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Дисертації з теми "Barley Genetics"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 20 лютого 2023

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1

Collins, Nicholas C. "The genetics of barley yellow dwarf virus resistance in barley and rice." Title page, table of contents and summary only, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/46063.

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Barley yellow dwarf virus (BYDV), an aphid transmitted luteovirus, is the most widespread and economically damaging virus of cereal crops. The work in this thesis aims to characterise the basis of the naturally occurring resistance to BYDV in cereals in three ways: Firstly, by facilitating the isolation of the Yd2 gene for BYDV resistance from barley by a map-based approach. Secondly, by determining if a BYDV resistance gene in rice is orthologous to Yd2. Thirdly, by establishing if other BYDV resistance genes in non- Ethiopian barleys are allelic to Yd2. It is hoped that the information gener

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2

Jenkin, Mandy Jane. "Genetics of boron tolerance in barley /." Adelaide : Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Plant Science, 1993. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phj514.pdf.

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3

Harvey, Andrew John. "Isolation, characterization and differential expression of Barley B-Glucan Exohydrolase genes." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh399.pdf.

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On title page "B" is superscript. Bibliography: leaves 112-135. The primary aims of the work described in this thesis were to isolate and characterize the cDNAs that correspond to the two B-glucan exohydrolases designated isoenzyme ExoI and isoenzyme ExoII. (abstract)

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4

Caldwell, Katherine Selby. "An evaluation of the patterns of nucleotide diversity and linkage disequilibrium at the regional level in Hordeum vulgare /." Title page, table of contents and abstract only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phc1471.pdf.

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5

Jefferies, Stephen P. "Marker assisted backcrossing for gene introgression in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Title page, contents and chapter 1 only, 2000. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09APSP/09apspj45.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 183-211. This study evaluates the backcross breeding method for the introgression in barley of agronomically important traits into a malting quality background using molecular markers.

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6

Eglinton, Jason Konrad. "Novel alleles from wild barley for breeding malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) /." Title page, abstact and table of contents only, 2003. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phe313.pdf.

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7

Patil, Vrushali. "Molecular developmental genetics of the barley internode." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2016. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/a7e7046a-3615-40c4-b678-200299cd0d12.

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8

Jenkin, Mandy Jane. "Genetics of boron tolerance in barley / by Mandy Jane Jenkin." Thesis, Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Plant Science, 1993. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/21652.

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9

Liu, Shaolin 1968. "Oligonucleotides applied in genomics, bioinformatics and development of molecular markers for rice and barley." Thesis, McGill University, 2004. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85569.

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A genome sequence can be conceptualized as a 'book' written with four nucleotide 'letters' in oligonucleotide (oligo) 'words'. These words can be used in genomics, bioinformatics and the development of molecular markers. The whole-genome sequence for rice (Oryza sativa L.) is almost finished and has been assembled into pseudomolecules. For barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) expressed sequence tags (ESTs) have been assembled into 21,981 tentative consensus sequences (TCs). The availability of such sequence information provides opportunities to investigate oligo usage within and between genomes

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10

Smith, Ryan Anthony. "Germination and growth responses of Hordeum Vulgare SV13 cultivated as a green fodder crop for African conditions." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2790.

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Thesis (MTech (Horticulture))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018.<br>This study evaluated the effects of 5 different soaking treatments in conjunction with 5 varying irrigation intervals on the germination, growth and nutritional values of seed of Hordeum vulgare Sv13. The 5 different soaking times consisted of 1, 3, 8, 16 and 24 hours. The barley seed was first cleaned and then placed in a vessel containing 500 ml of distilled water with a 20 % solution of sodium hypochlorite (bleach) at room temperature. Thereafter the pre-soaked seeds were transferred to a perforated container,

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11

King, Brendon James. "Towards cloning Yd2 : a barley resistance gene to barley yellow dwarf virus." Title page, contents and summary only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phk523.pdf.

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12

Lonergan, Paul Francis. "Genetic characterisation and QTL mapping of zinc nutrition in barley (Hordeum vulgare)." Title page, contents and abstract only, 2001. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phl847.pdf.

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13

Tinker, Nicholas Andrew. "Studies on the analysis of genetic markers and quantitative trait loci in plant breeding populations." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=41774.

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Laboratory experiments, genetic simulation, and theoretical analyses were performed to address several objectives related to the use of genetic markers in plant breeding programs. Two software packages were developed: GREGOR provides flexible and efficient computer algorithms for performing genetic simulation experiments, and KIN provides improved methods for estimating coancestry from known pedigrees. Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were investigated in elite barley lines, and estimates of genetic distance based on RAPD markers were compared to estimates based on coancestry. B

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14

Cartwirght, Ewen James. "Barley mild mosaic virus : deletions, duplication and transmission." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.285557.

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15

Hidayat, Imam. "Evolution and spread of paraquat resistant barley grasses (Hordeum glaucum Steud. and H. leporinum Link) /." Title page, abstract and table of contents only, 2004. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh6323.pdf.

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16

Rathjen, John Paul. "Aspects of luteovirus molecular biology in relation to the interaction between BYDV-PAV and the Yd2 resistance gene of barley /." Title page, contents and summary only, 1995. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phr2342.pdf.

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17

Al-Hassen, Ibrahim Saker. "Genetic control of alcohol dehydrogenase in barley Hordeum vulgare." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.257161.

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18

Fernández, José. "Anther and pollen development in barley." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2012. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13916/.

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The control of pollen viability and release is of major commercial importance in the development of crops for hybrid seed production and selective breeding. It has been shown that key transcription factors in Arabidopsis particularly MALE STERILITY1 (MS1), are functionally conserved in rice (Li et al., 2011), therefore extending this comparative analysis and controlling fertility in temperate cereals, such as barley, is the long term goal of this project. Although anther and pollen development of barley seems morphologically similar to Arabidopsis, the genes involved and how they are regulated

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19

Campbell, Graham F. (Graham Findlay). "Genetics of pathogenicity in Pyrenophora leaf diseases of barley." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/52286.

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Dissertation (PhD(Agric)) -- University of Stellenbosch, 2001.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Net blotch of barley, caused by Pyrenophora teres, is one of the most important diseases of this cereal in the south Western Cape Province of South Africa. This fungus exists as two different types (forms), namely a nettype and a spot-type that are distinguished by differential symptom expression on barley leaves. Based on this specific plant pathological difference a series of studies of agricultural importance were executed to investigate the effects of sexual recombination between these two types. In

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20

Tan, Han-Qi. "Dissecting barley malting quality QTLs with maize Ac/Ds transposons." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=97247.

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Malting quality of barley is a complex but important trait for the malting and brewing industries. Several malting quality QTLs have been located on the chromosome 4H of barley. However, the genes associated with these QTLs regions are unknown. The Ac/Ds transposon system was used to dissect these malting quality QTLs. New single-copy Ds insertion lines (TNPs) were generated through sequential re-activation of Ds transposon in the candidate parental lines – TNP-29 and -79, in which the Ds insertion sites were mapped in the vicinity of the malting quality QTLs on chromosome 4H. R

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21

Bierman, Anandi. "Mapping and survey sequencing of Dn resistance genes in Triticum aestivum L." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/96912.

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Thesis (PhD)--Stellenbosch University, 2015<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT : Diuraphis noxia Kurdjumov (Russian Wheat Aphid; RWA) is a pest of wheat and barley that has spread from its home range in the fertile crescent to most wheat producing countries except Australia. Since its first introduction to South Africa and the USA in the late 20th century, breeding programs for wheat phenotypes resistant to the aphid were put in place. Conventional breeding practices rely on phenotypic screening to verify traits carried by offspring and genetic tools such as marker assisted selection (MAS) have greatly aide

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22

Ward, Michael Patrick. "Biochemistry, genetics and molecular biology of nitrite reduction in barley." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/14341.

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Nitrite reduction is the third step of the nitrate assimilation pathway in higher plants and is catalysed by nitrite reductase. The whole-plant barley mutants STA1010, STA2760 and STA4169 accumulate nitrite in the leaf after treatment with nitrate and, like the nir1 mutant STA3999 (Duncanson et al, 1993), lack detectable nitrite reductase cross-reacting material in the leaf and root. STA1010, STA2760 and STA4169 carry a recessive mutation in a single nuclear gene, identified as the Nir1 locus. RFLP analysis of the nir1 mutant STA3999 has allowed the Nir1 locus to be mapped to within 0.3cM of t

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23

Norberg, Amanda. "Differences in nutrient content between varieties of Nordic barley." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Biologi, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-138604.

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Grain protein content (GPC) in wheat has been found to be regulated by the gene NAM-B1. Homologues to the NAM-B1 gene have been found in barley, HvNAM-1 and HvNAM-2. Previous studies have found that base mutations in the NAM-1 gene at base position 544 might have an impact on GPC. Previous studies also found that landrace of barley showed higher GPC than cultivated barley, indicating that plant improvement might have affected base mutations and therefore GPC. I wanted to study if there are any nutritional differences in Nordic barley and if those differences might correlate with haplotypes. Co

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24

El-Zayadi, Fawzi. "A genetic analysis of harvest index in barley (Hordeum vulgare L. emend. Lam.) /." Thesis, McGill University, 1985. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=65362.

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25

Sheedy, Michael David 1959. "GENETIC COMPOSITION OF THE TWO INTERDEPENDENT FRAGMENT CHROMOSOME PAIRS IN AN 8II BARLEY (HORDEUM VULGARE L.) (TRISOMIC ANALYSIS, COMPENSATING DIPLOID)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1986. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275553.

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26

Eckhoff, Joyce Lynne Alwine. "EVALUATION OF THE MALE-STERILE CYTOPLASM, MSM1, FOR USE IN HYBRID BARLEY SEED PRODUCTION (HORDEUM)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/282087.

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Possible maintainer lines were selected from CC XXXII and crossed onto cytoplasmically male-sterile plants. Complete male sterility was maintained in both the F₁ and BC₁ generations of 46.4% of the lines. Four cultivars with maintainer genotypes that were in both normal and msm1 cytoplasm were intercrossed using the male-sterile forms as the female parents. All F₁'s were completely male-sterile. Restoration of male fertility by 22 lines selected from CC XXXII was shown in each case to be due to a single dominant gene. In some lines, restoration was influenced by environment and genetic backgro

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27

Dinh, Xuan Hoan. "Molecular genetics of barley (Hordeum vulgare): Leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) interactions." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24567.

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Leaf rust caused by Puccinia hordei is one of the most common and widely distributed rust diseases of barley. Deploying genetic resistance is considered as the most effective and environmentally friendly approach to control this disease. Among 27 designated loci conferring resistance to P. hordei, three genes, namely Rph1, Rph15, and Rph22, have been previously isolated. In this study, the Rph3 gene was isolated using the positional cloning approach. A high-resolution map of the gene constructed using 10,411 F2 plants from six segregating populations delimited the Rph3 locus between two marker

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28

Wilson, Christine M. "Molecular and cellular studies of early endosperm development in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, Durham University, 1997. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/5099/.

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Barley grain is an important commercial crop, being used mainly as an animal feed and in the production of malt for the brewing and distilling industries. The protein and carbohydrate composition of the endosperm (the major storage tissue) determines the grain quality and suitability for different end uses. The differentiation and maturation stages of endosperm development have been extensively studied. However, little is known about the cellular and molecular biology of the syncytial and cellularisation stages of development which occur within the first 8 days post anthesis (DPA). Events occu

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29

Shams-Bakhsh, Masoud. "Studies on the structure and gene expression of barley yellow dwarf virus." Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phs5275.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 118-132. This thesis examines the structure and gene expression of barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs)-PAV in order to gain a better understanding of the interaction between the virus and the Yd2 resistance gene. The protein products of open reading frame (ORF)3, ORF4 and ORF5 are expressed in bacterial cells, in order to characterise the BYDV-PAV virion-associated proteins. The effect of the Yd2 resistance gene on the expression of the BYDV-PAV viral proteins in infected cells is also studied.

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30

Oppong-Konadu, Eden Y. "Evolution in genetically diverse populations of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336773.

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31

Golegaonkar, Prashant G. "Genetic and molecular analysis of resistance to rust diseases in barley." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3549.

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The responses of 92 barley genotypes to selected P. hordei pathotypes was assessed in greenhouse tests at seedling growth stages and in the field at adult plant growth stages to determine known or unknown resistances. On the basis of multipathotype tests, 35 genotypes were postulated to carry Rph2, Rph4, Rph5, Rph12, RphCantala alone or combinations of Rph2 + Rph4 and Rph1 + Rph2, whereas 52 genotypes lacked detectable seedling resistance to P. hordei. Five genotypes carried seedling resistance that was effective to all pathotypes tested, of which four were believed to carry uncharacterised re

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32

Golegaonkar, Prashant G. "Genetic and molecular analysis of resistance to rust diseases in barley." University of Sydney, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/3549.

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Doctor of Philosophy<br>The responses of 92 barley genotypes to selected P. hordei pathotypes was assessed in greenhouse tests at seedling growth stages and in the field at adult plant growth stages to determine known or unknown resistances. On the basis of multipathotype tests, 35 genotypes were postulated to carry Rph2, Rph4, Rph5, Rph12, RphCantala alone or combinations of Rph2 + Rph4 and Rph1 + Rph2, whereas 52 genotypes lacked detectable seedling resistance to P. hordei. Five genotypes carried seedling resistance that was effective to all pathotypes tested, of which four were believed to

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33

Ranford, Julia Claire. "Studies on the expression of dormancy-related genes in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, Heriot-Watt University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/10399/602.

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34

Griffiths, Simon. "Cloning and characterisation of barley homologues of the Arabidopsis CONSTANS gene." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302058.

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35

Smith, Oliver. "Small RNA-mediated regulation, adaptation and stress response in barley archaeogenome." Thesis, University of Warwick, 2012. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/57032/.

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Small RNA are short, 18-25 nt molecules that regulate gene expression in plants and animals. Two main types, microRNA (miRNA) and short interfering RNA (siRNA) perform this regulation by transcript silencing, translation inhibition, DNA methylation and chromatin remodeling. This thesis is an investigation into small RNA activity in archaeological plant material, specifically barley grain from Qasr Ibrim, a multi-period archaeological site in southern Egypt. It is of particular interest due to its unusual phenotype, suggestive of stunted development that is unexpected in a staple, domesticated

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36

Bonnardeaux, Yumiko Graciela. "Seed dormancy in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) : comparative genomics, quantitative trait loci analysis and molecular genetics." University of Western Australia. Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2009.0019.

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[Truncated abstract] Under prolonged wet and damp conditions, barley grain with low dormancy can germinate precociously, a condition known as preharvest sprouting that causes a number of detrimental effects in grain quality. In particular, preharvest sprouting renders the grain unsuitable for malting. The aim of this study was to take a genomics approach to identify and characterise candidate genes that could be linked to the control of seed dormancy in barley. This thesis developed a bioinformatic strategy that exploited the availability of gene sequences with functional evidence in the model

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37

Clark, Dale Rogers. "Methods of screening for induced apomictic mutants in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Diss., The University of Arizona, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/184354.

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Plants that are heterozygous for genetic markers but do not produce segregating progeny may be suspected of carrying a mutation conditioning apomixis. Seed stocks in which heterozygous plants could be identified phenotypically were treated with a chemical mutagen. These seed stocks were heterozygous for recessive genetic markers, and/or heterozygous for a chromosome translocation. Spikes from heterozygous M1 plants were harvested and seeded in bulk. Spikes from heterozygous M2 plants were harvested and planted in M3 rows. The M3 rows were observed for the absence of segregating progeny and/or

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38

Phillips, Jonathan R. "Molecular analysis of the low temperature responsive gene family, blt14, in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.336813.

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39

Bull, Hazel Joanne. "Identification and characterisation of the barley row-type gene VRS3." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2015. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/be5f6de8-4245-45e3-bb17-649f7d724f55.

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Barley row-type describes the number of grains present at a node on the barley spike. Two forms exist amongst cultivated barley: two-rowed with only the central of three spikelets fertile producing a single grain at a node and six-rowed with all three spikelets fertile, producing three grain at a node. Twelve regions of the barley genome have been associated with the row-type character with specific genes identified at three loci, <i>VRS1</i>, <i>VRS4</i> and <i>INT-C</i>. Advancements in the understanding of the genetic control underpinning barley row-type enables the identification of potent

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40

Zhang, Yuhua. "Genetic manipulation of seed storage protein and carbohydrate metabolism in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.)." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.368346.

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41

Elmansour, Huda Mohamed Elkhalifa. "Genetic and molecular characterisation of resistance to rust diseases in barley." Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/15380.

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The fungal pathogen Puccinia hordei Otth. is the causal agent of the leaf rust disease on barley. It is an economically important disease worldwide. The pathogen occurs in all barley growing regions of Australia. The present study assessed a diverse African barley germplasm for resistance to this disease in the seedling (10 pathotypes) and adult (one pathotype) growth stages which resulted in identification of new sources of high and moderate adult plant resistance (APR) different from the known APR genes Rph20 and Rph23. In addition, known seedling resistance genes were also postulated. The A

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42

Hayter, Jeremy Bruce Redvers. "The genetics and molecular biology of Erysiphe graminis DC f. sp. hordei Marchal." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1990. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335213.

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43

Campeol, Nadia. "Detection of markers in a low-density region of the barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) genome and their effects on the mapping of quantitative traits." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0002/MQ44137.pdf.

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44

Ahmed, Ahmed Abdul-Jawad. "Studies on barley : genetics and breeding for resistance to leaf blotch Rhynchosporum secalis (OUD.) J.J. Davis." Thesis, University of Hull, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.278273.

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45

Griffe, Lucie L. "Applying effectoromics and genomics to identify resistance against Rhynchosporium commune in barley." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2017. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/72e2cc57-c7fd-4158-991e-03127df74984.

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<i>Rhynchosporium commune</i> is one of the most destructive fungal pathogens of barley worldwide. It causes scald, responsible for reduced grain quality and yield losses of up to 40%. This project aimed to identify genetic resistance in barley using two different approaches: an effector approach through the identification of important pathogen virulence factors and their barley targets, and a genomics association approach. Numerous secreted effectors have been identified in many phytopathogens including <i>R. commune</i>. <i>Rrs1</i> resistance, recognising the <i>R. commune </i>avirulence pr

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Haghdoust, Rouja. "Genetic and molecular analysis of resistance to adapted and non-adapted (heterologous) rust pathogens in barley." Thesis, University of Sydney, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/24387.

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Rust diseases caused by Puccinia spp. are specialised to different economically important crops such as wheat and barley and can cause significant crop failure when severe. For many decades, genetic resistance has proven effective in protecting crops against rust pathogens. However, the ability of rust pathogens to evolve rapidly can lead to the emergence of new virulent races that can overcome genetic resistance. Therefore, the identification of new durable sources of resistance is essential for crop production and food security. Barley is a diploid crop with a reference genome sequence that

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Sandhu, Amritpal Singh. "Manipulating the frequency and distribution of genetic crossovers during meiosis in barley." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2015. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/6316/.

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In commercial barley cultivars meiotic crossover (CO) distribution is skewed to the distal regions of the paired chromosomes. This restricts recombination to these regions thereby reducing the potential genetic variation that can be exploited in plant breeding programs. The aim of this project was to develop experimental strategies that will enable the frequency and distribution of meiotic crossovers to be modified in order to generate progeny with novel gene combinations. Treatment with the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A, led to significant modifications in crossover frequency i

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Koladia, Vaidehi Mohit. "Genetics of the Host-Pathogen Interaction in the Barley-Net Form Net Blotch System." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2017. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/28653.

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Pyrenophora teres f. teres is a fungal pathogen that causes barley net form net blotch. To evaluate the genetics of resistance in barley, a RIL population was developed using resistant barley lines CI5791 and Tifang and tested against a global collection of nine P. teres f. teres isolates. QTL analysis indicated that CI5791 resistance mapped to chromosome 6H and was effective against all isolates. Additionally, CI5791 harbored resistance on chromosome 3H effective against two Japanese isolates. Tifang also had resistance that mapped to 3H and was effective against four of the isolates. To eval

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Dawson, Andrew. "Elucidating the molecular genetics of host and nonhost resistance in barley to stripe rust." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2015. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/58560/.

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Plants have a remarkable ability to resist the majority of pathogenic microbes they encounter. As such, they are described as nonhosts. Nonhost resistance is often conceptualised as a qualitative separation from host resistance. Classification into these two states is generally facile, as they fail to fully describe the range of states that exist in the transition from host to nonhost. This poses a problem when studying pathosystems that cannot be classified into either of these categories due to their intermediate status relative to the two extremes. Therefore, the terms intermediate host and

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Sadeghzadeh, Behzad. "Mapping of chromosome regions associated with seed zinc accumulation in barley." University of Western Australia. School of Earth and Geographical Sciences, 2008. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2008.0204.

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[Truncated abstract] Zinc deficiency in crops is the most widespread micronutrient deficiency, with about 50% of the cereal-growing areas worldwide containing low levels of plant-available Zn. Zinc plays multiple key roles in different metabolic and physiological processes; its deficiency in crops reduces not only grain yield, but also the nutritional quality of grains. Insufficient micronutrient intake, particularly Zn and Fe, afflicts over 3 billion people in the world, mainly in developing countries. Increasing the amount of Zn in food crops can contribute to improving the Zn status of peop

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