Готові списки джерел за темами / Bath distillation

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Bath distillation"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021
Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Bath distillation"

1

Hawaidi, Ebrahim Ali Mohamed, Mustafa T. Yagub, and Riyad Ageli Saleh. "ACETONE RECOVERY USING BATCH DISTILLATION." Scientific Journal of Applied Sciences of Sabratha University 2, no. 2 (September 27, 2019): 82–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.47891/sabujas.v2i2.82-98.

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This study focuses on determining the feasibility of obtaining maximum mole percentage of acetone (99 mole%) in the distillate stream from a 3 mole% acetone waste stream using batch distillation. The device which is used in this work has eight trays that will act as the stages of the batch distillation. The effects of varying reflux ratio and heat load (power) on acetone concentration were studied. Moreover, the operating conditions for the bath distillation column such as flooding and weeping with the extreme limits of operation were considered. The temperatures were also be recorded at each tray. The McCabe-Thiele method was used to determine the theoretical number of trays and compared with actual trays (column efficiency). For a chemical analysis of acetone/water compositions a refractometer was used for a chemical analysis, known acetone/water concentrations were analysed and used to construct a calibration curve. The results obtained showed that, the acetone concentration increases with increasing reflux ratio until a highest concentration was reached. Then, the concentration gradually decreases with increasing reflux ratio. However, the distillate stream with 99 mole % acetone was achieved at a reflux ratio of R=3 and at both powers 0.5 kw and 0.7 kw. Finally, the highest overall column efficiency reached by this work was about 75%.
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2

Tao, Liu, Feng Tao, and Chen Wanchao. "Identification of volatile flavour components of Tuber melanosporum using simultaneous distillation-extraction." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 35, No. 6 (December 20, 2017): 483–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/31/2017-cjfs.

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Анотація:
Black truffles are famous for their unique flavours. Headspace solid-phase microextraction and the electronic nose have been used to analyse their flavours in some investigations. In a previous work, the volatile flavour compounds in black truffles harvested in China were extracted using simultaneous distillation-extraction (SDE) and analysed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Extraction conditions were optimised in that previous study and are now applied in the present work. The temperature of the solvent flask was maintained at 70°C using a water bath and the samples were placed in boiling water; extraction time was 3 hours. Fifty-seven volatile flavour compounds were tentatively identified, including seven alcohols, two acids, six esters, 12 aldehydes, 14 ketones, two phenols, six pyrazines, six sulphur compounds and three other components. Aldehydes and ketones were present at the highest levels.
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3

Tan, Hoi-Fang, Why-Ling Tan, N. Hamzah, M. H. K. Ng, B. S. Ooi, and C. P. Leo. "Membrane distillation crystallization using PVDF membrane incorporated with TiO2 nanoparticles and nanocellulose." Water Supply 20, no. 5 (April 22, 2020): 1629–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2020.068.

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Abstract Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membrane was improved using TiO2 nanoparticles and nanocellulose for membrane distillation crystallization in this work. Besides the addition of TiO2 nanoparticles and nanocellulose, PVDF membrane was post-modified with octadecyltrichlorosilane after phase inversion using a dual coagulation bath. The addition of hydrophilic TiO2 nanoparticles and nanocellulose reduced membrane hydrophobicity, but the dispersed TiO2 nanoparticles assisted silane modification to improve surface hydrophobicity. Besides reducing the agglomeration of TiO2 nanoparticles, nanocellulose induced the formation of larger pore size and higher porosity as proven in SEM images and gravimetric measurement, respectively. The abundant moieties of nanocellulose accelerated the exchange between solvent and non-solvent during phase inversion for the formation of large pore size and porosity, but membrane thickness increased due to the thickening effects. The modified membrane showed higher water permeate flux in membrane distillation with salt rejection greater than 97%. Severe fouling in membrane distillation crystallization was not observed.
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4

Dayanandan, Nanditha, Kavin Kalyaan Marappan Palanisamy, Ashish Kapoor, and Prabhakar Sivaraman. "Influence of N-Butanol Composition on Membrane Performance in Coagulation Bath for Membrane Distillation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2007, no. 1 (August 1, 2021): 012043. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2007/1/012043.

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5

Frishman, Einat, Moshe Shapiro, and Paul Brumer. "Optical purification of racemic mixtures by laser distillation in the presence of a dissipative bath." Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics 37, no. 13 (June 29, 2004): 2811–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-4075/37/13/015.

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6

Hu, Cuicui, Zhensheng Yang, Qichao Sun, Zhihua Ni, Guofei Yan, and Zhiying Wang. "Facile Preparation of a Superhydrophobic iPP Microporous Membrane with Micron-Submicron Hierarchical Structures for Membrane Distillation." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 20, 2020): 962. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040962.

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Анотація:
A facile method combining micro-molding with thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) to prepare superhydrophobic isotacticpolypropylene (iPP) microporous membranes with micron-submicron hierarchical structures is proposed in this paper. In this study, the hydrophobicity of the membrane was controlled by changing the size of micro-structures on the micro-structured mold and the temperature of the cooling bath. The best superhydrophobicity was achieved with a high water contact angle (WCA) of 161° and roll-off angle of 2°, which was similar to the lotus effect. The permeability of the membrane was greatly improved and the mechanical properties were maintained. The membrane prepared by the new method and subjected to 60h vacuum membrane distillation (VMD) was compared with a conventional iPP membrane prepared via the TIPS process. The flux of the former membrane was 31.2 kg/m2·h, and salt rejection was always higher than 99.95%, which was obviously higher than that of the latter membrane. The deposition of surface fouling on the former membrane was less and loose, and that of the latter membrane was greater and steady, which was attributed to the micron-submicron hierarchical structure of the former and the single submicron-structure of the latter. Additionally, the new method is expected to become a feasible and economical method for producing an ideal membrane for membrane distillation (MD) on a large scale.
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7

Yang, Cheng-Dau, Hsu-Hsien Chang, and Liao-Ping Cheng. "Preparation of particulate polyvinylidene fluoride membranes of different particle sizes for membrane distillation applications." Journal of Polymer Engineering 39, no. 3 (February 25, 2019): 254–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/polyeng-2018-0181.

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Abstract Microporous polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes were prepared by immersion precipitation of dimethylformamide/PVDF solutions, dissolved at 50°C, 60°C, 70°C, and 80°C in a nonsolvent bath. The formed membranes (M50, M60, M70, and M80) exhibited symmetric structures consisting of spherical particles whose size increased from ~1 μm for M50 to ~3 μm for M80. The desalination capabilities of the membranes were assessed via the direct contact membrane distillation process. For the case of desalting 3.5% NaCl(aq), very high rejection ratios (>99.7%) were achieved for all tested membranes under the operation conditions: Thot stream=52°C, Tcold stream=18°C, circulation rate=0.7 l/min, while the highest permeation flux obtainable was 16.3 l/m2h (LMH). When the feed temperature or circulation rate was raised, the permeation flux increased correspondingly. On the other hand, raising the salt concentration resulted in a strong decrease of the permeation flux. For the membrane M60 operated over the period of 48 h, the flux decreased slightly from 11.6 to 10.5 LMH, while the conductivity increased from 1.5 to 27 μs/cm indicating the occurrence of slight surface wetting during this extended operation period.
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8

Emamirad, Mohammad Hossein, and Sirus Javadpour. "Effect of hydrophilic silica and dual coagulation bath on structural and mechanical properties of PVDF membrane for membrane distillation." Journal of Environmental Health Science and Engineering 18, no. 2 (September 6, 2020): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40201-020-00477-w.

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9

Zgherea, Gheorghe. "The Mixtures of 2.4-Dinitrophenylhidrazones of Inferior Carbonyl Compounds and their HPLC Separation with Gradient Binary Mixtures Phases." Chemistry Journal of Moldova 3, no. 1 (June 2008): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19261/cjm.2008.03(1).02.

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Анотація:
Mixtures of small quantities of carbonyl compounds are presents in foods, concerning sensorial qualities. The inferior carbonyl compounds (C2-C4, boiling point <100°C) – mono and dicarbonyl – can be identified and measured their concentrations, after a separation by distillation on the water bath. They are transferred in a strongly acid solution of 2.4-dinitrophenylhidrazine (2.4-DNPH), generating a mixture of insoluble 2.4-dinitrophenylhidrazones (2.4-DNPH-ones). The 2.4-DNPH-ones are organic compounds with weak polarity, solids, crystallized, yellows and water insoluble, soluble in organic solvents. The mixture of 2.4dinitrophenylhidrazones may be separated by liquid chromatography, using the reverse phase mechanism [1-3]. This paper contains experimental and theoretical considerations to the means of separation through liquid chromatography of two synthetically and a natural mixtures that contain 2.4-DNPH-ones provided by inferior carbonyl compounds; to obtain conclude results, in the synthetically mixtures was introduce and 2.4-DNPH-ones provided by carbonyl compounds having three (acetone and propanal) and four (isobutyl aldehyde) atoms of carbon.
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10

Yadav, Meenakshi, Sushant Upadhyaya, Kailash Singh, and Manish Vashishtha. "Morphological Study of Fabricated PVDF Based Hydrophobic Membrane for Different Additives and Coagulation Bath Temperature." Asian Journal of Water, Environment and Pollution 18, no. 3 (July 29, 2021): 39–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/ajw210027.

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Анотація:
The demand of membrane distillation (MD) has increased since last few decades for numerous applications. The membrane used in MD is hydrophobic; therefore, the focus has been emphasised on the development of a suitable membrane with desired microstructure. In this study, the flat sheet hydrophobic membrane of suitable properties has been casted with various additives such as water, ethane-di-ol, and propan-2-ol in dope solution using a non-solvent induced phase separation (NIPS) technique. The effect of water content in dope solution has been studied on casted membrane porosity and contact angle. The maximum contact angle and porosity were found to be 96° and 53.23% at 4 weight percent of water content in dope solution of PVDF polymer and di.methyl.acetamide as solvent. It was found that SEM micrograph when ethane-di-ol and propan-2-ol are used as an additive shows more finger-like pores and nodules, respectively, in the microstructure of the casted membrane. Furthermore, synergistic effects using water with other additives were also identified using SEM micrograph of casted membrane and it was observed that water with ethane-di-ol and propan-2-ol form contact angle of 98° and 105°, respectively, for 2 weight percent each additive in dope. In this study, the membrane was also cast by dissolving PVDF powder in di.methyl.acetamide solvent with lithium chloride and the effect of the temperature difference between coagulation bath and film temperature was investigated using an SEM micrograph. Overall, it was found that water content and temperature difference aid in developing hydrophobic porous membrane of desired properties for MD applications.
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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Bath distillation"

1

Bonsfills, Anna. "Contribuición al estudio de la operación de destilación discontinua mediante simulación." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/6470.

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Анотація:
El treball presentat en aquesta tesi pretén contribuir a l'estudi mediambiental de la limitació de les emissions de components orgànics volàtils (VOCs), degudes a l'ús de dissolvents orgànics en determinades activitats i instal·lacions industrials, mitjançant la tècnica de la destil·lació discontinua o batch.

Amb aquest objectiu s'ha treballat amb un model matemàtic senzill, basat en els balanços de matèria i en les relacions d'equilibri líquid-vapor, que permeti d'una forma ràpida predir la separació per destil·lació batch de mescles líquides de VOCs. El llenguatge de programació utilitzat ha estat el Fortran 77. Per a poder comprovar la bondat del model en diversos escenaris i la seva eventual millora i validació, s'ha realitzat el muntatge i la posta a punt d' una planta pilot de destil·lació batch.

El model s'ha aplicat en primer lloc a la simulació d'una mescla binària (metanol-aigua), per a poder estudiar el seu comportament en la predicció de la separació per destil·lació batch dels components. Les simulacions realitzades amb el model s'han comparat amb els experiments realitzats en la planta pilot i amb el simulador comercial Batchsim de Pro/II. La mescla metanol-aigua s'ha escollit especialment per a realitzar la posta a punt de la planta pilot, on la mescla citada és la primera que s'experimenta en la planta.

Després d'estudiar la mescla binària, el model s'ha aplicat a una mescla ternària (ciclohexà toluè-clorobenzè). Els resultats obtinguts mitjançant la simulació del model s'han comparat amb els experiments realitzats en la planta pilot i amb el simulador Batchsim de Pro/II, per poder estudiar la capacitat de predicció del model a escala industrial.

Una vegada estudiat el model i la seva validació per a mescles reals sense azeòtrop, el següent pas ha estat estudiar si el model és capaç de predir el comportament de mescles azeotròpiques binàries. Així, el model s'ha aplicat a un azeòtrop binari de mínim punt d' ebullició (toluè-n-butanol). A l'igual que en les mescles anteriors estudiades, els resultats obtinguts per simulació amb la mescla azeotròpica s'han comparat amb els resultats experimentals obtinguts en la planta pilot i amb el simulador Batchsim de Pro/II.

En l'última part del treball s'estudia la resolució de l'azeòtrop toluè-n-butanol mitjançant l' addició d' n-octanol. Els resultats obtinguts per simulació es comparen amb els obtinguts experimentalment i amb el simulador Batchsim de Pro/II.

Després d'estudiar l'aplicació del model senzill a les diferents mescles, es pot concloure que el model utilitzat és una eina útil i vàlida que permet estudiar la separació de mescles binàries i multicomponents per destil·lació batch, així como mescles azeotròpiques binàries. Permet col·laborar en la reutilització de compostos orgànics volàtils, com els dissolvents, i en l'estudi de descàrrega zero en les indústries químiques de procés discontinu, en especial en el sector de la química fina. Aquestes indústries han de disposar de models senzills i de resposta ràpida, com el presentat en aquesta tesi, per poder fer front a les normatives ambientals cada vegada més estrictes.

Per altra banda, les característiques del model el fan apropiat per al càlcul del temps d' operació de separació per destil·lació batch, en programes de seqüenciació òptima d' operacions de processos batch. Els programes informàtics realitzats en aquesta tesi pretenen contribuir a la resolució de problemes de programació d'operacions (scheduling), dins de la planificació de la producció (planning) de plantes discontinues.
El trabajo presentado en esta tesis pretende contribuir al estudio medioambiental de la limitación de las emisiones de componentes orgánicos volátiles (VOCs), debidas al uso de disolventes orgánicos, en determinadas actividades e instalaciones industriales, mediante la técnica de la destilación discontinua o batch.

Para ello se ha trabajado con un modelo matemático sencillo, basado en los balances de materia y en las relaciones de equilibrio líquido-vapor, que permita de una forma rápida predecir la separación por destilación batch de mezclas líquidas de VOCs. El lenguaje de programación utilizado ha sido el Fortran 77. Para poder comprobar la bondad del modelo en diversos escenarios y su eventual mejora y validación, se ha realizado el montaje y la puesta a punto de una planta piloto de destilación batch.

El modelo se ha aplicado en primer lugar a la simulación de una mezcla binaria (metanol-agua), para poder estudiar su comportamiento en la predicción de la separación por destilación batch de los componentes. Las simulaciones realizadas con el modelo se han comparado con los experimentos realizados en la planta piloto y con el simulador comercial Batchsim de Pro/II. La mezcla metanol-agua se ha escogido especialmente para realizar la puesta a punto de la planta piloto, donde dicha mezcla es la primera que se experimenta en la planta.

Después de estudiar la mezcla binaria, el modelo se ha aplicado a una mezcla ternaria (ciclohexano-tolueno-clorobenceno). Los resultados obtenidos mediante la simulación del modelo se han comparado con las experiencias realizadas en la planta piloto y con el simulador Batchsim de Pro/II, para poder estudiar la capacidad de predicción del modelo a escala industrial.

Una vez estudiado el modelo y su validación para mezclas reales sin azeótropo, el siguiente paso ha sido estudiar si el modelo es capaz de predecir el comportamiento de mezclas azeotrópicas binarias. Para ello, el modelo se ha aplicado a un azeótropo binario de mínimo punto de ebullición (tolueno-n-butanol). Al igual que en las mezclas anteriores estudiadas, los resultados obtenidos por simulación con la mezcla azeotrópica se han comparado con los resultados experimentales obtenidos en la planta piloto y con el simulador Batchsim de Pro/II.

En la última parte del trabajo se estudia la resolución del azeótropo tolueno-n-butanol mediante la adición de n-octanol. Los resultados obtenidos por simulación se comparan con los obtenidos experimentalmente y con el simulador Batchsim de Pro/II.

Después de estudiar la aplicación del modelo sencillo a las distintas mezclas, se puede concluir que el modelo utilizado es una herramienta útil y válida que permite estudiar la separación de mezclas binarias y multicomponentes por destilación batch, así como mezclas azeotrópicas binarias. Permite colaborar en la reutilización de compuestos orgánicos volátiles, como los disolventes, y en el estudio de descarga cero en las industrias químicas de proceso discontinuo, en especial en el sector de química fina. Estas industrias deben disponer de modelos sencillos y de respuesta rápida, como el presentado en esta tesis, para poder hacer frente a las normativas ambientales cada vez más estrictas.

Por otro lado, las características del modelo lo hacen apropiado para el cálculo de tiempos de operación de separación por destilación batch, en programas de secuenciación óptima de operaciones de procesos batch. Los programas informáticos realizados en esta tesis pretenden contribuir a la resolución de problemas de programación de operaciones (scheduling), dentro de la planificación de la producción (planning) de plantas discontinuas.
The work presented in this thesis pretends to be a contribution to the environmental study of the limitation of the emissions from volatile organic compounds (VOCs), due to the use of organic solvents, in certain activities and industrial installations, by discontinuous or batch distillation.

A simplified mathematic model based on mass balances and vapor-liquid equilibrium has been used to predict the separation of liquid mixtures of VOCs by batch distillation. The model has been implemented in Fortran 77. A pilot plant of batch distillation has been constructed in order to validate the results obtained by simulation with the model.

First the model has been applied to the simulation of a binary mixture (methanol-water), in order to study the degree of separation of the components in the mixture. The results obtained with the model have been compared with those obtained in the pilot plant and with the commercial simulator Batchsim of Pro/II. The methanol-water mixture is the first mixture that has been experimented in the pilot plant and has served for the start-up of the pilot plant.

After the binary mixture has been successfully studied, the model has been applied to a ternary mixture (cyclohexane-toluene-chlorobenzene). The results obtained by simulation have been compared with the experiences in the pilot plant and with the simulator Batchsim of Pro/II, in order to study the capacity of the model to describe industrial situations.

Once the model has been validated for real mixtures without azeotrope, the model has been applied to a binary azeotropic mixture with a minimum boiling point (toluene-n-butanol) in order to study if the model can predict the behavior of this kind of mixtures. Also, the results obtained with the model have been compared with those obtained in the pilot plant and with those obtained with the simulator Batchsim of Pro/II.

In the last part of the thesis, the resolution of the binary azeotrope toluene-n-butanol has been studied with the simplified model, by adding n-octanol. The results obtained by simulation have been compared with those obtained in the pilot plant and those obtained with the simulator Batchsim of Pro/II.

It can be concluded that the simplified model is a useful and valid tool that permits the study of the separation of binary and multicomponent mixtures by batch distillation, and also binary azeotropic mixtures. The model permits to contribute to the reuse of volatile organic compounds, like solvents, and to study zero discharge in the batch chemical industries, specially in the industry of fine chemicals. These kind of industries need simplified and quick models, like the model presented in this thesis, in order to accomplish environmental restrictions.

The simplified model is also interesting for being applied to calculate operation times in batch process scheduling and in this way to contribute to a better planning of industrial plants.
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2

Jain, Santosh. "Sythesis of batch distillation processes." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.506437.

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3

Ukeje-Eloagu, Chibuike Igbokwe. "Tray efficiency effects in batch distillation." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1998. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/13643/.

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Анотація:
Computer simulation has long been recognised as a useful tool in improved process operation and design studies. Commercial simulation packages now available for batch distillation studies typically assume constant tray efficiency. Here, on the basis of both practical work and computer simulation, the effects of tray efficiency variation with tray liquid composition on model accuracy and column performance are investigated. Detailed modelling studies were carried out on a pilot batch distillation unit and tray efficiency was found to be an important factor affecting the model fidelity. Distillation of different methanol/water mixtures revealed that tray efficiency varies with the mixture composition on the tray, the form of the variation being for the efficiency to pass through a minimum at intermediate compositions. This variation of tray efficiency with tray composition is a known phenomenon, which has not been included in batch distillation simulations even though tray compositions change significantly during a batch run. The model developed in this work (Variable Efficiency Model) includes the tray efficiency variation with mixture composition and results in an evident improvement in model accuracy for methanol/water distillation. The potential effects of strong tray efficiency dependence on mixture composition, at a more general level, are investigated using two case studies, based on hypothetical extensions of the tray efficiency concentration dependence observed for methanol/water mixtures. In extreme cases, the efficiency-composition dependence could introduce a significant additional non-linearity to the process behaviour, resulting in unexpected composition and temperature movements. To quantify the potential significance of these effects, the economic performance of a column based on simulation using the Variable Efficiency Model was compared with its performance, using an overall column efficiency (which is the common practice). Using fixed column efficiency was found to under-predict column performance for low purity products and over-predict performance for high purity products.
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4

Mujtaba, Iqbal Mohammed. "Optimal operational policies in batch distillation." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/47580.

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5

Hegely, Laszlo. "Improvement of Batch Distillation Separation of Azeotropic Mixtures." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/10671/1/hegely.pdf.

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Анотація:
Distillation is the most widespread method for separating liquid mixtures. The separation of azeotropic mixtures requires a special distillation method. My aim was to improve the batch distillation separation of azeotropic mixtures. A new algorithm was presented for the determination of product sequences of batch distillation of multicomponent azeotropic mixtures. Non-conventional configurations were studied by simulation with emphasis on closed operation. The effects of off-cut recycle on a six-batch separation process of a waste solvent mixture were also investigated. Batch extractive distillation was studied for the separation of two azeotropic mixtures. A new extractive policy was also proposed. A generalised model of batch heteroazeotropic distillation with variable decanter hold-up was developed. This model was extended for batch heterogeneous extractive distillation.
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6

Bryson, James R. "Reduced models for batch and continuous distillation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319468.

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7

Todd, Heather Elizabeth. "Investigating catalyst performance in batch reactive distillation." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/1244.

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Анотація:
Reactive distillation (RD) combines chemical synthesis with separation by distillation, but this leads to a non-trivial system: the hardware selection, the system components, the mode of operation and the operating conditions all affect the performance of the RD process. A key process development issue is the identification of suitable catalysts that perform well under reactive distillation conditions, as catalysts are crucial for increasing reaction rate when operating temperature range is limited by evaporation. The main goal of this research is to develop a method, utilizing high throughput technology, which can be used to assess many candidate catalysts for batch RD systems. The identification of potentially suitable catalysts should be made as early as possible, but before experimental work begins the only information available is the catalyst composition and structure. The approach taken in this research is to correlate catalyst properties to the performance in RD tests and the outputs from the dynamic simulations. The case study used is a batch reactive distillation for the esterification of a long-chain fatty acid. Potential catalysts are studied at small scale in a high throughput platform, and further investigation if performaed in an experimental batch RD unit. The most active of the screened catalysts, sulfuric acid and MSA also have the highest initial activity under RD. Heteropoly acids appear to have a good activity level, while ferric sulfate gives intermediate but apparently increasing activity. Some outcomes of the RD experiments were unexpected: the strong homogeneous acid catalysts entail low distillate water yield, and some metal acetates had higher activity than anticipated in the RD tests. This demonstrates that pilot scale experiments currently remain necessary for the evaluation of catalyst performance for RD processes. The insights gained from this study lead to key recommendations for future studies: an increased scope of study with a larger number of candidates which preferable have similar structure; evaluation of additional catalyst performance indicators, performed over the full operating temperature range; use of the smallest suitable experimental column; and more focus on physical factors such as solubility. Use of a simulator with an established physical property calculation tool is essential for successful simulations of batch RD.
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8

Furlonge, Haydn Ian. "Optimal operation of unconventional batch distillation columns." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/8078.

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9

Edreder, E. A. "Modelling and optimisation of batch distillation involving esterification and hydrolysis reaction systems. Modelling and optimisation of conventional and unconventional batch distillation process: Application to esterification of methanol and ethanol using acetic acid and hydrolysis of methyl lactate system." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4296.

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Batch distillation with chemical reaction when takes place in the same unit is referred to as batch reactive distillation process. The combination reduces the capital and operating costs considerably. Among many different types of batch reactive distillation column configurations, (a) conventional (b) inverted (c) semi-batch columns are considered here. Three reaction schemes such as (a) esterification of methanol (b) esterification of ethanol (c) hydrolysis of methyl lactate are studied here. Four different types of dynamic optimisation problems such as (a) maximum conversion (b) maximum productivity (c) maximum profit and (d) minimum time are formulated in this work. Optimal design and or operation policies are obtained for all the reaction schemes. A detailed rigorous dynamic model consisting of mass, energy balances, chemical reaction and thermodynamic properties is considered for the process. The model was incorporated within the dynamic optimisation problems. Control Vector Parameterisation (CVP) technique was used to convert the dynamic optimisation problem into a nonlinear programming problem which was solved using efficient SQP (Successive Quadratic Programming) method available within the gPROMS (general PROcess Modelling System) software. It is observed that multi-reflux ratio or linear reflux operation always led to better performance in terms of conversion, productivity for all reaction schemes compared to that obtained using single reflux operation. Feed dilution (in the case of ethanol esterification) led to more profit even though productivity was found to be lower. This was due to reduction in feed price because of feed dilution. Semi-batch reactive distillation opertation (for ethanol esterification) led to better conversion compared to conventional batch distillation, however, the total amount of acetic acid (reactant) was greater in semi-batch operation. Optimisation of design and operation (for ethanol esterification) clearly showed that a single cloumn will not lead to profitable operation for all possible product demand profile. Also change in feed and /or product price may lead to adjust the production target to maximise the profitability. In batch distillation, total reflux operation is recommended or observed at the begining of the operation (as is the case for methnaol or ethanol esterification). However, in the case of hydrolysis, total reflux operation was obseved at the end of the operation. This was due to lactic acid (being the heaviest) was withrawn as the final bottom product.
Libyan Petroleum Institute
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10

Edreder, Elmahboub A. "Modelling and optimisation of batch distillation involving esterification and hydrolysis reaction systems : modelling and optimisation of conventional and unconventional batch distillation process : application to esterification of methanol and ethanol using acetic acid and hydrolysis of methyl lactate system." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4296.

Повний текст джерела
Анотація:
Batch distillation with chemical reaction when takes place in the same unit is referred to as batch reactive distillation process. The combination reduces the capital and operating costs considerably. Among many different types of batch reactive distillation column configurations, (a) conventional (b) inverted (c) semi-batch columns are considered here. Three reaction schemes such as (a) esterification of methanol (b) esterification of ethanol (c) hydrolysis of methyl lactate are studied here. Four different types of dynamic optimisation problems such as (a) maximum conversion (b) maximum productivity (c) maximum profit and (d) minimum time are formulated in this work. Optimal design and or operation policies are obtained for all the reaction schemes. A detailed rigorous dynamic model consisting of mass, energy balances, chemical reaction and thermodynamic properties is considered for the process. The model was incorporated within the dynamic optimisation problems. Control Vector Parameterisation (CVP) technique was used to convert the dynamic optimisation problem into a nonlinear programming problem which was solved using efficient SQP (Successive Quadratic Programming) method available within the gPROMS (general PROcess Modelling System) software. It is observed that multi-reflux ratio or linear reflux operation always led to better performance in terms of conversion, productivity for all reaction schemes compared to that obtained using single reflux operation. Feed dilution (in the case of ethanol esterification) led to more profit even though productivity was found to be lower. This was due to reduction in feed price because of feed dilution. Semi-batch reactive distillation opertation (for ethanol esterification) led to better conversion compared to conventional batch distillation, however, the total amount of acetic acid (reactant) was greater in semi-batch operation. Optimisation of design and operation (for ethanol esterification) clearly showed that a single cloumn will not lead to profitable operation for all possible product demand profile. Also change in feed and /or product price may lead to adjust the production target to maximise the profitability. In batch distillation, total reflux operation is recommended or observed at the begining of the operation (as is the case for methnaol or ethanol esterification). However, in the case of hydrolysis, total reflux operation was obseved at the end of the operation. This was due to lactic acid (being the heaviest) was withrawn as the final bottom product.
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Книги з теми "Bath distillation"

1

Batch distillation: Simulation, optimal design, and control. Washington, DC: Taylor & Francis, 1995.

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2

Aguilar-Garcia, C. Batch distillation of heat-sensitive substances. Manchester: UMIST, 1995.

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3

Batch distillation: Simulation, optimal design, and control. 2nd ed. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2011.

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4

E, Rijnsdorp John, International Federation of Automatic Control. Working Group on Chemical Process Control., and European Federation of Chemical Engineering., eds. Dynamics and control of chemical reactors, distillation columns, and batch processes: Selected papers from the IFAC Symposium, Maastricht, the Netherlands, 21-23 August 1989. Oxford, England: Published for the International Federation of Automatic Control by Pergamon Press, 1990.

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5

Diwekar, Urmila. Batch Distillation. CRC Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11705.

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6

Mujtaba, I. M. Batch Distillation. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/p319.

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7

Diwekar, Urmila. Batch Distillation: Simulation, Optimal Design, and Control, Second Edition. Taylor & Francis Group, 2017.

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8

Batch Distillation: Design and Operation (Series on Chemical Engineering ¿ Vol. 3). Imperial College Press, 2004.

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9

Dynamics and Control of Chemical Reactors, Distillation Columns and Batch Processes. Elsevier, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-00257-8.

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10

Dynamics and Control of Chemical Reactors, Distillation Columns and Batch Processes (Dycord'95). Elsevier, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/c2009-0-00861-7.

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Частини книг з теми "Bath distillation"

1

Muhrer, Cristian A., and William L. Luyben. "Batch Distillation." In Practical Distillation Control, 508–28. New York, NY: Springer US, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-0277-4_25.

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2

Nitsche, M., and R. Gbadamosi. "Discontinuous Batch Distillation." In Practical Column Design Guide, 165–85. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-51688-2_6.

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3

Macchietto, S., and I. M. Mujtaba. "Design of Operation Policies for Batch Distillation." In Batch Processing Systems Engineering, 174–215. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60972-5_9.

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4

Sørenson, Eva, and Sigurd Skogestad. "Control Strategies for a Combined Batch Reactor/Batch Distillation Process." In Batch Processing Systems Engineering, 274–94. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-60972-5_13.

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5

Duroudier, Jean-Paul. "Batch Distillation." In Distillation, 115–28. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-78548-177-2.50004-3.

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6

Barolo, M. "DISTILLATION | Batch Distillation." In Encyclopedia of Separation Science, 995–1004. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226770-2/04791-8.

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7

"INTRODUCTION." In Batch Distillation, 3–10. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860945465_0001.

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8

"COLUMN CONFIGURATIONS." In Batch Distillation, 11–16. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860945465_0002.

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9

"OPERATION." In Batch Distillation, 17–55. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860945465_0003.

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10

"MODELLING AND SIMULATION." In Batch Distillation, 56–115. PUBLISHED BY IMPERIAL COLLEGE PRESS AND DISTRIBUTED BY WORLD SCIENTIFIC PUBLISHING CO., 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/9781860945465_0004.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Bath distillation"

1

Maiti, Debadrita, Amiya K. Jana, Amar Nath Samanta, Swapan Paruya, Samarjit Kar, and Suchismita Roy. "Heat Integration in Batch Distillation Column." In INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON MODELING, OPTIMIZATION, AND COMPUTING (ICMOS 20110). AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3516310.

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2

Maulidda, Renny, Pranoto Hidaya Rusmin, Arief Syaichu Rohman, Egi Muhammad Idris Hidayat, and Dimitri Mahayana. "Modeling and Simulation of Mini Batch Distillation Column." In 2017 5th International Conference on Instrumentation, Communications, Information Technology, and Biomedical Engineering (ICICI-BME). IEEE, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icici-bme.2017.8537724.

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3

Jana, Amiya K. "A nonlinear exponential observer for a batch distillation." In Vision (ICARCV 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icarcv.2010.5707238.

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4

Kale, Shashikant R., and Sudhir D. Agashe. "Performance enhancement of Binary Batch Distillation Column Pilot Plant." In 2014 International Conference on Control, Instrumentation, Communication and Computational Technologies (ICCICCT). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccicct.2014.6992984.

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5

Castellanos-Sahagun, Eduardo, and Jesus Alvarez. "Temperature-temperature cascade control of binary batch distillation columns." In 2013 European Control Conference (ECC). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/ecc.2013.6669659.

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6

King, Michael S. A., and Ian G. Foulds. "Sensing System for Direct Monitoring of Small Batch Alcohol Distillation." In 2019 IEEE SENSORS. IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sensors43011.2019.8956511.

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7

COELHO VARGAS, JOSÉ VIRIATO, Wellington Balmant, and Iago Costa. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING OF BATCH DISTILLATION OF HYDROCARBONS PRODUCED BY MICROALGAE." In 24th ABCM International Congress of Mechanical Engineering. ABCM, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.26678/abcm.cobem2017.cob17-1556.

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8

Miranda, Moira, Andras Edelmayer, and Adriana Encinoza. "Case study of unscented state estimation for batch distillation processes." In 2011 9th IEEE International Conference on Control and Automation (ICCA). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icca.2011.6137937.

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9

Ayu, Wirenda Sekar, Pranoto Hidaya Rusmin, and Egi M. I. Hidayat. "Robust PID Control Design in CPS-based Batch Distillation Column." In 2019 6th International Conference on Electrical Engineering, Computer Science and Informatics (EECSI). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/eecsi48112.2019.8977083.

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Vorhauer, Nicole, Praveen Mathew, Hariharasudhan Gunasekaran, Minh Do, Savio Thalakkotoor, Vishnu Jayanand, Prathap Dhanasekaran, Chinmay Hegde, Benjith Kochupurakkal, and David Broneske. "3D ANIMATION OF SINGLE STAGE BATCH DISTILLATION FOR DISTANCE LEARNING." In 13th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2021.0146.

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