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Статті в журналах з теми "Brain functors"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 3 червня 2025

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Ellerman, David. "On Adjoint and Brain Functors." Axiomathes 26 (August 13, 2015): 41–61. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10516-015-9278-7.

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There is some consensus among orthodox category theorists that the concept of adjoint functors is the most important concept contributed to mathematics by category theory. We give a heterodox treatment of adjoints using heteromorphisms (object-to-object morphisms between objects of different categories) that parses an adjunction into two separate parts (left and right representations of heteromorphisms). Then these separate parts can be recombined in a new way to define a cognate concept, the brain functor, to abstractly model the functions of perception and action of

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2

Ellerman, David. "On Adjoint and Brain Functors." Axiomathes 26, no. 1 (2015): 41–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10516-015-9278-7.

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3

David, Ellerman. "BRAIN Journal - Brain Functors: A mathematical model of intentional perception and action." BRAIN - Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 7, no. 1 (2016): 5–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1044260.

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ABSTRACT Category theory has foundational importance because it provides conceptual lenses to characterize what is important and universal in mathematics - with adjunctions being the primary lens. If adjunctions are so important in mathematics, then perhaps they will isolate concepts of some importance in the empirical sciences. But the applications of adjunctions have been hampered by an overly restrictive formulation that avoids heteromorphisms or hets. By reformulating an adjunction using hets, it is split into two parts, a left and a right semiadjunction. Semiadjunctions (essentially a for

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4

Northoff, Georg, Naotsugu Tsuchiya, and Hayato Saigo. "Mathematics and the Brain: A Category Theoretical Approach to Go Beyond the Neural Correlates of Consciousness." Entropy 21, no. 12 (2019): 1234. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e21121234.

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Consciousness is a central issue in neuroscience, however, we still lack a formal framework that can address the nature of the relationship between consciousness and its physical substrates. In this review, we provide a novel mathematical framework of category theory (CT), in which we can define and study the sameness between different domains of phenomena such as consciousness and its neural substrates. CT was designed and developed to deal with the relationships between various domains of phenomena. We introduce three concepts of CT which include (i) category; (ii) inclusion functor and expa

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5

Müller, Ralph-Axel. "Innateness, autonomy, universality? Neurobiological approaches to language." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 19, no. 4 (1996): 611–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00043296.

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AbstractThe concepts of the innateness, universality, species-specificity, and autonomy of the human language capacity have had an extreme impact on the psycholinguistic debate for over thirty years. These concepts are evaluated from several neurobiological perspectives, with an emphasis on the emergence of language and its decay due to brain lesion and progressive brain disease.Evidence of perceptuomotor homologies and preadaptations for human language in nonhuman primates suggests a gradual emergence of language during hominid evolution. Regarding ontogeny, the innate component of language c

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6

Zhang, Yuanxi. "Research on General Brain Functions." Theoretical and Natural Science 70, no. 1 (2024): 56–61. https://doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/2024.18229.

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The human brain is a highly complex organ responsible for a wide range of essential functions, from cognitive processing to the regulation of physiological activities. This paper provides an overview of the brains unique capabilities, including higher cognitive functions, consciousness, and memory formation. Using neuroimaging and neurological studies, the essay explores how specific brain regions contribute to decision-making, self-awareness, and learning. Furthermore, a comparison between the brain and other organs highlights its role in behavior regulation and goal-oriented actions. The pap

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7

Wierenga, Lara M., Marieke G. N. Bos, Fabienne van Rossenberg, and Eveline A. Crone. "Sex Effects on Development of Brain Structure and Executive Functions: Greater Variance than Mean Effects." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 31, no. 5 (2019): 730–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01375.

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Although male brains have consistently reported to be 8–10% larger than female brains, it remains not well understood whether there are differences between sexes (average or variance) in developmental trajectories. Furthermore, if sex differences in average brain growth or variance are observed, it is unknown whether these sex differences have behavioral relevance. The present longitudinal study aimed to unravel sex effects in cortical brain structure, development, and variance, in relation to the development of educationally relevant cognitive domains and executive functions (EFs). This was a

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8

Li, Ziyu. "Quantum physics: A better model to understand consciousness-related brain functions." Theoretical and Natural Science 34, no. 1 (2024): 262–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-8818/34/20241123.

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With the development of quantum mechanics, it is applied to different fields, including biology. As intricate as human brains, quantum physics is replacing classical physics in explaining consciousness-related brain functions. The bilayer phospholipid membrane enables neurons in the brain to store and protect quantum information, and the abundance of 1/2-spin phosphorous creates potential for quantum entanglement that allows information to transfer along long distances and process consciousness. Scientists have used Schrdinger's cat thought experiment to explain how the uncertain and superimpo

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9

PODOLL, KLAUS, PETER CASPARY, HERWIG W. LANGE, and JOHANNES NOTH. "LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN HUNTINGTON'S DISEASE." Brain 111, no. 6 (1988): 1475–503. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/111.6.1475.

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10

Zweig, Richard M. "Functions of the basal ganglia." Brain 118, no. 3 (1995): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/118.3.822.

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11

R. Suryawanshi, Chandani, and Vinod Nayyar. "BLUE BRAIN." INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT & INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY 7, no. 2 (2013): 1009–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/ijmit.v7i2.3294.

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Today scientists are in research to create an artificial brain that can think, respond, take decision, and keep anything in memory. The main aim is to upload human brain into machine. So that man can think, take decision without any effort. After the death of the body, the virtual brain will act as the man. So, even after the death of a person we will not loose the knowledge, intelligence, personalities, feelings and memories of that man, that can be used for the development of the human society. Technology is growing faster than every thing. IBM is now in research to create a virtual brain, c

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12

Bach-y-Rita, Paul, and Gaetano L. Aiello. "Brain energetics and evolution." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, no. 2 (2001): 280–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x01243957.

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The human brain does not use more energy than the smaller brains of animals of comparable corporal weight. Uniquely, human functions localized largely in parts of the human brain that show greatest size increase over other animals may be mediated primarily by nonsynaptic neurotransmission, with reduced energy cost per kilogram of brain. This may affect the energetic constraints on evolution.

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13

Colombo, Michael. "Avian Brains: Primate-like Functions of Neurons in the Crow Brain." Current Biology 29, no. 16 (2019): R794—R796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cub.2019.07.001.

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14

PODOLL, K., M. SCHWARZ, and J. NOTH. "LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS IN PROGRESSIVE SUPRANUCLEAR PALSY." Brain 114, no. 3 (1991): 1457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/114.3.1457.

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15

Gerhand, S. "THE PREFRONTAL CORTEXEXECUTIVE AND COGNITIVE FUNCTIONS." Brain 122, no. 5 (1999): 994–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/122.5.994.

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16

Saxena, Vipin, Sugandha Singh, and Karm Veer Singh. "MRI Brain Tumor Prediction using Azure Streamlit Framework and Analysis of CNN Activation Functions." Indian Journal Of Science And Technology 16, no. 37 (2023): 3129–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.17485/ijst/v16i37.427.

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17

Zeighami, Yashar, and Ahmed A. Moustafa. "Differential functions of ventral and dorsal striatum." Brain 138, no. 10 (2015): e381-e381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv084.

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18

Bridge, Holly, and Stuart Clare. "High-resolution MRI: in vivo histology?" Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 361, no. 1465 (2005): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2005.1777.

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For centuries scientists have been fascinated with the question of how the brain works. Investigators have looked at both where different functions are localized and how the anatomical microstructure varies across the brain surface. Here we discuss how advances in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have allowed in vivo visualization of the fine structure of the brain that was previously only visible in post-mortem brains. We present data showing the correspondence between definitions of the primary visual cortex defined anatomically using very high-resolution MRI and functionally using functiona

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19

Cristina, Anamaria Costescu, and Nicolae Opre Adrian. "AWAKE School Intervention Program: Improving Executive Functions and Reducing Social and Emotional Difficulties in School-Aged Children." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 15, no. 2 (2024): 94–112. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/15.2/566.

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<em>This paper reports the results from a school-based intervention for primary and elementary children evaluating the AWAKE project. The AWAKE intervention is a universal program that can be applied by teachers and is designed to improve children’s executive functions and well as their social and emotional well-being.  141 children aged from 6 to 14 from Romania and Austria were involved in the study and 50 teachers implemented the intervention. Out of the 141 children 37 of them had some learning difficulties, 25 children had a difficult social background, and 39 of them had some

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20

Dietz, V., and K. Fouad. "Restoration of sensorimotor functions after spinal cord injury." Brain 137, no. 3 (2013): 654–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt262.

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21

Vo, Khoi, Robb B. Rutledge, Anjan Chatterjee, and Joseph W. Kable. "Reply: Differential functions of ventral and dorsal striatum." Brain 138, no. 10 (2015): e382-e382. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awv085.

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22

Lawrence, Andrew D., Barbara J. Sahakian, John R. Hodges, Anne E. Rosser, Klaus W. Lange, and Trevor W. Robbins. "Executive and mnemonic functions in early Huntington's disease." Brain 119, no. 5 (1996): 1633–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/119.5.1633.

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23

Antonis, Theofilidis. "Treatment of Patients in Coma and Exercises for Enhancing Cognitive Functions after Traumatic Brain Injury." Neuroscience and Neurological Surgery 9, no. 4 (2021): 01–03. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2578-8868/193.

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The neuropsychological training methods for the restoration of sensory losses after a TBI aim both at the restoration of the sensory losses and at the practice of the other senses to "compensate" for the dysfunctional sensation. Aim: The purpose of the study was to present treatment of patients in coma and exercises for enhancing cognitive functions after traumatic brain injury. Results: Electronically assisted treatment methods (Computer - Assisted Treatment, CAT) are now recognized methods, with high success rates in the rehabilitation of patients after TBI. Conclusions: Cognitive rehabilita

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24

Norouzi-Bonab, Faraz, Kimia Zabihi, Mahsa Hasanzadeh-Moghadam, and Seyed Zanyar Athari. "Visualized Rapid Brain Extraction in Rats." Biomedical Research Bulletin 1, no. 3 (2023): 109–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/biomedrb.2023.21.

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Rapid brain extraction is essential for studies involving neural functions, such as electrophysiology and neurochemical experiments. Streamlining the pre-processing pipeline through rapid rat brain extraction improves research by avoiding bias and enhancing efficiency. The manual extraction of brains from rodents is time-consuming, which can affect research outcomes. Achieving fresh brain tissue is essential for experimental procedures in neuroscience, neurophysiology, and neuropharmacology, which are important for evaluating molecular alterations in proteins, mRNAs, and electrophysiology. Thi

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25

KOZMA, ROBERT, and H. JOHN CAULFIELD. "NEURODYNAMIC CORRELATES OF HIGHER COGNITION AND CONSCIOUSNESS — EDITORIAL." New Mathematics and Natural Computation 05, no. 01 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793005709001350.

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In spite of the explosive growth of experimental research in basic neurobiology and neurophysiology of brain components in the past decade, understanding the integrated functioning of the brain remains a significant scientific challenge. Essential for understanding human brain function is the detailed knowledge concerning the spatio-temporal dynamics of neuronal populations and their intricate interactions during cognitive functions. The aim of the present issue is to examine brain dynamics and cognitive functions from a multidisciplinary perspective and to introduce the most recent results in

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26

Ilieş, Iulian, Mario L. Muscedere, and James F. A. Traniello. "Neuroanatomical and Morphological Trait Clusters in the Ant Genus Pheidole: Evidence for Modularity and Integration in Brain Structure." Brain, Behavior and Evolution 85, no. 1 (2015): 63–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000370100.

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A central question in brain evolution concerns how selection has structured neuromorphological variation to generate adaptive behavior. In social insects, brain structures differ between reproductive and sterile castes, and worker behavioral specializations related to morphology, age, and ecology are associated with intra- and interspecific variation in investment in functionally different brain compartments. Workers in the hyperdiverse ant genus Pheidole are morphologically and behaviorally differentiated into minor and major subcastes that exhibit distinct species-typical patterns of brain c

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27

Azis, Abdul, and Suyadi Suyadi. "Arabic Learning Media Based on Neuroscience." Insyirah: Jurnal Ilmu Bahasa Arab dan Studi Islam 6, no. 1 (2023): 34–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/insyirah.v6i1.6731.

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Learning Arabic cannot be separated from learning media that can carry out the functions of the right brain and left brain, so learning Arabic will run effectively. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. Researchers in data analysis use content analysis method where this method is carried out by identifying information objectively. The result of this discussion is that Arabic learning media that can optimize the left brain and right brain are varied. Neuroscience-based Arabic learning media. The first, using a flash card or word card media. Second, using audio-v

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28

Quinette, P. "Working memory and executive functions in transient global amnesia." Brain 126, no. 9 (2003): 1917–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awg201.

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29

Mitchell, R. L. C. "Right hemisphere language functions and schizophrenia: the forgotten hemisphere?" Brain 128, no. 5 (2005): 963–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awh466.

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30

Stieve, Hennig. "Limits of Natural Science: Brain Research and Computers." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 50, no. 5-6 (1995): 317–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1995-5-601.

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Abstract The criterion that pure natural science can only investigate objective phenomena which can be observed by independent observers sets certain limits to our scientific understanding of brain functions. The methods and the present state of brain research and of computer development are described. The limitations of brain research are discussed by comparing the properties of brains and computers. At least for the time being we do not know of any natural scientific -i.e. physical or chemical -method which allows the objective measurement of consciousness, sensations, and emotions.

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31

De Vries, Geert J. "Minireview: Sex Differences in Adult and Developing Brains: Compensation, Compensation, Compensation." Endocrinology 145, no. 3 (2004): 1063–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/en.2003-1504.

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Abstract Despite decades of research, we do not know the functional significance of most sex differences in the brain. We are heavily invested in the idea that sex differences in brain structure cause sex differences in behavior. We rarely consider the possibility that sex differences in brain structure may also prevent sex differences in overt functions and behavior, by compensating for sex differences in physiological conditions, e.g. gonadal hormone levels that may generate undesirable sex differences if left unchecked. Such a dual function for sex differences is unlikely to be restricted t

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32

Dalamagka, Maria. "Dimorphic behavior and cognition." Auctores Publishing LLC. Clinical Research and Clinical Trials 11, no. 1 (2024): 1–3. https://doi.org/10.31579/2693-4779/235.

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Sexual differences in the structure and functions of the human brain have been the subject of much speculation ever since the time of Greek antiquity. Aristotle, designated the moment at which the male fetus receives its soul at the 40th day of gestation, whereas the female fetus was supposed to become antimated only six weeks later, around the 80th day of pregnancy. In the course of 19th century, the interest in the sexual dimorphism of the human brain grew rapidly. The first studies reported that the male brains were larger and more asymmetrical than the female brains and that men had relati

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33

Stell, Alessia, Silvia Belcredito, Paolo Ciana, and Adriana Maggi. "Molecular Imaging Provides Novel Insights on Estrogen Receptor Activity in Mouse Brain." Molecular Imaging 7, no. 6 (2008): 7290.2008.00027. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/7290.2008.00027.

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Estrogen receptors have long been known to be expressed in several brain areas in addition to those directly involved in the control of reproductive functions. Investigations in humans and in animal models suggest a strong influence of estrogens on limbic and motor functions, yet the complexity and heterogeneity of neural tissue have limited our approaches to the full understanding of estrogen activity in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to examine the transcriptional activity of estrogen receptors in the brain of male and female mice. Exploiting the ERE-Luc reporter mouse

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34

Rajan, Arjun, Cyrina M. Ostgaard, and Cheng-Yu Lee. "Regulation of Neural Stem Cell Competency and Commitment during Indirect Neurogenesis." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, no. 23 (2021): 12871. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222312871.

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Indirect neurogenesis, during which neural stem cells generate neurons through intermediate progenitors, drives the evolution of lissencephalic brains to gyrencephalic brains. The mechanisms that specify intermediate progenitor identity and that regulate stem cell competency to generate intermediate progenitors remain poorly understood despite their roles in indirect neurogenesis. Well-characterized lineage hierarchy and available powerful genetic tools for manipulating gene functions make fruit fly neural stem cell (neuroblast) lineages an excellent in vivo paradigm for investigating the mech

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35

Kang, You Jung, and Hansang Cho. "Human brain organoids in Alzheimer’s disease." Organoid 1 (January 31, 2021): e5. http://dx.doi.org/10.51335/organoid.2021.1.e5.

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Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a progressive neurological disorder that typically involves neuronal damage leading to the deterioration of cognitive and essential body functions in aging brains. Major signatures of AD pathology include the deposition of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles, disruption of the blood-brain barrier, and induction of hyper-activated proinflammation in the brain, leading to synaptic impairment and neuronal loss. However, conventional pharmacotherapeutic modalities merely alleviate symptoms, but do not cure AD, partly because drug screening has used model systems

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36

Powley, Terry L. "Brain-gut communication: vagovagal reflexes interconnect the two “brains”." American Journal of Physiology-Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology 321, no. 5 (2021): G576—G587. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpgi.00214.2021.

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The gastrointestinal tract has its own “brain,” the enteric nervous system or ENS, that executes routine housekeeping functions of digestion. The dorsal vagal complex in the central nervous system (CNS) brainstem, however, organizes vagovagal reflexes and establishes interconnections between the entire neuroaxis of the CNS and the gut. Thus, the dorsal vagal complex links the “CNS brain” to the “ENS brain.” This brain-gut connectome provides reflex adjustments that optimize digestion and assimilation of nutrients and fluid. Vagovagal circuitry also generates the plasticity and adaptability nee

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37

Harper, D. G., E. G. Stopa, V. Kuo-Leblanc, et al. "Dorsomedial SCN neuronal subpopulations subserve different functions in human dementia." Brain 131, no. 6 (2008): 1609–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awn049.

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38

Nasios, Grigorios, Efthymios Dardiotis, and Lambros Messinis. "From Broca and Wernicke to the Neuromodulation Era: Insights of Brain Language Networks for Neurorehabilitation." Behavioural Neurology 2019 (July 22, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/9894571.

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Communication in humans activates almost every part of the brain. Of course, the use of language predominates, but other cognitive functions such as attention, memory, emotion, and executive processes are also involved. However, in order to explain how our brain “understands,” “speaks,” and “writes,” and in order to rehabilitate aphasic disorders, neuroscience has faced the challenge for years to reveal the responsible neural networks. Broca and Wernicke (and Lichtheim and many others), during the 19th century, when brain research was mainly observational and autopsy driven, offered fundamenta

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39

Assonov, D.O. "Correlation between resilience and cognitive functioning in veterans with traumatic brain injury." Medicni perspektivi 28, no. 1 (2023): 124–31. https://doi.org/10.26641/2307-0404.2023.1.276041.

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Resilience in veterans with brain trauma in remote period has received considerable attention over the past years. Cognitive functioning is described among factors that may influence resilience and included in the modern theoretical models of this positive psychology phenomenon. However, the characteristics of relationship between resilience and cognitive functioning in veterans with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in remote period was not studied empirically. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to gain better understanding of the possible association between resilience and cognitive functio

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40

Lorch, M. P. "Examining language functions: a reassessment of Bastian's contribution to aphasia assessment." Brain 136, no. 8 (2013): 2629–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/brain/awt135.

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41

Murray-Kolb, Laura E. "Iron and brain functions." Current Opinion in Clinical Nutrition and Metabolic Care 16, no. 6 (2013): 703–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mco.0b013e3283653ef8.

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42

Banisadr, Ghazal, William Rostene, Patrick Kitabgi, and Stephane Parsadaniantz. "Chemokines and Brain Functions." Current Drug Target -Inflammation & Allergy 4, no. 3 (2005): 387–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568010054022097.

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43

Stern, P. "Neuroscience: Higher Brain Functions." Science 306, no. 5695 (2004): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.306.5695.431.

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44

Brown, Joson W. "Functions of the Brain." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 175, no. 8 (1987): 503–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198708000-00012.

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45

Tancredi, Laurence R., and Jonathan D. Brodie. "The Brain and Behavior: Limitations in the Legal Use of Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging." American Journal of Law & Medicine 33, no. 2-3 (2007): 271–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880703300206.

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Brain imaging is one of the most remarkable technological advances towards understanding the relationship of behavior to brain anatomy and physiology. Brain images provide insight to understanding behavior. Additionally, the images themselves carry great impact, particularly when used to show differences in either the anatomy or the biological functioning of two different brains. For these reasons, brain images have increasingly been used in both criminal and civil trials.After describing some general features of brain imaging, we will focus on functional magnetic imaging (fMRI), as many belie

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Fujiyuki, Tomoko, Emiko Matsuzaka, Takayoshi Nakaoka, et al. "Distribution of Kakugo Virus and Its Effects on the Gene Expression Profile in the Brain of the Worker Honeybee Apis mellifera L." Journal of Virology 83, no. 22 (2009): 11560–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00519-09.

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ABSTRACT We previously identified a novel insect picorna-like virus, termed Kakugo virus (KV), obtained from the brains of aggressive honeybee worker bees that had counterattacked giant hornets. Here we examined the tissue distribution of KV and alterations of gene expression profiles in the brains of KV-infected worker bees to analyze possible effects of KV infection on honeybee neural and physiological states. By use of in situ hybridization, KV was broadly detected in the brains of the naturally KV-infected worker bees. When inoculated experimentally into bees, KV was detected in restricted

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Kaplan, Gisela, and Lesley J. Rogers. "Brain Size Associated with Foot Preferences in Australian Parrots." Symmetry 13, no. 5 (2021): 867. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym13050867.

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Since foot preference of cockatoos and parrots to hold and manipulate food and other objects has been associated with better ability to perform certain tasks, we predicted that either strength or direction of foot preference would correlate with brain size. Our study of 25 psittacine species of Australia found that species with larger absolute brain mass have stronger foot preferences and that percent left-footedness is correlated positively with brain mass. In a sub-sample of 11 species, we found an association between foot preference and size of the nidopallial region of the telencephalon, a

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48

Crawley, O., MJ Conde-Dusman, and Pérez-Otaño. "GluN3A NMDA receptor subunits: more enigmatic than ever?" Journal of Physiology Volume600, Issue2 (2022): Pages 261–276. https://doi.org/10.1113/JP280879.

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Non-conventional N-methyl-d-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) containing GluN3A subunits have unique biophysical, signalling and localization properties within the NMDAR family, and are typically thought to counterbalance functions of classical NMDARs made up of GluN1/2 subunits. Beyond their recognized roles in synapse refinement during postnatal development, recent evidence is building a wider perspective for GluN3A functions. Here we draw particular attention to the latest developments for this multifaceted and unusual subunit: from finely timed expression patterns that correlate with plasticity

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Chen, Wenyu, Ling Zhan, and Tao Jia. "Sex Differences in Hierarchical and Modular Organization of Functional Brain Networks: Insights from Hierarchical Entropy and Modularity Analysis." Entropy 26, no. 10 (2024): 864. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e26100864.

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Existing studies have demonstrated significant sex differences in the neural mechanisms of daily life and neuropsychiatric disorders. The hierarchical organization of the functional brain network is a critical feature for assessing these neural mechanisms. But the sex differences in hierarchical organization have not been fully investigated. Here, we explore whether the hierarchical structure of the brain network differs between females and males using resting-state fMRI data. We measure the hierarchical entropy and the maximum modularity of each individual, and identify a significant negative

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OPERTO, Francesca Felicia, Grazia Maria Giovanna PASTORINO, Chiara PADOVANO, Chiara SCUOPPO, Valentina VIVENZIO, and Giangennaro COPPOLA. "Social Cognition in Neuropsychiatric Disorders in Pediatric Age." BRAIN. Broad Research in Artificial Intelligence and Neuroscience 11, no. 3 Sup.1 (2020): 81–88. https://doi.org/10.18662/brain/11.3Sup1/124.

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 Objective: The purpose of our study was to assess social cognition in ad-olescents and children with epilepsy or Specific Learning Disorder (SLD) compared to typical individuals. It was verified whether the age of onset, duration and drug therapy of epileptics can influence this ability and if there is a correlation between Social Cognition, intelligence and executive functions.Methods: This is an observational cross-sectional study that included a total of 125 subjects between 7 and 16 years (62 with focal epilepsy and 63 with SLD). The control group included 32 healthy subjects. Study

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