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Статті в журналах з теми "Bridge's Transition Model":
1
Fang, Yu, and Lijun Sun. "Developing A Semi-Markov Process Model for Bridge Deterioration Prediction in Shanghai." Sustainability 11, no. 19 (October 7, 2019): 5524. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195524.
Анотація:
The performance of urban bridges will deteriorate gradually throughout service life. Bridge deterioration prediction is essential for bridge management, especially for maintenance planning and decision-making. By considering the time-dependent reliability in the bridge deterioration process, a Weibull distribution based semi-Markov process model for urban bridge deterioration prediction was proposed in this paper. Historical inspection records stored in the Bridge Manage System (BMS) database in Shanghai since 2004 were investigated. The Weibull distribution was used to characterize the bridge deterioration behavior within each condition rating (CR), and the semi-Markov process was used to calculate the bridge transition probabilities between adjacent CRs. After that, the service life expectancy of urban bridges, the transition probabilities of the deck system and the substructure, and the future CR proportion change caused by deterioration was predicted. The prediction results indicate that the life expectancy of concrete beam bridges is about 77 years. The decay rate of the deck system is the fastest among three major parts, and the substructure has a much longer life expectancy. It suggests that the overall prediction accuracy of the semi-Markov model in network-level is better than the regression analysis method. Furthermore, the proportion of bridges in intact condition will gradually decrease in the next few decades, while the percentage of bridges in the qualified and bad state will increase rapidly. The prediction results show a good agreement with the actual deterioration trend of the urban bridges in Shanghai. In order to alleviate the pressure of bridge maintenance in the future, it is necessary to adopt a more targeted preventive maintenance strategy.
2
BURCHAM, C. L., and D. A. SAVILLE. "Electrohydrodynamic stability: Taylor–Melcher theory for a liquid bridge suspended in a dielectric gas." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 452 (February 10, 2002): 163–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112001006784.
Анотація:
A liquid bridge is a column of liquid, pinned at each end. Here we analyse the stability of a bridge pinned between planar electrodes held at different potentials and surrounded by a non-conducting, dielectric gas. In the absence of electric fields, surface tension destabilizes bridges with aspect ratios (length/diameter) greater than π. Here we describe how electrical forces counteract surface tension, using a linearized model. When the liquid is treated as an Ohmic conductor, the specific conductivity level is irrelevant and only the dielectric properties of the bridge and the surrounding gas are involved. Fourier series and a biharmonic, biorthogonal set of Papkovich–Fadle functions are used to formulate an eigenvalue problem. Numerical solutions disclose that the most unstable axisymmetric deformation is antisymmetric with respect to the bridge’s midplane. It is shown that whilst a bridge whose length exceeds its circumference may be unstable, a sufficiently strong axial field provides stability if the dielectric constant of the bridge exceeds that of the surrounding fluid. Conversely, a field destabilizes a bridge whose dielectric constant is lower than that of its surroundings, even when its aspect ratio is less than π. Bridge behaviour is sensitive to the presence of conduction along the surface and much higher fields are required for stability when surface transport is present. The theoretical results are compared with experimental work (Burcham & Saville 2000) that demonstrated how a field stabilizes an otherwise unstable configuration. According to the experiments, the bridge undergoes two asymmetric transitions (cylinder-to-amphora and pinch-off) as the field is reduced. Agreement between theory and experiment for the field strength at the pinch-off transition is excellent, but less so for the change from cylinder to amphora. Using surface conductivity as an adjustable parameter brings theory and experiment into agreement.
3
Tilson, George P., Richard G. Luecking, and Mark R. Donovan. "Involving Employers in Transition: The Bridges Model." Career Development for Exceptional Individuals 17, no. 1 (April 1994): 77–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/088572889401700107.
4
Dong, Li, Yue Gong, and Yi Zhang. "Numerical Simulation Analysis of Rigid Permeable Plate Embedded in Abutment Back." E3S Web of Conferences 136 (2019): 04060. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201913604060.
Анотація:
In order to solve the problem of bumping at bridge head of bridges in our country and reduce the void volume of bridge end transition slab, the method of embedding rigid permeable plates is proposed in this paper. Combined with different engineering situations and using geotechnical engineering stress and strain professional analysis software SIGMA/W to model, the performance and engineering applicability of rigid permeable plates are numerically simulated. The results show that the bearing capacity of rigid permeable plate meets the engineering load requirements and is in line with the engineering applicability; Embedding rigid permeable plate can effectively reduce the void volume of bridge end transition slab, especially when the compactness of abutment back is lower, the effect of rigid permeable plate on reducing the void volume of bridge end transition slab is more obvious. The proposed method of embedded rigid permeable plate provides valuable theoretical and scientific basis for solving the problem of bridge head jumping.
5
WANG, JIN-YUN, CHEN-SHENG LIN, MIN-YI ZHANG, GUO-LIANG CHAI, and WEN-DAN CHENG. "THEORETICAL STUDY OF ONE- AND TWO-PHOTON ABSORPTION PROPERTIES FOR THREE SERIES OF DIPHENYLAMINE AND DIFLUORENYLAMINE SUBSTITUTED CONJUGATED COMPOUNDS." Journal of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry 11, no. 05 (October 2012): 1033–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0219633612500691.
Анотація:
The one-photon (OPA) and two-photon (TPA) absorption properties of three series of symmetrically substituted quadrupolar compounds with structure of donor-π bridge-donor (D–π–D) were investigated by time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) based on the Hartree–Fock (HF)-optimized geometrical structures. These compounds were constructed with either phenyl or fluorenyl groups connected by vinylene unit as the central π-conjugated bridges and either diphenylamine or difluorenylamine groups as terminal electron donors. The calculated OPA spectra are dominated by two strong transitions which are attributed to the charge transfers from the donor groups to central conjugated chains. The OPA and TPA transition strength all increase with the extension of conjugated chain length in each series and the corresponding wavelength shifts red in general. The transition strength in either OPA or TPA process also increases from series one to series two or three by replacing the phenyl groups with fluorenyl groups. The intramolecular charge transfers make significant contributions to the TPA activity. According to the three-state model, the enhanced TPA activity comes from the enhancement of transition moment between states–states as conjugated chain increases.
6
Ravirala, V., D. A. Grivas, A. Madan, and B. C. Schultz. "Multicriteria Optimization Method for Network-Level Bridge Management." Transportation Research Record: Journal of the Transportation Research Board 1561, no. 1 (January 1996): 37–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0361198196156100105.
Анотація:
A multicriteria optimization method for analyzing important capital investment decisions involved in managing bridge infrastructure is presented. The condition assessment and decision variables of the method can be adapted to analyze a population of small and medium-size bridges or a population of spans of a large bridge. Condition ratings of various bridge structural elements are used to assess the condition needs of four major components. Subsequent use of this information leads to characterization of bridge condition by defining bridge states. State increment models are used to identify suitable treatment options for each state and predict the variable time over which state increments (or transitions) occur. These state increment models are incorporated into an optimization method that has three major steps: (a) identification of objective functions representing the multiple decision criteria, (b) assessment of the importance of each objective in achieving the numerical goals targeted by decision makers, and (c) formulation of a goal programming model. The goal program determines an optimal multi-year bridge program that minimizes the weighted sum of deviations from goals. Important results from the analysis of capital program scenarios for more than 800 small and medium-size bridges managed by the New York State Thruway Authority are presented. It is concluded that the multicriteria optimization method provides a useful tool to analyze multiple goal-oriented scenarios for a bridge capital program and establish a relationship between average network condition rating and total expenditure.
7
Johnson, Jennifer Michelle. "Managing transitions, building bridges." Journal for Multicultural Education 10, no. 2 (June 13, 2016): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jme-01-2016-0010.
Анотація:
Purpose This paper aims to highlight the potential of science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) summer bridge programs to promote college persistence by fostering a positive science identity among participants that is culturally consistent with the values and experiences of African American students. Design/methodology/approach This case study included demographic data, journals, a focus-group interview and program evaluation reports. Carlone and Johnson’s (2007) grounded model of science identity provided a culturally sensitive framework for examining science experiences of minority students. Findings In a program that emphasized the academic readiness of students pursing bachelor’s degrees in science and engineering programs, the salience of students’ science identity was intricately related to their commitment to STEM. Research limitations/implications Understanding the program’s cultural components was not a specific objective of the study, but emerged as an important feature of students’ experiences and commitment to degree completion. Practical implications The program could assist students’ development of a science identity through the deliberate inclusion of activities and experiences that are culturally congruent with the students’ racial/ethnic identity. Originality/value Little empirical research is available to assess bridge programs for African Americans pursuing STEM degrees. Analyzing students’ transition from high school to college, within the context of a summer bridge program, affords a better understanding of how students navigate the early social and academic aspects of college and how participation in bridge helps plug the leaky pipeline to careers in STEM.
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Song, Taiyu, Qinger Deng, and Guoping Li. "Collapse Mechanism and Full-Range Analysis of Overturning Failure of Continuous Girder Bridges." Advances in Materials Science and Engineering 2021 (May 25, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5547300.
Анотація:
In recent years, failings of girders due to overturning in continuous girder bridges have repeatedly occurred in China. To investigate the overturning collapse mechanism and also to evaluate the rationality of anti-overturning design method using beam element models that are commonly adopted in practical design, detailed 3D finite solid element models of a typical single-column pier three-span continuous box girder bridge were built and a full-range numerical analysis of the models was conducted. The solid models included the prestressing effect and diaphragms. Both boundary and geometric nonlinearities were taken into consideration. Bearings were modeled considering the actual construction and dimensions of pot rubber bearings, the material characteristics and boundary conditions of rubber pads, and the contact properties between each part of the bearings. The analysis results revealed that the behavior of the bridge approached the nonlinear state at the onset of first bearing disengagement; the rotation (overturning) mechanism of the girder was gradually transitioned from deformable-body rotation to rigid-body rotation; all the end and middle bearings had been disengaged totally or locally at ultimate overturning failure. The analysis results also showed that bearing disengagements would lead to the ineffectiveness of the constraint in the transverse direction, which significantly reduced the overturning ultimate load and structural ductility before the final collapse. Prior to the first bearing disengagement, the vertical reactions calculated from the beam model were in good agreement with those from the solid model, while the transverse reactions were not. The behaviors were inaccurate after bearing disengagement in the beam models in which the movement of the rotation axis and transition of rotation mechanism failed to be realized. Reliable transverse stoppers and tensile anchors at bearing sections were recommended to efficiently improve anti-overturning stability and ductility in practical design.
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BURCHAM, C. L., and D. A. SAVILLE. "The electrohydrodynamic stability of a liquid bridge: microgravity experiments on a bridge suspended in a dielectric gas." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 405 (February 25, 2000): 37–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022112099007193.
Анотація:
The electrohydrodynamic stability of a liquid bridge was studied in steady and oscillatory axial electric fields with a novel apparatus aboard a space shuttle. To avoid interphase transport, which complicates matters in terrestrial, matched-density systems, the experiments focused on a liquid column surrounded by a dielectric gas. The micro-gravity acceleration level aboard the spacecraft kept the Bond number small; so interface deformation by buoyancy was negligible. To provide microgravity results for comparison with terrestrial data, the behaviour of a castor oil bridge in a silicone oil matrix liquid was studied first. The results from these experiments are in excellent agreement with earlier work with isopycnic systems as regards transitions from a perfect cylinder to the amphora shape and the separation of an amphora into drops. In addition, the location of the amphora bulge was found to be correlated with the field direction, contrary to the leaky dielectric model but consistent with earlier results from terrestrial experiments. Next, the behaviour of a bridge surrounded by a dielectric gas, sulphur hexa fluoride (SF6), was investigated. In liquid–gas experiments, electrohydrodynamic ejection of liquids from ‘Taylor cones’ was used to deploy fluid and form bridges by remote control. Experiments with castor oil bridges in SF6 identified the conditions for two transitions: cylinder–amphora, and pinch-off. In addition, new behaviour was uncovered with liquid–gas interfaces. Contrary to expectations based on perfect dielectric behaviour, castor oil bridges in SF6 could not be stabilized in AC fields. On the other hand, a low-conductivity silicone oil bridge, which could not be stabilized by a DC field, was stable in an AC field.
10
Strauss, Alfred, Martina Šomodíková, David Lehký, Drahomír Novák, and Konrad Bergmeister. "NONLINEAR FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF CONTINUOUS WELDED RAIL–BRIDGE INTERACTION: MONITORING-BASED CALIBRATION." Journal of Civil Engineering and Management 24, no. 4 (July 11, 2018): 344–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/jcem.2018.3050.
Анотація:
Continuous welded rail is of high interest to operators of railway infrastructure facilities because of the reduced maintenance work and better train driving dynamics it offers. However, the application of continuous welded rail, in particular associated with its interaction with the superstructures of e.g. bridges, requires special caution with regard to the rail stresses in the transition area between the structure and the free field. These stresses are not only influenced by thermal deformations of the bridges but also by the clamp systems between the rails and e.g. the bridge. In general, these connectors are represented by spring elements during modelling, which: (a) causes singularities in the stress distributions in the rails, and (b) cannot capture all the mechanical system changes occurring due to loading, thermal effects, etc. The target of this paper is to present an alternative way of modelling the connection between rails and bridge superstructure based on composite materials which can overcome the disadvantages of the spring model. In particular, a nonlinear model of the whole system was developed for ballasted and non-ballasted track. Special attention was paid to the calibration of rail–bridge interaction and boundary conditions using measured data and code specifications. The aim of this study was to use the results of in-situ measurements to analyse the admissible stress in rails due to their interaction with a bridge caused by temperature loading.
Дисертації з теми "Bridge's Transition Model":
1
Kurtagic, Anessa. "Working With Agile Methodologies During The Covid-19 Pandemic : A qualitative study of an agile teams' transition to remote work from home as a result of the Covid-19 pandemic." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för informatik (IK), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-106923.
Анотація:
Remote work was already an ongoing trend amongst software developers, but the sudden and unexpected occurrence of the COVID-19 pandemic made it normal due to the obligations for many people to stay and work from home. To go from the safeness of the work office with an always-working Internet connection and colleagues around to exchange ideas with, to working from home can be a big change from one day to another. Without a good structure or adjustment from the organization, this would lead to a decrease in good work results, communication issues and difficulty for managers to keep track of what is done and by whom. To facilitate this, commonly used methods are the Agile Methodologies. Beck et al. (2001) make it significant in the 12 principles of Agile that the most efficient and effective method of conveying information is by face-to-face conversation for the best results. Investigating the work that was done face-to-face previous to the pandemic but is now done remotely from home within agile teams is therefore of much relevance today. This thesis was intended to investigate and learn how the use of agile methodologies has facilitated the sudden transition to remote work from home and affected the aspects of communication and work results within an agile development team. The study was conducted using the qualitative method with interviews consisting of seven open-response and two closed-response questions with respondents in agile teams from a software development company in Sweden. The analysis was made thematically in relation to Bridge’s Transition Model, and in relation to previous research. The study identified three themes to answer the research question based on the theoretical framework; The Change, Communication and Work Results. The results of the study show that the use of Agile Methodologies indeed has simplified the sudden transition to remote work from home, which was called The Change, as many of the agile practices already were done online previous to the pandemic. The study has also concluded that the use of Agile Methodologies has positively affected the aspects of communication and work results in an agile team, as it was found that forms of communication became more creative as they occurred more frequently while working from home, and it ultimately led to more valuable end-results.Distansarbete var redan en pågående trend bland mjukvaruutvecklare, men den plötsliga och oväntade förekomsten av COVID-19-pandemin gjorde det normalt på grund av restriktionerna för många människor att arbeta hemifrån. Att gå från arbetskontorets säkerhet med en alltid fungerande internetuppkoppling och kollegor runt om för att diskutera idéer med, till att arbeta hemifrån kan vara en stor förändring från en dag till en annan. Utan en bra struktur eller anpassning från organisationen skulle detta leda till en minskning av goda arbetsresultat, dålig kommunikation och svårigheter för chefer att hålla reda på vad som görs och av vem. Vanliga metoder att använda för att underlätta detta är de agila metoderna. Beck et al. (2001) gör det tydligt i de 12 principerna för Agile att den mest effektiva metoden för att förmedla information i ett projekt är genom konversationer face to face, för bästa resultat. Att undersöka det arbete som innan pandemin gjordes face to face men nu görs på distans hemifrån inom agila team är därför av stor relevans idag. Denna studie var avsedd att undersöka och få kunskap om hur användningen av agila metoder har underlättat den plötsliga övergången till distansarbete hemifrån och påverkat aspekterna av kommunikation och arbetsresultat inom ett agilt utvecklingsteam. Studien genomfördes med hjälp av den kvalitativa metoden med intervjuer bestående av sju öppna frågor och två slutna svarfrågor med respondenter i agila team från ett mjukvaruutvecklingsföretag i Sverige. Analysen gjordes tematiskt i förhållande till Bridge’s Transition Model och i förhållande till tidigare forskning. Studien identifierade tre teman för att besvara forskningsfrågan utifrån det teoretiska ramverket; The Change, Communication och Work Results. Resultaten av studien visar att användningen av agila metoder har förenklat den plötsliga övergången till distansarbete hemifrån, eftersom många av de agila aktiviteterna redan gjordes online före pandemin. Studien har också dragit slutsatsen att användningen av agila metoder har påverkat aspekterna kommunikation och arbetsresultat positivt i ett agilt team, eftersom det visade sig att kommunikationsformer blev mer kreativa eftersom kommunikationen blev mer frekvent inträffande när de arbetade hemifrån, och det ledde slutligen till mer värdefulla slutresultat i projekt.
2
Rashid, Shahbaz. "Parametric study of bridge response to high speed trains, ballasted track on concrete bridges." Thesis, KTH, Bro- och stålbyggnad, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-99385.
Анотація:
When a train enters a bridge, passenger sitting inside will feel a sudden bump in the track, which not only affect the riding comfort of the passengers but also put a dynamic impact on the bridge structure. Due to this impact force, we have very serious maintenance problems in the track close to the bridge structure. This sudden bump is produced when train travelling on the track suddenly hit by a very stiff medium like bridge structure. In order to reduce this effect, transition zones are introduced before the bridge so that the change in stiffness will occur gradually without producing any bump. This master thesis examine the effect of track stiffness on the bridge dynamic response under different train speeds from 150 to 350 km/h with interval 5 km/h and also estimate the minimum length of transition zones require to reduce the effect of change in stiffness on the bridge. Study also gives us some guidelines about the choice of loading model of the train, location of maximum vertical acceleration, effect of ballast model on the results and minimum length of transition zone needs to include in the bridge-track FE-model, for dynamic analysis of the concrete bridges. To carry out this research MATLAB is used to produce an input file for the ABAQUS FEM program. ABAQUS will first read this file, model the bridge and then analysis the bridge. MATLAB will again read the result file, process the result data and plot the necessary graphs. The Swedish X2000 train is used for this study, which has been modeled with two different methods: moving load model and sprung mass model, in order to see the difference in results. For verification of the MATLAB-ABAQUS model, a 42m long bridge is analysed and results are compared with known results. In this study, concrete simply supported bridges with spans of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 m have been analysed.
3
Rajalingola, Manvitha. "Analysis of Distresses in Asphalt Pavement Transitions on Bridge Approaches and Departures." Scholar Commons, 2017. https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/7437.
Анотація:
Some highway agencies in the United States are experiencing frequent distresses in asphalt pavements on bridge approaches/departures. Commonly observed distresses include alligator cracking and rutting, which reduce roadway smoothness and safety. To lessen the distresses in pavements it is needed to investigate the extent and root causes of the problem. Based on Florida highway conditions, this research study mainly focused on1. Literature review and identification of the extent of the problem; 2. Collection of relevant pavement condition data and descriptive analysis; 3. Development of statistical models to determine factors influencing the distresses in asphalt pavements on bridge approaches/departures. To the best of my knowledge, this is the first study that uses a statistical model to determine the factors that are responsible for causing asphalt pavement distresses on bridge approaches/departures.
As part of the literature review, a nationwide questionnaire survey was targeted towards U.S state DOTs. The data collection and analysis specific to the Florida highways found that in 2015 on Florida Interstate highways, about 27% bridges with asphalt pavements on their approaches/departures showed signs of cracking, and about 20% bridges have noticeable rutting in their approach or departure pavements.
A random parameter linear regression model was applied to examine the factors that may influence distresses in asphalt pavements in Florida. Pavement condition was evaluated based on the Florida Department of Transportation (FDOT) 2015 pavement condition data and video log images, and other relevant data were collected from various sources such as FDOT Roadway Characteristics Inventory (RCI) database, FDOT pavement management reports, and FDOT Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) survey reports. A constraint existed in the availability of the GPR data that can give pavement layer thickness, which limited the number of bridge approach pavement sections included in the statistical modeling. Based on the limited data, the estimated results from the random parameter linear regression model showed that the variables influencing distresses in asphalt pavements on bridge approaches/departures, in terms of rutting and roughness, may include pavement age, annual average daily truck traffic, and surface friction course.
4
Swaminathan, B. "Resonant Transition Topologies For Push-Pull And Half-Bridge DC-DC Converters." Thesis, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/2005/317.
Анотація:
Switched mode power supplies (SMPS) are being extensively used in most power conversion processes. The analysis, design and modeling processes of hard-switched converters are mature, where the switching frequency was limited to a few 10's of kHz. The present direction of evolution m SMPS is towards higher efficiency and higher power density. These twin objectives demand high switching frequency and low overall losses. Soft switching results in practically zero switching losses and extends the switching frequency to 100's of kHz and beyond.
This thesis presents novel variants of push-pull and half-bridge DC-DC converters with soft switching properties. The proposed topology uses two additional switches and two diodes. The additional switches introduce freewheeling intervals m the circuit and enable loss-less switching. Switch stress, control and small signal model are similar to hard-switched PWM converter. Synchronous rectifiers are used in the ZVS push-pull converter to achieve high efficiency. It is interesting to see that the drives for the synchronous rectifier device are practically the same as the additional switches.
The contributions made in this thesis are
1) Idealized analysis and design methodology for the proposed converters.
2) Validation of the design through circuit simulation as well as prototypes - a 300kHz,
200W push-pull converter and a 300kHz, 640W half-bridge converter.
3) Closed loop control design for desired bandwidth and accuracy Verification of loop
gain through network analyzer instrumental for the same The loop gain bandwidth
achieved is about 30kHz for the push-pull converter and 20kHz for half-bridge
converter.
An appendix has been devoted to explain the use of network analyzer. Characterization of coil, transformer and capacitor are explained in detail. Measurement techniques for measuring the small signal parameters of power supply are also explained in the appendix.
Книги з теми "Bridge's Transition Model":
1
Hawkins, D. L. Inference about the transition-point in NBUE-NWUE or NWUE-NBUE models. Arlington, Tex: Dept. of Mathematics, University of Texas at Arlington, 1990.
2
Miller-Davenport, Sarah. Gateway State. Princeton University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.23943/princeton/9780691181233.001.0001.
Анотація:
This book explores the development of Hawaiʻi as a model for liberal multiculturalism and a tool of American global power in the era of decolonization. The establishment of Hawaiʻi statehood in 1959 was a watershed moment, not only in the ways Americans defined their nation's role on the international stage but also in the ways they understood the problems of social difference at home. Hawaiʻi's remarkable transition from territory to state heralded the emergence of postwar multiculturalism, which was a response both to independence movements abroad and to the limits of civil rights in the United States. Once a racially problematic overseas colony, by the 1960s, Hawaiʻi had come to symbolize John F. Kennedy's New Frontier. This was a more inclusive idea of who counted as American at home and what areas of the world were considered to be within the U.S. sphere of influence. Statehood advocates argued that Hawaiʻi and its majority Asian population could serve as a bridge to Cold War Asia—and as a global showcase of American democracy and racial harmony. In the aftermath of statehood, business leaders and policymakers worked to institutionalize and sell this ideal by capitalizing on Hawaiʻi's diversity. Asian Americans in Hawaiʻi never lost a perceived connection to Asia. Instead, their ethnic difference became a marketable resource to help other Americans navigate a decolonizing world. As excitement over statehood dimmed, the utopian vision of Hawaiʻi fell apart, revealing how racial inequality and U.S. imperialism continued to shape the fiftieth state—and igniting a backlash against the islands' white-dominated institutions.
Частини книг з теми "Bridge's Transition Model":
1
Bishop, A. R., J. Tinka Gammel, E. Y. Loh, S. R. Phillpot, and S. M. Weber-Milbrodt. "A Two Band Model for Halogen-Bridged Transition Metal Linear Chain Complexes." In Interacting Electrons in Reduced Dimensions, 267–72. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0565-1_29.
2
Wee, Leonard, Sander M. J. van Kuijk, Frank J. W. M. Dankers, Alberto Traverso, Mattea Welch, and Andre Dekker. "Reporting Standards and Critical Appraisal of Prediction Models." In Fundamentals of Clinical Data Science, 135–50. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-99713-1_10.
Анотація:
AbstractPrediction models have the potential to positively influence clinical decision-making and thus the overall quality of healthcare. The translational gap needs to be bridged between development of complex statistical models requiring multiple predictors and widespread usage in clinical consultation. A recent review found that inadequate quality of reporting of prediction modelling studies could be a contributing factor in slow transition to the clinic. This chapter emphasises the importance of high-quality reporting of modelling studies and the need for critical appraisal to understand the potential issues limiting generalizability of published models. Evidence synthesis (such as systematic reviews and pooled analysis of disparate models) are relatively under-represented in literature, though methodological studies and guidelines are now starting to appear.
3
Guo, Zhiqiang, and Deshang Sha. "Modulation Scheme of Dual Active Bridge Converter for Seamless Transitions in Multi-working Modes Compromising ZVS and Conduction Loss." In New Topologies and Modulation Schemes for Soft-Switching Isolated DC–DC Converters, 193–213. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9934-4_9.
4
Humphreys, Paul. "Probability Theory and Its Models." In Philosophical Papers, 168–81. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199334872.003.0014.
Анотація:
This paper argues for the status of formal probability theory as a mathematical, rather than a scientific, theory. Some remarks are made about the historical transition from Hilbert’s view of probability as a scientific theory to Kolmogorov’s view of probability as a mathematical theory. A process is provided that bridges abstract probability theory with concrete systems via mathematical models. This demonstrates that empirical content is injected into formal models via the mapping from those formal models on to elements of the concrete systems. David Freedman and Philip Stark’s concept of model-based probabilities is examined and is used as a bridge between the formal theory and applications.
5
Lethanh, Nam, Jürgen Hackl, and Bryan T. Adey. "Estimating Markov transition probabilities for reinforced concrete bridges based on mechanistic-empirical corrosion models." In Maintenance, Monitoring, Safety, Risk and Resilience of Bridges and Bridge Networks, 483. CRC Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781315207681-296.
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Gonzalez, Hector, Jiawei Han, Hong Cheng, and Tianyi Wu. "Warehousing RFID and Location-Based Sensor Data." In Intelligent Techniques for Warehousing and Mining Sensor Network Data, 50–71. IGI Global, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-60566-328-9.ch003.
Анотація:
Massive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) datasets are expected to become commonplace in supply-chain management systems. Warehousing and mining this data is an essential problem with great potential benefits for inventory management, object tracking, and product procurement processes. Since RFID tags can be used to identify each individual item, enormous amounts of location-tracking data are generated. Furthermore, RFID tags can record sensor information such as temperature or humidity. With such data, object movements can be modeled by movement graphs, where nodes correspond to locations, and edges record the history of item transitions between locations and sensor readings recorded during the transition. This chapter shows the benefits of the movement graph model in terms of compact representation, complete recording of spatio-temporal and item level information, and its role in facilitating multidimensional analysis. Compression power and efficiency in query processing are gained by organizing the model around the concept of gateway nodes, which serve as bridges connecting different regions of graph, and provide a natural partition of item trajectories. Multi-dimensional analysis is provided by a graph-based object movement data cube that is constructed by merging and collapsing nodes and edges according to an application-oriented topological structure.
7
Kanai, Akihito. "Cognitive Transition and Cutting Techniques for Narrative Film Rhetoric Simulation." In Bridging the Gap Between AI, Cognitive Science, and Narratology With Narrative Generation, 1–16. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-4864-6.ch001.
Анотація:
This chapter surveys, discusses, and explores the entire concept of visual narrative structure, cognition, and generation from continuity-based to discontinuity-based perspectives. The model of visual narrative structure, including presentation and meaning, is expanded to explain the cognitive transition based on the rhetorical transition techniques and the rhetorical cutting techniques. The classification of the visual narrative structure, including rhetorical transition techniques and rhetorical cutting techniques, is useful for narrative simulation for discussing and exploring the entire visual narrative concept and generation. The rhetorical cutting techniques and the rhetorical transition techniques can reveal various cognitive effects such as reality effects and nostalgia effects, including difficulty. The determinacy-based narrative, the indeterminacy, the diversity, and the ambiguity on narrative can bridge the gaps between cognitive science, artificial intelligence, and narratology.
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Hsiung, Pao-Ann, Yen-Hung Lin, and Yean-Ru Chen. "Safecharts Model Checking for the Verfication of Safety-Critical Systems." In Verification, Validation and Testing in Software Engineering, 427–66. IGI Global, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59140-851-2.ch014.
Анотація:
Unintentional design faults in safety-critical systems might result in injury or even death to human beings. However, the safety verification of such systems is getting very difficult because designs are becoming very complex. To cope with high design complexity, model-driven architecture (MDA) design is becoming a well-accepted trend. However, conventional methods of code testing and hazard analysis do not fit very well with MDA. To bridge this gap, we propose a safecharts model-based formal verification technique for safety-critical systems. The safety constraints in safecharts are mapped to semantic equivalents in timed automata. The theory for safety verification is proved and implemented in the SGM model checker. Prioritized and urgent transitions are implemented in SGM to model the safe chart risk semantics. Finally, it is shown that priority-based approach to mutual exclusion of resource usage in safecharts is unsafe and solutions are proposed. Application examples show the benefits of the proposed model-driven verification method.
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Cox, Michaelene. "A Framework for Reimagining Order and Justice: Transitions in Violence and Interventions in a Global Era." In Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention in the 21st Century, 117–44. Edinburgh University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/edinburgh/9781474423816.003.0006.
Анотація:
In considering the conception of interventions since the beginning of the 21st century, Chapter Five: Transitions in Violence and Interventions in a Global Era by Michaelene Cox, contrasts the interpretation and redefinition of sovereignty and intervention by Kofi Annan and Ban Ki Moon. Whereas Annan had found opportunity to interject a strong sense of moral authority into the ground-breaking R2P project, Ban instead drew upon mediation and bridge-building skills to shift the spotlight to its actual implementation. In viewing the perspectives of Annan and Ban, Cox argues that there clearly has been evolution in our understanding of state dominion even where it remains ambiguous. In this regard, the chapter is particularly interested in evaluating developments beyond the state-centric model in face of contemporary challenges to order and justice. Cox presents a brief view of systemic shifts precipitating the current era, and then considers transitions in violence and intervention. The chapter concludes with an emphasis on the need for political adaptability during periods of flux, and remind us that whilst considering international, state and societal interests, the welfare and the participation of the human being is indispensable.
Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Bridge's Transition Model":
1
Davis, David D., and Steven M. Chrismer. "Track Differential Settlement Model." In ASME/IEEE 2007 Joint Rail Conference and Internal Combustion Engine Division Spring Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc/ice2007-40072.
Анотація:
A study of track settlement behavior at critical transitions such as road crossings and bridge approaches has yielded a model to predict the amount of differential track settlement at these transitions caused by ballast and subgrade deformation. This AAR ballast and subgrade deformation model has been developed from field and laboratory test data, and has been validated with field settlement measurements at bridge approaches where the ballast and subgrade properties were well documented. As an analytical tool the model can determine the rate of track differential settlement at transitions with traffic loading and to predict when tamping is required to correct track geometry. Also the model can determine the relative amount of deformation from the individual ballast and subgrade layers. These capabilities provide a means to assess whether the main source of deformation is the subgrade or the ballast and the best means to reduce differential settlement and decrease the frequency of tamping at these track transitions.
2
Tang, Yufeng, Bruno Briseghella, Junqing Xue, Peiquan Zhang, Fuyun Huang, and Baochun Chen. "Research on Friction between Grade Flat Approach Slab and Sliding Material in Jointless Bridges." In IABSE Congress, New York, New York 2019: The Evolving Metropolis. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/newyork.2019.0958.
Анотація:
<p>The application of jointless bridges has been increasing year by year, because it could reduce the life‐cycle cost and improve the riding comfort. The approach slab in jointless bridges does not only have the function of road transition which is the same as the approach slab in bridges with expansion joints, but also transfer and absorb the deformation produced by the thermal expansion and contraction of the girder. The Grade Flat Approach Slab (GFAS) horizontally placed on the subgrade is one of the most common types of the approach slab in jointless bridges. The material placed between GFAS and subgrade should be able to properly slide to reduce the stress in GFAS. The friction coefficient between GFAS and sliding material is an important parameter affecting the mechanical behavior of GFAS in jointless bridges. In this paper, the tests of GFAS with different sliding materials subjected to horizontal displacement were conducted to obtain the corresponding friction coefficients (from 0.34 to 0.68). The mathematical model of bilinear spring could be adapted to simulate the friction function between GFAS and different sliding materials. One Deck‐Extension Bridge (DEB) that is one type of jointless bridges was chosen as a case study. The finite element model was implemented by using Midas‐Civil software. The influence of GFAS with different sliding materials on the mechanical properties of DEB under temperature variation was investigated. It can be concluded that the influence of the friction coefficient between GFAS and sliding material on the bending moment of DEB should be taken into account.</p>
3
Wilk, Stephen T., and Timothy D. Stark. "Modeling Progressive Settlement of a Railway Bridge Transition." In 2016 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2016-5715.
Анотація:
This paper illustrates the impact of progressive settlement on a railway bridge transition using a three-dimensional dynamic numerical model that includes the train truck, rails, ties, ballast, subgrade, and bridge abutment and structure. A settlement law that relates tie load to ballast settlement is presented and demonstrated using an iterative fashion to evaluate bridge transition response to 28 MGT. The results illustrate: (1) development of the commonly observed dip about 2.5 to 3.7 m (8 to 12 feet) from the entrance bridge abutment, (2) tie-ballast gaps progressively increase in height and expand to ties outwards from the bridge abutment, (3) a redistribution of load to ties outwards from the bridge abutment as tie-ballast gaps develop and increase, and (4) a ballast surface profile that attempts to minimize tie loads by evenly distributing the wheel load amongst adjacent ties.
4
Costley, R. Daniel, Henry Diaz-Alvarez, and Mihan H. McKenna. "Vibrational and Acoustical Analysis of Trussed Railroad Bridge Under Moving Loads." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-1490.
Анотація:
A Finite Element model has been developed for a Pratt truss railroad bridge located at Ft. Leonard Wood, MO. This model was used to investigate the vibration responses of a bridge under vehicle loading. Modeling results have been obtained for a single axle with two wheels traversing the bridge at different speeds. The current model does not include the effects of vehicle suspension. Superposition of multiple axles has been used to represent a locomotive transiting the bridge. The output of the vibration response was used as an input to an acoustic FE model to determine which vibrational modes radiate infrasound. The vibration and acoustic models of the railroad bridge will be reviewed, and results from the analysis will be presented. Measurements from an accelerometer mounted on the bridge agree reasonably well with model results. Infrasound could potentially be used to remotely provide information on the capacity and number of the vehicles traversing the bridge and to monitor the bridge for significant structural damage.
5
Atahan, Ali O., Guido Bonin, and Moustafa El-Gindy. "Evaluation of Vertical Wall-To-Guardrail Transition." In ASME 2008 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2008-49088.
Анотація:
Transition barriers are used to connect longitudinal barriers that have different stiffnesses. They are designed to provide a gradual increase in stiffness towards the stiffer barrier section. In this study, a W-beam rail and a W-beam rubrail transition connecting a rigid bridge rail to a semi-rigid guardrail was evaluated using numerical and experimental methods. First, a finite element model of the transition design was constructed and validated using a 2000 kg pickup truck impact. Then, a series of vehicle models, i.e., 900 kg compact automobile, 8000 kg single unit truck and finally 30,000 kg heavy truck was used to evaluate the impact performance of the same transition design numerically. Simulation results predict that the double W-beam transition barrier performs acceptably in containing and redirecting all vehicles except 30,000 kg heavy truck. Occupant injury criteria were also found to be acceptable for all the cases, except 30,000 kg truck impact. Performing further simulations with vehicle sizes heavier than 8,000 kg that exist in crash testing guidelines is recommended to evaluate the acceptability limit of existing W-beam rail and a W-beam rubrail transition.
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Munday, Lynn, Norman Keller, Abhijit Dasgupta, and Bong-Tae Han. "Analytical Model for Thermal Warpage History of Laminated PBGAs." In ASME 2008 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2008-67345.
Анотація:
Thermally induced warpage can lead to deformed or bridged solder joints during reflow of large laminate-based area-array components like high I/O PBGAs. This study presents a simple, rapid-assessment modeling capability to assess the warpage risk of such components, based on their architecture information. A piece-wise, classical laminated plate model is used in this study for estimation of the thermally induced warpage. This model uses temperature-dependent elastic properties to account for the large change in material behavior as the reflow temperature exceeds the glass-transition temperatures of the various polymers (substrate, die attach and epoxy molding compound). The laminated plate modeling strategy provides the capability to handle complex component architectures and temperature gradients in the thickness direction. The piecewise modeling strategy allows the model to account for the changes in the stack-up as we move from under the die footprint to the region outside the footprint. Several test cases are examined during the model development. Results are compared to detailed finite element models, as well as to other analytical methods like finite-length plate models. The model is found to be very sensitive to the thermo-mechanical properties of common epoxy molding compounds (EMCs) above their glass transition temperature. Since the model approximates a complex viscoplastic problem with an equivalent temperature-dependent elastic formulation, part of the focus is on developing equivalent temperature-dependent material properties to calibrate the model. The goal in this approximation is to find a suitably smooth transition between the material properties below and above Tg, based on the discrete properties typically found in data sheets. The trends predicted by this simplified model are also found to agree well with shadow moire measurements of warpage in actual components during large temperature excursions.
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Wang, H., V. L. Markine, I. Y. Shevtsov, and R. Dollevoet. "Analysis of the Dynamic Behaviour of a Railway Track in Transition Zones With Differential Settlement." In 2015 Joint Rail Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2015-5735.
Анотація:
Transition zones in railway tracks are locations with considerable changes in the vertical stiffness of the rail support. Typically they are located near engineering structures, such as bridges, culverts and tunnels. In such locations, the vertical stiffness of the track support varies, resulting in amplification of the dynamic forces acting on the track, which ultimately leads to deterioration of the vertical track geometry. Also, differential settlement of the track sub-structure on both sides of the transition contributes to the deterioration of the vertical geometry. The deterioration process accelerates with increase of the operational velocities of the passing trains. Finally, all these result in increase of the maintenance efforts on correction of the track geometry in the transition zones. To analyze the dynamic behavior of transition zones due to the differential settlement, a finite element dynamic model (using explicit integration) of a track transition zone is developed. The model is also accounting for the effect of hanging sleepers. The model is verified against the measurement results performed using the Video Gauge System (VGS). With the developed model, the differential settlement of ballast and soil has been introduced and the effects of this settlement on performance of the track are analyzed. The resulting wheel forces and the dynamic responses of the track components are obtained and analyzed. Special attention has been paid on the stresses of ballast, which is one of the most vulnerable track components in the transition zones. Finally, conclusions on the effect of the various internal and external factors on the degradation process of the track in transition zones are drawn. With the developed model, the differential settlement of ballast and soil is induced and hence, the effects of the differential settlements can be analysed. The contact forces of wheel-rail interaction and the dynamic response of track components are obtained and analysed. Special attention has been paid on the stresses of ballast which are one of the most vulnerable components in the track transition zones. Finally, conclusions on the effect of the various internal and external factors on the degradation process of the track in transition zones are drawn.
8
Sylvestre, Julien, Maud Samson, Éric Duchesne, and Dominique Langlois-Demers. "Large-Scale Model of Flip-Chip Joining Defects." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-36744.
Анотація:
A numerical model is developed for the flip chip reflow process, including many significant aspects of the joining dynamics: thermal expansion of the device and substrate; temperature-dependent substrate warpage; random variations of the solder volume with position; and global device position above the substrate. A detailed micro-model of each interconnect captures the transition from two contacting solder bumps to a single continuous solder interconnect, using a random wetting delay parameterized by the surface energy of the bumps relative to an energy scale. The model is shown to correctly fit measurements of the device position during the reflow process, and is used to study the occurrence of non-wet and bridge defects. The effects of spatial variations in the solder volume distribution on these defects is studied in details for an actual device with 12 504 interconnections, using an effective data reduction technique.
9
Chen, R., P. Wang, and X. P. Chen. "Influencing Factors of Dynamic Performance of Jointless Turnout on Bridge in High-Speed Railway." In 2010 Joint Rail Conference. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/jrc2010-36114.
Анотація:
Taking the case of 18# turnout (350km/h) laid on 6×32m continuous girder, a dynamic model for coupling system of vehicle and jointless turnout on bridge was established to analyze the factors that affected dynamic performance of jointless turnout on bridge, and several aspects were taken into consideration, i.e. train’s running quality, rail stress of turnout, vibration of turnout and bridge, and deformation, etc. It is shown that influenced by vibration and deformation of bridge, the train, turnout and bridge form a coupling vibration system, whose dynamic responses are stronger than those caused by train/turnout interaction on subgrade. Wheel/rail contact of turnout zone (especially the frog) has great effect on dynamic responses of jointless turnout on bridge, thus the nose rail height of frog should be optimized to mitigate the wheel load transition and its longitudinal gradient. When a train is passing a jointless turnout on bridge, a reasonable vertical stiffness for bridge is the key to keep its safety and comfort; as for the 32m continuous girder, the ratio of deflection to span should be ≤1/9000 under the ZK load (Chinese standard).
10
Lee, Nien-Lung, and Chia-Hsiang Menq. "Automatic Recognition of Geometric Forms From B-Rep Models." In ASME 1995 15th International Computers in Engineering Conference and the ASME 1995 9th Annual Engineering Database Symposium collocated with the ASME 1995 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/cie1995-0808.
Анотація:
Abstract The purpose of this paper is to develop a neutral basis that bridges the gap between the geometric data of a design work and the higher-level geometric abstraction that supports complex reasoning incurred in feature-based systems. In order to accomplish this goal, a new approach is proposed to characterize surface differential geometry and object topology so as to develop a neutral basis that can be applied to different types of geometric data and the resulting higher-level geometric abstraction can support various life-cycle design activities. In this approach, two attributes are proposed to characterize the geometric entities including surfaces, edges, and vertices by applying the Gauss-Bonnet theorem and the concept of homeomorphisms. By associating the entities with the proposed attributes and applying the adjacent relationship information among geometric entities, three basic feature categories including positive features, negative features, and transition features are first identified. The proposed approach is not limited to prismatic parts. Part models consisting of fillets, rounds, cylindrical surfaces, spherical surfaces, torus, and sculpture surfaces can all be recognized. Several issues in feature interactions are addressed and examples are given to demonstrate the proposed approach.
Звіти організацій з теми "Bridge's Transition Model":
1
Fu, Gongkang. Evaluation of Illinois Bridge Deterioration Models. Illinois Center for Transportation, September 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/21-029.
Анотація:
The National Bridge Inventory bridge inspection system ranks the condition of bridge components on a scale of zero to nine. The resulting condition ratings represent an important element considered in deciding measures for bridge maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation. Thus, forecasting future condition ratings well is critical to reliable planning for these activities and estimating the costs. The Illinois Department of Transportation currently has deterministic models for this purpose. This study’s objective is to review the current models using condition rating histories gathered from 1980 to 2020 in Illinois for the following bridge components: deck, superstructure, substructure, culvert, and deck beam. The results show the current Illinois Department of Transportation models are inadequate in forecasting condition ratings, producing overestimates of the transition times between two condition rating levels for these components / systems, except for the deck beam, which is underestimated. It is recommended that the mean transition times found in this study from condition rating histories are used to replace the current models as a short-term solution. Further research is recommended to develop probabilistic models as a long-term solution to address observed significant variation or uncertainty in condition rating and transition times between condition rating levels.