Готові списки джерел за темами / Barley sorts of winter

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Barley sorts of winter"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 27 травня 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Barley sorts of winter":

Bunduk, Yu M. "Determination of frost resistance for sorts of winter wheat and barley based on the insight of membranes." Interdepartmental Thematic Scientific Collection of Plant Protection and Quarantine, no. 62 (September 3, 2016): 80–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.36495/1606-9773.2016.62.80-84.

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The results of the research dedicated to the indication of the optimal factors of the relative issue of electrolytes from the germs of the winter wheat and barley for the evaluation of their frost-resistance.

Batasheva, B. A. "The new sort of winter barley for Dagestan conditions." South of Russia: ecology, development, no. 1 (February 5, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.18470/1992-1098-2010-1-17-19.

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Lalić, Alojzije, Smiljana Goreta Ban, Slavko Perica, Dario Novoselović, Ivan Abičić, Josip Kovačević, Gordana Šimić, and Vlado Guberac. "THE EFFECT OF WATER STRESS ON SOME TRAITS OF WINTER BARLEY CULTIVARS DURING EARLY STAGES OF PLANT GROWTH." Poljoprivreda 23, no. 1 (June 7, 2017): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.18047/poljo.23.1.4.

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Delwiche, Stephen R., Thomas C. Pearson, and Daniel L. Brabec. "High-Speed Optical Sorting of Soft Wheat for Reduction of Deoxynivalenol." Plant Disease 89, no. 11 (November 2005): 1214–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1214.

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Fusarium head blight (FHB) is a fungal disease that affects small cereal grains, such as wheat and barley, and is becoming more prevalent throughout much of the world's temperate climates. The disease poses a health risk to humans and livestock because of the associated production of the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON or vomitoxin) by the causal organism, Fusarium graminearum. A study was undertaken to examine the efficiency of high-speed, optical sorting of intact wheat (Triticum aestivum) kernels for reduction of DON concentration. Soft red winter (n = 32) and soft white (n = 3) wheat samples, known to have elevated levels of FHB, were obtained from commercial mills throughout the eastern United States. An additional seven samples of wheat from the discard piles of in-mill cleaners were also studied. Fusarium-damaged wheat, cleaned of nonkernels and foreign material ( ~4.5 kg/sample, DON range = 0.6 to 20 mg/kg), was fed into a commercial high-speed bichromatic sorter operating at a throughput of 0.33 kg/(channel-min) and a kernel rejection rate of 10%. A wavelength filter pair combination of 675 and 1,480 nm was selected for sorting, based on prior research. Visual measurements of the proportion of Fusarium-damaged kernels were collected on incoming and sorted seed (separate analyses of accepted and rejected portions), as were measurements of DON concentration. Results indicated that the fraction of DON contaminant level in the sorted wheat to that in the unsorted wheat ranged from 18 to 112%, with an average of 51%. Nine of the 35 regular samples and all seven of the discard pile samples underwent a second sort, with five from this second set undergoing a third sort. Multiple sorting was effective in producing wheat whose DON concentration was between 16 and 69% of its original, unsorted value.

Mařík, P. "Winter barley Lester." Czech Journal of Genetics and Plant Breeding 47, No. 2 (June 2, 2011): 81–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/52/2011-cjgpb.

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Falk, D. E., E. Reinbergs, and G. Meatherall. "OAC Elmira winter barley." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 77, no. 4 (October 1, 1997): 639–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p96-023.

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OAC Elmira is a high-yielding, disease-resistant, hardy winter barley adapted to Southern Ontario. OAC Elmira has good winter hardiness and high hectoliter weight. It has better disease resistance than any of the check cultivars and long straw with a lax, nodding head. It was developed by the Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food through the Crop Science Department of the University of Guelph. Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., high yield, disease resistance, winter hardiness

REINBERGS, E. "OAC ACTON WINTER BARLEY." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 2 (April 1, 1985): 449–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-062.

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OAC Acton is a new six-rowed winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) with good lodging resistance, higher yield, and better scald and BYD resistance than OAC Halton, the currently recommended winter barley cultivar for Ontario. It was licensed on 2 Aug. 1984. Breeder seed of OAC Acton is maintained by the Crop Science Department, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.Key words: Hordeum vulgare L., barley (winter), BYD resistance, scald resistance, cultivar description

Nadkernychna, E. V. "THE FUNCTIONING OF ASSOCIATIVE SYSTEM OF NITROGEN-FIXING BACTERIA-WINTER RYE ACCORDING TO PLANT SORT FEATURES." Agriciltural microbiology 6 (February 20, 2008): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.35868/1997-3004.6.7-17.

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The associative nitrogen fixation of different winter rye sorts has been studied. It has been shown that such sorts as Charkovskoe 79, Struna, Novozibkovskoe 150, Borba, Verchniachskoe 32 have high N2- fixing potential. The mentioned sorts were noted by their high sensitivity to inoculation of nitrogen fixing bacteria from Azospirillum, Azotobacter, Bacillus, Pseudomonas genuses and ability to supply with effective functioning of N2-fixing bacteria – winter rye associative system.

Brooks, W. S., M. E. Vaughn, G. L. Berger, C. A. Griffey, W. E. Thomason, R. M. Pitman, S. Malla, et al. "Registration of ‘Secretariat’ Winter Barley." Journal of Plant Registrations 10, no. 3 (July 28, 2016): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.3198/jpr2016.03.0017crc.

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Brooks, W. S., M. E. Vaughn, G. L. Berger, C. A. Griffey, W. E. Thomason, R. M. Pitman, S. Malla, et al. "Registration of ‘Atlantic’ Winter Barley." Journal of Plant Registrations 8, no. 3 (July 25, 2014): 236–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.3198/jpr2014.04.0019crc.

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Дисертації з теми "Barley sorts of winter":

Hunter, Ian George. "Epidemiological studies of Fusarium culmorum on winter barley." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.254225.

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Roslon, Ewa. "Relay cropping of spring barley and winter wheat /." Uppsala : Dept. of Ecology and Crop Production Science, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2003. http://epsilon.slu.se/a427-ab.html.

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Kermode, G. N. "Autumn control of broad-leaved weeds in winter barley." Thesis, Bangor University, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.381921.

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Evalds, S. "Light interception and utilization by winter and spring barley." Thesis, University of Reading, 1986. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.376252.

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Murphy, Donal Patrick Lee. "Crop structure and crop productivity in winter barley, (Hordeum sativum)." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262202.

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Rahn, Clive Richard. "The supply of nitrogen and the growth of winter barley." Thesis, University of Reading, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.329711.

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Paris, Robert L. "Potential of Hulless Winter Barley as an Improved Feed Crop." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/27228.

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This research was conducted to determine the potential of hulless winter barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) as an improved feed crop in the mid-Atlantic region. Winter barley is an excellent crop in rotation with soybean (Glycine max L.); however, production of winter barley during the past few years has decreased mainly due to low market prices, even though the mid-Atlantic region is a feed grain deficient area. Therefore, value added traits need to be developed in order for barley production to continue in the region. In the first part of this study, the objectives were to: (i) evaluate the agronomic performance and potential of six experimental hulless winter barley lines compared with two commercial hulled cultivars; (ii) determine and compare fiber, b-glucan, protein, and fat concentrations, and true metabolizable energy, corrected for nitrogen (TMEn) among these genotypes; and (iii) evaluate the genetic potential of winter hulless barley accessions from the world collection for use as parents in hulless breeding programs. Six hulless lines all derived from the cross VA75-42-45/SC793556//CI2457 were acquired from Clemson University in South Carolina. The six lines were evaluated for yield, test weight, heading date, plant height, and lodging. These hulless lines along with two hulled cultivars were planted in replicated yield plots in four states with a total of eight locations, and were managed according to standard recommended practices. Grain from each of the hulless lines and hulled checks, along with that of Trical 498 triticale (X Triticosecale) and Jackson wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) were analyzed for fiber, b-glucan, fat, protein, and ash concentration, and TMEn value. Eight hundred and seven winter or facultative habit hulless barley lines were obtained from the USDA-ARS National Small Grains Collection in Aberdeen, ID. These lines were screened for reaction type to races 8 and 30 of barley leaf rust (Puccinia hordei) and to a composite population of powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei). These accessions also were planted in observation rows to evaluate heading date, plant height, lodging, and seed threshability. The hulless lines yielded 23% less, but had 13% higher test weights than the hulled check cultivars. There was no difference between hulled and hulless barley in heading date and plant height. Hulless lines had a higher protein and lower fiber concentration than hulled barley. They also had higher b-glucan and fat concentrations than triticale or wheat. TMEn was similar between hulled and hulless barley, triticale, and wheat. Approximately 100 hulless barley lines from the world collection were selected for potential use as parents among 800 accessions tested, based on evaluations of lodging, plant height, threshability, and seed color. In the second part of the study the objectives were to determine the effects of (i) hulled and hulless barley, and (ii) b-glucanase on the performance of broilers fed different diets from 21 to 42 days of age. Diets comprised of 30% hulless or hulled barley, and a standard corn (Zea mays)/soybean meal diet with and without b-glucanase enzyme were evaluated to determine the effects of barley on gut viscosity, carcass weight, gain, percent shell, and feed efficiency in 21 to 42 day old broilers. In the first year, diets comprised of hulless lines SC890573 and SC860972, and the hulled cultivar Callao were compared to a standard check diet. In the second year SC860972 was replaced with SC880248 due to the inability to secure a sufficient amount of seed. Each year one hulled and two hulless barley diets were compared to a standard diet. Each diet was fed with and without enzyme, for a total of eight diets. Broilers 21 days of age were fed the diets until day 42 when they were processed. There was a significant decrease (P<0.05) in gut viscosity of birds fed diets with enzyme compared to birds fed diets without enzyme; however, gut viscosity did not affect weight gain or percent shell. Barley substituted at the 30% level did not have a significant effect on broiler performance, nor did the addition of enzyme. Absence of enzyme effect was attributed to bird age, since older birds are able to hydrolyze b-glucan more effectively than juveniles. The potential of hulless barley as an improved feed source for the poultry and swine industry is great for the mid-Atlantic region. Increases in grain yield are currently being realized through focused breeding efforts, and hulless lines exhibit positive nutritional components that combine favorable attributes of both wheat and hulled barley. Barley substituted at the 30% level in the diets of broilers did not cause any detrimental effects. Addition of hulless barley may potentially lead to a reduction in cost per pound of gain of broilers, and provide an alternative crop for mid-Atlantic region grain producers and feeders.
Ph. D.

Ottman, Michael J., Michael D. Sheedy, and Richard W. Ward. "Winter Cereal Forage Variety Evaluation at Maricopa, 2016." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/625427.

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5 pp.
Winter cereals such as barley, oats, triticale, and wheat are commonly grown as forage for the dairy industry. The purpose of this study is to generate information on yield potential of various winter cereal forage varieties. A trial testing the yield potential of eleven winter cereal forage entries including barley, oat, triticale, and wheat varieties was established at the Maricopa Ag Center on October 16, 2015. Forage yields were obtained at cuttings on December 10, February 29, and April 18. The highest yielding entry at the first cutting was Stockford barley. At the second and third cuttings, the highest yielding entry was Summit 515 wheat. Summit 515 wheat was also the highest yielding entry averaged over all cuttings. As a group, the wheat entries were higher yielding that the other winter cereals except at the first cutting where the barleys were higher yielding.

Mansfield, Philippa Jane. "Interactions of atmospheric sulphur dioxide with fungal diseases of winter barley." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47554.

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Clark, Lee. "Winter Wheat Variety Trial in Cochise County, 1987." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203831.

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Sixteen winter wheat varieties (including three hybrids) were evaluated in a randomized, complete block experiment, with four replications. Stephens, the standard variety grown in the area, was outyielded by four of the winter wheat cultivars, including two of the hybrids. The highest yielding cultivar was a hybrid, Bounty 100, which yielded 5853 pounds per acre (23% higher than Stephens).

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Книги з теми "Barley sorts of winter":

Morrison, Kenneth J. Showin winter barley. Pullman, [Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture & Home Economics, Washington State University, 1986.

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Fielder, Andrew. Interactions between variety and sowing date for winter wheat and winter barley. London: Home-Grown Cereals Authority, 1988.

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Conry, M. J. Winterbarley: Production manual. [Dublin]: An Foras Talúntais, 1987.

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Hinman, Herbert. 1990 crop enterprise budgets: Spring barley, summer fallow, winter wheat rotation, Garfield County, Washington. [Pullman, Wash: Cooperative Extension, College of Agriculture and Home Economics, Washington State University, 1990.

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Hinman, Herbert. 1997 enterprise budgets, summer fallow, winter wheat, spring barley rotation, Columbia County, Washington State. [Pullman, Wash.]: Cooperative Extension, Washington State University, 1997.

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Mamo, Adisu Berhan. Investigations on the natural control of cereal aphids by predators and parasitoids in spring barley in Ethiopia and winter wheat in Germany. Berlin: Dissertation.de, 2003.

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Hinman, Herbert. 1992 crop enterprise budgets for spring barley and summer fallow- winter wheat in the 13-15 inch rainfall region of Asotin County, Washington. [Pullman, Wash.]: Washington State University, Cooperative Extension, 1992.

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Winter barley: Managed disease control. Alnwick: Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, 1985.

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Hopkins, Alston Grey. No-till and conventionally tilled winter barley production with respect to landscape position. 1988.

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Pan, Aihong. Genetic analysis of vernalization, photoperiod, and winter hardiness in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.). 1994.

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Частини книг з теми "Barley sorts of winter":

Pržulj, Novo, Vojislava Momèiloviæ, Dragan Perović, and Miloš Nožinić. "Variation in Phenological Development of Winter Barley." In Advance in Barley Sciences, 401–12. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4682-4_34.

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Momčilović, Vojislava, Novo Pržulj, Miloš Nožinić, and Dragan Perović. "Leaf Number and Thermal Requirements for Leaf Development in Winter Barley." In Advance in Barley Sciences, 413–25. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4682-4_35.

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Chen, Tony H. H., Patrick M. Hayes, Aihong Pan, Fu Qiang Chen, Karen van Zee, Thomas K. Blake, Timothy J. Close, and Ildiko Karsai. "Marker-Assisted Genetic Analysis of Winter Hardiness in Barley." In Physical Stresses in Plants, 65–70. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-61175-9_7.

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Takáč, J., and B. Šiška. "Climate Change Impact on Spring Barley and Winter Wheat Yields on Danubian Lowland." In Bioclimatology and Natural Hazards, 283–88. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-8876-6_24.

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Andrews, Christopher J., and Ramesh C. Sinha. "Interactions Between Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus Infection and Winter-Stress Tolerance in Cereals." In Advances in Disease Vector Research, 73–101. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9044-2_4.

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Akiyama, Nobumasa. "AI Nuclear Winter or AI That Saves Humanity? AI and Nuclear Deterrence." In Robotics, AI, and Humanity, 161–70. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54173-6_13.

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AbstractNuclear deterrence is an integral aspect of the current security architecture and the question has arisen whether adoption of AI will enhance the stability of this architecture or weaken it. The stakes are very high. Stable deterrence depends on a complex web of risk perceptions. All sorts of distortions and errors are possible, especially in moments of crisis. AI might contribute toward reinforcing the rationality of decision-making under these conditions (easily affected by the emotional disturbances and fallacious inferences to which human beings are prone), thereby preventing an accidental launch or unintended escalation. Conversely, judgments about what does or does not suit the “national interest” are not well suited to AI (at least in its current state of development). A purely logical reasoning process based on the wrong values could have disastrous consequences, which would clearly be the case if an AI-based machine were allowed to make the launch decision (this virtually all experts would emphatically exclude), but grave problems could similarly arise if a human actor relied too heavily on AI input.

Montiel-Canobra, Pedro O., J. W. Bradbeer, and N. M. Darrall. "Effects of SO2 on Photosynthetic Carbon Metabolism in Leaves of Winter Barley (Hordeum vulgare CV. IGRI)." In Current Research in Photosynthesis, 3393–96. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0511-5_762.

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MacNaeidhe, F. S., and G. A. Fleming. "The effect of zinc and magnesium application on ear density, grain development and grain yield of winter and spring barley (Hordeum vulgare) crops on some Irish soils." In Plant Nutrition — Physiology and Applications, 251–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0585-6_42.

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Brown, James K. M. "Achievements in breeding cereals with durable disease resistance in Northwest Europe." In Achieving durable disease resistance in cereals. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0092.39.

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Breeding cereals in Northwest Europe for durable resistance has made an important contribution to control of almost all economically significant diseases and pests of wheat, barley and oats. Durable resistance to fungal diseases is largely polygenic and quantitative, with the important exception of mlo resistance to powdery mildew of spring barley. Resistance to powdery mildew of winter wheat, spring barley and spring oats, brown rust of winter barley and Septoria nodorum blotch of wheat has been especially effective and durable. Resistance to Barley yellow mosaic virus and orange wheat blossom midge has used single genes which have so far been durable. Plant breeders are increasingly producing varieties with high or moderate resistance to all the most important diseases, and have successfully combined durable resistance with other traits which are important to farmers and end-users, including high yield, marketable grain quality and desirable agronomic properties.

MACKIE-DAWSON, L. A., and L. A. F. MORRICE. "The Influence of Cultivation on Root Growth of Winter Barley." In Plant Roots and their Environment, 472–79. Elsevier, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-444-89104-4.50065-7.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Barley sorts of winter":

Kagermazova A.C., A. C., and O. K. Tsagoeva O.K. "Photosynthetic activity and yield of winter barley plants." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-42.

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When growing winter malting barley, nitrogen fertilizers, along with the correct choice of varieties, are the most important factor in obtaining high yields and high technological qualities of grain. Our studies have shown that the size and dynamics of leaf surface formation are influenced by the dose and combination of mineral fertilizers. It was determined that the average indicators of photosynthetic activity of plants of the studied varieties are characterized for the better when N30P30 is added to the soil against the background of N45P45K45 in the Mikhailo variety.

Oehlschlager, J., U. Schmidhalter, and P. O. Noack. "UAV-Based Hyperspectral Sensing for Yield Prediction in Winter Barley." In 2018 9th Workshop on Hyperspectral Image and Signal Processing: Evolution in Remote Sensing (WHISPERS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/whispers.2018.8747260.

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Veretelnikova, N. A., T. E. Kuznetsova, V. V. Nesterenko, and N. V. Serkin. "Source material for breeding winter barley for resistance to leaf diseases." In CURRENT STATE, PROBLEMS AND PROSPECTS OF THE DEVELOPMENT OF AGRARIAN SCIENCE. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/09.09.2019.67.

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Grigorov, Tatiana, Larisa Andronic, Svetlana Smerea, and Vadim Racu. "Variation of quantitative traits in hybrid population (F4) of winter barley." In XIth International Congress of Geneticists and Breeders from the Republic of Moldova. Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Moldova State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/cga11.2021.065.

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Khokonova M. B., M. B. "Quality and yield of winter barley grain when used for brewing purposes." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-41.

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Börjesson, T., S. Wolters, and M. Söderström. "Satellite-based modelling of protein content in winter wheat and malting barley." In 12th European Conference on Precision Agriculture. The Netherlands: Wageningen Academic Publishers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3920/978-90-8686-888-9_72.

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Mikhailouskaya, N. A., D. V. Voitka, E. K. Yuzefovich, and T. B. Barashenko. "Effect of three-component microbial inoculant on winter rye and spring barley yields." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.17.

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One of the modern techniques of improving microbial preparations efficiency is a combination of several microorganisms with different beneficial properties in one inoculant. Taking into account the role of nitrogen and potassium nutrition and their synergism, it is essential to develop preparations of N2-fixing and K-mobilizing rhizobacteria, especially Azospirillum sp. and Bacillus sp. Effective biological control of root infections is of great importance in order to prevent crop yield losses. Among soil antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma sp. is the most promising one. Microbial inoculant includes three components: Azospirillum brasilеnse 2(b)3 + Bacillus circulans K-81 + Trichoderma longibrachiatum L-7 (1:1:1). Combined application of rhizobacteria A. brasilense + B. сirculans induced significant hormonal effect. Roots dry mass increased by 28%, roots length per plant – by 25%, stem dry mass – by 33%. In the field experiment, the treatment of barley by microbial inoculant provided the reduction of root rot incidence by 52.0–58.0%, disease development (waxy ripeness) – by 2.6–2.9 times, biological efficiency was 66.3–69.5%. Treatment of winter rye resulted in the reduction of disease incidence by 42.4–45.0%, disease development (milky ripeness) – by 2.0–2.6 times, biological efficiency – 50.2–61.2% according to soil-erosion catena. Beneficial influence of inoculation on plant development and nutrition, as well as effective biological control of plant diseases, provided significant crop responses: for winter rye – 3.8-4.5 c ha-1 or 7.0% - 9.8%, for spring barley – 5,2 – 4.9 c ha-1 or 9.3% – 9.2% according to soil-erosion catena. Microbial inoculant exhibits the properties of plant growth promoter, biological fertilizer, and biological fungicide.

Perepechai, M. I. "Influence of herbicides on the weediness and yield of barley under different technologies of tillage in the Smolensk region." In Растениеводство и луговодство. Тимирязевская сельскохозяйственная академия, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26897/978-5-9675-1762-4-2020-92.

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in studies on the influence of herbicides on the weediness and yield of barley under different technologies of tillage in the Smolensk region, it was found that the Reliable barley variety formed high yields (more than 4 t / ha) during winter plowing with an optimal dose of mineral fertilizers and when using herbicides.

Xu, Xin-gang, Xiao-he Gu, Xiao-yu Song, Bo Xu, Hai-yang Yu, Gui-jun Yang, and Hai-kuan Feng. "Assessing the ratio of leaf carbon to nitrogen in winter wheat and spring barley based on hyperspectral data." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Christopher M. U. Neale and Antonino Maltese. SPIE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2241754.

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Кишка, Мария, та И. Кречун. "Биологическая характеристика нового сорта озимого ячменя радана". У International Scientific Symposium "Plant Protection – Achievements and Prospects". Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Republic of Moldova, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/9789975347204.79.

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In this article the description of new variety of winter barley Radana are presented. This variety has been obtained by hybridization method and multiple individual selection. It has the high and stable productivity on years. On the average for the 2016-2019 years productivity made him to 5,55t/ha.

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Abbo, Shahal, Hongbin Zhang, Clarice Coyne, Amir Sherman, Dan Shtienberg, and George J. Vandemark. Winter chickpea; towards a new winter pulse for the semiarid Pacific Northwest and wider adaptation in the Mediterranean basin. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7597909.bard.

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Original objectives: [a] Screen an array of chickpea and wild annual Cicer germplasm for winter survival. [b] Genetic analysis of winter hardiness in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [c] Genetic analysis of vernalization response in domesticated x wild chickpea crosses. [d] Digital expression analysis of a core selection of breeding and germplasm lines of chickpea that differ in winter hardiness and vernalization. [e] Identification of the genes involved in the chickpea winter hardiness and vernalization and construction of gene network controlling these traits. [f] Assessing the phenotypic and genetic correlations between winter hardiness, vernalization response and Ascochyta blight response in chickpea. The complexity of the vernalization response and the inefficiency of our selection experiments (below) required quitting the work on ascochyta response in the framework of this project. Background to the subject: Since its introduction to the Palouse region of WA and Idaho, and the northern Great Plains, chickpea has been a spring rotation legume due to lack of winter hardiness. The short growing season of spring chickpea limits its grain yield and leaves relatively little stubble residue for combating soil erosion. In Israel, chilling temperatures limit pod setting in early springs and narrow the effective reproductive time window of the crop. Winter hardiness and vernalization response of chickpea alleles were lost due to a series of evolutionary bottlenecks; however, such alleles are prevalent in its wild progenitor’s genepool. Major conclusions, solutions, achievements: It appears that both vernalization response and winter hardiness are polygenic traits in the wild-domesticated chickpea genepool. The main conclusion from the fieldwork in Israel is that selection of domesticated winter hardy and vernalization responsive types should be conducted in late flowering and late maturity backgrounds to minimize interference by daylength and temperature response alleles (see our Plant Breeding paper on the subject). The main conclusion from the US winter-hardiness studies is that excellent lines have been identified for germplasm release and continued genetic study. Several of the lines have good seed size and growth habit that will be useful for introgressing winter-hardiness into current chickpea cultivars to develop releases for autumn sowing. We sequenced the transcriptomes and profiled the expression of genes in 87 samples. Differential expression analysis identified a total of 2,452 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between vernalized plants and control plants, of which 287 were shared between two or more Cicer species studied. We cloned 498 genes controlling vernalization, named CVRN genes. Each of the CVRN genes contributes to flowering date advance (FDA) by 3.85% - 10.71%, but 413 (83%) other genes had negative effects on FDA, while only 83 (17%) had positive effects on FDA, when the plant is exposed to cold temperature. The cloned CVRN genes provide new toolkits and knowledge to develop chickpea cultivars that are suitable for autumn-sowing. Scientific & agricultural implications: Unlike the winter cereals (barley, wheat) or pea, in which a single allelic change may induce a switch from winter to spring habit, we were unable to find any evidence for such major gene action in chickpea. In agricultural terms this means that an alternative strategy must be employed in order to isolate late flowering – ascochyta resistant (winter types) domesticated forms to enable autumn sowing of chickpea in the US Great Plains. An environment was identified in U.S. (eastern Washington) where autumn-sown chickpea production is possible using the levels of winter-hardiness discovered once backcrossed into advanced cultivated material with acceptable agronomic traits. The cloned CVRN genes and identified gene networks significantly advance our understanding of molecular mechanisms underlying plant vernalization in general, and chickpea in particular, and provide a new toolkit for switching chickpea from a spring-sowing to autumn-sowing crop.