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Статті в журналах з теми "Block and integral environmental indexes"
1
В.Й., Мельник, та Толочик І.Л. "ДИНАМІКА ЗАБРУДНЕННЯ ВОДИ РІЧКИ СТИР В МЕЖАХ РІВНЕНСЬКОЇ ОБЛАСТІ". Біологія та валеологія, № 19 (12 грудня 2017): 179–88. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1109311.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The work deals with the study of environmental conditions of the Styr River in Rivnenska oblast. The assessment of river water quality according to the criteria of mineralization, on composition, pollution with the components of salt composition, according to the trophosaprobiological criteria and according to the criteria of contents of specific toxic substances was performed. The average values and the worst categories and subcategories were estimated and the values of three block and integral environmental indexes of water quality were estimated. The dynamics of ecological assessment of water quality of the river for the years of 2011 – 2016 was analyzed. It was established, that the water quality in the years of 2015-2016 worsened according to the average values І2 and moved from the second to the third class of quality. According to the values of integral environmental index, the quality of water of the Styr river is referred to the second class, with the average and the worst values for the parameters throughout the investigated area. The comparison of water pollution in Styr River on the territory of Volyn Upland and Volyn Polissya with the different degree of anthropogenic pressure was carried out. The present ecological state of the river water by determining the difference between the present and normative values of water quality indexes were studied. It was established, that the deterioration of water quality occurs due to organic pollution (Biological oxygen, demand 5), phosphates, ammonium triad group (ammonia nitrogen, nitrate and nitrite), zinc, manganese, fluoride and anion-active synthetic surface substances (surfactants). The optimal and acceptable environmental damages caused to the Styr River in Rivnenska oblast were studied.
2
Oliinyk, Y., T. Nych, and O. Vaschenko. "FORMATION OF LABOR POTENTIAL OF THE KYIV REGION." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geography, no. 75 (2019): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2721.2019.75.3.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The essence of labor potential of Kyiv region and its taxonomic levels is revealed. There are 4 thematic blocks of development of labor potential: environmental, demographic, economic and cultural blocks. 13 indicators of formation and use of labor potential in the district dimension were calculated. The integral rank of development of labor potential for each district is calculated. The ranking of the districts of the Kiev region by the values of block indexes. The spatiotemporal framework of the development of labor potential is substantiated. Cluster analysis was performed using the Vard and K-means methods. The existence of hierarchical clustering of districts in the selected three clusters by the level of development of labor potential is established. Clusters are identified: outsider areas and buffer areas. The existence of the core of the development of labor potential of Kyiv region is substantiated. The presence of a fixed space-time frame of labor potential is established. Three types (groups) of districts were identified according to the studied indicator. The field of differentiation of districts of Kyiv region by the magnitude of the basic increase of the integral rank of development of labor potential is revealed. The level of polarization of labor potential development or the gap between the maximum and minimum value of the integral rank of labor potential development is established. A centre-peripheral model of labor potential development has been constructed. The dynamics of the integral rank of development of labor potential in the section of districts is analyzed. Four are identified:1) central or core / central areas; 2) districts of semi-peripheral type or semi-peripheral areas; 3) peripheral or peripheral areas; 4) lacunar type areas or lacunar areas (areas that are exceptions to the rules of center-peripheral spatial distribution). The specifics of formation, functioning of districts are revealed and the main problems and perspective directions of their development are highlighted.
3
Vysochyna, A., A. Shalda, and V. Gordiienko. "GENERALIZATION OF APPROACHES TO THE QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENT OF THE LEVEL OF NATIONAL SECURITY OF THE COUNTRY." Vìsnik Sumsʹkogo deržavnogo unìversitetu 2022, no. 2 (2022): 82–91. https://doi.org/10.21272/1817-9215.2022.2-9.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The COVID-19 pandemic has become a crash test not only for the health care system, but also for the entire state administration system and has endangered the stability of the country national security. The analysis of the scientific approaches to the interpretation of the essence and quantitative assessment of the components of the country national security proved the lack of a unified view of scientists on the solution of this problem. In this regard, the main task of this work is the generalization and systematization of approaches to the quantitative assessment of the level of national security of the country, as well as the development of the author's approach to the formation of an integral indicator of the assessment of the country national security. The first block of the theoretical generalization concerning to the issue of determining the parameters of the quantitative assessment of the level of country national security in the paper is proposed to be carried out on the basis of bibliometric analysis of the relevant publications indexed by the scientometric database Scopus, using the VOSviewer_1.6.17 toolkit. Based on the results of the practical implementation of this block of research, the main meaningful vectors of scientific research on the issue of ensuring the national security of the state have been determined. In addition, the evolutionary-temporal patterns of the flagship studies in this field have also been determined, the key findings of scientists presented in the most cited, earliest and most recent publications on the topic are characterized. The bibliographic, monographic and bibliometric analyzes carried out in the work made it possible to form a set of parameters for quantitative assessment of the integral level of national security of the state, which takes into account the economic, social, environmental, resource and energy perspectives of national security. In addition, the author's approach to determining the integral indicator of the country national security, which involves the use of the method of principal components, the Fishburn formula and additive convolution, is developed in the work. The study is conducted on the basis of data obtained from the World Bank data for the years 2000-2021 (or the latest available period). In the work, the integral level of national security of Ukraine was calculated according to the developed approach, the main trends of the change of this parameter during the analysis period were determined.
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Didur, O., K. Strepetova, V. Katsevych, et al. "Environmental quality assessment of soil as a component of green spaces in parks of the megalopolis." Agrology 6, no. 4 (2023): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/021115.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intensive land degradation occurs under conditions of accelerated urbanization; it is strongly associated with the loss of soil natural capital, primarily animals, plant cover, and biological diversity in general. The creation and functioning of parks, in particular green spaces, in the urbanized areas is an effective mechanism for optimizing the ecological situation within the cities and preventing desertification. The soils of parks are an integral component of green infrastructure; they determine the conditions for the growth and development of both individual plants and green spaces as a whole. The soil buffering capacity actively participates in the mechanisms of implementation of the development and stabilization of soil fertility potentials. The buffering capacity determines the proportion of the soil potential that controls the processes of immobilization (deposition) and mobilization (release, loss) of a particular element of fertility: first of all, mineral nutrients for plant growth, productive moisture, thermal energy in soil, gas composition of soil air, and acidity. We collected soil samples beneath the crowns of trees growing in the territory of the Taras Shevchenko Central Culture and Leisure Park, as one of the largest parks in the city of Dnipro (Ukraine). The soil samples were collected in order to assess the soil acid-base (pH) buffering capacity (pHBC) and determine the direction of microbiological processes in urban soils of the park area afforested with stands from such introduced tree species as green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica), black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia), northern red oak (Quercus rubra), tree of heaven (Ailanthus altissima), Kentucky coffee tree (Gymnocladus dioica), and box elder (Acer negundo). The acid-base buffering capacity of the urban soil was determined using the Arrhenius method and estimated according to the buffering area within the acid-base range, calculated using the Simpson formula. Direction of microbial processes in the soil was determined according to the indexes of mineralization-immobilization, pedotrophicity, and oligotrophicity. The output was processed using statistical methods (arithmetic mean and standard deviation were calculated; the difference in the means was found according to the Tukey’s comparison test; interdependencies were determined by linear correlation). We have found significant, strong positive correlations between the pH level of urban soils in the rhizosphere area of the introduced species of park dendroflora and the buffering area within the acid and acid-base (total) range of external influence, as well as a strong negative correlation between pH and buffering area in the alkaline range of external influence. We identified weak mineralization signs according to the ratio of functional groups of microbiota in the studied sites forested with Fraxinus pennsylvanica and Acer negundo.
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Petrova, Elena, Igor Petrov, Tatyana Shivrina, and Tamara Narezhnaya. "Assessment of the environmental organization development strategy." E3S Web of Conferences 244 (2021): 10024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202124410024.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Assessment of feasibility of applying the chosen organization development strategy should be based on assessment of its effectiveness. The proposed methods for assessing the development strategy provide for defining indexes that, in accordance with set strategic goals, should take into account an entire set of target strategic indexes. The methodology consists in calculating integral indexes characterizing achievement of set strategic goals. As such indexes, which take into account key strategic parameters, estimated development indexes and assessments of the organization sustainable development potential are proposed. These indexes should be used as an indicator of the development strategy and achievement of strategic goals.
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Blakyta, Ganna, Nataliia Guliaieva, Iryna Vavdijchyk, Olena Matusova, and Anastasia Kasianova. "Evaluation of investment environment security in Ukraine." Investment Management and Financial Innovations 15, no. 4 (2018): 320–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21511/imfi.15(4).2018.26.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
World economic crises, internal economic and political instability have led to declining the level of investment attractiveness and investment security of Ukraine. The aim of the article is to propose an integral index in order to assess investment environment security and determine factors affecting the investment environment security of Ukraine. The suggested assessment is based on the data of World Bank’s indexes with the following blocks of factors: the availability of economic freedom, favorable organizational conditions for doing business, political and legal freedom, supply of resources and infrastructure development. The assessment of Ukrainian investment environment security and its Western neighbors – the European Union member states – has shown that it has lowest rank and highest volatility in Ukraine. The article identifies a direct statistical relation between the volume of foreign direct investment flows in Ukraine and the indicator of political stability and the absence of violence in the country. The main reasons of investment attractiveness reduction in Ukraine were as follows: conservative attitude of investors towards risks due to political instability, manifestations of violence and terrorism; deterioration of the overall financial situation of enterprises, which are the recipients of investments. The article substantiates that conditions for the investment attraction and secure environment in Ukraine have not been formed yet. The system of indicators and criteria for assessing the level of investment environment security should be expanded.
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Anisimov, V. N., and V. V. Anisimov. "Forecasting the properties of linear block-copoliurethanes based on oligoesters of regular structure." Voprosy Khimii i Khimicheskoi Tekhnologii, no. 4 (July 2021): 4–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32434/0321-4095-2021-137-4-4-10.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
We showed that the development of recommendations for a reasonable choice of linear block copolyurethanes that would be optimal for given operating conditions is still intuitive and does not consider the features of the molecular structure and the nature of initial components. We suggested a new scientifically grounded approach to the creation of linear block-copolyurethanes with increased wear resistance in relation to strength, deformation, thermophysical and tribotechnical characteristics. To simplify analysis of the properties of the studied materials, a mathematical model was developed, which describes the relationship between all considered properties of materials and their structure. We proposed to assess the relationship between structure and properties of the investigated materials by using quality indexes. Maximum values of quality indexes, depending on the operating conditions, correspond to different contents of hard blocks (Pc), and, consequently, to different molecular structure of the studied polyurethanes. Thus, it is reasonable to use block-copolyurethanes based on OBGA500 with a maximum content of hard blocks (Рс>60%) for operating conditions where it is necessary to provide high strength characteristics. Polyurethanes synthesized with the formation of clusters of hard blocks in the range of 45–55% are recommended for the use as wear-resistant materials.
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Rozhkov, A. "Construction of the Forecasting Index for Stock Market." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 12 (December 20, 2005): 51–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2005-12-51-62.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
There are various methods of forecasting different parameters of stock market. One group of these methods deals with forecasting trends of integral parameters such as stock market indexes. This article considers some well-known index methods of forecasting stock market trends. At the same time the article contains a computation for construction of the forecasting index, which helps to identify prolonged trends of RTS index. The principles and recommendations proposed in the article can be used for practical purposes.
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Aili, Aishajiang, Hailiang Xu, Abdul Waheed, Tao Lin, Wanyu Zhao, and Xinfeng Zhao. "Drought Resistance of Desert Riparian Forests: Vegetation Growth Index and Leaf Physiological Index Approach." Sustainability 16, no. 2 (2024): 532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su16020532.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The Hotan River, the sole river traversing the Taklimakan Desert in northwest China, sustains a critical desert riparian ecosystem dominated by Populus euphratica. This riparian habitat is integral to biodiversity maintenance. However, global climate change and anthropogenic disturbances have profoundly impacted the Taklimakan desert landscape, leading to fragmentation and reduced environmental heterogeneity. Consequently, there has been a notable decline in P. euphratica populations. This study aimed to assess the physiological resilience of P. euphratica under harsh conditions and analyze the vegetation distribution patterns along the desert riparian zone. Laboratory tests were employed to determine the physiological indexes including Relative Water Content (RWC), Chlorophyll (Chl), Soluble Sugar (SS), Free Proline (Pro), and Peroxidase Activity (POD) of P. euphratica, providing insights into its capacity to endure challenging environmental conditions. Quadrat surveys were conducted at varying distances from the riverbed to examine vegetation distribution patterns. Plant growth indexes were analyzed to unveil the resistance of the desert riparian forest to drought. The study identified 45 shrubs and herbs belonging to 17 families in the Hotan River understory, with P. euphratica exhibiting the highest abundance. In river flats, annual herbs dominated due to favorable water conditions, while shrub grasslands displayed a relatively complete community structure with trees, crowns, and grasses. As the distance increased from the river channel, more perennial herb and shrub species prevailed, leading to a decline in overall species richness as annual herbs diminished. Physiological assessments revealed that P. euphratica in a medium growth grade (VS3) exhibited the highest physiological indexes, indicating its adaptability to environmental changes. The findings underscore the significance of water conditions in the growth and development of vegetation in desert riparian forests, particularly highlighted by the physiological indexes of P. euphratica. This research contributes valuable insights that can inform the preservation and restoration of desert riparian forests, providing a scientific basis and technical guidance for conservation efforts.
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Ramos, Jean P. C., José J. V. Cavalcanti, Rosa M. M. Freire, Carliane R. C. da Silva, Maria de F. C. da Silva, and Roseane C. dos Santos. "Selection indexes and economic weights applied to runner-peanut breeding." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 26, no. 5 (2022): 327–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v26n5p327-334.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
ABSTRACT Runner peanuts are known for their high pod yields, but are late to flowering and pod maturation, and the optimal combination of these traits with pod yield is widely desired for peanut improvement. Selection indexes are useful tools for crop breeding. In this study, seven selection indexes combined with economic weights were used in a peanut population to estimate the superior and balanced genetic gains. Eleven runner genotypes were grown in three environments in the Northeast region of Brazil under a randomized block design with five replicates. The following indices were used: Smith and Hazel, Pesek and Baker, Williams, Elston, Subandi, Cruz, and Mulamba & Mock, in combination with the following economic weights: weight 1 for all evaluated traits, primary and secondary traits, genetic variation coefficient, genetic standard deviation, and b coefficient, obtained via multivariate regression. Although the population is genetically uniform, statistical differences were found, indicating sufficient genetic variability to generate selection progress. The combinations involving earliness traits were not satisfactory for production gains. The index based on the Mulamba & Mock rankings combined with weight 1 for all traits proved the optimal combination, as indicated by the most balanced gains. The cultivars Florunner, Cavalo, LGoPE-06, and LViPE-06 are promising germplasm for ensuring satisfactory selection gains based on production means and high heritability of the most evaluated traits.
Книги з теми "Block and integral environmental indexes"
1
Miller, Randall, ed. The Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life in America. Greenwood, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216970989.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The course of daily life in the United States has been a product of tradition, environment, and circumstance. How did the Civil War alter the lives of women, both white and black, left alone on southern farms? How did the Great Depression change the lives of working class families in eastern cities? How did the discovery of gold in California transform the lives of native American, Hispanic, and white communities in western territories? Organized by time period as spelled out in the National Standards for U.S. History, these four volumes effectively analyze the diverse whole of American experience, examining the domestic, economic, intellectual, material, political, recreational, and religious life of the American people between 1763 and 2005. Working under the editorial direction of general editor Randall M. Miller, professor of history at St. Joseph's University, a group of expert volume editors carefully integrate material drawn from volumes in Greenwood's highly successful Daily Life Through History series with new material researched and written by themselves and other scholars. The four volumes cover the following periods: The War of Independence and Antebellum Expansion and Reform, 1763-1861, The Civil War, Reconstruction, and the Industrialization of America, 1861-1900, The Emergence of Modern America, World War I, and the Great Depression, 1900-1940 and Wartime, Postwar, and Contemporary America, 1940-Present. Each volume includes a selection of primary documents, a timeline of important events during the period, images illustrating the text, and extensive bibliography of further information resources—both print and electronic—and a detailed subject index.
2
Sicius, Francis J., and Randall M. Miller, eds. Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life in America. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216971009.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The course of daily life in the United States has been a product of tradition, environment, and circumstance. How did the Civil War alter the lives of women, both white and black, left alone on southern farms? How did the Great Depression change the lives of working class families in eastern cities? How did the discovery of gold in California transform the lives of native American, Hispanic, and white communities in western territories? Organized by time period as spelled out in the National Standards for U.S. History, these four volumes effectively analyze the diverse whole of American experience, examining the domestic, economic, intellectual, material, political, recreational, and religious life of the American people between 1763 and 2005. Working under the editorial direction of general editor Randall M. Miller, professor of history at St. Joseph's University, a group of expert volume editors carefully integrate material drawn from volumes in Greenwood's highly successful Daily Life Through History series with new material researched and written by themselves and other scholars. The four volumes cover the following periods: The War of Independence and Antebellum Expansion and Reform, 1763-1861, The Civil War, Reconstruction, and the Industrialization of America, 1861-1900, The Emergence of Modern America, World War I, and the Great Depression, 1900-1940 and Wartime, Postwar, and Contemporary America, 1940-Present. Each volume includes a selection of primary documents, a timeline of important events during the period, images illustrating the text, and extensive bibliography of further information resources—both print and electronic—and a detailed subject index.
3
Volo, James M., Dorothy Denneen Volo, and Randall M. Miller, eds. Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life in America. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216970996.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The course of daily life in the United States has been a product of tradition, environment, and circumstance. How did the Civil War alter the lives of women, both white and black, left alone on southern farms? How did the Great Depression change the lives of working class families in eastern cities? How did the discovery of gold in California transform the lives of native American, Hispanic, and white communities in western territories? Organized by time period as spelled out in the National Standards for U.S. History, these four volumes effectively analyze the diverse whole of American experience, examining the domestic, economic, intellectual, material, political, recreational, and religious life of the American people between 1763 and 2005. Working under the editorial direction of general editor Randall M. Miller, professor of history at St. Joseph's University, a group of expert volume editors carefully integrate material drawn from volumes in Greenwood's highly successful Daily Life Through History series with new material researched and written by themselves and other scholars. The four volumes cover the following periods: The War of Independence and Antebellum Expansion and Reform, 1763-1861, The Civil War, Reconstruction, and the Industrialization of America, 1861-1900, The Emergence of Modern America, World War I, and the Great Depression, 1900-1940 and Wartime, Postwar, and Contemporary America, 1940-Present. Each volume includes a selection of primary documents, a timeline of important events during the period, images illustrating the text, and extensive bibliography of further information resources—both print and electronic—and a detailed subject index.
4
Girard, Jolyon P., and Randall M. Miller, eds. Greenwood Encyclopedia of Daily Life in America. Greenwood Publishing Group, Inc., 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9798216971016.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
The course of daily life in the United States has been a product of tradition, environment, and circumstance. How did the Civil War alter the lives of women, both white and black, left alone on southern farms? How did the Great Depression change the lives of working class families in eastern cities? How did the discovery of gold in California transform the lives of native American, Hispanic, and white communities in western territories? Organized by time period as spelled out in the National Standards for U.S. History, these four volumes effectively analyze the diverse whole of American experience, examining the domestic, economic, intellectual, material, political, recreational, and religious life of the American people between 1763 and 2005. Working under the editorial direction of general editor Randall M. Miller, professor of history at St. Joseph's University, a group of expert volume editors carefully integrate material drawn from volumes in Greenwood's highly successful Daily Life Through History series with new material researched and written by themselves and other scholars. The four volumes cover the following periods: The War of Independence and Antebellum Expansion and Reform, 1763-1861, The Civil War, Reconstruction, and the Industrialization of America, 1861-1900, The Emergence of Modern America, World War I, and the Great Depression, 1900-1940 and Wartime, Postwar, and Contemporary America, 1940-Present. Each volume includes a selection of primary documents, a timeline of important events during the period, images illustrating the text, and extensive bibliography of further information resources—both print and electronic—and a detailed subject index.
Частини книг з теми "Block and integral environmental indexes"
1
Derenska, Yana. "ASSESSMENT OF INVESTMENT ATTRACTIVENESS AS A COMPONENT OF INVESTMENT MANAGEMENT." In Globalisation processes in the world economy: problems, trends, prospects. Publishing House “Baltija Publishing”, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-378-1-15.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Investment activity by the enterprise requires an assessment of the investment attractiveness of the investment object. Approaches to assessment of investment attractiveness are defined. The investment attractiveness of Ukraine was analysed according to the European Business Association, Doing Business rating. The dynamics of indexes of the investment climate of Ukraine, the dynamics of the volume of capital investments (in Ukraine as a whole, by regions, by types of economic activity), foreign direct investments (in Ukraine as a whole, by sectors of the economy) were analysed. A SWOT analysis of Ukraine’s investment attractiveness was conducted. The dynamics of investment expectations, the importance of factors affecting investments are analysed. An integral method of assessing the attractiveness of investment objects has been studied. To assess the investment attractiveness of the project, it is recommended to use the project analysis approach, assessing the marketing, technical and technological, economic, financial, social,institutional, and environmental attractiveness.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Block and integral environmental indexes"
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PRUS, Barbara, Stanisław BACIOR, and Małgorzata DUDZIŃSKA. "ASSESSMENT OF HISTORICAL BIO-INDEX CHANGES IN RURAL AREAS IN SOUTHERN POLAND – CASE STUDY." In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.012.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Intensity of land use could be considered as an indicator of rate of anthropogenic impact on landscape (CAI) and the coefficient of ecological stability (CES). These two bio-indexes are based on the land use categories. The CAI coefficient is the ratio of the sum of percentile areas of land characterized by considerable human impact in relation to the sum of percentile areas of lands with low or none anthropogenic pressure. The CES index describes the structure of land use in one unit according to land use categories weighted by given coefficients. The calculation of the complex integral index enables to know the potential of the environment, i.e. a natural resource reserve with a structure that allows self-regulation of ecosystems and expresses the environment's resistance to bearing anthropogenic loads. The aim of the study is to analyze the historical land use changes (in the period of 1845-2016) in rural areas of Southern Poland using bio-indexes such as the anthropogenic impact on landscape (CAI) and the coefficient of ecological stability (CES). The analysis led to the conclusion about the strong dynamics of changes during this period which is largely due to the growth of the percentile areas of lands with considerable human impact especially after the historical transformation in 1989 in Poland. At the same time, the attention should be paid to the land use changes as an effect of growing suburbanization. The results of the study can be used by public authorities, citizens and governing bodies to form a system of measures to calculate environmental potential and modelling changes which ensure the environmental protection and sustainable development of rural areas.
2
Nixon, Jeannette K., and Karen L. Etherington. "Development and Implementation of the NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. Conservation and Reclamation Standard." In 1998 2nd International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc1998-2114.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Currently, under Alberta’s Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act and regulations, all pipelines transporting natural gas with an index of 2690 or greater require an approval (Conservation and Reclamation Approval) for the conservation and reclamation activities associated with construction and reclamation of a pipeline. Administratively, Alberta Environmental Protection considers a pipeline requiring an Environmental Protection and Enhancement Act approval as a “Class 1” pipeline. The index is a calculation of length of pipe (in kilometers) multiplied by the outside pipe diameter (in millimeters). NOVA Gas Transmission Ltd. (NGTL) has developed and implemented a Conservation & Reclamation (C&R) Standard to streamline the provincial C&R Application process. By re-formatting the currently accepted C&R Application into a Standard document, textual information submitted for an individual project has been reduced, without affecting the quality of environmental planning. The Standard document compiles NGTL’s environmental standard practices and mitigative measures undertaken for all pipelines. It also explains NGTL’s decision-making processes during the design phase of a project. The project-specific document presents issue focused site-specific environmental details in a simplified format The C&R Standard in combination with the project-specific submission form the NGTL C&R Application. NGTL’s C&R Standard was developed within a concept which uses key building blocks to achieve industry accountability. This concept requires an organization to have performance measurement tools in place, and to demonstrate commitment to that performance in order to earn public confidence. Once this confidence is established and maintained, an organization can realize industry accountability. Considering this concept, NGTL leveraged past performance and experience by documenting our consistent approach to pipeline design, and our performance measurement criteria into the C&R Standard. Fundamental to the development of the Standard was NGTL’s Platform Design Concept. Initially this design concept was adopted as an integral component of NGTL’s business need to reduce and streamline internal processes. This concept was then applied to external processes in an effort to meet business needs. The Standard includes two primary components, Guiding Principles and Platforms. By combining NGTL Guiding Principles (‘What’ and ‘Why’) and NGTL Platforms (‘How’), the Concept provides a systematic design guide for all projects that allows NGTL to make the right decisions based on the right design criteria. NGTL submitted the C&R Standard document to Alberta Environmental Protection for review in July 1997 and is currently implementing the Standard for all C&R Applications. This paper describes the development of the document as well as the implementation process and experience of the Standard.
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Tocantins, João Pedro, Cecilia Vazquez Carrizo, Julia Creamer, Diego Mendoza, Giovanny Ortuno, and Romulo Duran. "Successful Drilling Optimization in Carboniferous Formation Sets New Benchmark Performance Standards for the Subandean Area of Bolivia." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31824-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Margarita-10 well is located in the Caipipendi block of southern Bolivia. This block accounts for 30% of the gas production for the entire country. An operator faced a unique challenge to reduce well construction costs for this well while drilling through a harsh Carboniferous formations sequence. The Carboniferous interval is extremely hard and abrasive with unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values ranging from 12,000 psi to 24,000 psi, averaging 20,000 psi with 32,000-psi peaks. This interval is a complex drilling environment consisting of interbedded, conglomeratic, hard, and abrasive lithologies that presents several drilling obstacles, such as formation heterogeneity and multiple geological uncertainties. These obstacles often impact drilling operations, including the bit's cutting structure being prematurely damaged that can cause nonproductive time typically related to the low rate of penetration (ROP) and poor drillsting dynamic behavior with severe levels of shocks; thus, multiple unwanted bottomhole assembly (BHA) trips. The operator's major objective was to reduce the high well-construction costs in this environment; hence, motivating the search for a novel drill-bit cutting structure design that would produce a step change in drilling performance. To accurately determine the environmental factors that influence bit performance, a detailed formation mapping analysis was performed using geological data from nearby wells. To comprehend the causes of previous failure modes, an engineering program for rock-strength identification was used to identify the rock types and lithology characteristics, such as rock UCS, expected formation abrasion, and impact indexes. This information was used to adjust the digital rock file and better reproduce the actual drilling conditions in the Carboniferous strata virtually to develop a suitable cutting structure, predict drillstring vibrations, and recommend optimal drilling parameters to maximize the performance of the product downhole. The operator successfully deployed the novel drill-bit cutting structure, achieving above field average results in terms of ROP and footage. The first drilling run in the Margarita-10 well drilled over 300% additional footage (compared with the offset average) at double the ROP and was pulled out of the hole (POOH) with an excellent dull condition. The drilling second run was equally successful, with 332% additional footage drilled and 45% higher ROP compared with the offset average. These results reduced the rig time by 20 days, resulting in significant well construction costs savings for the operator. Moreover, considering 2.6 kg of CO2 per liter of diesel burned daily resulted in allowing more than 600 t of CO2 emission reduction.
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Tocantins, João Pedro, Cecilia Vazquez Carrizo, Julia Creamer, Diego Mendoza, Giovanny Ortuno, and Romulo Duran. "Successful Drilling Optimization in Carboniferous Formation Sets New Benchmark Performance Standards for the Subandean Area of Bolivia." In Offshore Technology Conference. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31824-ms.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
Abstract The Margarita-10 well is located in the Caipipendi block of southern Bolivia. This block accounts for 30% of the gas production for the entire country. An operator faced a unique challenge to reduce well construction costs for this well while drilling through a harsh Carboniferous formations sequence. The Carboniferous interval is extremely hard and abrasive with unconfined compressive strength (UCS) values ranging from 12,000 psi to 24,000 psi, averaging 20,000 psi with 32,000-psi peaks. This interval is a complex drilling environment consisting of interbedded, conglomeratic, hard, and abrasive lithologies that presents several drilling obstacles, such as formation heterogeneity and multiple geological uncertainties. These obstacles often impact drilling operations, including the bit's cutting structure being prematurely damaged that can cause nonproductive time typically related to the low rate of penetration (ROP) and poor drillsting dynamic behavior with severe levels of shocks; thus, multiple unwanted bottomhole assembly (BHA) trips. The operator's major objective was to reduce the high well-construction costs in this environment; hence, motivating the search for a novel drill-bit cutting structure design that would produce a step change in drilling performance. To accurately determine the environmental factors that influence bit performance, a detailed formation mapping analysis was performed using geological data from nearby wells. To comprehend the causes of previous failure modes, an engineering program for rock-strength identification was used to identify the rock types and lithology characteristics, such as rock UCS, expected formation abrasion, and impact indexes. This information was used to adjust the digital rock file and better reproduce the actual drilling conditions in the Carboniferous strata virtually to develop a suitable cutting structure, predict drillstring vibrations, and recommend optimal drilling parameters to maximize the performance of the product downhole. The operator successfully deployed the novel drill-bit cutting structure, achieving above field average results in terms of ROP and footage. The first drilling run in the Margarita-10 well drilled over 300% additional footage (compared with the offset average) at double the ROP and was pulled out of the hole (POOH) with an excellent dull condition. The drilling second run was equally successful, with 332% additional footage drilled and 45% higher ROP compared with the offset average. These results reduced the rig time by 20 days, resulting in significant well construction costs savings for the operator. Moreover, considering 2.6 kg of CO2 per liter of diesel burned daily resulted in allowing more than 600 t of CO2 emission reduction.
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González Giraldo, Luis Fernando. "FRONTERAS AGRÍCOLAS, MERCADO Y CONFLICTO Persistencia de la violencia en la Cuenca del Guaviare." In Seminario Internacional de Investigación en Urbanismo. Universidad Piloto de Colombia, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/siiu.10243.
Повний текст джерелаАнотація:
From the critical analysis of the factors and actors of the violence and the geographical, historical, social and economic antecedents of the occupation of the territory, it is intended to address the question of why the conflict persists in the Guaviare river watershed, confluence of the departments del Meta, Guaviare and Vichada, one of the regions most characterized by this phenomenon in Colombia, expressed in the substitution of violent actors, the increase in illicit crops, illegal mining and environmental damage.
 
 This, four years after signing the 2016 peace agreement and despite the fact that it established for some of these areas, especially affected by violence, specific figures of attention (Zones most affected by the conflict (ZOMAC), Development programs with territorial approach (PDET) with community participation, institutional presence and investment, to solve the causes of the conflict that had had the greatest impact there and facilitate comprehensive social development.
 
 Finally, recognizing the total incidence of the model and the legal and illegal economic actors, the expansion of the agricultural frontier and the interrelation with strategic corridors in regional dynamics, a different treatment of the conflict is proposed, focusing attention on controlling these factors; as much or more than the armed actors.
 
 Keywords Conflict, territorial control, economic model
 Thematic block: analysis and territorial project Desde el análisis crítico de los factores y actores de la violencia y los antecedentes geográficos, históricos, sociales y económicos de la ocupación del territorio, se pretende abordar la cuestión del porqué persiste el conflicto en la cuenca del río Guaviare, confluencia de los departamentos del Meta, Guaviare y Vichada, una de las regiones más caracterizadas por ese fenómeno en Colombia, expresado en la sustitución de los actores violentos, el incremento de los cultivos ilícitos, la minería ilegal y la afectación ambiental.
 Esto, cuatro años después de suscribirse el acuerdo de paz del 2016 y pese a que este estableció para algunas de estas zonas, especialmente afectadas por la violencia, figuras específicas de atención (Zonas más afectadas por el conflicto (ZOMAC) y programas de Desarrollo con enfoque territorial (PDET) con participación comunitaria, presencia institucional e inversión, para solventar las causas del conflicto que allí había tenido mayor impacto y facilitar un desarrollo social integral. 
 Finalmente, reconociendo la incidencia total del modelo y los actores económicos legales e ilegales , la ampliación de la frontera agrícola y la interrelación con los corredores estratégicos en las dinámicas regionales, se plantea un tratamiento diferente al conflicto, enfocando la atención al control de esos factores; tanto o más que a los actores armados. 
 Palabras clave Conflicto, control territorial, modelo económico 
 Bloque temático: análisis y proyecto territorial