey A. Tikhonenko. "The Pathways to Create Containers for Bacteriophage Delivery." Polymers 14, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 613. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14030613.
Анотація:
Antimicrobial resistance is a global public health threat. One of the possible ways to solve this problem is phage therapy, but the instability of bacteriophages hinders the development of this approach. A bacteriophage delivery system that stabilizes the phage is one of the possible solutions to this problem. This study is dedicated to exploring methods to create encapsulated forms of bacteriophages for delivery. We studied the effect of proteolytic enzymes on the destruction of the polyelectrolyte microcapsule shell and revealed that protease from Streptomyces griseus was able to destroy the membrane of the microcapsule (dextran sulfate/polyarginine)3 ((DS/PArg)3). In addition, the protease decreased the activity of the bacteriophage in the second hour of incubation, and the phage lost activity after 16 h. It was found that a medium with pH 9.02 did not affect the survival of the bacteriophage or E. coli. The bacteriophages were encapsulated into polyelectrolyte microcapsules (DS/PArg)3. It was established that it is impossible to use microcapsules as a means of delivering bacteriophages since the bacteriophages are inactivated. When bacteriophages were included inside a CaCO3 core, it was demonstrated that the phage retained activity before and after the dissolution of the CaCO3 particle. From the results of this study, we recommend using CaCO3 microparticles as a container for bacteriophage delivery through the acidic stomach barrier.
12
Levanova, L. A., Yu V. Zakharova, A. A. Markovskaya, and L. Yu Otdushkina. "Bacteriophage sensitivity of opportunistic microbiota in children with gut dysbiosis." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-3-40-45.
Анотація:
Aim. As the activity of bacteriophages is species- and strain-specific, it is necessary to study bacteriophage sensitivity in distinct geographic regions with various disease patterns. Here, we aimed to study the lytic activity of specific commercially available bacteriophages against Klebsiella spp., Proteus spp., and Staphylococcus aureus isolated from the intestines of children with gut dysbiosis.Materials and Methods. Bacteriophage sensitivity was assessed in 315 opportunistic microorganisms (125 Staphylococcus aureus strains, 120 Klebsiella spp. strains, 70 Proteus spp. strains) isolated from the intestinal microbiota of 300 children < 4 years of age with gut dysbiosis. Bacteriophage preparations were produced by Microgen (Russian Federation). The lytic activity of bacteriophages was studied by a drip method on a Muller-Hinton medium by calculating the area of bacterial culture lysis.Results. We found low sensitivity of Klebsiella spp. (37.5% sensitive strains) and Proteus spp. (41.4% sensitive strains) to specific bacteriophages, albeit there were considerable differences between distinct Klebsiella species (Klebsiella pneumoniae, 56.7% sensitive strains; Klebsiella oxytoca, 18.3% sensitive strains, p = 0.03) and Proteus species (Proteus vulgaris, 52.0% strains; Proteus mirabilis, 35.6% strains, p = 0.04). Nevertheless, sensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus was considerably higher (78.4%). In addition, lytic activity of bacteriophages reduced along with the increasing severity of gut dysbiosis.Conclusion. Klebsiella spp. and Proteus spp. isolated from children with dysbiosis have low sensitivity to commercially available bacteriophages. Bacteriophage sensitivity positively correlated with gut dysbiosis.
13
Khan, M. A., H. Satoh, T. Mino, H. Katayama, F. Kurisu, and T. Matsuo. "Bacteriophage-host interaction in the enhanced biological phosphate removing activated sludge system." Water Science and Technology 46, no. 1-2 (July 1, 2002): 39–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2002.0453.
Анотація:
Bacteriophages were isolated from a laboratory scale enhanced biological phosphate removing (EBPR) activated sludge process, and their host range was examined. Bacterial isolates to host the bacteriophages were isolated from the EBPR activated sludge process. Bacteriophages were eluted from the EBPR activated sludge, enriched by incubation with the bacterial isolates, and then tested for plaque formation on each of the bacterial isolates. Out of 12 bacterial isolates isolated, 4 supported plaque formation. Four bacteriophages were obtained from the plaques. The host range test was conducted with the combination of the bacteriophage isolates and the bacterial isolates. Three of the bacteriophages were found to form plaques on more than one host, and one of them formed plaques on both Gram +ve and Gram −ve bacterial isolates. Two of the four bacteriophages failed to form plaques on their original bacterial host, indicating the existence of mutation on either both or one of the host and the bacteriophage. This study strongly suggests that bacteriophages are an active part of the activated sludge microbial ecosystem, having very complex interaction with their host bacteria.
14
Li, Jinyu, and John J. Dennehy. "Differential Bacteriophage Mortality on Exposure to Copper." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 77, no. 19 (August 12, 2011): 6878–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.05661-11.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTMany studies report that copper can be used to control microbial growth, including that of viruses. We determined the rates of copper-mediated inactivation for a wide range of bacteriophages. We used two methods to test the effect of copper on bacteriophage survival. One method involved placing small volumes of bacteriophage lysate on copper and stainless steel coupons. Following exposure, metal coupons were rinsed with lysogeny broth, and the resulting fluid was serially diluted and plated on agar with the corresponding bacterial host. The second method involved adding copper sulfate (CuSO4) to bacteriophage lysates to a final concentration of 5 mM. Aliquots were removed from the mixture, serially diluted, and plated with the appropriate bacterial host. Significant mortality was observed among the double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) bacteriophages Φ6 and Φ8, the single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) bacteriophage PP7, the ssDNA bacteriophage ΦX174, and the dsDNA bacteriophage PM2. However, the dsDNA bacteriophages PRD1, T4, and λ were relatively unaffected by copper. Interestingly, lipid-containing bacteriophages were most susceptible to copper toxicity. In addition, in the first experimental method, the pattern of bacteriophage Φ6 survival over time showed a plateau in mortality after lysates dried out. This finding suggests that copper's effect on bacteriophage is mediated by the presence of water.
15
Kargina, T. M., E. I. Sakanyan, D. S. Davydov, and R. L. Parfenyuk. "Elaboration of Pharmacopoeial Quality Standards for Bacteriophage Products." BIOpreparations. Prevention, Diagnosis, Treatment 19, no. 4 (December 11, 2019): 233–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.30895/2221-996x-2019-19-4-233-241.
Анотація:
Bacteriophages are novel safe and efficacious medicinal products that are used for treatment of intestinal infections and purulent inflammations. The fact that virulent phages can be adapted to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains makes this group of medicines a promising means of treatment of infections associated with medical interventions. The elaboration of quality standards for bacteriophage products will enable alignment of the quality requirements and test methods. There are no monographs on bacteriophage products in pharmacopoeias of other countries, therefore, the development of general chapters on groups of test methods used in bacteriophage quality control and monographs on bacteriophages for the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation (Ph. Rus.) was a very relevant and timely initiative. The aim of the study was to elaborate pharmacopoeial quality standards for bacteriophages approved in the Russian Federation for therapeutic and prophylactic indications. The authors of the study analysed product specification files and master production records for bacteriophages produced in the Russian Federation. They determined common GMP-compliant production steps, the selection criteria for bacteriophage strains and bacteria production strains, and cultivation and storage conditions. The authors standardised bacteriophage quality parameters and brought the test methods in line with the test procedures described in the Ph. Rus., 14th ed. The study summarised test methods used for identification of bacteriophages and determination of their specific activity. The main results of the study were included into the general monograph «Bacteriophages» and individual monographs on bacteriophage products that were included into the current edition of the Ph. Rus. Further studies and elaboration of new quality standards for mono- and multicomponent bacteriophage products, and the use of such products in clinical practice will improve prophylaxis and treatment of various infectious diseases.
16
Bach, S. J., R. P. Johnson, K. Stanford, and T. A. McAllister. "Bacteriophages reduce Escherichia coli O157:H7 levels in experimentally inoculated sheep." Canadian Journal of Animal Science 89, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 285–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjas08083.
Анотація:
Bacteriophage biocontrol has potential as a means of mitigating the prevalence of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ruminants. The efficacy of oral administration of bacteriophages for reducing fecal shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep was evaluated using 20 Canadian Arcott rams (50.0 ± 3.0) housed in four rooms (n = 5) in a contained facility. The rams had ad libitum access to drinking water and a pelleted barley-based total mixed ration, delivered once daily. Experimental treatments consisted of administration of E. coli O157:H7 (O157), E. coli O157:H7+bacteriophages (O157+phage), bacteriophages (phage), and control (CON). Oral inoculation of the rams with 109 CFU of a mixture of four nalidixic acid-resistant strains of E. coli O157:H7 was performed on day 0. A mixture of 1010 PFU of bacteriophages P5, P8 and P11 was administered on days -2, -1, 0, 6 and 7. Fecal samples collected on 14 occasions over 21 d were analyzed for E. coli O157:H7, total E. coli, total coliforms and bacteriophages. Sheep in treatment O157+phage shed fewer (P < 0.05) E. coli O157:H7 than did sheep in treatment O157. Populations of total coliforms and total E. coli were similar (P < 0.05) among treatments, implying that bacteriophage lysis of non-target E. coli and coliform bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract did not occur. Bacteriophage numbers declined rapidly over 21 d, which likely reduced the chance of collision between bacteria and bacteriophage. Oral administration of bacteriophages reduced shedding of E. coli O157:H7 by sheep, but a delivery system that would protect bacteriophages during passage through the intestine may increase the effectiveness of this strategy as well as allow phage to be administered in the feed.Key words: Escherichia coli O157:H7, bacteriophage, sheep, environment, coliforms
17
Adhikari, Niran, and Krishna P. Acharya. "Effectiveness of Bacteriophage Therapy in Field Conditions and Possible Future Applications." Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology 21, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 364–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389201021666191217111156.
Анотація:
Background: Bacteriophages are viruses, which are obligate parasites of specific bacteria for the completion of their lifecycle. Bacteriophages could be the possible alternative to antibioticresistant bacterial diseases. With this objective, extensive research in different fields is published which are discussed in this article. Results: After a review of bacteriophage therapy, bacteriophages were found to be effective against the multidrug-resistant bacteria individually or synergistically with antibiotics. They were found to be more effective, even better than the bacteria in the development of a vaccine. Conclusion: Thus, bacteriophage therapy offers promising alternatives in the treatment of antibioticresistant bacteria in different fields. However, their effectiveness is determined by a triad of bacteriophages (type & quantity), host (bacteria) and environmental factors.
18
Nishiyama, Hiroki, Hisashi Endo, Romain Blanc-Mathieu, and Hiroyuki Ogata. "Ecological Structuring of Temperate Bacteriophages in the Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Affected Gut." Microorganisms 8, no. 11 (October 27, 2020): 1663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8111663.
Анотація:
The aim of this study was to elucidate the ecological structure of the human gut temperate bacteriophage community and its role in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Temperate bacteriophages make up a large proportion of the human gut microbiota and are likely to play a role in IBD pathogenesis. However, many of these bacteriophages await characterization in reference databases. Therefore, we conducted a large-scale reconstruction of temperate bacteriophage and bacterial genomes from the whole-metagenome sequence data generated by the IBD Multi’omics Database project. By associating phages with their hosts via genome comparisons, we found that temperate bacteriophages infect a phylogenetically wide range of bacteria. The majority of variance in bacteriophage community composition was explained by variation among individuals, but differences in the abundance of temperate bacteriophages were identified between IBD and non-IBD patients. Of note, in active ulcerative colitis patients, temperate bacteriophages infecting Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron—two species experimentally proven to be beneficial to gut homeostasis—were over-represented, whereas their hosts were under-represented in comparison with non-IBD patients. Supporting the mounting evidence that gut viral community plays a vital role in IBD, our results show potential association between temperate bacteriophages and IBD pathogenesis.
19
Roseline, Felicia, Diana Elizabeth Waturangi, and Yogiara Y. "ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION, AND APPLICATION OF BACTERIOPHAGES AGAINST SEVERAL FOOD SPOILAGE BACTERIA: Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus cereus, AND Shewanella Putrefaciens." Bacterial Empire 4, no. 2 (April 13, 2021): e263. http://dx.doi.org/10.36547/be.263.
Анотація:
Introduction: Bacteriophages can be the natural alternative method to prevent food spoilage caused by bacteria. This research was conducted to isolate bacteriophages from a soil sample, retail food, and wastewater from fish and then the bacteriophages will be characterized for their activity against several food spoilage bacteria, such as Bacillus cereus, Bacillus subtilis, and Shewanella putrefaciens and will be further investigated for application as food preservation. Experimental: B. cereus (Atma Jaya culture collection), B. subtilis ATCC 6633, and S. putrefaciens ATCC 8071 were used for bacteriophage isolation. Food samples (rice, pasta, tofu, tempeh), soil samples (black soil and laterite), and wastewater sample of freshwater fish and seawater fish were used in this research. The overall process consists of eight steps: inoculum preparation, sample collection, bacteriophage isolation, purification and enrichment, titer determination, host range determination, the efficiency of plating (EOP), and bacteriophage application. Results: A total of four bacteriophages were isolated with B. cereus, B. subtilis, and S. putrefaciens as host bacteria. Bacteriophage titers observed around 109 PFU mL-1. Bacteriophages that isolated with B. cereus and B. subtilis as host bacteria tend to have high EOP with the same species bacteria. All the Bacillus phages (S1-BC, S2-BC, and S1-BS) can reduce the Bacillus species bacteria concentration for more than 90%. Conclusion: Refers to their activity, the isolated bacteriophages in this study might have a great prospect to be used as food biocontrol and also can be further tested to make a phage cocktail.
20
Kurtböke, İpek, Nina Chanishvili, and Jeremy J. Barr. "Bacteriophages." Microbiology Australia 40, no. 1 (2019): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma19002.
Анотація:
In order to avoid a return to the pre-antibiotic era, alternative treatments to combat microbial diseases are urgently needed. In this context, bacteriophages, which have been used effectively in distant parts of the world during the cold war era, are now gaining significant interest in the West. This special issue of the Microbiology Australia thus focusses on bacteriophages with contributions from Australia and from the members of the Expert round table on acceptance and re-implementation of bacteriophage therapy.
21
Rai, Akanksha, and Krishna Khairnar. "Initial Survey of Staphylococcus Bacteriophages and Simple Modifications in the Enrichment Method for Enhancing Plaques." Research Journal of Biotechnology 17, no. 7 (June 25, 2022): 130–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/1707rjbt1300133.
Анотація:
Isolation of bacteriophages against Staphylococcus aureus is difficult when compared to the bacteriophages of other genera. We did a preliminary survey for the presence of bacteriophages of S. aureus and Escherichia coli in the environmental water samples. We did not get bacteriophages against S. aureus, but bacteriophages against E. coli were ample. Subsequently, a river-water sample was taken and through the enrichment method with some modifications, we got a bacteriophage against a methicillin-resistant S. aureus. Here, we are reporting simple changes in the enrichment method to enhance plaques that have an extremely tiny and turbid morphology. This can be useful for researchers facing difficulty in finding lytic bacteriophages from water samples.
22
Kharaeva, Z. F., M. Sh Mustafaev, L. Z. Blieva, E. B. Barokova, S. M. Mustafaeva, and S. A. Dyshekova. "Evaluation of sensitivity to bacteriophages of strains isolated from children with congenital malformations of the maxillofacial region." REPORTS ADYGE (CIRCASSIAN) INTERNATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES 20, no. 1 (2020): 40–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.47928/1726-9946-2020-20-1-40-45.
Анотація:
Bacteriophage are used in clinical practice along with antibiotics. It is known that in many cases phage drugs are superior to other antibacterial drugs in their activity against antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Bacteriophages do not cause toxic or allergic side effects and have no contraindications.The use of bacteriophage preparations stimulates the activation of adaptive and innate immune factors, so phage therapy is particularly effective in the treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases against the background of immunosuppressive States. Bacteriophages do not interfere with the implementation of the therapeutic effect of other drugs (antibiotics, probiotics, synbiotics) and are not sensitive to their effects. The paper evaluates the sensitivity of different types of staphylococci and streptococci to specific bacteriophages, as well as to sextaphage - polyvalent piobacteriophage. In the course of research, it was found that bacterial cultures of Staphylococcus aureus showed a fairly high sensitivity to sextaphage, to which 83,3% (10 strains) of the total number of studied strains of this species were susceptible. Sensitivity to bacteriophages in Staphylococcus epidermidis strains was low. Bacterial strains of Streptococcus pyogenes showed greater susceptibility to streptococcal phage than to sextaphage. 87,5% of the strains were susceptible to streptococcal bacteriophage. Bacterial cultures of Streptococcus salivarius showed moderate susceptibility to bacteriophages.
23
Monarchovich, M. A., O. A. Galaburda, A. A. Arashkova, N. V. Sverchkova, and E. I. Kolomiets. "ISOLATION AND CHARACTERISTICS OF BACTERIOPHAGES SANITARY-INDICATIVE MICROORGANISMS." Eurasian Journal of Applied Biotechnology, no. 2 (July 9, 2022): 25–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.11134/btp.2.2022.4.
Анотація:
Isolated phages showed activity toward opportunistic and pathogenic bacteria of genera Escherichia (K3P1, K3P2, BIM BV-44 D) and Pseudomonas (PsP1), formed lysis zones shaped as negative homogeneous colonies with a clear-cut even edge (K3P1, PsP1, BIM BV -44 D), or negative colonies with a peripheral zone of partial lysis (K3P2). The diameter of phage plaques varied from 0,5–1,5 mm. Lytic activity spectrum of phage isolates was investigated. It was found that the studied bacteriophages displayed species specificity. Bacteriophages K3P1, K3P2 were distinguished by the highest lytic range. Differences in the isolated bacteriophages according to restriction profiles were revealed. Bacteriophage distinctions in restriction profiles were revealed. Interaction of bacteriophages with cells of bacteria of E. coli and Ps. aeruginosa was explored. The tested bacteriophage strains demonstrating lytic activity toward sanitary-indicative bacterial species may find use as disinfectants in detergents.
24
Sjahriani, Tessa, Eddy Bagus Wasito, and Wiwiek Tyasningsih. "Isolation and Identification of Escherichia coli O157:H7 Lytic Bacteriophage from Environment Sewage." International Journal of Food Science 2021 (August 11, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/7383121.
Анотація:
Escherichia coli O157:H7 is one of the pathogenic bacteria causing foodborne disease. The use of lytic bacteriophages can be a good solution to overcome the disease. This study is aimed at isolating lytic bacteriophages from environmental sewage with E. coli O157:H7 bacterial cells. The sample used in this study was eight bacteriophages, and the technique used in identifying E. coli O157:H7 carriers of the stx1 and stx2 genes was PCR. The double layer plaque technique was used to classify bacteriophages. Plaque morphology, host specificity, and electron micrograph were used to identify the bacteriophages. The result obtained plaque morphology as a clear zone with the largest diameter size of 3.5 mm. Lytic bacteriophage could infect E. coli O157:H7 at the highest titer of 10 × 10 8 PFU / mL . Bacteriophages have been identified as Siphoviridae and Myoviridae. Phage 3, phage 4, and phage 8 could infect Atypical Diarrheagenic E. coli 1 (aDEC1) due to their host specificity. The Friedman statistical tests indicate that lytic bacteriophage can significantly lyse E. coli O157:H7 ( p = 0.012 ). The lysis of E. coli O157:H7 by phage 1, phage 2, phage 3, and phage 5 bacteriophages was statistically significant, according to Conover’s posthoc test ( p < 0.05 ). The conclusion obtained from this study is that lytic bacteriophages from environmental sewage could lyse E. coli O157:H7. Therefore, it could be an alternative biocontrol agent against E. coli O157:H7 that contaminates food causing foodborne disease.
25
Baqer, Abeer Ameen, Kokxin Fang, Norfarhan Mohd-Assaad, Siti Noor Adnalizawati Adnan, and Norefrina Shafinaz Md Md Nor. "In Vitro Activity, Stability and Molecular Characterization of Eight Potent Bacteriophages Infecting Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Pneumoniae." Viruses 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010117.
Анотація:
Background: Members of the genus Klebsiella are among the leading microbial pathogens associated with nosocomial infection. The increased incidence of antimicrobial resistance in these species has propelled the need for alternate/combination therapeutic regimens to aid clinical treatment, including bacteriophage therapy. Bacteriophages are considered very safe and effective in treating bacterial infections. In this study, we characterize eight lytic bacteriophages that were previously isolated by our team against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae. Methods: The one-step-growth curves, stability and lytic ability of eight bacteriophages were characterized. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) typing analysis and protein profiling were used to characterize the microbes at the molecular level. Phylogenetic trees of four important proteins were constructed for the two selected bacteriophages. Results and conclusions: All eight bacteriophages showed high efficiency for reducing bacterial concentration with high stability under different physical and chemical conditions. We found four major protein bands out of at least ten 15–190 KDa bands that were clearly separated by SDS-PAGE, which were assumed to be the major head and tail proteins. The genomes were found to be dsDNA, with sizes of approximately 36–87 Kb. All bacteriophages reduced the optical density of the planktonic K. pneumoniae abruptly, indicating great potential to reduce K. pneumoniae infection. In this study, we have found that tail fiber protein can further distinguished closely related bacteriophages. The characterised bacteriophages showed promising potential as candidates against carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae via bacteriophage therapy.
26
OTTER, JONATHAN A., and ANDREA BUDDE-NIEKIEL. "Hydrogen Peroxide Vapor: A Novel Method for the Environmental Control of Lactococcal Bacteriophage†." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 2 (February 1, 2009): 412–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.2.412.
Анотація:
Bacteriophage contamination can be problematic, especially in industrial settings. We examined the in vitro efficacy of hydrogen peroxide vapor (HPV) for the inactivation of two lactococcal bacteriophages dried onto stainless steel discs. A more than 6-log reduction was achieved on both bacteriophages compared with unexposed controls by 50 min of HPV exposure in an isolator. HPV might be useful for the environmental control of bacteriophages.
27
Doore, Sarah M., Jason R. Schrad, William F. Dean, John A. Dover, and Kristin N. Parent. "ShigellaPhages Isolated during a Dysentery Outbreak Reveal Uncommon Structures and Broad Species Diversity." Journal of Virology 92, no. 8 (February 7, 2018): e02117-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.02117-17.
Анотація:
ABSTRACTIn 2016, Michigan experienced the largest outbreak of shigellosis, a type of bacillary dysentery caused byShigellaspp., since 1988. Following this outbreak, we isolated 16 novelShigella-infecting bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) from environmental water sources. Most well-known bacteriophages infect the common laboratory speciesEscherichia coliandSalmonella enterica, and these phages have built the foundation of molecular and bacteriophage biology. Until now, comparatively few bacteriophages were known to infectShigellaspp., which are close relatives ofE. coli. We present a comprehensive analysis of these phages' host ranges, genomes, and structures, revealing genome sizes and capsid properties that are shared by very few previously described phages. After sequencing, a majority of theShigellaphages were found to have genomes of an uncommon size, shared by only 2% of all reported phage genomes. To investigate the structural implications of this unusual genome size, we used cryo-electron microscopy to resolve their capsid structures. We determined that these bacteriophage capsids have similarly uncommon geometry. Only two other viruses with this capsid structure have been described. Since most well-known bacteriophages infectEscherichiaorSalmonella, our understanding of bacteriophages has been limited to a subset of well-described systems. Continuing to isolate phages using nontraditional strains of bacteria can fill gaps that currently exist in bacteriophage biology. In addition, the prevalence ofShigellaphages during a shigellosis outbreak may suggest a potential impact of human health epidemics on local microbial communities.IMPORTANCEShigellaspp. bacteria are causative agents of dysentery and affect more than 164 million people worldwide every year. Despite the need to combat antibiotic-resistantShigellastrains, relatively fewShigella-infecting bacteriophages have been described. By specifically looking forShigella-infecting phages, this work has identified new isolates that (i) may be useful to combatShigellainfections and (ii) fill gaps in our knowledge of bacteriophage biology. The rare qualities of these new isolates emphasize the importance of isolating phages on “nontraditional” laboratory strains of bacteria to more fully understand both the basic biology and diversity of bacteriophages.
28
Gomez, Mellissa, Alexandra Szewczyk, Jake Szamosi, Vincent Leung, Carlos Filipe, and Zeinab Hosseinidoust. "Stress Exposure of Evolved Bacteriophages under Laboratory versus Food Processing Conditions Highlights Challenges in Translatability." Viruses 15, no. 1 (December 30, 2022): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v15010113.
Анотація:
Bacterial viruses, or bacteriophages, are highly potent, target-specific antimicrobials. Bacteriophages can be safely applied along the food production chain to aid control of foodborne pathogens. However, bacteriophages are often sensitive to the environments encountered in food matrices and under processing conditions, thus limiting their applicability. We sought to address this challenge by exposing commercially available Listeria monocytogenes bacteriophage, P100, to three stress conditions: desiccation, elevated temperature, and low pH, to select for stress-resistant bacteriophages. The stressed bacteriophage populations lost up to 5.1 log10 in infectivity; however, the surviving subpopulation retained their stress-resistant phenotype through five passages with a maximum of 2.0 log10 loss in infectivity when exposed to the same stressor. Sequencing identified key mutation regions but did not reveal a clear mechanism of resistance. The stress-selected bacteriophage populations effectively suppressed L. monocytogenes growth at a modest multiplicity of infection of 0.35–0.43, indicating no trade-off in lytic ability in return for improved survivability. The stressed subpopulations were tested for survival on food grade stainless steel, during milk pasteurization, and within acidic beverages. Interestingly, air drying on stainless steel and pasteurization in milk led to significantly less stress and titer loss in bacteriophage compared to similar stress under model lab conditions. This led to a diminished benefit for stress-selection, thus highlighting a major challenge in real-life translatability of bacteriophage adaptational evolution.
29
Jamaledin, Rezvan, Rossella Sartorius, Concetta Di Natale, Raffaele Vecchione, Piergiuseppe De Berardinis, and Paolo Antonio Netti. "Recombinant Filamentous Bacteriophages Encapsulated in Biodegradable Polymeric Microparticles for Stimulation of Innate and Adaptive Immune Responses." Microorganisms 8, no. 5 (April 29, 2020): 650. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/microorganisms8050650.
Анотація:
Escherichia coli filamentous bacteriophages (M13, f1, or fd) have attracted tremendous attention from vaccinologists as a promising immunogenic carrier and vaccine delivery vehicle with vast possible applications in the development of vaccines. The use of fd bacteriophage as an antigen delivery system is based on a modification of bacteriophage display technology. In particular, it is designed to express multiple copies of exogenous peptides (or polypeptides) covalently linked to viral capsid proteins. This study for the first time proposes the use of microparticles (MPs) made of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) to encapsulate fd bacteriophage. Bacteriophage–PLGA MPs were synthesized by a water in oil in water (w1/o/w2) emulsion technique, and their morphological properties were analyzed by confocal and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Moreover, phage integrity, encapsulation efficiency, and release were investigated. Using recombinant bacteriophages expressing the ovalbumin (OVA) antigenic determinant, we demonstrated the immunogenicity of the encapsulated bacteriophage after being released by MPs. Our results reveal that encapsulated bacteriophages are stable and retain their immunogenic properties. Bacteriophage-encapsulated PLGA microparticles may thus represent an important tool for the development of different bacteriophage-based vaccine platforms.
30
Lisa Navitasari, Tri Joko, Rudi Hari Murti, and Triwidodo Arwiyanto. "Aplikasi Actinomycetes dan Bakteriofag pada Tomat Sambung untuk Mengendalikan Penyakit Layu Bakteri Ralstonia solanacearum dan Meningkatkan Hasil Buah." Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Indonesia 27, no. 4 (October 7, 2022): 521–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18343/jipi.27.4.527.
Анотація:
Ralstonia solanacearum (Smith) is a soil-borne pathogen that causes bacterial wilt disease and is a complex species in races, biovars, phylotypes, and strains of various pathogenicities. As a result, the pathogen is difficult to control. An alternative control is by applying actinomycetes and bacteriophages on tomato grafted with resistant rootstock. This study aims to find the best combination in controlling bacterial wilt disease among grafted tomato plants and/or actinomycetes and/or bacteriophage treatments to increase yields. The graftings were between Amelia (East West, Indonesia) or H7996 (AVRDC) as rootstocks, and Servo (East West, Indonesia) as the susceptible scion. The grafting used the tube method, and the experimental design was a randomized completely block design with the grafted plants treated by actinomycetes and/or bacteriophages with three replications. The results indicated that actinomycetes application on plants grafted with Amelia rootstock or H7996 and the application of bacteriophages on susceptible varieties (Servo) could be the best alternative treatment in controlling the bacterial wilt disease. The susceptible varieties with the actinomycetes or bacteriophages application could even increase fruit yields higher than the grafted tomatoes treated with actinomycetes or bacteriophages. In fact, the susceptible tomato varieties with bacteriophage treatment showed high fruit yield.
Keywords: actinomycetes, bacteriophages, bacterial wilt disease, fruit yield, Ralstonia solanacearum
31
Sturino, Joseph M., and Todd R. Klaenhammer. "Expression of Antisense RNA Targeted against Streptococcus thermophilus Bacteriophages." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 68, no. 2 (February 2002): 588–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.68.2.588-596.2002.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Antisense RNA complementary to a putative helicase gene (hel3.1) of a cos-type Streptococcus thermophilus bacteriophage was used to impede the proliferation of a number of cos-type S. thermophilus bacteriophages and one pac-type bacteriophage. The putative helicase gene is a component of the Sfi21-type DNA replication module, which is found in a majority of the S. thermophilus bacteriophages of industrial importance. All bacteriophages that strongly hybridized a 689-bp internal hel3.1 probe were sensitive to the expression of antisense hel3.1 RNA. A 40 to 70% reduction in efficiency of plaquing (EOP) was consistently observed, with a concomitant decrease in plaque size relative to that of the S. thermophilus parental strain. When progeny were released, the burst size was reduced. Growth curves of S. thermophilus NCK1125, in the presence of variable levels of bacteriophage κ3, showed that antisense hel3.1 conferred protection, even at a multiplicity of infection of approximately 1.0. When the hel3.1 antisense RNA cassette was expressed in cis from the κ3-derived phage-encoded resistance (PER) plasmid pTRK690::ori3.1, the EOP for bacteriophages sensitive to PER and antisense targeting was reduced to between 10−7 and 10−8, beyond the resistance conferred by the PER element alone (less than 10−6). These results illustrate the first successful applications of antisense RNA and explosive delivery of antisense RNA to inhibit the proliferation of S. thermophilus bacteriophages.
32
Connerton, P. L., C. M. Loc Carrillo, C. Swift, E. Dillon, A. Scott, C. E. D. Rees, C. E. R. Dodd, J. Frost, and I. F. Connerton. "Longitudinal Study of Campylobacter jejuni Bacteriophages and Their Hosts from Broiler Chickens." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 70, no. 7 (July 2004): 3877–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.70.7.3877-3883.2004.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT A longitudinal study of bacteriophages and their hosts was carried out at a broiler house that had been identified as having a population of Campylobacter-specific bacteriophages. Cloacal and excreta samples were collected from three successive broiler flocks reared in the same barn. Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from each flock, whereas bacteriophages could be isolated from flocks 1 and 2 but were not isolated from flock 3. The bacteriophages isolated from flocks 1 and 2 were closely related to each other in terms of host range, morphology, genome size, and genetic content. All Campylobacter isolates from flock 1 were genotypically indistinguishable by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). PFGE and multilocus sequence typing indicated that this C. jejuni type was maintained from flock 1 to flock 2 but was largely superseded by three genetically distinct C. jejuni types insensitive to the resident bacteriophages. All isolates from the third batch of birds were insensitive to bacteriophages and genotypically distinct. These results are significant because this is the first study of an environmental population of C. jejuni bacteriophages and their influence on the Campylobacter populations of broiler house chickens. The role of developing bacteriophage resistance was investigated as this is a possible obstacle to the use of bacteriophage therapy to reduce the numbers of campylobacters in chickens. In this broiler house succession was largely due to incursion of new genotypes rather than to de novo development of resistance.
33
Farmehr, P. "Phage therapy is an important replacement for the antibiotic resistance." Pakistan Journal of Medical and Health Sciences 15, no. 5 (May 30, 2021): 1236–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53350/pjmhs211551236.
Анотація:
Antibiotic resistance has become a significant and growing threat to public and environmental health. The emergence of multiple drug-resistant bacteria has prompted interest in alternatives to conventional antimicrobial. One of the possible replacement options for antibiotics is the use of bacteriophages as antimicrobial. We were forced to look for a new approach in treatment. Phage therapy is an important alternative antibiotic in the current of drug-resistance pathogens. In this way, poisoning bacteria bacteriophage bacteria infect and replicate in bacteria, in this therapy, identify the type of virus per person and can be targeted manipulation of harmful bacteria and then returned the person and invented phage therapy. We discuss the advantages and disadvantages of bacteriophages as therapeutic agents in this regard. And so describe a brief history of bacteriophages and clinical studies on their use in bacterial disease. Much hope is placed in genetic modifications of bacteriophages prevents the development of phage-resistant bacteria. Keywords: antibiotic resistance‚ bacteriophage, phage therapy
34
Schrader, Holly S., John O. Schrader, Jeremy J. Walker, Thomas A. Wolf, Kenneth W. Nickerson, and Tyler A. Kokjohn. "Bacteriophage infection and multiplication occur inPseudomonas aeruginosastarved for 5 years." Canadian Journal of Microbiology 43, no. 12 (December 1, 1997): 1157–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/m97-164.
Анотація:
Bacteriophages specific for Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli were examined for their ability to multiply in stationary phase hosts. Four out of five bacteriophages tested, including E. coli bacteriophage T7M, were able to multiply in stationary phase hosts. The bacteriophage ACQ had a mean burst size of approximately 1000 in exponential phase P. aeruginosa hosts and 102 in starved hosts, with corresponding latent periods that increased from 65 to 210 min. The bacteriophage UT1 had a mean burst size of approximately 211 in exponential phase P. aeruginosa hosts and 11 in starved hosts, with latent periods that increased from a mean of 90 min in exponential phase hosts to 165 min in starved hosts. Bacteriophage multiplication occurred whether or not the hosts had entered stationary phase, either because the cultures had been incubated for 24 h or were starved. Significantly, bacteriophage multiplication occurred in P. aeruginosa, which had been starved for periods of 24 h, several weeks, or 5 years. Only one P. aeruginosa virus, BLB, was found to be incapable of multiplication in stationary phase hosts. These results reveal that starvation does not offer bacterial hosts refuge from bacteriophage infection and suggest that bacteriophages will be responsible for significant bacterial mortality in most natural ecosystems.Key words: bacteriophage multiplication, stationary phase, starvation.
35
Hervé, C., A. Coste, A. Rouault, J. M. Fraslin, and M. Gautier. "First Evidence of Lysogeny inPropionibacterium freudenreichii subsp.shermanii." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 231–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.1.231-238.2001.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT Dairy propionic acid bacteria, particularly the speciesPropionibacterium freudenreichii, play a major role in the ripening of Swiss type cheese. Isometric and filamentous bacteriophages infecting P. freudenreichii have previously been isolated from cheese. In order to determine the origin of these bacteriophages, lysogeny of P. freudenreichii was determined by isometric bacteriophage type analysis. The genomic DNA of 76 strains were hybridized with the DNA of nine bacteriophages isolated from Swiss type cheeses, and the DNA of 25 strains exhibited strong hybridization. Three of these strains released bacteriophage particules following UV irradiation (254 nm) or treatment with low concentrations of mitomycin C. A prophage-cured derivative of P. freudenreichii was readily isolated and subsequently relysogenized. Lysogeny was therefore formally demonstrated in P. freudenreichii.
36
Brentlinger, Karie L., Susan Hafenstein, Christopher R. Novak, Bentley A. Fane, Robert Borgon, Robert McKenna та Mavis Agbandje-McKenna. "Microviridae, a Family Divided: Isolation, Characterization, and Genome Sequence of φMH2K, a Bacteriophage of the Obligate Intracellular Parasitic Bacterium Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus". Journal of Bacteriology 184, № 4 (15 лютого 2002): 1089–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jb.184.4.1089-1094.2002.
Анотація:
ABSTRACT A novel single-stranded DNA phage, φMH2K, of Bdellovibrio bacteriovorus was isolated, characterized, and sequenced. This phage is a member of the Microviridae, a family typified by bacteriophage φX174. Although B. bacteriovorus and Escherichia coli are both classified as proteobacteria, φMH2K is only distantly related to φX174. Instead, φMH2K exhibits an extremely close relationship to the Microviridae of Chlamydia in both genome organization and encoded proteins. Unlike the double-stranded DNA bacteriophages, for which a wide spectrum of diversity has been observed, the single-stranded icosahedral bacteriophages appear to fall into two distinct subfamilies. These observations suggest that the mechanisms driving single-stranded DNA bacteriophage evolution are inherently different from those driving the evolution of the double-stranded bacteriophages.
37
Safarova, Z. G. "Structure and classification of bacteriophages." NATURE AND SCIENCE 03, no. 04 (October 27, 2020): 56–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2707-1146/04/56-58.
Анотація:
After the discovery of the phenomena of bacteriophagy, D'Herelle developed the doctrine that bacteriophages of pathogenic bacteria, being their parasites, play an important role in the pathogenesis of infections, ensuring the recovery of a sick organism, and then creating specific immunity. This situation attracted the attention of many researchers to the phenomenon of bacteriophagy, who expected to find in phages an important means of combating the most dangerous infectious diseases of humans and animals. Key words: viruses, bacteriophages, bacteria, cells
38
Rapala, Jackson, Brenda Miller, Maximiliano Garcia, Megan Dolan, Matthew Bockman, Mats Hansson, Daniel A. Russell, et al. "Genomic diversity of bacteriophages infecting Rhodobacter capsulatus and their relatedness to its gene transfer agent RcGTA." PLOS ONE 16, no. 11 (November 18, 2021): e0255262. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255262.
Анотація:
The diversity of bacteriophages is likely unparalleled in the biome due to the immense variety of hosts and the multitude of viruses that infect them. Recent efforts have led to description at the genomic level of numerous bacteriophages that infect the Actinobacteria, but relatively little is known about those infecting other prokaryotic phyla, such as the purple non-sulfur photosynthetic α-proteobacterium Rhodobacter capsulatus. This species is a common inhabitant of freshwater ecosystems and has been an important model system for the study of photosynthesis. Additionally, it is notable for its utilization of a unique form of horizontal gene transfer via a bacteriophage-like element known as the gene transfer agent (RcGTA). Only three bacteriophages of R. capsulatus had been sequenced prior to this report. Isolation and characterization at the genomic level of 26 new bacteriophages infecting this host advances the understanding of bacteriophage diversity and the origins of RcGTA. These newly discovered isolates can be grouped along with three that were previously sequenced to form six clusters with four remaining as single representatives. These bacteriophages share genes with RcGTA that seem to be related to host recognition. One isolate was found to cause lysis of a marine bacterium when exposed to high-titer lysate. Although some clusters are more highly represented in the sequenced genomes, it is evident that many more bacteriophage types that infect R. capsulatus are likely to be found in the future.
39
Stipniece, Liga, Dace Rezevska, Juta Kroica, and Karlis Racenis. "Effect of the Biopolymer Carrier on Staphylococcus aureus Bacteriophage Lytic Activity." Biomolecules 12, no. 12 (December 14, 2022): 1875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom12121875.
Анотація:
The use of implant materials is always associated with the risk of infection. Moreover, the effectiveness of antibiotics is reduced due to antibiotic-resistant pathogens. Thus, selecting the appropriate alternative antimicrobials for local delivery systems is correlated with successful infection management. We evaluated immobilization of the S. aureus specific bacteriophages in clinically recognized biopolymers, i.e., chitosan and alginate, to control the release profile of the antimicrobials. The high-titre S. aureus specific bacteriophages were prepared from commercial bacteriophage cocktails. The polymer mixtures with the propagated bacteriophages were then prepared. The stability of the S. aureus bacteriophages in the biopolymer solutions was assessed. In the case of chitosan, no plaques indicating the presence of the lytic bacteriophages were observed. The titre reduction of the S. aureus bacteriophages in the Na-alginate was below 1 log unit. Furthermore, the bacteriophages retained their lytic activity in the alginate after crosslinking with Ca2+ ions. The release of the lytic S. aureus bacteriophages from the Ca-alginate matrices in the TRIS-HCl buffer solution (pH 7.4 ± 0.2) was determined. After 72 h—0.292 ± 0.021% of bacteriophages from the Ca-alginate matrices were released. Thus, sustained release of the lytic S. aureus bacteriophages can be ensured.
40
Weckmann, Andreas, and Christian Egler. "Utilization of Bacteriophages as Molecular Label." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 8, no. 8 (August 1, 2008): 3988–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2008.18346.
Анотація:
We proof that nanomaterials can be successfully marked with relatively small amounts of purified bacteriophages acting as a molecular bar code label. Bacteriophages are DNA protected by a proteinous hull. The DNA fraction of the bacteriophages particle offers a nearly unlimited potential to encode information into the label. The information included in the molecular label can be read using PCR driven amplification. We show, how bacteriophage particles are easily applied to label a nanoscaled bulk material e.g., multi walled carbon nanotubes.
41
Kowalska, Justyna D., Joanna Kazimierczak, Patrycja M. Sowińska, Ewelina A. Wójcik, Andrzej K. Siwicki, and Jarosław Dastych. "Growing Trend of Fighting Infections in Aquaculture Environment—Opportunities and Challenges of Phage Therapy." Antibiotics 9, no. 6 (June 4, 2020): 301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics9060301.
Анотація:
Phage therapy, a promising alternative to antimicrobial treatment of bacterial diseases, is getting more and more popular, especially due to the rising awareness of antibiotic resistance and restrictions in antibiotics’ use. During recent years, we observed a growing trend of bacteriophages’ application in aquaculture, which in each year reports high losses due to bacterial diseases. This review provides an update of the status of bacteriophage therapy for the treatment and prevention of infections in the aquatic environment. As it is still mostly in the scientific stage, there are a few constraints that may prevent effective therapy. Therefore, specific characteristics of bacteriophages, that can act in favor or against their successful use in treatment, were described. We underlined aspects that need to be considered: specificity of phages, bacterial resistance, safety, immune response of the host organism, formulation, administration and stability of phage preparations as well as bacteriophages’ influence on the environment. The biggest challenge to overcome is finding the right balance between the desired and problematic characteristics of bacteriophages. Finally, regulatory approval challenges may be encountered by bacteriophage manufacturers. Even though there are still some technical constraints connected with the global use of bacteriophage therapy, it was concluded that it can be successfully applied in aquaculture.
42
Schubert, Christina, Sabina Fischer, Kathrin Dorsch, Lutz Teßmer, Jörg Hinrichs, and Zeynep Atamer. "Microencapsulation of Bacteriophages for the Delivery to and Modulation of the Human Gut Microbiota through Milk and Cereal Products." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (June 21, 2022): 6299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136299.
Анотація:
There is a bidirectional interaction between the gut microbiota and human health status. Disturbance of the microbiota increases the risk of pathogen infections and other diseases. The use of bacteriophages as antibacterial therapy or prophylaxis is intended to counteract intestinal disorders. To deliver bacteriophages unharmed into the gut, they must be protected from acidic conditions in the stomach. Therefore, an encapsulation method based on in situ complexation of alginate (2%), calcium ions (0.5%), and milk proteins (1%) by spray drying was investigated. Powdered capsules with particle sizes of ~10 µm and bacteriophage K5 titers of ~108 plaque forming units (pfu) g−1 were obtained. They protected the bacteriophages from acid (pH 2.5) in the stomach for 2 h and released them within 30 min under intestinal conditions (in vitro). There was no loss of viability during storage over two months (4 °C). Instead of consuming bacteriophage capsules in pure form (i.e., as powder/tablets), they could be inserted into food matrices, as exemplary shown in this study using cereal cookies as a semi-solid food matrix. By consuming bacteriophages in combination with probiotic organisms (e.g., via yoghurt with cereal cookies), probiotics could directly repopulate the niches generated by bacteriophages and, thus, contribute to a healthier life.
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Sanmukh, Swapnil Ganesh, Nilton J. Santos, Caroline Nascimento Barquilha, Sérgio Alexandre Alcantara dos Santos, Bruno Oliveira Silva Duran, Flávia Karina Delella, Andrei Moroz, Luis Antonio Justulin, Hernandes F. Carvalho, and Sérgio Luis Felisbino. "Exposure to Bacteriophages T4 and M13 Increases Integrin Gene Expression and Impairs Migration of Human PC-3 Prostate Cancer Cells." Antibiotics 10, no. 10 (October 3, 2021): 1202. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10101202.
Анотація:
The interaction between bacteriophages and integrins has been reported in different cancer cell lines, and efforts have been undertaken to understand these interactions in tumor cells along with their possible role in gene alterations, with the aim to develop new cancer therapies. Here, we report that the non-specific interaction of T4 and M13 bacteriophages with human PC-3 cells results in differential migration and varied expression of different integrins. PC-3 tumor cells (at 70% confluence) were exposed to 1 × 107 pfu/mL of either lytic T4 bacteriophage or filamentous M13 bacteriophage. After 24 h of exposure, cells were processed for a histochemical analysis, wound-healing migration assay, and gene expression profile using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). qPCR was performed to analyze the expression profiles of integrins ITGAV, ITGA5, ITGB1, ITGB3, and ITGB5. Our findings revealed that PC-3 cells interacted with T4 and M13 bacteriophages, with significant upregulation of ITGAV, ITGA5, ITGB3, ITGB5 genes after phage exposure. PC-3 cells also exhibited reduced migration activity when exposed to either T4 or M13 phages. These results suggest that wildtype bacteriophages interact non-specifically with PC-3 cells, thereby modulating the expression of integrin genes and affecting cell migration. Therefore, bacteriophages have future potential applications in anticancer therapies.
44
Armon, R., and Y. Kott. "Distribution comparison between coliphages and phages of anaerobic bacteria (Bacteroides fragilis) in water sources, and their reliability as fecal pollution indicators in drinking water." Water Science and Technology 31, no. 5-6 (March 1, 1995): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1995.0607.
Анотація:
E. coli somatic and male specific bacteriophages and Bacteroides fragilis bacteriophages had been surveyed in drinking water for three years. Concurrently, coliforms and fecal coliforms bacteria were also measured. Occasionally several large drinking water volumes were tested for enteric viruses and the above bacteriophages. Sampling site cluster shows good correlation between bacteriophages and bacterial indicators, as pollution index. Water from the three main supply sources showed increased bacteriophage presence as follows: well > lake >spring. Mixture of the three water supplies revealed different contamination frequency. Bacteriophages' presence in drinking water presumably points to contamination of these sources. Results of a different study on groundwater aquifer recharged with reused water, and retained for more than 20 months before being drawn out, showed absence of these bacteriophages. The current results correlate with other studies, indicating that filtration is a necessary step in water treatment. With the introduction of full scale filtration units in the near future, it is expected to find a decline in the presence of these bacteriophages in drinking water in Israel. Following additional studies, use of suggested E. coli bacteriophages of type male-specific (F+) similar to coliforms and B.fragilis bacteriophages to fecal coliforms as pollution index of drinking water, in addition to classical indicators.
45
Bagandova, K. M., E. R. Zulkarneev, I. A. Kiseleva, T. E. Mizaeva, A. M. Vorobev, O. G. Efimova, M. P. Medvedovskaya, M. A. Pasivkina, and A. V. Aleshkin. "Genetically modified bacteriophages creating for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug resistant bacteria (review)." Fundamental and Clinical Medicine 7, no. 3 (September 30, 2022): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.23946/2500-0764-2022-7-3-54-63.
Анотація:
Antibiotic resistance represents an urgent and unresolved issue due to a rapid spread of multidrug-resistance organisms (MDROs). An alternative approach is the medical use of bacteriophages which have selective and lytic activity against specific bacterial strains, in contrast to broad-spectrum antibiotics. Isolation of bacteriophages is a multi-step, tedious, and labour-intensive technique, and physiology of various bacteriophages has been vaguely studied. These drawbacks hamper the flow production of bacteriophage preparations and require a stringent quality control. Here, we review the existing literature on genetically modified bacteriophages, in particular studies which examined efficacy of such bacteriophages for the treatment of multidrug-resistant infections. Genetically modified bacteriophages showed high efficiency in patients with multidrug-resistant infections applied either as a main treatment modality or as an adjuvant therapy added to the antibiotic treatment protocols. The key advantage of genetically modified bacteriophages is broader and higher lytic activity, as they can target antibiotic resistance genes such as efflux pumps, and low immunogenicity which delays their elimination by immune cells. We propose that genetically modified bacteriophages are able to overcome the shortcomings of natural bacteriophages and can be implemented for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections, in particular those caused by MDROs.
46
FLANNERY, JOHN, SINÉAD KEAVENEY, and WILLIAM DORÉ. "Use of FRNA Bacteriophages To Indicate the Risk of Norovirus Contamination in Irish Oysters." Journal of Food Protection 72, no. 11 (November 1, 2009): 2358–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-72.11.2358.
Анотація:
Male-specific (F) RNA bacteriophages have been proposed as indicators for human enteric viruses in shellfish. This study compared the use of Escherichia coli and FRNA bacteriophages to indicate the presence and level of noroviruses in Crassostrea gigas. A total of 167 samples from category A and B shellfish harvesting areas were analyzed for E. coli and FRNA bacteriophages by standard methods and for noroviruses (NoV) by using a previously described real-time PCR assay. FRNA bacteriophage and NoV levels in shellfish showed a seasonal trend and were elevated during the winter period (October through March). Conversely, E. coli levels did not reflect this seasonal trend. Categorizing samples on the basis of E. coli levels according to European Union regulatory limits failed to indicate the occurrence or level of NoV in shellfish. However, by grouping shellfish samples on the basis of FRNA bacteriophage levels a clear correlation was observed with NoV levels. The use of FRNA bacteriophages to predict the occurrence of NoV in shellfish could provide improved public health protection and should be considered when developing risk management procedures for shellfisheries.
47
Connerton, P. L., A. R. Timms, and I. F. Connerton. "Campylobacter bacteriophages and bacteriophage therapy." Journal of Applied Microbiology 111, no. 2 (April 20, 2011): 255–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2672.2011.05012.x.
48
Ali, Mohammed, Shurooq Kadhim, and Ahmed Abdulamir. "EXTRACTION, PURIFICATION AND THERAPEUTIC USE OF BACTERIOPHAGE ENDOLYSIN AGAINST MULTI-DRUG RESISTANT PSEUDOMONAS AERUGINOSA: AN IN-VITRO AND IN-VIVO STUDY." Iraqi Journal of Medical Sciences 16, no. 4 (December 31, 2018): 405–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.22578/ijms.16.4.8.
Анотація:
Background: Persistent infection with multidrug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) represents a real problem for health care providers. Bacteriophage lytic enzymes or lysins are highly evolved molecules that have been specifically developed by phages to quickly and efficiently allow their progeny to be released from the host bacterium while destructing that bacterium. Objective: Isolation of endolysin from P. aeruginosa bacteriophages, and administering them systematically in vivo lab animal and measuring their therapeutic efficacy as well as evaluation of their biosafety. Methods: This study was performed from March 2015 – August 2017, during which 50 bacteriological samples of P. aeruginosa were collected, and examined for their antibiogram, then bacteriophage cocktails were done for 5 resistant strains of them. Endolysins were extracted from their corresponding bacteriophages and characterized. The enzymatic and antibacterial activities as well in vivo therapeutic efficiency of these enzymes were investigated. Results: This study showed that the extracted endolysin from these bacteriophages was effective in treating laboratory mice from bacteremia with P. aeruginosa and saving their lives when injected intraperitoneal. Conclusion: Endolysin can be extracted directly from their bacteriophages and used effectively in proper doses to treat bacteremia in mice. Keywords: Pseudomonas aeruginosa, bacteriophage, endolysin, MDR Citation: Ali MR, Kadhim SR, Abdulamir AS. Extraction, purification and therapeutic use of bacteriophage endolysin against multi-drug resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa: An in-vitro and in-vivo study. Iraqi JMS. 2018; 16(4): 405-412. doi: 10.22578/IJMS.16.4.8
49
Mannala, GK, M. Rupp, N. Walter, M. Brunotte, F. Alagboso, D. Docheva, C. Brochhausen, and V. Alt. "Microbiological and ultrastructural evaluation of bacteriophage 191219 against planktonic, intracellular and biofilm infection with Staphylococcus aureus." European Cells and Materials 43 (February 24, 2022): 66–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.22203/ecm.v043a07.
Анотація:
Infections of orthopaedic implants, such as fracture fixation devices and total-joint prostheses, are devastating complications. Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) is a predominant pathogen causing orthopaedic-implant biofilm infections that can also internalise and persist in osteoblasts, thus resisting antibiotic therapy. Bacteriophages are a promising alternative treatment approach. However, data on the activity of bacteriophages against S. aureus, especially during intracellular growth, and against in vivo biofilm formation on metals are scarce. Therefore, the present study evaluated the in vitro efficacy of S. aureus bacteriophage 191219, alone as well as in combination with gentamicin and rifampicin, to eradicate S. aureus strains in their planktonic stage, during biofilm formation and after internalisation into osteoblasts. Further, the invertebrate model organism Galleria mellonella was used to assess the activity of the bacteriophage against S. aureus biofilm on metal implants with and without antibiotics. Results demonstrated the in vitro efficacy of bacteriophage 191219 against planktonic S. aureus. The phage was also effective against in vitro S. aureus biofilm formation in a dose-dependent manner and against S. aureus internalised in an osteoblastic cell line. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis showed bacteriophages on S. aureus inside the osteoblasts, with the destruction of the intracellular bacteria and formation of new bacteriophages. For the Galleria mellonella infection model, single administration of phage 191219 failed to show an improvement in survival rate but appeared to show a not statistically significant enhanced effect with gentamicin or rifampicin. In summary, bacteriophages could be a potential adjuvant treatment strategy for patients with implant-associated biofilm infections.
50
Samokhin, A. G., Ju N. Kozlova, D. V. Korneev, O. S. Taranov, E. A. Fedorov, V. V. Pavlov, V. V. Morozova, and N. V. Tikunova. "Experimental study of the antibacterial activity of the lytic Staphylococcus aureus bacteriophage ph20 and lytic Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteriophage ph57 during modelling of its impregnation into poly(methylmetacrylate) orthopedic implants (bone cement)." Annals of the Russian academy of medical sciences 73, no. 1 (February 1, 2018): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.15690/vramn905.
Анотація:
Background: The problem of bacterial colonization of implants used in medical practice continues to be relevant regardless of the material of the implant. Particular attention deserves polymeric implants, which are prepared ex tempore from polymethyl methacrylate, for example - duting orthopedic surgical interventions (so-called "bone cement"). The protection of such implants by antibiotic impregnation is subjected to multiple criticisms, therefore, as an alternative to antibiotics, lytic bacteriophages with a number of unique advantages can be used - however, no experimental studies have been published on the possibility of impregnating bacteriophages into polymethyl methacrylate and their antibacterial activity assessment under such conditions.Aims: to evaluate the possibility of physical placement of bacteriophages in polymethylmethacrylate and to characterize the lytic antibacterial effect of two different strains of bacteriophages when impregnated into polymer carrier ex tempore during the polymerization process in in vitro model.Materials and methods: First stage - Atomic force microscopy (AFM) of polymethyl methacrylate samples for medical purposes was used to determine the presence and size of caverns in polymethyl methacrylate after completion of its polymerization at various reaction temperatures (+6…+25°C and +18…+50°C).The second stage was performed in vitro and included an impregnation of two different bacteriophage strains (phage ph20 active against S. aureus and ph57 active against Ps. aeruginosa) into polymethyl methacrylate during the polymerization process, followed by determination of their antibacterial activity.Results: ACM showed the possibility of bacteriophages placement in the cavities of polymethyl methacrylate - the median of the section and the depth of cavities on the outer surface of the polymer sample polymerized at +18…+50°C were 100.0 and 40.0 nm, respectively, and on the surface of the transverse cleavage of the sample - 120.0 and 100.0 nm, respectively, which statistically did not differ from the geometric dimensions of the caverns of the sample polymerized at a temperature of +6…+25°C.The study of antibacterial activity showed that the ph20 bacteriophage impregnated in polymethyl methacrylate at +6…+25°C lost its effective titer within the first six days after the start of the experiment, while the phage ph57 retained an effective titer for at least 13 days.Conclusion: the study confirmed the possibility of bacteriophages impregnation into medical grade polymethyl methacrylate, maintaining the effective titer of the bacteriophage during phage emission into the external environment, which opens the way for the possible application of this method of bacteriophage delivery in clinical practice. It is also assumed that certain bacteriophages are susceptible to aggressive influences from the chemical components of "bone cement" and / or polymerization reaction products, which requires strict selection of bacteriophage strains that could be suitable for this method of delivery.