Готові списки джерел за темами / Ball flight

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Ball flight"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 28 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Ball flight"

Ward, Matthew, Martin Passmore, Adrian Spencer, Simon Tuplin, and Andy Harland. "Characterisation of football trajectories for assessing flight performance." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 1 (May 29, 2018): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118774414.

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Анотація:

Much discussion surrounds the flight of association footballs (soccer balls), particularly where the flight may be perceived as irregular. This is particularly prevalent in high-profile competitions due to increased camera coverage and public scrutiny. All footballs do not perform in an identical manner in flight. This article develops methods to characterise the important features of flight, enabling direct, quantitative comparisons between ball designs. The system used to generate the flight paths included collection of aerodynamic force coefficient data in a wind tunnel, which were input into a flight model across a wide range of realistic conditions. Parameters were derived from these trajectories to characterise the in-flight deviations across the range of flights from which the aerodynamic performance of different balls were statistically compared. The amount of lateral movement in flight was determined by calculating the final lateral deviation from the initial shot vector. To quantify the overall shape of the flight, increasing orders of polynomial functions were fitted to the flight path until a good fit was obtained with a high-order polynomial indicating a less consistent flight. The number of inflection points in each flight was also recorded to further define the flight path. The orientation dependency of a ball was assessed by comparing the true shot to a second flight path without considering orientation-dependent forces. The difference between these flights isolated the effect of orientation-dependent aerodynamic forces. The article provides the means of quantitatively describing a ball’s aerodynamic behaviour in a defined and robust mathematical process. Conclusions were not drawn regarding which balls are good and bad; these are subjective terms and can only be analysed through comprehensive player perception studies.

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Hong, Sungchan, John Eric Goff, and Takeshi Asai. "Effect of a soccer ball’s surface texture on its aerodynamics and trajectory." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 233, no. 1 (October 9, 2018): 67–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337118794561.

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The effect of a soccer ball’s surface texture on its aerodynamics and flight trajectory is not definitively known. For this study, five soccer balls were used, each having 32 panels with different surface textures. Their aerodynamics were examined via wind-tunnel experiments and then several non-spin trajectories were calculated for each ball. The results showed that the aerodynamic forces acting on a soccer ball change significantly depending on the surface texture of the ball, which in turn influences flight trajectories. The study contributes to an understanding of how a soccer ball’s surface influences the aerodynamics, which may impact the future design and development of soccer balls.

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Hong, Sungchan, and Takeshi Asai. "Effect of Surface Groove Structure on the Aerodynamics of Soccer Balls." Applied Sciences 10, no. 17 (August 25, 2020): 5877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10175877.

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Soccer balls have undergone dramatic changes in their surface structure that can affect their aerodynamics. The properties of the soccer ball surface such as the panel shape, panel orientation, seam characteristics, and surface roughness have a significant impact on its aerodynamics and flight trajectory. In this study, we performed wind-tunnel tests to investigate how the introduction of grooves on the surface of a soccer ball affects the flight stability and aerodynamic forces on the ball. Our results show that for soccer balls without grooves, changing the panel orientation of the ball causes a significant change in the drag coefficient. Soccer balls with grooves exhibited a smaller change in air resistance (Cd) in the supercritical region (20 to 30 m/s; 3.0 × 105 ≤ Re ≤ 4.7 × 105), compared to the ungrooved ball where only the panel orientation was changed. Furthermore, at power-shot speeds (25 m/s), the grooved ball exhibited smaller variations in lift force and side force than the ungrooved ball. These results suggest that a long groove structure on the surface of the soccer ball has a significant impact on the air flow around the ball in the supercritical region, and has the effect of keeping the air flow separation line constant.

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Passmore, M. A., S. Tuplin, A. Spencer, and R. Jones. "Experimental studies of the aerodynamics of spinning and stationary footballs." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 222, no. 2 (February 1, 2008): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1243/09544062jmes655.

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Анотація:

The accurate discrimination of the aerodynamic parameters affecting the flight of sports balls is essential in the product development process. Aerodynamic studies reported to date have been limited, primarily because of the inherent difficulty of making accurate measurements on a moving or spinning ball. Manufacturers therefore generally rely on field trials to determine ball performance, but the approach is time-consuming and subject to considerable variability. The current paper describes the development of a method for mounting stationary and spinning footballs in a wind tunnel to enable accurate force data to be obtained. The technique is applied to a number of footballs with differing constructions and the results reported. Significant differences in performance are noted for both stationary and spinning balls and the importance of the ball orientation to the flow is highlighted. To put the aerodynamic data into context the results are applied in a flight model to predict the potential differences in the behaviour of each ball in the air. The aerodynamic differences are shown to have a considerable effect on the flight path and the effect of orientation is shown to be particularly significant when a ball is rotating slowly. Though the techniques reported here are applied to a football they are equally applicable to other ball types.

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Tamaru, Takehiro, Masaki Hiratsuka, and Shinichiro Ito. "Serve Ball Trajectory Characteristics of Different Volleyballs and Their Causes." Applied Sciences 11, no. 19 (October 6, 2021): 9269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11199269.

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A floater serve in volleyball is a technique of serving a non-rotating or low-rotating ball, which is difficult to return because the flight path of the ball changes irregularly. On the other hand, the randomness of the trajectory makes it difficult for the ball to fall on the target. Players are required to serve taking into account the variability of the trajectory. In previous studies using wind tunnels, it was shown that aerodynamic characteristics such as drag force and lateral force applied to the ball vary depending on the type of ball and the orientation of the panel. Therefore, in order to control the flight trajectory, it is necessary to understand the aerodynamic characteristics of each ball. Since the velocity of the ball and the fluid force applied to the ball changes during flight, it is important to measure not only the fluid force at a steady state in the wind tunnel but also the actual flight distance of the ball. In this study, to provide valuable information for precise control of floater serves, we measured the drag force applied to the ball in a wind tunnel and the flight distance of the ball using an ejection machine, and clarified the effects of the type of ball and the panel face. In the drag force measurement, the drag force on three types of balls, V200W, MVA200, and FLISTATEC, was measured in the wind speed range of 4 m/s to 30 m/s. In the ejection measurement, the ball flight distances were measured while changing the orientation of the panel using an ejection machine. Basically, the FLISTATEC, MVA200, and V200W, in that order, were more likely to increase the distance and the variability, but it was shown that the drop point could be adjusted slightly by selecting the panel face. This result was also obtained when a human player actually served the ball, indicating the tactical importance of the player consciously controlling the direction of the panel. The tactical importance of the player’s conscious control of the direction of the panel was demonstrated. We also proposed receiver positions that would be effective based on the characteristics of each ball.

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Hiratsuka, Masaki, Shinichiro Ito, Keita Miyasaka, and Akihisa Konno. "Stereo three-dimensional particle image velocimetry measurement and aerodynamic force analysis of non-spinning soccer balls." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part P: Journal of Sports Engineering and Technology 234, no. 2 (February 12, 2020): 146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754337119898355.

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A knuckle shot, resulting from non-spinning kicking, is an essential technique in soccer. The irregular flight path of the knuckle shot is caused by the aerodynamic force from the three-dimensional twin vortices generated in the wake behind the ball. However, the detailed behavior of the twin vortices and relation between the jet flow and the acting forces on the balls is still not understood. In addition, a more thorough understanding of the effect of ball panels on the formation of twin vortices and jet flow is important to develop balls with high controllability. To study the effect of the ball panel shape on the flight path, stereo three-dimensional particle image velocimetry wake flow measurements and synchronized force measurements were performed on various soccer balls. It was confirmed that the aerodynamic force on the ball is produced by the jet flow generated by the vortices in the wake flow. The directions of the force followed the changes of the jet flow, and the magnitude of the force was strongly associated with the flow rate of the jet. Moreover, the shape of the ball panels, especially the groove volume, determines the critical Reynolds number and the fluttering of the balls.

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Simha, K. R. Y., and Dhruv C. Hoysall. "Spinning ball flight under moderatewind." Resonance 13, no. 4 (April 2008): 378–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12045-008-0018-9.

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Smith, Lloyd, and Andrea Sciacchitano. "Baseball Drag Measurements in Free Flight." Applied Sciences 12, no. 3 (January 28, 2022): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12031416.

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While baseball is a popular sport with a storied history, the aerodynamic properties of the seamed sports ball are not fully understood. Reported aerodynamic baseball behaviors are primarily based on force measurements from wind tunnels. The following describes a methodology to measure baseball drag in free flight from changes in its speed. The method relies on a high accuracy ball delivery device and speed measurement system. It avoids the large infrastructure, stinger attachment and blockage effects associated with wind tunnels. In the present work, we examined the baseball drag as a function of orientation and with spin. The drag values retrieved from the proposed method are in good agreement with radar and video measurements. However, they are lower than those reported in other wind tunnel measurements, which was attributed to differences in the balls that were tested or the stinger attachment.

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Asai, Takeshi, Kaoru Kimachi, Richong Liu, Masaaki Koido, Masao Nakayama, John Eric Goff, and Sungchan Hong. "Measurements of the Flight Trajectory of a Spinning Soccer Ball and the Magnus Force Acting on It." Proceedings 49, no. 1 (June 15, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2020049088.

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The trajectory of a soccer ball, kicked with a spin to curve it into the goal, is strongly influenced by aerodynamic factors such as the Magnus force. Several studies using a wind-tunnel and high-speed cameras have investigated the Magnus force acting on a spinning soccer ball. However, the exact effect of the Magnus force on the trajectory of a spinning soccer ball in free flight remains unclear. This study set out to use an optical three-dimensional motion-capture system to record the details of the flight of such a spinning soccer ball. The maximum curvature of the ball’s trajectory occurred in the middle of its flight. The sideways-directed Magnus force acting on the ball decreased as the ball’s speed decreased during the entire flight. Thus, it was concluded that the deflection of the trajectory of the ball decreases as the sideways-acting force decreases throughout the flight.

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Javorova, Juliana, and Anastas Ivanov. "Study of soccer ball flight trajectory." MATEC Web of Conferences 145 (2018): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201814501002.

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Анотація:

In this paper the trajectories of a soccer ball for the most important kicks in the football game - a corner kick and a direct free kick are studied. The soccer ball is modelled as an ideal rigid hollow spherical body with six degrees of freedom, which performs a general motion in an immovable air environment with constant parameters. The ball 3D orientation is determined by the three Cardan angles. The aerodynamic forces and moments with which the air environment acts to the ball are taken into account. Two of the most dangerous areas of the football goal are defined. Differential equations which describe the motion of the soccer ball are solved numerically by MatLab-Simulink.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Ball flight"

Borchardt, Lars, and Sven Grätz. "Mechanochemical polymerization – controlling a polycondensation reaction between a diamine and a dialdehyde in a ball mill." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2017. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-221833.

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The mechanochemical polycondensation between a diamine and a dialdehyde constitutes a sustainable alternative to classical solvent-based polymerization reactions. This process not only allows for a higher conversion and a shorter reaction time as compared to standard solvent-based syntheses of this conjugated polymer, but the reaction can also be adjusted by the energy introduced via the ball mill.

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Borchardt, Lars, and Sven Grätz. "Mechanochemical polymerization – controlling a polycondensation reaction between a diamine and a dialdehyde in a ball mill." Royal Society of Chemistry, 2016. https://tud.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A30231.

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Linderstam, Albin. "Analytical tool for electromechanical actuators for primary and secondary flight control systems : Optimization of the initial design of the EMA using parametric sizing models." Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa, natur- och teknikvetenskap (from 2013), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-74246.

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The number of flights have increased by 80% between 1990 and 2014, and the demand for air travel continues to increase. Even though the aviation sector contributes to economical and social benefits, it still affects the climate change [1]. A first step to minimize the environmental impact is to develop more electric aircraft (MEA), where the idea is to maximize the use of electricity and improve the overall energy effciency [2]. In most of today's aircraft, large mechanical transmission shafts with a lot of components are driven by central power units, termed centralized drive systems. By the use of electromechanical actuators (EMAs), a distributed drive systems can be used instead, which increases functionality, reduces mass, maintenance and energy consumption, as well as improves manufacturing and assembly [3]. When designing electromechanical actuators, one must take into account a lot of parameters that affect each other in various ways. It is often a time-consuming job to find the most optimal choice of architecture. Parameters such as temperature, load, lifetime and effciency to mention a few. This master thesis offers a new analytical tool for EMAs of primary and secondary flight control systems for Saab Avionics Systems. The aim of the analytical tool is to characterize the parts of the system and identify important parameters in order to find the most optimal choice of architecture. The tool focus on the main mechanical components such as the three-phase synchronous permanent magnet motor, power-off brake, two-stage planetary gearbox and ball screw. The tool developed in this project generates an initial design of the EMA with optimized dimensions in order to minimize both mass and energy consumption. It functions by identifying three main groups of parameters: The input parameters: fixed values defined by the customer demands The design parameters: variables that the user can change to find the optimal choice of architecture The output parameters: resulting values of either performance or dimensions By defining few design parameters for each component, and implementing multidisciplinary design optimization (MDO), the analytical tool can find an optimized solution for each specific project in a time-efficient way. The final values of the parameters characterize the performance of the EMA.

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Heřman, Zdeněk. "Zpracování obrazu pro golfový simulátor." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta informačních technologií, 2016. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-255476.

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This thesis describes design and practical realization of a golf simulator. It includes specifications of the hardware, that is a necessity for such simulator, and implementation of the detection of a golf swing and ball flight. The simulator has to fulfill several conditions that were stated at the beginning of the draft. One of the most important conditions was low purchase price, and therefore the simulator is based on common USB cameras Playstation Eye 3. The main goal was to create a user friendly simulator, that will be appropriate both for indoor and outdoor conditions. The final solution was compared with Full Swing simulator. The accuracy of our simulator was far better than the compared one at short game and putting through the use of scanning the ball right after the start of its flight. Accuracy at putting ranged: speed of the ball +/- 0.2 m/s, launch angle +/- 1 degree and flight angle +/- 0.8 degrees.

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Hess, Martin Christopher. "The Australian Federal Police as an International Actor: Diplomacy by Default." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144278.

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Анотація:

Under traditional International relations theory, diplomacy relates to relations between sovereign nations. There have been two broad schools of thought on the dynamics behind these relations: the ‘realist’ school, which tends to consider power and conflict as the major lens through which such should be viewed, and the ‘idealist’ school which tended to focus on cooperation rather than conflict. Between these two extreme views, a third school, the English School of International Relations, also known as the British Institutionalists, provides somewhat of a compromise view, acknowledging the merit of both realism and idealism, by accepting that power remains an important element but also advocating that acceptance of common norms and institutions plays a significant role in determining relations, or the International Society between states. In 1977 Hedley Bull offered the following definition of International Society when he stated that International Society … exists when a group of states, conscious of certain common interests and common values, form a society in the sense that they conceive themselves to be bound by a common set of rules in their relations with one another, and share in the working of common institutions. This thesis is not specifically related to International Relations theory, which deals with inter-state relations. Whilst inter-state conflict and international relations remain important drivers of foreign and military policy, there is a growing recognition that it is intra-state conflict avoidance and post-conflict reconstruction which increasingly mitigate the risk to the safety, security, peace and prosperity of nations and regions. Much of this disquiet has its roots in maladministration, poor governance and a lack of justice. These are areas in which traditional approaches to foreign intervention via trade, aid and military force have limited effect, and in which effective consent-based policing and justice can play a significant part in building sustainable and peaceful outcomes. This thesis discusses the role played by a non-traditional actor in the international arena, the police, specifically the Australian Federal Police (AFP), in addressing some of these intra-state justice and governance issues in a constantly changing, unstable and unpredictable global and regional environment. The thesis is intended to outline the diversity and versatility of AFP activities and to contextualise them in terms of non-traditional New Diplomacy. The aspects of diplomacy of most significance relate to diplomatic qualities or traits of the individual police officer, diplomatic behaviours of these members, and diplomatic outcomes of their activities. As such the thesis does not relate directly to International Relations theory or to International Society, as espoused by Hedley Bull. There are, however, some interesting intersections which are worthy of note. There are some critics of the English School who argue that it is Eurocentric. Today’s International Relations originated in the 19th century when a number of European nations formed a club of ‘civilised’ states bound by international law, which expanded around the globe to involve all nations. This concept has been used to explain the lack of imperative for a supra-state or world government to maintain orderly inter-state relations, as the force which binds them is consent to agree to common interest and values within a global rules-based order. In terms of policing on an international scale, global government is simply too unwieldy. There are a number of global, consent-based institutions such as the United Nations and INTERPOL, which fulfil this requirement to a certain extent. The AFP has had long involvement with both of these global institutions, as well as several regional policing institutions. In terms of conflict-oriented ‘realism’ and cooperative ‘idealism’, policing walks both sides of the street. As this thesis will discuss, the whole posture of liberal-democratic policing is conflict prevention, and the means by which such police carry out their daily duties is by cooperation. This is the context in which replication or expansion of International Society should be considered in relation to the activities of the AFP internationally and regionally. This thesis is by definition Eurocentric, or more specifically Anglo-centric, due to the historical fact that the AFP draws all of its principles from Australia’s British antecedents and adheres to a largely ‘western’ or European notion of human rights values. This thesis explores the role of the AFP as an international actor. The thesis asserts that effective international policing has never been more important in linking the international with the domestic. The way the AFP operates in a landscape where traditional policing paradigms are rapidly changing, due to ever-changing, political, diplomatic, and transnational issues, is examined in the context of the ‘globalisation paradox’, of both needing and fearing, global governance simultaneously, as raised by Anne-Marie Slaughter in her book, A New World Order. The way the organisation has evolved from its origins, based on Western liberal-democratic policing values, approaches and skills, to an organisation involved in international policing and diplomacy at the highest levels, while still retaining its liberal-democratic credentials is explained. It is argued that in the contemporary international and Australian context, the AFP is an effective and experienced agency. It is further argued that this is a distinctive form of new diplomacy, appropriate to an increasingly globalised world. The AFP has established an extensive international network in more than 30 countries, has been a consistent contributor to national security, has participated in numerous international deployments over half a century, and continues to play a meaningful role in Australian foreign policy efforts. The thesis provides evidence to show how AFP officers exhibit diplomatic qualities similar to those listed by Daryl Copeland in his book Guerrilla Diplomacy , as well as those mentioned by Christopher Meyer in his book Getting Our Way. In all of its international endeavours, AFP members have demonstrated, in varying degrees, the three enduring elements of diplomacy as outlined by Jonsson and Hall in their book The Essence of Diplomacy. They have communicated and negotiated in some very challenging circumstances and they are representatives of the Australian Government and its humanitarian values. The AFP, as part of broader efforts with institutions such as the UN, have not so much sought a replication of international society, as mentioned by Jonsson and Hall, but have provided a supplement to international society, by effective networking, thereby addressing in large part, Slaughter’s ‘globalisation paradox’. It is not so much universal police homogeneity which is sought by such endeavours, as a balance between it, and the heterogeneity which is inevitably associated with cultures transitioning from custom and tradition, to 21st century expectations of nationhood. The way the AFP’s transnational operations, activities, and deployments, not only serve perceived national interests, but result in more effective regional governance, is identified as ‘diplomacy by default’, because formal Track I diplomacy is not their primary objective. It will be demonstrated how international diplomacy, while generally conducted with perceived national interests as its primary goal, has a secondary benefit, good international citizenship, and that the AFP has a credible history of serving both. It is argued that the AFP is well positioned within government, law and intelligence and security circles, in the Australian and international contexts, through an extensive liaison officer network in South-East Asia, the South-West Pacific as well as more broadly. It will be demonstrated how the AFP has shown itself as capable and ready to respond effectively to extant and emerging challenges, and as such, has earned a place in foreign policy discussions and considerations at the highest diplomatic levels, including the UN. The AFP provides a distinctive and direct link between the global, the regional, and the domestic, which matches the rapidly globalised community it represents. The thesis confirms that international policing acts as a distinctive aspect of Australian ‘firm’ diplomacy, and supplements the more traditional elements of international engagement, between the ‘soft’ or traditional diplomacy, and the ‘hard’ form of military intervention. The evidence provided shows how it is by this form of whole-of-government activity, inclusive of policing, that stability and security are enhanced, and peace and prosperity are encouraged. Overall, the thesis affirms the AFP as a transnational agency, which is well placed to link the international with the domestic, the contextual with the aspirational, and the theoretical with the practical, in a period of strategic uncertainty in international affairs at the dawn of the Third Millennium.

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Pearce, Boudine. "The effect of gluteus medius Kinesio(R) taping on torso-pelvic separation during the golf swing, ball flight distance and accuracy." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/12680.

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Introduction: The effect that an increased torso-pelvic separation (x-factor) has on driving performance and accuracy is well appreciated by golfers and golf instructors. Increased torso and pelvic separation produces a greater upper trunk energy store to be utilised for a more powerful downswing. Specific muscles’ contribution towards pelvic stability during the golf swing has not been well documented. Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the effect that gluteus medius Kinesio® Taping has on torso-pelvic separation, subsequent ball flight distance and accuracy. Method: The study was a one group pre-test-post test quasi-experimental design. A group of amateur golfers underwent a biomechanical golf swing analysis with iClub™ Body Motion System to determine torso-pelvic separation at the top of the backswing. Ball flight distance and accuracy (smash factor ratio) were measured with the FlightScope®. These outcomes were recorded with and without Kinesio® Tape application on the gluteus medius muscle. Each participant’s dominant gluteus medius muscle strength was tested with a Microfet Hand-held Dynamometer before and after Kinesio® Tape application. The data gathered in the taped and non-taped groups was analysed using a paired t-test, when testing at the 0.05 level of significance. Correlation between gluteus medius and x-factor, ball flight distance and smash factor ratio with and without KT application, was done using Pearson Correlation analysis. Results: The results showed that Kinesio® Tape is effective in improving gluteus medius muscle activation and thereby the relative muscle strength (p=0.00<0.05). With regard to the other aforementioned outcome measures, x-factor, ball distance and accuracy, results showed no statistical significance (p=0.28, p=0.53 and p=0.1 respectively). Correlation analysis revealed a negative relationship between gluteus medius muscle strength and x-factor (r = -0.46, p = 0.01) and smash factor ratio (r = -0.33, p = 0.08) Discussion Kinesio® Tape has been shown to improve strength in target muscles. As the golf swing is so complex, involving the entire kinetic chain, each golfer differs significantly in his/her swing. This study showed that the gluteus medius strength improved with Kinesio® Tape application in the majority of the golfers tested, but affected each golfer’s shot differently. This highlights the fact that each golfer’s swing is unique and they utilise the kinetic chain differently. Conclusion: Kinesio® Tape is significantly effective in improving gluteus medius muscle activation and strength in amateur golfers. X-factor, ball distance and accuracy are dependent on a wide variety of body movements that act in harmony to produce the golf swing and a statistically significant result was not found regarding these outcome measures. It is thus difficult to isolate only one muscle in creating pelvic stability and only the pelvis in the motion of the golf swing.

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Quinn, Samantha-lynn. "The effect of manual therapy and exercise on range of motion, biomechanics, club performance and ball flight - a randomised controlled trial on elite golfers." Thesis, 2014.

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Thesis (M.Sc.(Physiotherapy))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2013.
The aim of this study was to compare the effect of myofascial trigger point therapy and stretching to myofascial trigger point therapy and medicine ball exercises on elite golfers’ range of motion, biomechanics, club performance and ball flight.

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Peacock, James. "The relationship between foot-ball impact with kick outcome in football kicking." Thesis, 2018. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/37861/.

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Across the football codes, kicking is the main skill used to score goals and pass between team members. Kicking with high ball velocity and high accuracy is required to kick to targets at far distances or reach a submaximal target in less time. The impact phase is the most important component of the kicking action: it is the only time a player forcefully contacts the ball to produce the flight path. Ensuring high impact efficiency and the appropriate combination of flight characteristics are imparted onto the ball during foot-ball impact is important for successful kicking. The aim of this thesis was to determine how foot-ball impact characteristics influences impact efficiency, ankle plantarflexion, ball flight characteristics and kicking accuracy. By using a mechanical kicking machine to systematically explore impact characteristics and performing an intra-individual analysis of human kickers, high-speed-video analysis of foot-ball impact found impact characteristics influenced impact efficiency, ankle plantarflexion, ball flight characteristics, and kicking accuracy. Increasing ankle joint stiffness, impact locations on the foot closer to the ankle joint, altering foot-ball angle and reducing foot velocity each increased impact efficiency. These results supported the coaching cue ‘maintaining a firm ankle’ during impact as effective at increasing impact efficiency. The impact location between the foot and ball across the medial-lateral direction, foot-ball angle and foot trajectory were each identified as influential to ball flight characteristics and/ or kicking accuracy. The oblique impact theory applied to the duration of impact provided a theoretical framework underpinning how each impact characteristic influenced ball flight characteristics. More consistent performing players produced less kick-to-kick variability in their impact characteristics, while lower kick accuracy was due to errors produced in the combination of impact characteristics. In conclusion, foot-ball impact characteristics were influential to impact efficiency, ankle plantarflexion, ball flight characteristics, and kicking accuracy.

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Vernon, Georgina. "Decision making in tennis: exploring the use of kinematic and contextual information during anticipatory performance." Thesis, 2020. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40723/.

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Expert tennis players are known to anticipate the serve of an opponent using two sources of information from their environment. Kinematic information sources are cues from the action of the server, while contextual information may be any source of information outside of the visual kinematic cues which the expert considers. While previous research has examined the contribution of these two sources on an expert tennis player’s anticipation capability, it is still unknown how they interact during the return of serve. Consequently, this thesis had two aims: 1. Investigate the temporal interaction of kinematic and contextual information sources considered by expert tennis players when returning serve. 2. Investigate how changes in kinematic or contextual sources of information alters an expert player’s return of serve performance. The two aims of this thesis were considered to address the current gap in the existing literature, and enhance our understanding about the temporal priority of anticipatory information sources expert tennis players are attuned to during the return of serve. The three investigations from this thesis revealed a number of important findings about the temporal interaction of anticipatory information sources. Study 1 determined nine higher order themes from qualitative interviews with expert tennis players about their returning experiences in professional matches. These themes were developed into a temporal model that presented the anticipatory information in order of priority during the return of serve. Study 2 found that although expert tennis players discussed the influence of contextual information on their returning behaviour in Study 1, spatiotemporal data from professional matchplay revealed that this only had an influence on their depth position, and not their lateral position. This study also found that the largest variation in return position occurred at return impact, which was important for confirming that significant changes in return position does not occur until ball flight information is available. The final experiment revealed that although expert tennis players are attuned to contextual and kinematic information, this information does not necessarily improve the quality of the return. Contextual information was the priority anticipatory information source until ball toss information became available. The kinematic information from the ball toss is then prioritised by the returners until ball flight information is available, which was found to be the most influential information source for altering returner behaviour. Furthermore, it was found that expert tennis players were not susceptible to a congruence effect as suggested in a number of previous studies. The conclusion from the experimental series is that a returner’s behaviour is influenced by the most reliable source of information available at each moment in time, with ball flight information the most reliable and heavily prioritised source. This finding is important for tennis players and coaches to consider when implementing training strategies for the returners to recognise and respond to the various information sources during a match.

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Книги з теми "Ball flight"

ill, Barron Rex, ed. Irma the flying bowling ball. New York: G.P. Putnam's, 1996.

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Jacobs, John. Golf in a nutshell: The flight of the ball tells it all. London: Hodder & Stoughton, 1995.

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McFerren, Bill. Bail out!: A POW's story. [Golden, Co.]: Liberator Press, 2005.

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Cupp, William L. A wartime journey: Bail-out over Belgium, World War II. Manhattan, Kan: Sunflower University Press, 2002.

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Minshull, Evelyn White. Eaglet's world. Morton Grove, Illinois: A. Whitman, 2002.

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Museum, Taft. China in 1700: Kangxi porcelains at the Taft Museum : the Taft Museum, Cincinnati, Ohio, September 8-October 23, 1988, Flint Institute of Arts in the DeWaters Art Center, Flint, Michigan, April 15-June 10, 1989, Ball State University, College of Fine Arts, Art Gallery, July 16-September 17, 1989. Cincinnati: The Museum, 1988.

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Bahill, A. Terry. The Science of Baseball: Modeling Bat-Ball Collisions and the Flight of the Ball. Springer, 2019.

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Bahill, A. Terr. The science of baseball: Modeling bat-ball collisions and the flight of the ball. 2018.

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Bahill, A. Terry. The Science of Baseball: Batting, Bats, Bat-Ball Collisions, and the Flight of the Ball. Springer, 2018.

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Tamboukou, Maria. Thinking with Stephen J. Ball: Lines of Flight in Education. Taylor & Francis Group, 2022.

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Частини книг з теми "Ball flight"

Bahill, A. Terry. "The Ball in Flight Model." In The Science of Baseball, 157–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03032-2_7.

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Bahill, A. Terry. "The Ball in Flight Model." In The Science of Baseball, 153–202. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67032-4_7.

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Li, Ying. "Optimization Design of Soccer Ball Flight Trajectory." In SpringerBriefs in Applied Sciences and Technology, 49–65. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-8652-8_4.

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Fernandez, R., and R. Levenduski. "Flight Demonstration of the Ball Joule-Thomson Cryocooler." In Cryocoolers 10, 449–56. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/0-306-47090-x_53.

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Horsley, W. J., E. F. Hicks, W. C. Kiehl, D. W. Simmons, D. J. Taylor, E. E. Wells, and J. A. Wells. "Test Results for the Single-Stage Ball Flight Prototype Cooler." In Cryocoolers 8, 23–33. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9888-3_3.

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Bae, Ji Eun, Jin Wook Kim, Hang Joon Kim, and Hyun Soo Park. "Determination of Golf Ball Flight Based on Planar Structure Sensor." In Advances in Multimedia Information Processing - PCM 2009, 344–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10467-1_30.

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Horsley, W. J., D. W. Simmons, and J. A. Wells. "Test Results for the Ball Single-Stage Advanced Flight Prototype Cryocooler." In Cryocoolers 9, 55–58. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5869-9_8.

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Asai, Takeshi, Kazuya Seo, Osamu Kobayashi, and Reiko Sakashita. "Flow Visualization on a Real Flight Non-spinning and Spinning Soccer Ball." In The Engineering of Sport 6, 327–32. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-46050-5_58.

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Sparr, Leroy, Stuart Banks, Edward James, and Stephen Castles. "NASA/GSFC Cryocooler Test Program Results for Ball and Lockheed Space Flight Cryocoolers." In A Cryogenic Engineering Conference Publication, 1577–84. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0373-2_198.

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Koyanagi, R., and Y. Ohgi. "Measurement of the Forces on Ball in Flight Using Built-in Accelerometer (P138)." In The Engineering of Sport 7, 1–7. Paris: Springer Paris, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-2-287-09413-2_1.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Ball flight"

Zhang, Haosong, Shi Feng Lim, Feng Lin, Liyuan Li, and Hock S. Seah. "Ball flight path determination in VR table tennis." In International Workshop on Advanced Image Technology 2021, edited by Wen-Nung Lie, Qian Kemao, Jae-Gon Kim, and Masayuki Nakajima. SPIE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2587235.

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Weinzapfel, Nick, Nathan Bolander, Tanmay Mathur, Edward Smith, and Hans DeSmidt. "Dynamic Load Analysis of Motion Converter Ball Bearings in a Pericyclic Transmission." In Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17601.

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Performance of ball bearings in the motion converter subassembly of an internally driven, single-speed, torque-split, twin configuration pericyclic transmission prototype is evaluated to extend the analytical knowledge base on this innovative transmission concept. A dynamic model of the transmission is developed with high-fidelity models of the installed rolling element bearings to determine their reactions. Attention is focused on the pair of ball bearings supporting the motion converter subassembly which are subjected to a complex combination of loads, including radial and axial forces, moments, carrier motion, and possibly internal preload. Then the influence of internal axial clearance and preload on the behavior of the rolling elements is analyzed with a fully dynamic ball bearing model. Provisions to consider the carrier motion and a robust integration algorithm for component orientations are presented. Finally, a microstructure-based fatigue life simulation of the critical bearing component is performed to demonstrate the effect of clearance/preload on bearing reliability.

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Rogers, Robert. "Golf Ball and Other Sports Objects Flight Dynamics in 6-DOF of Motion." In AIAA Atmospheric Flight Mechanics Conference and Exhibit. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2008-6702.

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Ting, L. L. "Application of CFD Technology Analyzing the Three-Dimensional Aerodynamic Behavior of Dimpled Golf Balls." In ASME 2002 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2002-32349.

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A computational modeling method using the CFD codes GAMBIT and FLUENT jointly has been developed for analyzing the three-dimensional aerodynamic behavior of surface dimpled golf balls. Drag and lift coefficient values and fluid field solutions have been obtained for the balls with three different types of dimple pattern distributions, which consist of the dimples with the same or different pocket sizes and depths. The baseline case golf ball carries 422 circular dimples with the dimple distribution pattern very similar to that of a Spalding TOP-FLITE PLUS II ball. The computed drag and lift coefficients of this baseline ball stationary or spinning have been made to compare with some published wind-tunnel experimental results, and the agreement was found to be good. This indicates that the modeling method developed is relevant and suitable for predicting the ball flight behavior for varying dimple geometry and dimple pattern distribution designs. From this, the necessary ball surface design parameter changes can be found either to enhance or to limit the ball’s aerodynamic performance, which controls and determines the ball flying distance and trajectory accuracy after initial impact.

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SOLIES, U. "In flight flow angle measurements on the Ball-Bartoe Jetwing poweredlift aircraft." In Orbital Debris Conference: Technical Issues andFuture Directions. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.1990-1284.

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Hurtado, Jan, Eduardo Albuquerque, Daniel Radetic, Renato Cherullo, Greis Francy M. Silva-Calpa, and Alberto Raposo. "Floating Hamster Ball: A Locomotion Method for Free Flight in Virtual Environments." In 2018 20th Symposium on Virtual and Augmented Reality (SVR). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/svr.2018.00036.

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Bertolino, Antonio C., Giovanni Jacazio, Stefano Mauro, and Massimo Sorli. "High Fidelity Model of a Ball Screw Drive for a Flight Control Servoactuator." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-70737.

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Over the past years, a trend toward “more electric” equipment has arisen including flight control systems, leading to a tendency to replace the electro-hydraulic actuators (EHSAs) with electro-mechanical actuators (EMAs), which have however a too high jamming probability for a primary flight control system. An innovative jam tolerant approach is to make the EMA “jam-predictive” by monitoring its health state using effective prognostic algorithms. The need for a high-fidelity model is then paramount. In this study, basing on a typical architecture of an EMA, a detailed analysis of the developed dynamic non-linear ball screw model is presented. The backlash, friction parameters, a model of the rolling/sliding behaviour of a ball with rolling friction are taken into account, contact stiffness and preload are introduced. A discussion is presented on the results of a sensitivity analysis on the efficiency of the mechanism with respect to the above mentioned characteristic parameters under different operating conditions. The model and the results of the sensitivity analysis can be used to better understand the physics within the actuator and the ensuing fault-to-failure mechanisms which are needed for developing more efficient prognostic algorithms.

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Rahman, Mosfequr, Sirajus Salekeen, Asher Holland, Todd Nixon, Hunter Kight, Jared Stevens, Matt Altieri, and John Adkins. "Thermal Stress Analysis and Determination of Stitching Pattern Effect on Aerodynamics of a Soccer Ball." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72419.

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Soccer is played all over the world in a wide range of temperature environments. One of the objectives of this numerical study is to determine whether temperature has an effect on the body and performance of a soccer ball. Another object is to aerodynamically determine the effect of stitching pattern of the ball on its flight. The soccer ball was modeled in ANSYS Workbench and tested with thermal-stress analysis tool at nominal temperatures of 0°C, 20°C, and 40°C. The maximum deformation of a soccer ball at normal condition occurred at 40°C which was 1.0503 cm as compared to the 0.9587 cm at 0°C. This normal condition means when the ball is subjected to an internal pressure of 80 kPa which is the standard inflation pressure. When an external 2700 Pa pressure was applied to the soccer ball which is the average force of a kick, the maximum deformation again occurred at 40°C which was 5.2289 cm as compared to the 4.7599 cm at 0°C. Therefore, the stiffness of the ball materials decreased as the temperature increased. This reveals that the ball delivers a greater force at the surface of contact when the temperature drops. The second part of this study as mentioned earlier was to study the aerodynamic effect on a soccer ball traveling through the air at a certain speed. Two types of soccer ball were analyzed for this reason to see which of the two flew better in the air. The two types were a regular FIFA soccer ball with stitching and a normal soccer ball without stitching. Two tests were performed on both types of the soccer ball. These tests were done using ANSYS FLUENT and the sought out output parameters were velocity, pressure, Reynolds Number and drag force. In the first test the soccer balls were rotating in the air and in the second test the soccer balls were not rotating in the air. For the first test, the ball without stitching had the higher velocity, Reynolds Number, and drag force, which were 126.2 m/s, 2.420 × 106, and 122.6 N respectively. This means the ball without stitching is experiencing a more random turbulent flow and is being pulled more into the direction of the drag force. This happens because the soccer ball without stitching will rotate faster and won’t have stitching patterns to create friction that will slow down the flow. For the second test, the ball with stitching had the higher velocity, Reynolds Number and drag force which were 42.22 m/s, 8.095 × 105, and 16.81 N respectively. This means the soccer ball with stitching is experiencing a random turbulent flow and is being pulled in the direction of the drag force because the stitching patterns are not in complete contact with the air to create friction.

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Street, Kenneth W., and Marjorie F. Sovinski. "Analysis of Black Bearing Balls From a Space Shuttle Body Flap Actuator." In World Tribology Congress III. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/wtc2005-63539.

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A significantly deteriorated ball bearing mechanism from a body flap actuator on Space Shuttle OV-103 was disassembled and the balls submitted for analysis in conjunction with Return to Flight activities. The OV-103 balls, referred to as the “black balls”, were subjected to X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) and Raman micro spectroscopy, surface profilometry, and optical and electron microscopy. The spectroscopic results in combination with microscopy analysis allowed a determination of the lubricant degradation pathway. The chemical attack mechanism does not adequately explain the unique visual appearance of the black balls. Numerous efforts have unsuccessfully focused on duplication of the phenomena causing this unique surface structure and appearance of the black balls. Further detail will be presented supporting these conclusions along with plausible explanations of the unique black appearance to the balls.

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Ou, Kui, Patrice Castonguay, and Antony Jameson. "Computational Sports Aerodynamics of a Moving Sphere: Simulating a Ping Pong Ball in Free Flight." In 29th AIAA Applied Aerodynamics Conference. Reston, Virigina: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2011-3668.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Ball flight"

Ferguson, Spencer, William McNally, and John McPhee. Predicting the Flight of a Golf Ball: Comparing a Physics-Based Aerodynamic Model to a Neural Network. Purdue University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5703/1288284317493.

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