Готові списки джерел за темами / Biofluid dynamic

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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Biofluid dynamic"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 1 квітня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Biofluid dynamic"

Hove, Jay R. "In vivo biofluid dynamic imaging in the developing zebrafish." Birth Defects Research Part C: Embryo Today: Reviews 72, no. 3 (September 2004): 277–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bdrc.20019.

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Yin, Xuewen, and Junfeng Zhang. "Modeling the dynamic flow–fiber interaction for microscopic biofluid systems." Journal of Biomechanics 46, no. 2 (January 2013): 314–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jbiomech.2012.11.001.

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Dunphy, Katie, Kelly O’Mahoney, Paul Dowling, Peter O’Gorman, and Despina Bazou. "Clinical Proteomics of Biofluids in Haematological Malignancies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 15 (July 27, 2021): 8021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22158021.

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Since the emergence of high-throughput proteomic techniques and advances in clinical technologies, there has been a steady rise in the number of cancer-associated diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive biomarkers being identified and translated into clinical use. The characterisation of biofluids has become a core objective for many proteomic researchers in order to detect disease-associated protein biomarkers in a minimally invasive manner. The proteomes of biofluids, including serum, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and urine, are highly dynamic with protein abundance fluctuating depending on the physiological and/or pathophysiological context. Improvements in mass-spectrometric technologies have facilitated the in-depth characterisation of biofluid proteomes which are now considered hosts of a wide array of clinically relevant biomarkers. Promising efforts are being made in the field of biomarker diagnostics for haematologic malignancies. Several serum and urine-based biomarkers such as free light chains, β-microglobulin, and lactate dehydrogenase are quantified as part of the clinical assessment of haematological malignancies. However, novel, minimally invasive proteomic markers are required to aid diagnosis and prognosis and to monitor therapeutic response and minimal residual disease. This review focuses on biofluids as a promising source of proteomic biomarkers in haematologic malignancies and a key component of future diagnostic, prognostic, and disease-monitoring applications.

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Pelliccioni, O., M. Cerrolaza, and R. Surós. "A biofluid dynamic computer code using the general lattice Boltzmann equation." Advances in Engineering Software 39, no. 7 (July 2008): 593–611. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.advengsoft.2007.05.009.

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Lee, Sang Joon, Han Wook Park, and Sung Yong Jung. "Usage of CO2microbubbles as flow-tracing contrast media in X-ray dynamic imaging of blood flows." Journal of Synchrotron Radiation 21, no. 5 (July 31, 2014): 1160–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s1600577514013423.

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X-ray imaging techniques have been employed to visualize various biofluid flow phenomena in a non-destructive manner. X-ray particle image velocimetry (PIV) was developed to measure velocity fields of blood flows to obtain hemodynamic information. A time-resolved X-ray PIV technique that is capable of measuring the velocity fields of blood flows under real physiological conditions was recently developed. However, technical limitations still remained in the measurement of blood flows with high image contrast and sufficient biocapability. In this study, CO2microbubbles as flow-tracing contrast media for X-ray PIV measurements of biofluid flows was developed. Human serum albumin and CO2gas were mechanically agitated to fabricate CO2microbubbles. The optimal fabricating conditions of CO2microbubbles were found by comparing the size and amount of microbubbles fabricated under various operating conditions. The average size and quantity of CO2microbubbles were measured by using a synchrotron X-ray imaging technique with a high spatial resolution. The quantity and size of the fabricated microbubbles decrease with increasing speed and operation time of the mechanical agitation. The feasibility of CO2microbubbles as a flow-tracing contrast media was checked for a 40% hematocrit blood flow. Particle images of the blood flow were consecutively captured by the time-resolved X-ray PIV system to obtain velocity field information of the flow. The experimental results were compared with a theoretically amassed velocity profile. Results show that the CO2microbubbles can be used as effective flow-tracing contrast media in X-ray PIV experiments.

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Shi, Z. D., S. H. Winoto, and T. S. Lee. "Experimental Investigation of Pulsatile Flows in Tubes." Journal of Biomechanical Engineering 119, no. 2 (May 1, 1997): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2796082.

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Based on cam-piston-valve arrangement, a mechanical pulsatile flow generator is designed to investigate sinusoidal flow and other types of pulsatile flow in straight rigid tube. Measurement reveals the relation between pressure gradient and flow rate. Numerical simulation using the k-ε turbulence model are carried out to compare the pulsatile flow produced by the generator with a sinusoidal flow and a physiological flow in a rigid tube. The results show that the pulsatile flow generated has similar dynamic properties to the physiological flow. Hence, the present setup can be used for in-vitro investigation of biofluid phenomena.

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Schintke, Silvia, and Eleonora Frau. "Modulated 3D Cross-Correlation Dynamic Light Scattering Applications for Optical Biosensing and Time-Dependent Monitoring of Nanoparticle-Biofluid Interactions." Applied Sciences 10, no. 24 (December 16, 2020): 8969. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10248969.

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This paper reviews dynamic light scattering (DLS) of gold nanoparticle-protein interactions for the model protein bovine serum albumin (BSA), as well as in complex biofluids, at the example of mouse serum. DLS data of nanorods of various aspect ratio, of proteins and of mouse serum are discussed in terms of the analysis of their hydrodynamic radii, leading to the distinction of rotational and translational motion as well as to the detection of agglomerates. We address in particular advances obtained by modulated 3D cross correlation dynamic light scattering and recent progress using the CORENN algorithm for analysis of DLS data.

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Settles, Gary S. "Sniffers: Fluid-Dynamic Sampling for Olfactory Trace Detection in Nature and Homeland Security—." Journal of Fluids Engineering 127, no. 2 (February 10, 2005): 189–218. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1891146.

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Vertebrates aim their noses at regions of interest and sniff in order to acquire olfactory trace signals that carry information on food, reproduction, kinship, danger, etc. Invertebrates likewise position antennae in the surrounding fluid to acquire such signals. Some of the fluid dynamics of these natural sensing processes has been examined piecemeal, but the overall topic of sniffing is not well investigated or understood. It is, however, important for several human purposes, especially sampling schemes for sensors to detect chemical and biological traces in the environment. After establishing some background, a general appraisal is given of nature’s accomplishments in the fluid dynamics of sniffing. Opportunities are found for innovation through biomimicry. Since few artificial (“electronic”) noses can currently sniff in the natural sense, ways are considered to help them sniff effectively. Security issues such as explosive trace detection, landmine detection, chemical and biological sniffing, and people sampling are examined. Other sniffing applications including medical diagnosis and leak detection are also considered. Several research opportunities are identified in order to advance this topic of biofluid dynamics. Though written from a fluid dynamics perspective, this review is intended for a broad audience.

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RAVI KIRAN, G., G. RADHAKRISHNAMACHARYA, and O. ANWAR BÉG. "PERISTALTIC FLOW AND HYDRODYNAMIC DISPERSION OF A REACTIVE MICROPOLAR FLUID-SIMULATION OF CHEMICAL EFFECTS IN THE DIGESTIVE PROCESS." Journal of Mechanics in Medicine and Biology 17, no. 01 (February 2017): 1750013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219519417500130.

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The hydrodynamic dispersion of a solute in peristaltic flow of a reactive incompressible micropolar biofluid is studied as a model of chyme transport in the human intestinal system with wall effects. The long wavelength approximation, Taylor's limiting condition and dynamic boundary conditions at the flexible walls are used to obtain the average effective dispersion coefficient in the presence of combined homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reactions. The effects of various pertinent parameters on the effective dispersion coefficient are discussed. It is observed that average effective dispersion coefficient increases with amplitude ratio which implies that dispersion is enhanced in the presence of peristalsis. Furthermore, average effective dispersion coefficient is also elevated with the micropolar rheological and wall parameters. Conversely dispersion is found to decrease with cross viscosity coefficient, homogeneous and heterogeneous chemical reaction rates. The present simulations provide an important benchmark for future chemo-fluid-structure interaction (FSI) computational models.

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Nithiarasu, P. "Special issue on biofluid dynamics." International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids 57, no. 5 (2008): 473–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fld.1849.

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Дисертації з теми "Biofluid dynamic"

Bevan, Rhodri L. T. "A locally conservative Galerkin approach for subject-specific biofluid dynamics." Thesis, Swansea University, 2010. https://cronfa.swan.ac.uk/Record/cronfa42314.

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In this thesis, a parallel solver was developed for the modelling of blood flow through a number of patient-specific geometries. A locally conservative Galerkin (LCG) spatial discretisation was applied along with an artificial compressibility and characteristic based split (CBS) scheme to solve the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The Spalart-Allmaras one equation turbulence model was also optionally employed. The solver was constructed using FORTRAN and the Message Passing Interface (MPI). Parallel testing demonstrated linear or better than linear speedup on hybrid patient-specific meshes. These meshes were unstructured with structured boundary layers. From the parallel testing it is clear that the significance of inter-processor communication is negligible in a three dimensional case. Preliminary tests on a short patient-specific carotid geometry demonstrated the need for ten or more boundary layer meshes in order to sufficiently resolve the peak wall shear stress (WSS) along with the peak time-averaged WSS. A time sensitivity study was also undertaken along with the assessment of the order of the real time step term. Three backward difference formulae (BDF) were tested and no significant difference between them was detected. Significant speedup was possible as the order of time discretisation increased however, making the choice of BDF important in producing a timely solution. Followed by the preliminary investigation, four more carotid geometries were investigated in detail. A total of six haemodynamic wall parameters have been brought together to analyse the regions of possible atherogenesis within each carotid. The investigations revealed that geometry plays an overriding influence on the wall parameter distribution. Each carotid artery displayed high time-averaged WSS at the apex, although the value increased significantly with a proximal stenosis. Two out of four meshes contained a region of low time-averaged WSS distal to the flow divider and within the largest connecting artery (internal or external carotid artery), indicating a potential region of atherosclerosis plaque formation. The remaining two meshes already had a stenosis in the corresponding region. This is in excellent agreement with other established works. From the investigations, it is apparent that a classification system of stenosis severity may be possible with potential application as a clinical diagnosis aid. Finally, the flow within a thoracic aortic aneurysm was investigated in order to assess the influence of a proximal folded neck. The folded neck had a significant effect on the wall shear stress, increasing by up to 250% over an artificially smoothed neck. High wall shear stresses may be linked to aneurysm rupture. Being proximal to the aneurysm, this indicated that local geometry should be taken into account when assessing the rupture potential of an aneurysm.

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Honan, Mallory Cate. "Examination Of Bovine Rumen Fluid And Milk Fat Globule Membrane Proteome Dynamics." ScholarWorks @ UVM, 2019. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/graddis/1164.

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Proteomic technology has been increasingly incorporated into agricultural research, as characterization of proteomes can provide valuable information for potential biomarkers of health and physiological status of an animal. As dairy cattle are a dominant production animal in the USA, their biofluids such as milk, blood, urine, and rumen fluid have been examined by proteomic analysis. The research outlined herein was performed to further characterize the dynamics of specific proteomes and relate them to dairy cattle physiology. The first experiment evaluated the diurnal dynamicity of the rumen metaproteome in Holstein dairy cattle. Rumen fluid was collected from three mid to late lactation multiparous dairy cattle (207 ± 53.5 days in milk) at three time points relative to their first morning offering of a total mixed ration (TMR) (0 h, 4 h, and 6 h after feeding). Samples were processed and labeled using Tandem Mass tagging before being further fractionated with a high pH reversed-phase peptide fractionation kit. Samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS and statistically analyzed for variations across hour of sampling using the MIXED procedure of SAS with orthogonal contrasts. A total of 242 proteins were characterized across 12 microbial species, with 35 proteins identified from a variety of 9 species affected by time of collection. Translation-related proteins were correlated positively with increasing hour of sampling while more specific metabolic proteins were negatively correlated with increasing hour of sampling. Results suggest that as nutrients become more readily available, microbes shift from conversion-focused biosynthetic routes to more encompassing DNA-driven pathways. The second experiment aimed to characterize the milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) proteomes of colostrum and transition milk for comparison from multi- (n = 10) and primiparous (n = 10) Holstein dairy cattle. Samples were collected at four timepoints post-partum (milkings 1, 2, 4, and 14). After isolation of the protein lysates from the MFGM, proteins were labeled using Tandem Mass tagging and analyzed using LC-MS/MS techniques. Protein identification was completed using MASCOT and Sequest in Proteome Discoverer 2.2. Protein abundance values were scaled and analyzed using the MIXED procedure in SAS to determine the effect of parity, milking number, and parity x milking number, and the adaptive false-discovery rate (FDR)-adjusted P values were determined using the MULTTEST procedure of SAS. There were 104 proteins identified within the MFGM. Statistical analysis revealed that 44.2% of proteins were affected by parity, 70.2% by milking number, and 32.7% by the variable of parity x milking number. There was a two-fold difference in calcium sensing S100 proteins in cows differing in parity possibly due to the multiparous mammary gland being more adapted to the physiological demand of lactation or the lesser requirement of calcium in primiparous cows because of a lower production rate.

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Comerford, Andrew Peter. "Computational Models of Endothelial and Nucleotide Function." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/1178.

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Atherogenesis is the leading cause of death in the developed world, and is putting considerable monetary pressure on health systems the world over. Although the risk factors are well understood, unfortunately, the initiation and development of this disease still remains relatively poorly understood, but it is becoming increasingly identifiable as a dysfunction of the endothelial cells that line the walls of arteries. The prevailing haemodynamic environment plays an important role in the focal nature of atherosclerosis to very specific regions of the human vasculature. Disturbed haemodynamics lead to very low wall shear stress, and inhibit the transport of important blood borne chemicals. The present study models, both computationally and mathematically, the transport and hydrolysis of important blood borne adneosine nucleotides in physiologically relevant arterial geometries. In depth analysis into the factors that affect the transport of these low diffusion coefficient species is undertaken. A mathematical model of the complex underlying endothelial cell dynamics is utilised to model production of key intracellular molecules that have been implicated into the complex initiation processes of atherosclerosis; hence regions of the vasculature can be identified as being 'hot spots' for atherogenesis. This model is linked into CFD software allowing for the assessment of how 3D low yields and mass transfer affect the underlying cell signalling. Three studies are undertaken to further understand nucleotide variations at the endothelium and to understand factors involved in determining the underlying cell dynamics. The major focus of the first two studies is geometric variations. This is primarily due to the plethora of evidence implicating the geometry of the human vasculature, hence the haemodynamics, as an influential factor in atherosclerosis initiation. The final model looks at a physiologically realistic geometry to provide a more realistic reproduction of the in vivo environment.

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Khaled, Abdul Rahim Assaad. "Non-isothermal characterization of squeezed thin films in the presence of biofluids and suspended ultrafine particles." Connect to this title online, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1071085983.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.
Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xix, 172 p.; also includes graphics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 168-172).

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Gadelha, Hermes. "Mathematical modelling of human sperm motility." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2012. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:34a11669-5d14-470b-b10b-361cf3688a30.

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The propulsion mechanics driving the movement of living cells constitutes one of the most incredible engineering works of nature. Active cell motility via the controlled movement of a flagellum beating is among the phylogentically oldest forms of motility, and has been retained in higher level organisms for spermatozoa transport. Despite this ubiquity and importance, the details of how each structural component within the flagellum is orchestrated to generate bending waves, or even the elastic material response from the sperm flagellum, is far from fully understood. By using microbiomechanical modelling and simulation, we develop bio-inspired mathematical models to allow the exploration of sperm motility and the material response of the sperm flagellum. We successfully construct a simple biomathematical model for the human sperm movement by taking into account the sperm cell and its interaction with surrounding fluid, through resistive-force theory, in addition to the geometrically non-linear response of the flagellum elastic structure. When the surrounding fluid is viscous enough, the model predicts that the sperm flagellum may buckle, leading to profound changes in both the waveforms and the swimming cell trajectories. Furthermore, we show that the tapering of the ultrastructural components found in mammalian spermatozoa is essential for sperm migration in high viscosity medium. By reinforcing the flagellum in regions where high tension is expected this flagellar accessory complex is able to prevent tension-driven elastic instabilities that compromise the spermatozoa progressive motility. We equally construct a mathematical model to describe the structural effect of passive link proteins found in flagellar axonemes, providing, for the first time, an explicit mathematical demonstration of the counterbend phenomenon as a generic property of the axoneme, or any cross-linked filament bundle. Furthermore, we analyse the differences between the elastic cross-link shear and pure material shear resistance. We show that pure material shearing effects from Cosserat rod theory or, equivalently, Timoshenko beam theory or are fundamentally different from elastic cross-link induced shear found in filament bundles, such as the axoneme. Finally, we demonstrate that mechanics and modelling can be utilised to evaluate bulk material properties, such as bending stiffness, shear modulus and interfilament sliding resistance from flagellar axonemes its constituent elements, such as microtubules.

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Книги з теми "Biofluid dynamic"

Goyal, Megh Raj. Biofluid dynamics of human body systems. Toronto: Apple Academic Press, 2014.

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1947-, Rittgers Stanley E., and Yoganathan A. P. 1951-, eds. Biofluid mechanics: The human circulation. Boca Raton: CRC/Taylor & Francis, 2007.

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Kleinstreuer, Clement. Biofluid Dynamics. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b15820.

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Kleinstreuer, C. Biofluid Dynamics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2019.

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Kleinstreuer, Clement. Biofluid Dynamics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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Kleinstreuer, Clement. Solutions Manual for Biofluid Dynamics. CRC Press, 2006.

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Chandran, Krishnan B., Ajit P. Yoganathan, and Stanley E. Rittgers. Biofluid Mechanics. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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Biofluid Dynamics: Principles and Selected Applications. CRC, 2006.

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Kleinstreuer, Clement. Biofluid Dynamics: Principles and Selected Applications. Taylor & Francis Group, 2016.

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Nithiarasu. Computational Biofluid Dynamics - Fundamentals and Applications. Wiley & Sons, Limited, John, 2022.

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Частини книг з теми "Biofluid dynamic"

Kwiat, D., S. Einav, and D. Elad. "MRI Flow Measurements by a Dynamic Frequency Variation and a flowing Slice Selection." In Biofluid Mechanics, 249–55. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52338-0_32.

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Kondoh, Yukiyoshi, Shizuo Hanya, Akira Ishihara, and Motoaki Sugawara. "Fluid Dynamical Mechanism of Anacrotic Notch in the Great Arteries." In Biofluid Mechanics, 33–41. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52338-0_5.

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Schmid-Schönbein, Holger. "Synergetics of Normal and Abnormal Reactions of the Blood In Motion: Fluid-Dynamics, Rheology and Biochemistry." In Biofluid Mechanics, 557–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52338-0_78.

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Niimi, Hideyuki, Hideyuki Nakatani, Saburo Yamaguchi, Nobuo Hashimoto, and Haruhiko Kikuchi. "Microscopic Visualization of Flow in Rat Cerebral Arteries: Biofluid Dynamical Study on Experimentally Induced Aneurysm." In Biofluid Mechanics, 209–16. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-52338-0_26.

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Kuchumov, Alex G., and Aleksander Selyaninov. "Application of Computational Fluid Dynamics in Biofluids Simulation to Solve Actual Surgery Tasks." In Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, 576–80. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25629-6_89.

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Naudin, Bertrand, Anja Heins, Stéphane Pinhal, Emmanuelle Dé, and Marion Nicol. "BioFlux™ 200 Microfluidic System to Study A. baumannii Biofilm Formation in a Dynamic Mode of Growth." In Methods in Molecular Biology, 167–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-9118-1_16.

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"Fluid Dynamic Measurement Techiques." In Biofluid Mechanics, 353–414. CRC Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781420007213-16.

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"Chapter 10Fluid Dynamic Measurement Techniques." In Biofluid Mechanics, 345–94. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11709-18.

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"Computational Fluid Dynamic Analysis of the Human Circulation." In Biofluid Mechanics, 395–440. CRC Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b11709-19.

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Zienkiewicz, O. C., R. L. Taylor, and P. Nithiarasu. "Biofluid Dynamics." In The Finite Element Method for Fluid Dynamics, 451–84. Elsevier, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-1-85617-635-4.00014-5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Biofluid dynamic"

Liu, Kunlun, and Victor H. Barocas. "The Dynamic Simulation of Flow Through a Tissue Engineered Bileaflet Heart Valve." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193075.

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Approximately 250,000 patients diagnosed with valvular heart disease undergo valve repair/replacement surgery annually worldwide [1, 2]. Despite being over 50 years old, heart valve replacement technology, with the choice of mechanical or bioprosthetic, remains imperfect. The 10-year mortality rate after replacement is 30–55%, with reoperation rates of 2–4% per year because of mechanical failure, bleeding and thromboembolic complications, and calcification. It is therefore imperative that design and analysis tools be developed for the biosolid and biofluid mechanics of potential replacement valves.

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Xue, Xiangdong, Mayur K. Patel, Maiwenn Kersaudy-Kerhoas, Chris Bailey, Marc P. Y. Desmulliez, and David Topham. "Effect of fluid dynamics and device mechanism on biofluid behaviour in microchannel systems: Modelling biofluids in a microchannel biochip separator." In High Density Packaging (ICEPT-HDP). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icept.2009.5270767.

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Shi, W. P., D. L. Ding, Jiachun Li, and Song Fu. "Biofluid Flow Simulations of Embryo Transfer." In RECENT PROGRESSES IN FLUID DYNAMICS RESEARCH: Proceeding of the Sixth International Conference on Fluid Mechanics. AIP, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3651955.

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Kleinstreuer, C., P. W. Longest, and Z. Zhang. "Theory of Two-Phase Biofluid Flow Dynamics and Selected Applications." In ASME 2004 Heat Transfer/Fluids Engineering Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht-fed2004-56560.

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Examples of two-phase flows in the human body include particle-hemodynamics in branching arteries and toxic/therapeutic air-particle mixtures in the respiratory system. In this review, the fundamentals of modeling dilute particle suspensions are presented with computer applications to the geometric design of bypass graft-ends and the prediction of local aerosol depositions in the human upper airways. For the latter project, aerosols in the nano- and micro-size ranges, solid and liquid particles as well as evaporating droplets are considered. Specifically, the particle-hemodynamics project deals with the prediction of aggravating two-phase flow events leading to arterial diseases, such as atherosclerosis and hyperplasia, and subsequently the design of bypass grafts mitigating post-operative complications. The lung-aerosol project requires accurate and realistic computations of laminar-to-turbulent airflows and toxic (or therapeutic) particle depositions in the human airways for two applications: dosimetry-and-health-effect assessments of toxic particles and optimal drug aerosol delivery by inhalation. Two-phase flow results from different case studies are presented.

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Shaffer, Nicholas, and Francis Loth. "CFD Challenge: Modeling Blood Flow Dynamics in a Cerebral Aneurysm Using Fluent." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80877.

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The Biofluids Laboratory at the University of Akron has used Fluent [Ansys Inc., Canonsburg, PA] for image-based computational fluid dynamics (CFD) modeling of physiological flows since the lab’s inception in 2008. Recently our group has focused on modeling of pathophysiological problems in cerebrospinal fluid motion and air flow in the trachea, in addition to past work in cardiovascular problems.

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Goubergrits, L., R. Mevert, P. Yevtushenko, J. Schaller, S. Meyer, E. Riesenkampff, and T. Kuehne. "Treatment of the Aortic Coarctation: Prediction of the Hemodynamic Impact." In ASME 2013 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2013-14397.

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Aortic coarctation (CoA) accounts for approximately 10% of congenital heart diseases 1. CoA causing high pressure gradient can be successfully treated surgical or catheter-based. Long-term results, however, revealed decreased life expectancy associated with abnormal hemodynamics 1. To develop a next-generation personalized diagnostic-prognostic tools allowing treatment optimization and thus to improve life expectance, the innovative combination of imaging science, biofluid mechanics, and computer modeling is necessary. Patient-specific computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models of the CoA based on MRI data were created to analyze pre- and post-treatment hemodynamics with a focus on pressure gradient.

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Stokes, Jason R., G. A. Davies, L. Macakova, G. Yakubov, J. Bongaerts, D. Rossetti, Albert Co, Gary L. Leal, Ralph H. Colby, and A. Jeffrey Giacomin. "From Rheology to Tribology: Multiscale Dynamics of Biofluids, Food Emulsions and Soft Matter." In THE XV INTERNATIONAL CONGRESS ON RHEOLOGY: The Society of Rheology 80th Annual Meeting. AIP, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2964505.

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Chen, Chia-Yuan, Michael J. Patrick, Paola Corti, David Frakes, Beth L. Roman, and Kerem Pekkan. "In Vivo Hemodynamic Performance of Wild-Type vs. Mutant Zebrafish Embryos Using High-Speed Confocal Micro-PIV." In ASME 2010 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2010-19317.

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In developing cardiovascular systems, definite performance comparison between disease and healthy hemodynamics requires quantitative tools to support advanced microscopy. Mutations in the activin receptor-like kinase 1 (ALK1) gene are responsible for the autosomal dominant vascular disease, hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia type 2 (HHT2), characterized by high flow arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) [1]. Recent studies show that the zebrafish mutant violet beauregrade (vbg), which harbors a mutation in alk1, develops an abnormal circulation with dilated cranial vessels and AVMs [2]. Quantitative understanding of mechanical influences on the alk1 mutant phenotype will aid treatment of HHT2 patients. Inspired by earlier studies that demonstrate the capability of using confocal micro-PIV technique to quantify biofluid dynamics in vivo [3], primarily in major vessels (dorsal aorta, vitelline veins), the present study focused on secondary branching great vessels of zebrafish embryos where microcirculation flow regimes are different. Furthermore, confocal microscopy, essentially being an imaging modality, requires rigorous validation efforts with respect to the gold standard measurement protocols (such as PIV) and synthetic scan data. Another objective of this work was to document the intra-species differences of wall shear stress (WSS) and flow physics during embryonic development in aortic arch systems of zebrafish [4].

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Williams, Brian E., and Alice B. Soulek. "Mixture Flow Pattern Recognition Based Upon On-Line Analysis of Physical Parameters." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0200.

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Abstract Full-scale technological, bench or laboratory scale, and in-vitro processes rely on mathematical models to allow adequate control of one-phase turbulent flow for homogeneous fluids. However, most processes utilize more complex fluids such as gas, liquid, and solid; gas and liquid; gas and solid; and liquid and solid which generate heterogeneous mixtures. In such instances, significant difficulty is encountered with the description, interpretation and uncertainty of the process due to the flow pattern phenomenon associated with dynamics for each of these mixtures. Generally, experimental data and correlations described in the literature consider a limited range of direct physical parameters, such as spatial and temporal distribution of the component concentration and fluid velocities. These direct physical parameters can then be utilized in flow pattern recognition in two- and three-phase single and multi-component heterogeneous mixture flow if approached as random, dynamic deterministic, and a combination of dynamic random and deterministic processes. One area of progress in this field has been the detection, recognition, and integration of flow patterns into the description, design, or control of various technological, research, and control processes which would extend the current boundaries of empirical knowledge of flow dynamics in multiphase flow. For example, a thorough understanding and detection of flow patterns has application and will bring significant progress in bioengineering for biofluids flow analysis in vitro, including blood dynamics with solid-like substance deposition and decomposition in the vessels; oxygen transfer in lungs; in situ bioremediation processes (mixture flow through porous media); in electronics for compact heat exchangers with phase transition; in systems to control flow induced vibrations; and in micro-electro-mechanical devices, including nanotechnology applications such as micro-heat exchangers, micro-actuators, and self-contained micro-submarine devices. This paper reports the results of research that examines the potential of using on-line monitored physical parameters for flow pattern recognition that, in turn, will determine the dynamic or static structure of the mixture flow, or “frozen” patterns, by analyzing the dynamicity of the physical parameters. The signals detected in the process depict independent or dependent physical parameters that influence the process, such as in-situ spatial concentration phenomena, velocities, and pressure with their interphasecial spatial and temporal distribution. Both the internal relation and character of these parameters are examined on the micro and macro level as well as for different time scales. These parameters as a function of time and space can be used to define and identify, in objective ways, the various flow patterns. Also, this paper contains descriptions of: The high frequency response system used to conduct this research; the on-line physical parameters such as velocity, concentration, and pressure measured and analyzed in time, amplitude, and frequency domains; and the computer-aided, on-line data analysis system based on specific parameters used for flow pattern recognition. The paper will also review the current literature, report the research results and findings regarding the results of the analysis on the applicability of the parameters, and analytical methodologies for flow pattern recognition and the identification process.

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Behkam, Bahareh, and Metin Sitti. "E. Coli Inspired Propulsion for Swimming Microrobots." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59621.

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Medical applications are among the most fascinating areas of microrobotics. For long, scientists have dreamed of miniature smart devices that can travel inside the human body and carry out a host of complex operations such as minimally invasive surgery (MIS), highly localized drug delivery, and screening for diseases that are in their very early stages. Still a distant dream, significant progress in micro and nanotechnology brings us closer to materializing it. For such a miniature device to be injected into the body, it has to be 800 μm or smaller in diameter. Miniature, safe and energy efficient propulsion systems hold the key to maturing this technology but they pose significant challenges. Scaling the macroscale natation mechanisms to micro/nano length scales is unfeasible. It has been estimated that a vibrating-fin driven swimming robot shorter than 6 mm can not overcome the viscous drag forces in water. In this paper, the authors propose a new type of propulsion inspired by the motility mechanism of bacteria with peritrichous flagellation, such as Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhimurium and Serratia marcescens. The perfomance of the propulsive mechanism is estimated by modeling the dynamics of the motion. The motion of the moving organelle is simulated and key parameters such as velocity, distribution of force and power requirments for different configurations of the tail are determined theoretically. In order to validate the theoretical result, a scaled up model of the swimming robot is fabricated and characterized in silicone oil using the Buckingham PI theorem for scaling. The results are compared with the theoretically computed values. These robots are intended to swim in stagnation/low velocity biofluid and reach currently inaccessible areas of the human body for disease inspection and possibly treatment. Potential target regions to use these robots include eyeball cavity, cerebrospinal fluid and the urinary system.

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