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Готові списки джерел за темами / Biological conversion efficiency / Статті в журналах

Щоб переглянути інші типи публікацій з цієї теми, перейдіть за посиланням: Biological conversion efficiency.

Статті в журналах з теми "Biological conversion efficiency"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Patrabansh, S., and M. Madan. "The microbial conversion of different agricultural residues and its biological efficiency." Acta Biotechnologica 15, no. 1 (1995): 131–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/abio.370150119.

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2

Wu, Baoyi. "The Sustainable Technology Research on High-Efficiency Conversion and Utilization of Biomass-Based Energy." Academic Journal of Science and Technology 9, no. 1 (2024): 114–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/0465fw53.

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This study delves into the sustainability of biomass-based energy as an alternative energy source, its technical conversion methods, and its environmental and economic impacts. Biomass resources, including plants, agricultural residues, and forestry residues, are not only widely distributed and renewable but also exhibit significant potential in reducing greenhouse gas emissions and combating climate change. The research focuses on three primary conversion technologies for biomass energy: physical conversion, chemical conversion, and biological conversion. It further explores key technologies

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3

Li, Ruiqi, Ying He, Junyu Chen, Shaoyan Zheng, and Chuxiong Zhuang. "Research Progress in Improving Photosynthetic Efficiency." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, no. 11 (2023): 9286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119286.

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Photosynthesis is the largest mass- and energy-conversion process on Earth, and it is the material basis for almost all biological activities. The efficiency of converting absorbed light energy into energy substances during photosynthesis is very low compared to theoretical values. Based on the importance of photosynthesis, this article summarizes the latest progress in improving photosynthesis efficiency from various perspectives. The main way to improve photosynthetic efficiency is to optimize the light reactions, including increasing light absorption and conversion, accelerating the recover

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4

Chen, Huaijun, Wenxia Zhao, Xuejian Gong, et al. "Multi-Band High-Efficiency Multi-Functional Polarization Controller Based on Terahertz Metasurface." Nanomaterials 12, no. 18 (2022): 3189. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12183189.

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Electromagnetic metasurfaces with excellent electromagnetic wave regulation properties are promising for designing high-performance polarization control devices, while the application prospect of electromagnetic metasurfaces is limited because of the current development situations of the complex structure, low conversion efficiency, and narrow working bandwidth. In this work, we design a type of reflective terahertz metasurface made of a simple structure that can achieve multiple polarization modulation with high efficiency. It is shown that the presented metasurface can realize ultra-broadban

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5

Chen, Cheng, Yan Li, and Lijian Liu. "A high quantum yield two-way conversion luminescent oligomer: 1,4-butanediol-bis(5-carbonyl-3-carbethoxy-2-pyrazoline)." RSC Advances 6, no. 107 (2016): 105723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6ra15007a.

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6

Nanda, Sonil, Falguni Pattnaik, Biswa R. Patra, Kang Kang, and Ajay K. Dalai. "A Review of Liquid and Gaseous Biofuels from Advanced Microbial Fermentation Processes." Fermentation 9, no. 9 (2023): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9090813.

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Biofuels are the sustainable counterparts of fossil fuels to meet the increasing energy demands of the current and future generations. Biofuels are produced from waste organic residues with the application of mechanical, thermochemical and biological methods and processes. While mechanical and thermochemical conversion processes involve the use of heat, pressure, catalysts and other physicochemical attributes for the direct conversion of biomass, biological conversion requires microorganisms and their enzymes as biocatalysts to degrade the fermentable substrates into biofuels and biochemicals.

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7

KIMURA, Mutsumi. "Photoelectric Conversion Efficiency Improvement of Near-IR Light Absorbing Dyes." Journal of the Japan Society of Colour Material 96, no. 11 (2023): 378–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4011/shikizai.96.378.

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8

Strand, Ø., P. T. Solberg, and T. Magnesen. "Nitrogen Conversion in a Bivalve Culture System." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 76, no. 1 (1996): 57–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315400029015.

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Bivalve spat were grown in an on-shore upwelling nursery using a landlocked heliothermic marine basin (Norwegian oyster-poll) as a food production system and thermal source. Several manipulations, involving artificial fertilization (N, P and Si), were performed in order to enhance the production capacity. Based on data from a monitoring programme (May-August) on physical, chemical and biological variables in the system, main paths of nitrogen flow and dynamics of bivalve production and nitrogen conversion efficiency were described. The conversion efficiency of the system, bivalve N production

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9

Huo, Jiajie, and Brent H. Shanks. "Bioprivileged Molecules: Integrating Biological and Chemical Catalysis for Biomass Conversion." Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering 11, no. 1 (2020): 63–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-101519-121127.

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Further development of biomass conversions to viable chemicals and fuels will require improved atom utilization, process efficiency, and synergistic allocation of carbon feedstock into diverse products, as is the case in the well-developed petroleum industry. The integration of biological and chemical processes, which harnesses the strength of each type of process, can lead to advantaged processes over processes limited to one or the other. This synergy can be achieved through bioprivileged molecules that can be leveraged to produce a diversity of products, including both replacement molecules

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10

Laza, Evelin, Liliana Dumitrescu, Madalina Boboc, and Georgiana Moiceanu. "Greenhouse heating by using an installation of biomass gasification." E3S Web of Conferences 112 (2019): 03026. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911203026.

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The use of renewable energies has seen a significant increase in energy demand in agriculture, in competition with solid, liquid or gaseous fossil fuels. Wood and other forms of biomass including energy crops, agricultural and forest biomass are transformed into energy through thermal, biological or physical processes. Thermo-chemical conversion, biomass gasification, is the most attractive technology that offers a high conversion efficiency compared to direct burning or rapid pyrolysis.

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11

Raux, Paul, Christophe Goupil, and Gatien Verley. "Three Optima of Thermoelectric Conversion: Insights from the Constant Property Model." Entropy 27, no. 3 (2025): 252. https://doi.org/10.3390/e27030252.

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Starting from Ioffe’s description of a thermoelectric converter, we recover the optimal working points of conversion: the point of maximum efficiency and the one of maximal power. Inspired by biological converters’ optimization, we compute a third optimal point associated with cost of energy (COE). This alternative cost function corresponds to the amount of heat exchanged with the cold reservoir per unit of electric current used. This work emphasizes the symmetry between the efficiency and performance coefficient of the electric generator and heat pump modes. It also reveals the relation betwe

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12

Nikitin, S. M., Tanya D. Khokhlova, and Ivan M. Pelivanov. "In-vitro study of the temperature dependence of the optoacoustic conversion efficiency in biological tissues." Quantum Electronics 42, no. 3 (2012): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1070/qe2012v042n03abeh014674.

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13

Zhang, Yongsheng, Pengfei Yuan, Xuechen Jia, Wenyan Pan, Jianfei Liu, and Weilong Zhao. "The Dark Fermentation Hydrogen Production of Mixed Bacterial Strains with Immobilized Cells from Household Waste." Sustainability 16, no. 23 (2024): 10364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su162310364.

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Polyurethane sponge particles were employed as bio-immobilized cell carriers for dark fermentation hydrogen production with heating-treated cow dung inoculum from epipremnum aureum waste and kitchen waste. This study explored the performance changes of batch dark fermentation hydrogen production systems under different influent substrates. Different influent total solids concentration and substrate types both had a large effect on the efficiency of the biological hydrogen production process. Based on the combined analysis of hydrogen production efficacy, VFA, and energy conversion efficiency,

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14

Ukachukwu, S. N., and F. C. Obioha. "Effect of processing methods on the nutritional value of Mucuna cochinchinensis to broiler chicks." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 2 (2007): 125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea03111.

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The performance and nutrient retention of broilers fed raw (RMD), toasted (TMD), boiled (BMD), soaked and boiled (SMD) or no (NMD) Mucuna cochinchinensis seed diets at both starter and finisher phases were assessed using 400 broiler chicks. The birds were fed a common proprietary feed (Top Feed) until 2 weeks of age, followed by a treatment diet for 3 weeks of the starter period, then 5 weeks on the finisher diet. At the starter phase, RMD significantly (P < 0.05) decreased liveweight, daily weight gain, protein efficiency ratio and encouraged poorer feed conversion ratio and higher cost pe

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15

Agyemang, K., D. Clifford, and D. A. Little. "An assessment of the biological and economic efficiency in conversion of milk to growth in N'Dama calves." Animal Science 56, no. 2 (1993): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100021218.

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AbstractTwo groups of eight N'Dama calves were fed different quantities of milk from birth to 10 months of age to compare efficiencies of converting milk to live-weight gain, and to assess the economic efficiencies of the two feeding regimes. Group 1 received an average of 347 (s.e. 2·4) kg per calf, with a daily and seasonal pattern of feeding designed to simulate a village production system where calves have access to only part of the milk produced by their dams, the rest being extracted for human consumption. Group 2 received an average of 617 (s.e. 5·1) kg per calf, and simulated situation

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16

Karthikeyani, T., K. Sivasubramanian, M. Maheswari, et al. "The Efficiency of Black Soldier Fly Larvae with Vegetable, Fruit and Food Waste as Biological Tool for Sustainable Management of Organic Waste." International Journal of Environment and Climate Change 14, no. 2 (2024): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i23959.

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This study investigated the sustainable management of wet organic waste using Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) for an innovative biological approach to waste management. The organic wet wastes such as fruit, vegetable, and food wastes were processed and fed to BSFL larvae from day 5 and the bioconversion process was carried out at Black Soldier Fly Unit, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University for 21 days. Among the three wastes, the highest bioconversion efficiency was recorded in fruit waste with 67% Substrate Reduction, 10.8% Efficiency of Conversion of Digested feed, 5.7% Bio Conversion Rate, an

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17

Latruffe, L., and C. Nauges. "Technical efficiency and conversion to organic farming: the case of France." European Review of Agricultural Economics 41, no. 2 (2013): 227–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/erae/jbt024.

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18

Chen, Jinmeng, Xiaotian Ma, Mengying Liang, et al. "Physical–Chemical–Biological Pretreatment for Biomass Degradation and Industrial Applications: A Review." Waste 2, no. 4 (2024): 451–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/waste2040024.

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Lignocellulosic biomass, including agricultural, forestry, and energy crop waste, is one of Earth’s most abundant renewable resources, accounting for approximately 50% of global renewable resources. It contains cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin, making it crucial for biofuels and bio-based chemicals. Due to its complex structure, single-pretreatment methods are inefficient, leading to the development of combined pretreatment technologies. These methods enhance cellulose accessibility and conversion efficiency. This paper analyzes the principles, advantages, and disadvantages of various comb

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19

Webster, A. J. F. "Bioenergetics, bioengineering and growth." Animal Science 48, no. 2 (1989): 249–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003356100040265.

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ABSTRACTThe effects of conventional and novel methods for the manipulation of growth in meat animals are reviewed within the context of the fundamental laws that determine the biological efficiency of energy conversion. Interspecies comparisons reveal large differences in the energetic efficiency of growth between mammals and birds. The similarity between mammals of different sizes is remarkable, both between and within species, which suggests that manipulation of growth rate per se has little effect on efficiency. The best way to improve the efficiency of growth is to maximize the conversion

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20

Beever, D. E., and P. T. Doyle. "Feed conversion efficiency as a key determinant of dairy herd performance: a review." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 47, no. 6 (2007): 645. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea06048.

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This paper focuses on dairy herd performance in the United Kingdom and southern Australia, where feed costs have been estimated to comprise between 40 and 67% of the total costs of production. The efficiency of conversion of grazed pasture, home grown forages and purchased feeds into milk has a major bearing on farm profit. Feed conversion efficiency (FCE), defined as ‘kg milk of standardised composition with respect to protein and fat concentrations produced per kg feed dry matter consumed’, is a useful measure of the performance of a farm feeding system, but is seldom used by dairy farmers.

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21

Wang, Ziqing, Yuetong Fang, Jiahang Cao, Hongwei Ren, and Renjing Xu. "Adaptive Calibration: A Unified Conversion Framework of Spiking Neural Networks." Proceedings of the AAAI Conference on Artificial Intelligence 39, no. 2 (2025): 1583–91. https://doi.org/10.1609/aaai.v39i2.32150.

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Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are seen as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), but the performance gap remains a challenge. While this gap is narrowing through ANN-to-SNN conversion, substantial computational resources are still needed, and the energy efficiency of converted SNNs cannot be ensured. To address this, we present a unified training-free conversion framework that significantly enhances both the performance and efficiency of converted SNNs. Inspired by the biological nervous system, we propose a novel Adaptive-Firing Neuron Model (AdaFir

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22

Gong, Zhenggang, Xianqing Lv, Junhui Yang, Xiaolin Luo, and Li Shuai. "Chemocatalytic Conversion of Lignocellulosic Biomass to Ethanol: A Mini-Review." Catalysts 12, no. 8 (2022): 922. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12080922.

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Ethanol has been widely used as a clean fuel, solvent, and hydrogen carrier. Currently, ethanol is generally produced through fermentation of starch- and sugarcane-derived sugars (e.g., glucose and sucrose) or ethylene hydration. Its production from abundant and inexpensive lignocellulosic biomass would facilitate the development of green and sustainable society. Biomass-derived carbohydrates and syngas can serve as important feedstocks for ethanol synthesis via biological and chemical pathways. Nevertheless, the biological pathway for producing ethanol through biomass-derived glucose fermenta

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23

Hyeon, Jeong Eun, Seung Wook Kim, Chulhwan Park, and Sung Ok Han. "Efficient biological conversion of carbon monoxide (CO) to carbon dioxide (CO2) and for utilization in bioplastic production by Ralstonia eutropha through the display of an enzyme complex on the cell surface." Chemical Communications 51, no. 50 (2015): 10202–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5cc00832h.

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24

Tran, Thi Hong, Quyen Huynh, and Minh Tan Phan. "Synthesis of biological base oils by a green process." Green Processing and Synthesis 11, no. 1 (2022): 84–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/gps-2022-0008.

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Abstract In this study, the chemical conversion of catfish fat (CFF) into bio-based oils using the cavitation technique has been carried out. The influence of parameters on the reaction yield, including inlet pressure, amount of reactant, temperature, and time were investigated. The results obtained have demonstrated the outstanding efficiency of applying the cavitation technique to the chemical synthesis process. The optimum conditions of ring-opening reaction of epoxy catfish oil (ECFO) were as follows: 60 psi, the molar ratio of iso-propanol/epoxy ring of 1.75/1, 75°C, time of 7 min, and th

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25

Hülsemann, Benedikt, Torsten Mächtig, Marcel Pohl, et al. "Comparison of Biological Efficiency Assessment Methods and Their Application to Full-Scale Biogas Plants." Energies 14, no. 9 (2021): 2381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14092381.

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For calculation of biological efficiency of a biogas plant (BP), it is required to determine the specific methane potential (SMP) of the substrate. A study comparing available methods for determination of SMP and the comparison with data of full-scale BPs is missing but necessary according to the differences in process conditions between both. Firstly, mass and mass associated energy balances of 33 full-scale BPs were calculated and evaluated. The results show plausible data for only 55% of the investigated BPs. Furthermore, conversion and yield efficiencies were calculated according to six di

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26

Kanwal, Fariha, and Angel A. J. Torriero. "Biohydrogen—A Green Fuel for Sustainable Energy Solutions." Energies 15, no. 20 (2022): 7783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15207783.

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Energy plays a crucial role in the sustainable development of modern nations. Today, hydrogen is considered the most promising alternative fuel as it can be generated from clean and green sources. Moreover, it is an efficient energy carrier because hydrogen burning only generates water as a byproduct. Currently, it is generated from natural gas. However, it can be produced using other methods, i.e., physicochemical, thermal, and biological. The biological method is considered more environmentally friendly and pollution free. This paper aims to provide an updated review of biohydrogen productio

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27

Gellini, Cristina, Marilena Ricci, and Alessandro Feis. "Copper Sulfide Small Nanoparticles as Efficient Contrast Agent for Photoacoustic Imaging." Photonics 10, no. 7 (2023): 772. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10070772.

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An experimental study on an innovative contrast agent is presented. This work demonstrates that copper sulfide in the form of small-sized nanoparticles can be exploited in photoacoustic imaging. An advantage of this material is strong light absorption in the near-infrared range, especially in the transparency windows of biological tissues. In order to yield a proper contrast, light absorption must be followed by heat release with high efficiency. Therefore, it is important to evaluate the photochemical conversion efficiency of the material. We applied a method that is strictly related to photo

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28

Pal, Kunwar, Abdul Rafey, and Kamal Kishore Pant. "Thermochemical Conversion of Agro-Waste for Green Hydrogen Production." Current Natural Sciences and Engineering 2, no. 1 (2025): 497–509. https://doi.org/10.63015/1h-2457.2.1.

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The thermochemical conversion of agro-waste presents a sustainable pathway for green hydrogen production, addressing both energy and environmental challenges. Agricultural residues, such as crop straw, husks, and forestry waste, are abundant and rich in carbon content, making them viable feedstocks for hydrogen generation. Key thermochemical processes include pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction, each offering unique advantages in converting biomass into hydrogen-rich syngas. Gasification, in particular, operates at high temperatures with controlled oxygen or steam to enhance

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29

Laslo, O. O., L. H. Marinich, and A. Yu Kocherha. "Efficiency of application of biological growth regulators on winter wheat in the conversion period to organic production." Taurian Scientific Herald, no. 138 (2024): 81–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.32782/2226-0099.2024.138.10.

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30

Shahidullah, S. M., M. M. Hanafi, M. Ashrafuzzaman, M. Razi Ismail, M. A. Salam, and A. Khair. "Biomass accumulation and energy conversion efficiency in aromatic rice genotypes." Comptes Rendus Biologies 333, no. 1 (2010): 61–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crvi.2009.10.002.

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31

Daggubati, Siva Phanindra, Venkata Rao Kasukurthi, and Prasad Reddy. "Advancing Genomic Data Management through TCompress: An Innovative Method for Sequence Compression of Biological Sequence Compression Algorithm using Text-Compression Tools." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 18, no. 23 (2025): 1811–17. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v18i23.2790.

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Objectives: With the rapid growth of genetic data, there is an urgent need for efficient methods to compress biological sequences. This study aims to enhance the storage and retrieval of large volumes of genetic information by introducing TCompress, a new compression algorithm specifically designed for DNA sequences. Method: We developed a custom software tool called TCompress that converts biological sequences into binary format. This binary representation enables the use of standard text compression tools such as GenCompress, 7-Zip, GZip, and PeaZip. A detailed evaluation was conducted to me

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32

Clomburg, James M., Anna M. Crumbley, and Ramon Gonzalez. "Industrial biomanufacturing: The future of chemical production." Science 355, no. 6320 (2017): aag0804. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aag0804.

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The current model for industrial chemical manufacturing employs large-scale megafacilities that benefit from economies of unit scale. However, this strategy faces environmental, geographical, political, and economic challenges associated with energy and manufacturing demands. We review how exploiting biological processes for manufacturing (i.e., industrial biomanufacturing) addresses these concerns while also supporting and benefiting from economies of unit number. Key to this approach is the inherent small scale and capital efficiency of bioprocesses and the ability of engineered biocatalysts

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33

Hasim, Hasim, Nadia Baidi, Syamsuddin Syamsuddin, and Rully Tuiyo. "Administration of Probiotic sanolife Mic-S on Biological Performance of Vanamei Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) PL 10." Technium Romanian Journal of Applied Sciences and Technology 3, no. 8 (2021): 42–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/technium.v3i8.4581.

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Vannamei shrimp is a fishery commodity that has important economic value for Indonesia. This is indicated by the increasing number and value of exports of this commodity. One of the efforts to encourage the production of vaname shrimp is through the use of probiotics. sanolife-MIC is a probiotic widely used in shrimp culture. The aim of the study was to analyze the feed profile and biological performance of Vaname PL 10 shrimp fed pellets with the Sanolife MIC-S probiotic capsule at different doses. The research method used is an experimental method using a completely randomized design (CRD) w

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34

Glatz, PC, RW Polkinghorne, and B. Howard. "Physiological relationships with production measures in White Leghorns subjected to restricted feeding from 18 weeks of age." Australian Journal of Agricultural Research 38, no. 2 (1987): 445. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ar9870445.

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The relationships between 22-42 week production measurements (egg number, egg weight, feed conversion efficiency, carcass fat, shell thickness and body weight) and a number of physiological measures (metabolic rate, water turnover, thyroxine secretion rate and plasma thyroxine concentration) were examined in purebred and strain-cross White Leghorn hens. Feed intakes were restricted to 80, 90 or 100 g 24h-1 and comparisons made with birds allowed free access to feed (average 127 g 24h-1). Restricted feeding significantly depressed all production measures except egg weight and shell thickness, a

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35

Schönberger, R. "Conversion of Existing Primary Clarifiers According to the EASC Process for Biological Phosphorus Removal." Water Science and Technology 22, no. 7-8 (1990): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1990.0228.

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At the end of 1988 a 22,000 p.e. municipal wastewater treatment plant in Northern Germany was converted to the EASC-biological phosphorus removal process. By simple modifications of the flow scheme of the plant, one of two existing primary clarifiers was converted to an anaerobic basin, into which both sewage and recycle sludge are fed. The supernatant as well as the sludge withdrawn from the bottom are discharged into the aeration basin. This operation mode achieves very good phosphorus uptake in the aeration basin. Since start up in November '88, the uptake-capacity increased continually, si

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36

Gündüz Vaydoğan, Kübra, and Hamiyet Şahin Kol. "Effect of microwave-assisted impregnation on the leaching resistance of ACQ in refractory spruce wood." BioResources 19, no. 1 (2024): 1229–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.15376/biores.19.1.1229-1244.

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Microwave (MW) treatment is an environmentally friendly and time-saving technique with great potential for generating wood-impregnation innovations. In this study, a microwave-assisted impregnation (MWAI) approach was developed to achieve adequate retention and fixing of alkaline copper quaternary (ACQ) in refractory spruce wood. The synergistic effect of MW pre- and post-treatments in the impregnation procedure on wood’s compressive strength (CS) and copper leaching resistance and valence conversion was investigated. In conclusion, high-intensity MW pre-treatment and low-intensity MW post-tre

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37

Falkowski, Paul G., Hanzhi Lin, and Maxim Y. Gorbunov. "What limits photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency in nature? Lessons from the oceans." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 372, no. 1730 (2017): 20160376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2016.0376.

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Constraining photosynthetic energy conversion efficiency in nature is challenging. In principle, two yield measurements must be made simultaneously: photochemistry, fluorescence and/or thermal dissipation. We constructed two different, extremely sensitive and precise active fluorometers: one measures the quantum yield of photochemistry from changes in variable fluorescence, the other measures fluorescence lifetimes in the picosecond time domain. By deploying the pair of instruments on eight transoceanic cruises over six years, we obtained over 200 000 measurements of fluorescence yields and li

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38

Nichols, Eva M., Joseph J. Gallagher, Chong Liu, et al. "Hybrid bioinorganic approach to solar-to-chemical conversion." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 37 (2015): 11461–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1508075112.

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Natural photosynthesis harnesses solar energy to convert CO2and water to value-added chemical products for sustaining life. We present a hybrid bioinorganic approach to solar-to-chemical conversion in which sustainable electrical and/or solar input drives production of hydrogen from water splitting using biocompatible inorganic catalysts. The hydrogen is then used by living cells as a source of reducing equivalents for conversion of CO2to the value-added chemical product methane. Using platinum or an earth-abundant substitute, α-NiS, as biocompatible hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) electroca

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39

Sinpru, Panpradub, Cindy Riou, Satoshi Kubota, Chotima Poompramun, Wittawat Molee, and Amonrat Molee. "Jejunal Transcriptomic Profiling for Differences in Feed Conversion Ratio in Slow-Growing Chickens." Animals 11, no. 9 (2021): 2606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11092606.

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Improving feed efficiency is an important breeding target for the poultry industry; to achieve this, it is necessary to understand the molecular basis of feed efficiency. We compared the jejunal transcriptomes of low- and high-feed conversion ratio (FCR) slow-growing Korat chickens (KRs). Using an original sample of 75 isolated 10-week-old KR males, we took jejunal samples from six individuals in two groups: those with extremely low FCR (n = 3; FCR = 1.93 ± 0.05) and those with extremely high FCR (n = 3; FCR = 3.29 ± 0.06). Jejunal transcriptome profiling via RNA sequencing revealed 56 genes t

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40

Kocharyan, G.S. "Medical aspects of homosexuality." Zdorov'e muzhciny [Здоровье мужчины] 1, no. 48 (2014): 136–39. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2652496.

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It is informed how homosexuality was removed from the list of mental disorders. It is emphasized that it was not scientifically justified. The problem of the homosexuality formation is discussed. Without belittling the influence of biological factors in the origin of some cases of homosexuality, the author draws attention to the considerable role in this disorder’s genesis of psychological and social factors. Their influences are ignored gay lobbyists for ideological reasons (we are born that way and do not accept any responsibility for our behavior as well as family and society). It is

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41

Ge-Ge, Wang, Zhang Yuan, Wang Xiao-Yan, and Zhang Gen-Lin. "Microbial Conversion and Utilization of CO2." Annals of Civil and Environmental Engineering 7, no. 1 (2023): 045–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.29328/journal.acee.1001055.

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Rising greenhouse gas emissions have contributed to unprecedented levels of climate change, while microbial conversion and utilization of CO2 is a practical way to reduce emissions and promote green manufacturing. This article mainly summarizes several natural CO2 pathways that have been discovered, including the Calvin cycle, the reduced tricarboxylic acid (rTCA) cycle, the Wood–Ljungdahl (WL) pathway, the 3-hydroxypropionate/4-hydroxybutyrate (HP/HB) cycle, the dicarboxylate/4-hydroxybutyrate (DC/HB) cycle, the 3-hydroxypropionate (3HP) cycle, the reductive glycine (rGly) pathway, and artifi

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42

Liu, Huiyu, Tianlong Liu, Hai Wang, et al. "Impact of PEGylation on the biological effects and light heat conversion efficiency of gold nanoshells on silica nanorattles." Biomaterials 34, no. 28 (2013): 6967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2013.05.059.

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43

Li, Jing, Jie Li, Yae Wang, Hao Mu, Huina Xie, and Wei Zhao. "Optimizing the Nitrogen Removal Efficiency of an Intermittent Biological Sponge Iron Reactor by Immobilizing Aerobic Denitrifying Bacteria in the Biological Sponge Iron System." Water 17, no. 9 (2025): 1308. https://doi.org/10.3390/w17091308.

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This study investigates the enhancement of nitrogen removal performance in an intermittent biological sponge iron system (BSIS) through the immobilization of aerobic denitrifying bacteria. The aim is to improve the efficiency of simultaneous nitrification and denitrification (SND) in the BSIS by optimizing the microbial community involved in nitrogen conversion. The immobilization technique not only stabilizes the microbial activity and abundance of aerobic denitrifying bacteria, but also promotes a more efficient denitrification process. The optimal material ratio of polyvinyl alcohol–sodium

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44

Dang, Yi, Kexin Tang, Zhihao Wang, et al. "Organophosphate Esters (OPEs) Flame Retardants in Water: A Review of Photocatalysis, Adsorption, and Biological Degradation." Molecules 28, no. 7 (2023): 2983. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28072983.

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As a substitute for banned brominated flame retardants (BFRs), the use of organophosphate esters (OPEs) increased year by year with the increase in industrial production and living demand. It was inevitable that OPEs would be discharged into wastewater in excess, which posed a great threat to the health of human beings and aquatic organisms. In the past few decades, people used various methods to remove refractory OPEs. This paper reviewed the photocatalysis method, the adsorption method with wide applicability, and the biological method mainly relying on enzymolysis and hydrolysis to degrade

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Yang, Lei, Lishu Shao, Zhiping Wu, Peng Zhan, and Lin Zhang. "Design and Synthesis of Porous Organic Polymers: Promising Catalysts for Lignocellulose Conversion to 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural and Derivates." Polymers 15, no. 12 (2023): 2630. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15122630.

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In the face of the current energy and environmental problems, the full use of biomass resources instead of fossil energy to produce a series of high-value chemicals has great application prospects. 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), which can be synthesized from lignocellulose as a raw material, is an important biological platform molecule. Its preparation and the catalytic oxidation of subsequent products have important research significance and practical value. In the actual production process, porous organic polymer (POP) catalysts are highly suitable for biomass catalytic conversion due to the

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46

Makita, Hiroki, and Gary Hastings. "Inverted-region electron transfer as a mechanism for enhancing photosynthetic solar energy conversion efficiency." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 35 (2017): 9267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1704855114.

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In all photosynthetic organisms, light energy is used to drive electrons from a donor chlorophyll species via a series of acceptors across a biological membrane. These light-induced electron-transfer processes display a remarkably high quantum efficiency, indicating a near-complete inhibition of unproductive charge recombination reactions. It has been suggested that unproductive charge recombination could be inhibited if the reaction occurs in the so-called inverted region. However, inverted-region electron transfer has never been demonstrated in any native photosynthetic system. Here we demon

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Gao, Zhouyang, Jiangxia Zheng, and Guiyun Xu. "Molecular Mechanisms and Regulatory Factors Governing Feed Utilization Efficiency in Laying Hens: Insights for Sustainable Poultry Production and Breeding Optimization." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 26, no. 13 (2025): 6389. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms26136389.

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Since the early 2000s, the poultry industry in our nation has steadily progressed towards a larger scale and increased intensification. However, the growing demand for animal-based protein, combined with significant increases in feed ingredient costs, presents substantial challenges to the advancement of egg production. The regulation of feed utilization efficiency in laying hens is a complex process, influenced by various factors including the farming environment, feed composition, microbial ecosystems, and hormonal dynamics. The feed conversion rate in laying hens not only serves as a critic

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48

Oddy, V. H., S. H. Bird, and L. G. Walker. "Evaluation of calcium and canola oil in the diet of feedlot steers." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 43, no. 5 (2003): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea01119.

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An experiment was conducted to determine whether the addition of 5.6% canola oil to a barley-based feedlot ration would improve the efficiency of conversion of feed into weight gain and increase the deposition of intramuscular fat. A second aim was to determine what further benefits might accrue from the addition of calcium ions to the rumen.Five groups of 30 steers representing 4 breed crosses were fed in a feedlot for 122 days. The control diet was a standard barley-based ration containing 1.6% calcium carbonate. In a second diet (calcium), calcium carbonate was replaced with 1.2% calcium hy

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49

Risi, Francisco Gilberto Erthal, Cristina Moll Hüther, Ciro Abbud Righi, et al. "Sustainability Analysis of Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Soybean-Corn Succession Crops of Midwest Brazil." Nitrogen 5, no. 1 (2024): 232–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nitrogen5010016.

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Nitrogen (N) is abundant in the atmosphere as N2, which is converted into reactive forms (Nr) for plant assimilation. In pre-industrial times, atmospheric N2 conversion to Nr balanced Nr reconversion to N2, but 20th-century human activity intensified this conversion via synthetic fertilizers, biological N2 fixation, and fossil fuel burning. The surplus of Nr detrimentally impacts ecosystems and human well-being. This study aimed to assess the N use efficiency in the soil–plant system of the soybean-corn succession (SPSS,C) in Mato Grosso and Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil’s midwest. We estimated N

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50

Honnaiah, Pavithra A., Shankarappa Sridhara, Pradeep Gopakkali, et al. "Influence of sowing windows and genotypes on growth, radiation interception, conversion efficiency and yield of guar." Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences 28, no. 6 (2021): 3453–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.03.010.

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