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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "BTXs"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "BTXs"

Arnich, Nathalie, Eric Abadie, Zouher Amzil, Marie-Yasmine Dechraoui Bottein, Katia Comte, Estelle Chaix, Nicolas Delcourt, et al. "Guidance Level for Brevetoxins in French Shellfish." Marine Drugs 19, no. 9 (September 15, 2021): 520. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/md19090520.

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Brevetoxins (BTXs) are marine biotoxins responsible for neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) after ingestion of contaminated shellfish. NSP is characterized by neurological, gastrointestinal and/or cardiovascular symptoms. The main known producer of BTXs is the dinoflagellate Karenia brevis, but other microalgae are also suspected to synthesize BTX-like compounds. BTXs are currently not regulated in France and in Europe. In November 2018, they have been detected for the first time in France in mussels from a lagoon in the Corsica Island (Mediterranean Sea), as part of the network for monitoring the emergence of marine biotoxins in shellfish. To prevent health risks associated with the consumption of shellfish contaminated with BTXs in France, a working group was set up by the French Agency for Food, Environmental and Occupational Health & Safety (Anses). One of the aims of this working group was to propose a guidance level for the presence of BTXs in shellfish. Toxicological data were too limited to derive an acute oral reference dose (ARfD). Based on human case reports, we identified two lowest-observed-adverse-effect levels (LOAELs). A guidance level of 180 µg BTX-3 eq./kg shellfish meat is proposed, considering a protective default portion size of 400 g shellfish meat.

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Murata, Kazuya, and Takeshi Yasumoto. "Chemiluminescent Receptor Binding Assay for Ciguatoxins and Brevetoxins Using Acridinium Brevetoxin-B2." Toxins 11, no. 10 (October 9, 2019): 580. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/toxins11100580.

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Ciguatera is the term for poisoning resulting from eating fish from tropical or subtropical regions. The causative toxins collectively named ciguatoxins (CTXs) widely differ in structures depending on their geographic origins, which range from the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean to the Caribbean Sea. Neurotoxic shellfish poisoning (NSP) is caused by the ingestion of bivalve shellfish contaminated with brevetoxins (BTXs). Structurally, both CTXs and BTXs consist of fused ether rings aligned in a ladder shape. Pharmacologically, they bind at the same site (site-5) of voltage-gated sodium channels. However, the great structural diversity and the rare availability of reference toxins hinder LC-MS and ELISA methods, which operate on structure-based recognition. In this study, we prepared a chemiluminescent ligand, acridinium BTXB2 (ABTX), and tested its suitability for use in competitive binding assays to detect CTXs and BTXs. The affinity of ABTX to the rat brain synaptosome estimated by Ki (1.66 pM) was approximately two-fold higher than that of PbTx-3 (BTX3). In addition, the equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) was 0.84 nM, the maximum number of binding was 6.76 pmol toxin/mg protein, and the detection limit was 1.4 amol. The assays performed on samples spiked with CTX3C or BTXB4 (N-palmitoylBTXB2) at 0.2–1.0 ng CTX/g fish flesh, and 200–800 ng BTXB4/g shellfish showed a linear relationship between the theoretical and observed toxin amounts.

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Tiburtius, Elaine Regina Lopes, Patricio Peralta-Zamora, Alexandre Emmel, and Elenise Sauer Leal. "Degradação de BTXs via processos oxidativos avançados." Química Nova 28, no. 1 (February 2005): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-40422005000100013.

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Rostami, R., and A. Jonidi Jafari. "BTXs Removal with Transition Metals Coated Beds, Considering the Plausible Reaction Mechanisms." Journal of Environmental Science and Technology 8, no. 4 (June 15, 2015): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jest.2015.149.161.

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Nizamidin, Patima, Abliz Yimit, Ismayil Nurulla, and Kiminori Itoh. "Optical Waveguide BTX Gas Sensor Based on Yttrium-Doped Lithium Iron Phosphate Thin Film." ISRN Spectroscopy 2012 (October 18, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/606317.

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Yttrium-doped LiFePO4 powder was synthesized using the hydrothermal method in one step and was used as a sensing material. An optical waveguide (OWG) sensor based on Yttrium-doped LiFePO4 has been developed by spin coating a thin film of LiFe0.99Y0.01PO4 onto a single-mode Tin-diffused glass optical waveguide. Light was coupled into and out of glass OWG employed by a pair of prisms. The guided wave transmits in waveguide layer and passes through the film as an evanescent wave. The sensing film is stable in air, but when exposed to target gas at room temperature, its optical properties such as transmittance (T) and refractive index (nf) were changed; thus, the transmitted light intensity was changed. The LiFe0.99Y0.01PO4 thin film OWG exhibits reversible response to xylene gas in the range of 0.1–1000 ppm. When the concentration of BTX gases was lower than 1ppm, other substances caused a little interference with the detection of xylene vapor. Compared to pure LiFePO4 thin film OWG, this sensor exhibited higher sensitivity to BTXs.

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Tiburtius, Elaine Regina Lopes, Patricio Peralta-Zamora, and Elenise Sauer Leal. "Contaminação de águas por BTXs e processos utilizados na remediação de sítios contaminados." Química Nova 27, no. 3 (June 2004): 441–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-40422004000300014.

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Karnjanakom, Surachai, Akihiro Yoshida, Wahyu Bambang Widayatno, Asep Bayu, Irwan Kurnia, Xiaogang Hao, Panya Maneechakr, Abuliti Abudula та Guoqing Guan. "Selective deoxygenation of carboxylic acids to BTXs over Cu/β-zeolite prepared by ethylene glycol-assisted impregnation". Catalysis Communications 110 (травень 2018): 33–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.catcom.2018.03.002.

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Chung, Chan Yeup, Ritsuko Yaokawa, Hiroshi Mizuseki, and Yoshiyuki Kawazoe. "Tantalum Vacancy Effects on Electrical Conductivity of La₃Ta₀_.₅Ga_5.₅O₁₄ and Ba-Based P321 Crystals." Key Engineering Materials 508 (March 2012): 325–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.508.325.

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Single Crystalline Langatate (La3Ta0.5Ga5.5O14, LTG) Has Been Widely Used in Piezoelectric Sensors for High Temperature Applications because of its Structural Stability at High Temperature. however, in the Recent Experiment, an Increase of Electrical Conductivity Has Been Also Observed at the Intermediate Temperature Region Ranges from 300 to 700°C. Also, in Theoretical Calculations, Penta-Valent Ta Vacancy Can Be Easily Generated and Influence Resistivity Degradation of the Crystal. In this Study, to Elucidate the Ta Vacancy Effects on Electrical Conductivity of LTG and Recently Proposed Ba-Based P321 Crystal such as BTGS and BTAS, Electrical Conductivity of those Materials Were Calculated and Compared by Utilizing Boltzmann Transport Theory. The Calculated GW Band Gaps of Perfect BTGS and BTAS (5.94 Ev and 6.69 Ev, Respectivily) Were much Larger than that of LTG (5.36 Ev). Also, at Intermediate Temperature (1000K), the Calculated Electrical Conductivity of LTG with V'''''Ta (in Kröger-Vink Notation [13]) Was around Twelve Times Higher than the Conductivity of BTGS and BTAS with Ta Vacancy.

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Sultan, Qasim, Yeong-Jun Kim, Mohammed-Saquib Khan, and Yong-Soo Cho. "Fast Beam Training Technique for Millimeter-Wave Cellular Systems with an Intelligent Reflective Surface." Sensors 21, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 4936. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21144936.

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The concept of an intelligent reflecting surface (IRS) has recently emerged as a promising solution for improving the coverage and energy/spectral efficiency of future wireless communication systems. However, as the number of reflecting elements in an IRS increase, the beam training protocol in IRS-assisted millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular systems requires a large beam training time because it needs to find the best beam pairs for the link between the base station (BS) and the IRS, as well as the link between the IRS and the mobile station (MS). In this paper, a fast beam training technique for IRS-assisted mmWave cellular systems with a uniform rectangular array is proposed for detecting the best beam pairs of BS-IRS and IRS-MS links simultaneously. Two different types of beam training signals (BTSs) are proposed to distinguish simultaneously transmitted beams from the BSs in multi-cell multi-beam environments: the Zadoff–Chu sequence based BTS (ZC-BTS) and m-sequence based BTS (m-BTS). The correlation properties of ZC-BTSs and m-BTSs are analyzed in multi-cell multi-beam environments. In addition, the effect of symbol time offset on the ZC-BTS and m-BTS is analyzed. Finally, simulation results reveal that the proposed technique can significantly reduce the beam training time for IRS-assisted mmWave cellular systems.

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Brkic, A., A. Diamantopoulos, and G. Haugeberg. "OP0238 DRUG COST FOR BIOLOGIC AND TARGETED SYNTHETIC DMARDS FOR RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS PATIENTS IN NORWAY FROM 2010 TO 2019 - A COUNTRY WITH A NATIONAL TENDER SYSTEM FOR DRUG PRESCRIPTION." Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases 80, Suppl 1 (May 19, 2021): 145.2–146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-eular.2243.

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Background:Biologic and Target Synthetic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (BTSs) have caused a paradigm shift in the treatment of patients with inflammatory joint disorders, e.g., rheumatoid arthritis (RA), where remission is now attainable [1]. The high cost of BTSs has caused restrictions on use and prescription, contributing to inequality of care worldwide [2]. An annual tender system was introduced in 2008 in Norway to reduce the costs of these drugs [3].Objectives:Explore changes in drug costs for BTSs for RA patients treated at Norwegian rheumatology outpatient clinics between 2010 and 2019.Methods:The project BioRheuma (BIOlogic treatment of patients suffering from inflammatory RHEUMAtic disorders in Norway) aimed to monitor patients treated with BTSs while using a designed computer program. Anonymized data files from the ten participating centers were merged and analyzed (EXCEL and SPSS). For each year in the ten-year period, the annual total cost for BTSs and mean BTS cost for treatment of one patient was calculated for all current BTSs users, for all those who started BTSs, and for patients starting naïve to BTSs. The cost was calculated based on price offers given at the annual tender process for the different years.Results:The number of registered RA patients in the databases increased from 4909 in 2010 to 9335 in 2019. Simultaneously, the number of patients treated with BTSs increased from 1959 (39.9%) in 2010 to 4209 (45.1%) in 2019. The total treatment expenditure of these BTS treated patients was lowest in 2010 with 226 million Norwegian Kroner (NOK), highest in 2014 (350 million NOK) treating 3448 patients, and second-lowest in 2019 (255 million NOK).The number of BTSs used for each year (Figure 1) is shown for all current users, all who started new BTSs treatment, and those starting BTSs naïve to BTSs. The same figure also reports the average cost of treating one RA patient with BTSs in these three groups. For the current users of BTSs, when the number of treated patients during follow-up doubled, the mean cost to treat one patient with BTSs was reduced by approximately 50% (decreasing from 115497 NOK in 2010 to 60701 NOK in 2019). The number of patients starting on BTSs approximately doubled, while keeping a steady small increase for the naïve patients to BTSs (382 in 2010 to 405 in 2019). The average starting treatment cost decreased from 114549 NOK in 2010 to 37384 NOK in 2019, and from 114987 NOK in 2010 to 28249 NOK in 2019, for patients starting on BTSs and for patients naïve to BTSs, respectively.Figure 1.A ten-year overview of treating RA patient with BTSsConclusion:Our data shows that the average annual costs of treating a Norwegian RA patient on a current BTS, with a national tender system, were reduced by approximately 50% over the ten years 2010-19. For patients starting on a BTS, the average annual cost was reduced by approximately 75%. The consequence for the payers is that treatment can be offered at a lower price, and thus costly drugs may become more available for patients. We believe that mechanisms like the Norwegian tender system enforced upon the commercial pharmaceutical market improve competition and increase availability and use of costly drugs.References:[1]Smolen JS, et al. EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with synthetic and biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs: 2019 update. Ann Rheum Dis 2020;79;685-99.[2]Bergstra SA, et al. Inequity in access to bDMARD care and how it influences disease outcomes across countries worldwide: results from the METEOR-registry. Ann Rheum Dis 2018;77:1413–20.[3]Norwegian Hospital Procurement. (Jan 2021). Available from: https://sykehusinnkjop.no.Acknowledgements:To all members of the BioRheuma projectDisclosure of Interests:None declared

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "BTXs"

Moura, CÃcero Pessoa de. "Estudo de remoÃÃo do benzeno, tolueno, p-xileno e o-xileno dissolvidos em Ãgua por adsorÃÃo em organosÃlica periÃdica mesoporoso (PMO)." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2012. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8871.

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Este estudo avalia a organosÃlica com mesoporos periÃdicos (PMO), sintetizada pela co-condensaÃÃo de 1,4-bis(trietoxisilil)benzeno (BTEB) e feniltrietoxisilano (FTE), em fraÃÃes molares variÃveis, sob condiÃÃes Ãcidas, usando o copolÃmero tribloco PlurÃnic P123 como agente direcionante na presenÃa de sal inorgÃnico (KCl), na adsorÃÃo de compostos aromÃticos presentes em soluÃÃo aquosa sintÃtica. A composiÃÃo molar das sÃnteses seguiu a equaÃÃo de sÃntese xFTE:1,00-xBTEB:0,03P123:7,66KCl:1,28HCl:425,35H2O, onde x variou de 0,0, 0,2 e 0,4., designando os sÃlidos obtidos como PMO1,0; PMO0,8; e PMO0,6, cujos Ãndices indicam a fraÃÃo do BTEB na composiÃÃo da mistura reacional. Estruturalmente, observou-se que a incorporaÃÃo do FTE ao processo gera PMOs com estabilidade tÃrmica reduzida, com menores valores de Ãrea superficial e de volumes de poros alÃm de menor carÃter hidrofÃlico. As medidas de difraÃÃo de raios X a baixo Ãngulo, a microscopia eletrÃnica de transmissÃo e a isoterma de adsorÃÃo e dessorÃÃo de nitrogÃnio revelaram que os produtos estÃo hexagonalmente ordenado, possuem poros cilÃndricos e de dimensÃes meso/macro complementares. Os testes para remoÃÃo dos compostos aromÃticos dissolvidos em Ãgua, o PMO1,0 e PMO0,6 exibiram eficientes capacidades de adsorÃÃo para benzeno, tolueno, p-xileno e o-xileno (BTXs). Nos ensaios de adsorÃÃo com PMO0,6, em batelada, as capacidades de remoÃÃo do benzeno (0,84 mg.g-1), tolueno (0,93 mg.g-1), p-xileno (1,00 mg.g-1) e o-xileno (0,86 mg.g-1) foram menores que as obtidas nos testes de adsorÃÃo em coluna: benzeno (1,15 mg.g-1), tolueno (1,26 mg.g-1), p-xileno (1,25 mg.g-1) e o-xileno (1,15 mg.g-1). O mecanismo cinÃtico de adsorÃÃo Ã, prioritariamente identificado como de pseud-segunda ordem e as isotermas podem ser representadas pelos modelos de Redlich-Peterson e Temkin.
This study evaluates the Periodic Mesopores Organosilicas (PMO) synthesized by co-condensation of 1,4-bis(trietoxysilil)benzene (BTEB) and feniltrietoxysilane (FTE) in different mole fractions, under acidic conditions using triblock copolymer Pluronic P123 as template and in the presence of inorganic salt (KCl), to adsorption of aromatic compounds in aqueous synthetic solution. The molar composition of the synthesis followed the synthesis equation: xFTE :29,58-xBTEB: 1.0 P123: 226.75 KCl: 38HCl: 12583H2O, where x ranged from 0 to 11.83, as designating the solids obtained as PMO1,0; PMO0,8; and PMO0,6, whose index indicates the fraction of BTEB in the composition of the mixture. Structurally, it was observed that incorporation of FTE to process generates PMOs with reduced thermal stability, with lower values of surface area and pore volume and lower hydrophilic character. The measures for small angle of X-ray diffraction, the transmission microscopy and the isotherm of nitrogen adsorption and desorption showed that the products are hexagonally ordered cylindrical pores and has dimensions of meso/macro complementary. The tests for removal of aromatic compounds dissolved in water, the PMO1,0 and PMO0,6 exhibited efficient adsorption capacity of benzene, toluene, p-xylene and o-Xylene (BTXs). In the adsorption experiments with PMO0,6, in batch study, the capacity of removing benzene (0,84 mg.g-1), toluene (0,93 mg.g-1), p-xilene (1,00 mg.g-1) e o-xilene (0,86 mg.g-1) were lower than those obtained in the tests adsorption column: benzene (1,15 mg.g-1), toluene (1,26 mg.g-1), p-xilene (1,25 mg.g-1) e o-xilene (1,15 mg.g-1). The kinetic mechanism of adsorption is primarily identified as pseud-second order and the isotherms can be represented by Redlich-Peterson and Temkin models.

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King, Myron Decker. "An efficient sequential BTRS implementation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/46603.

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Thesis (S.M.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2009.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 73-74).
This thesis describes the implementation of BTRS, a language based on guarded atomic actions (GAA). The input language to the compiler which forms the basis of this work is a hierarchical tree of modules containing state, interface methods, and rules which fire atomically to cause state transitions. Since a schedule need not be specified, the program description is inherently nondeterministic, though the BTRS language does allow the programmer to remove nondeterminism by specifying varying degrees of scheduling constraints. The compiler outputs a (sequential) single-threaded C implementation of the input description, choosing a static schedule which adheres to the input constraints. The resulting work is intended to be used as the starting point for research into efficient software synthesis from guarded atomic actions, and ultimately a hardware inspired programming methodology for writing parallel software. This compiler is currently being used to generate software for a heterogeneous system in which the software and hardware components are both specified in BTRS.
by Myron Decker King.
S.M.

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Fjordestam, Patrik, and Sebastian Hansen. "Control and monitoring of a BTES-system." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30207.

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During the summer excess energy is produced from solar heaters, this is not taken care of, and usually goes to waste. The base of the project is built on that you should take the excess energy during the warmest months of the summer and save the energy in boreholes in the ground, then during the colder months the energy can be used. The purpose of the project was to build a prototype for the control and monitoring of a system. With this project we want to present a solution to a prototype which can be used as a development platform for the client. Communication between the actuators, sensors and the controller is made via a CAN-bus. The temperature sensors uses a One-wire buss and its values are stored and can be shown on a website. The results show that the monitoring and control functions works. Theoretically, the prototype is designed to be expanded to a real application.
Under sommaren produceras överbliven energi från solvärmare, denna tas inte omhand utan går oftast till spillo. Projektets grund bygger på att ta den överblivna energin under de varmaste månaderna på sommaren och spara undan energin i borrhål i marken, för att sedan under kallare månader kunna använda detta. Syftet med projektet har varit att bygga en prototyp för styrning och övervakning av ett system. Med detta projekt vill vi visa en lösning på en prototyp som kan fungera som utvecklingsplattform för beställaren. Kommunikation mellan aktuatorer, sensorer och styrenhet görs via en CAN-buss. Temperaturensorernas använder sig av en One-wire buss och dess värden sparas och kan avläsas på en webbplats. Resultatet visar att övervakning av sensordata och reglering av aktuatorer fungerar. Teoretiskt sett är prototypen utformad för att expanderas till en verklig applikation.

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Tica, Amer, and Anton Lewin. "Riskanalys - En studie av BTHs säkerhet." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10517.

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Sammanfattning Bakgrund: Det som väckte vårt intresse med att just inrikta oss på Blekinge Tekniska Högskola var ett fall från 2011 i Januari då en knivbeväpnad mördare tog sig in på skolan och rörde sig fritt utan att många i personalen visste om det. Det är sådana risker som ofta förbises vid en riskanalys och vi ville undersöka vilka åtgärder som gjorts gällande säkerheten och hur man arbetat och förbättrat sitt säkerhetssystem så detta inte sker igen Syfte: Syftet med studien är att göra en riskanalys och behandla hur säkerheten på högskolan ser ut samt om det är något speciellt område just denna högskola bör fokusera på och varför, samt hur man bemöter och evaluerar risker i dagsläget. Metod: Vårt metodval bygger på en blandning av kvalitativ och kvantitativ metod. Resultatet har baserats på våra egen uppfattning och vi har skapat vissa teorier under arbetets gång. Vi fokuserar framför allt på varför det är och bakomliggande orsaker vilket ligger mer i det kvalitativa medan vi samtidigt på grund av att den mänskliga faktorn spelar stor roll i vårt arbete även måste skriva om beteende som dras lite mer åt det kvantitativa hållet Resultat: Det resultat vi har kommit fram till har vi valt att presentera i form av en riskanalys som hittas mot slutet av uppsatsen. Denna innehåller alla de risker vi tyckt varit värda att behandla samt en numrering gällande hur mycket pengar och tid man ska lägga ner på just den risken, numreringen sträcker sig från 1(inte värd att kolla på) - 25(mycket värd att kolla på) Slutsats: För att kunna avgöra om BTH:s säkerhet för närvarande har några brister så har vi i vår slutsats och avslutande diskussion gjort en jämförelse mellan alla risker vi fick fram från vår riskanalys och hur dessa risker kan åtgärdas, i förhållande till hur BTH:s nuvarande säkerhet ser ut. Baserat på denna jämförelse har vi sedan kunnat utläsa vilka svagheter som finns inom verksamheten och utifrån detta har vi föreslagit våra egna rekommendationer gällande hur säkerheten kan förbättras.

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Persson, Jesper, and Kristoffer Dahl. "Control and Monitoring of a BTES-System." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-30304.

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Termisk energi som solfångare producerar kan lagras i Borehole Thermal Energy Storage, BTES, när efterfrågan är låg, för att sedan användas när efterfrågan är hög. Målet med detta examensarbete är att utveckla en skalbar systemarkitektur för styrning och monitorering av en BTES prototyp, där ringarna som borrhålen utgör är indelade i olika temperaturhierarkier. De ringar som ligger närmare centrum av borrhålen har högre temperaturhierarki än de som ligger längre ut. Driftinformation från systemet ska kunna följas på en webbplats och temperaturdata från systemet ska sparas undan för lagring. Datakommunikationen består av en One-Wire buss som innehåller temperatursensorer och ett CAN-buss system för datakommunikation mellan sensor/aktuator-noder och server-nod. Utifrån sensordata bestäms reglering av ventiler. Driftinformation lagras i en databas och från denna databas presenteras informationen på en hemsida. Hemsidan innehåller en överblick av brunnparken där temperaturen i varje brunn kan utläsas. Regleralgoritmen uppfyller den sökta temperaturhierarkin där de högsta temperaturerna ska vara i centrum av brunnparken. Prototypen fungerar som en utvecklingsplattform och demonstrerande prototyp.
Thermal energy produced from solar collectors can be stored in Borehole Thermal Energy Storage, BTES, when demand is low for later usage when demand is high. The aim of this thesis is to develop a scalable system architecture for control and monitoring of a BTES prototype.The BTES prototype consist of 13 boreholes configured in a hierarchically manner in two circles and one core. The core is of the highest priority. The operational information is displayed on a website and stored in a database.The data communication consist of two One-wire buses and one CAN bus. The temperature sensors are connected to the One-Wire buses. The CAN bus consist of sensor/actuator nodes and a server node. Based on sensor data, a control loop configures the actuators. Operational data is stored in a database and visually presented on a website. The website displays an overview of all the boreholes where all of the sensors data can be read. The control algorithm runs successfully according to its hierarchically priorities. The prototype works as a developement platform and a demonstrating prototype.

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Majava, J. (Jani). "Ikiroudan mallintaminen Kilpisjärvellä BTS-metodilla." Master's thesis, University of Oulu, 2014. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201402271141.

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Ilmaston lämpenemisen, Jäämeren sulamisen ja raaka-ainevarojen vähentymisen sekä kasvavan kulutuksen seurauksena pohjoisten alueiden hyödyntämättömät ja löytymättömät resurssit ovat kasvavan kiinnostuksen kohteena. Tämän takia on tärkeää ymmärtää pohjoisten alueiden ilmiöitä. Koska lähes 25 prosenttia pohjoisen pallonpuoliskon maa-alasta on ikirouta-alueita, ovat ikiroutaan liittyvien prosessien ymmärtäminen, ikiroudan kartoittaminen ja mallintaminen tärkeitä. Ikirouta onkin otettava huomioon kaikissa pohjoisille alueille kohdistuvissa projekteissa. Tämän tutkimuksen tarkoituksena on selvittää ikiroudan alueellinen esiintyminen Kilpisjärvellä ja määrittää ikiroudan alueelliseen esiintymiseen vaikuttavat ympäristötekijät BTS-metodiin pohjautuvalla tilastollisella mallintamisella. Lisäksi työssä arvioidaan menetelmän soveltuvuutta Suomen Lapin olosuhteisiin. Tämä on ensimmäinen tutkimus, jossa ikiroutaa mallinnetaan Suomessa BTS-metodia hyödyntäen. Tutkimusaineisto koostuu maastoaineiston lisäksi satelliittikuvista ja digitaalisesta korkeusmallista johdetuista muuttujista. Maastossa on mitattu 435 pisteestä hangenalaiset maanpinnan lämpötilat, jotka tarpeeksi alhaisina kertovat ikiroudan läsnäolosta. Ikiroudan alueellista esiintymistä ja sitä selittäviä tekijöitä on mallinnettu lineaarisen regression, yleistetyn lineaarisen mallin (GLM) ja yleistetyn additiivisen mallin (GAM) avulla. Mallien tuottamien ennusteiden pohjalta on tehty ikiroudan alueellista esiintymistä Kilpisjärvellä kuvaavat ennustekartat. Ikiroutaa selittäviksi tekijöiksi valikoituivat lineaarisessa regressiomallissa korkeus ja aspekti, yleistettyyn lineaariseen malliin valikoituivat korkeus, vuotuinen säteily ja sen toisen asteen polynomifunktio, maaston kaarevuus sekä rinteen kaltevuus ja yleistettyyn additiiviseen malliin valikoituivat korkeus, vuotuinen säteily, maaston kaarevuus, NDVI-kasvillisuusindeksi, aspekti ja rinteen kaltevuus. Kaikki mallit sopivat aineistoon, koska residuaalit olivat normaalisti jakautuneita. Mallien selitysaste oli keskimäärin 47,5 prosenttia. Tulosten perusteella Kilpisjärven alue kuuluu sporadisen ikiroudan alueeseen ja ikirouta on todennäköisintä tuntureiden lakialueilla ja pohjoisrinteillä. Ikirouta on mahdollista tuntureiden alemmilla rinteillä ja osassa paljakkaa, mutta tunturikoivikoissa ja alhaisten korkeuksien paljakalla ikiroutaa ei esiinny. Tärkeimmät ikiroudan esiintymisen alueellista vaihtelua Kilpisjärvellä selittävät ympäristötekijät ovat kasvillisuus, maaperän materiaali, aspekti ja korkeus. Korkeus vaikuttaa ikiroudan alueelliseen esiintymiseen muiden sen funktiona muuttuvien ympäristötekijöiden kuten kasvillisuuden, lämpötilan ja tuulisuuden kautta. Maastomittausten ja tutkimustulosten perusteella voidaan sanoa, että BTS-metodia voidaan soveltaa Suomen Lapin olosuhteissa ikiroudan mallintamiseen ja kartoittamiseen.

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Bäckström, Johan. "Energioptimering industritvätt : Energibesparing BTS Umeå." Thesis, Luleå tekniska universitet, Institutionen för teknikvetenskap och matematik, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ltu:diva-66003.

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Med rådande klimatsituation är ett kontinuerligt arbete med hur man använder energi och hur denproduceras viktigt. Berendsen Textil Service AB (BTS) är ett företag som kontinuerligt arbetar medförbättring för att uppnå sina satta verksamhets- och miljömål. Som ett led i detta förbättringsarbetegenomfördes arbetet som ligger till grund för denna rapport.BTS Umeå var i startgroparna på ett projekt för installation av reningsverk och ville passa på attgenomföra ytterligare förbättringsarbete. De önskade hjälp med att fastställa möjligheten tillenergiåtervinning ur deras processvatten.Arbetet har genomförts genom analys av BTS Umeås förbrukningsdata som används för internrapportering och statistik. Temperaturer hos processvattnet vid olika punkter i flödet har uppmätts vidliknande anläggningar som redan använder sig av det tilltänkta reningsverket. Med hjälp av beräkningarbaserat på dessa värden har energiåtervinningspotentialen fastställts. Dessa beräkningar visar att 860kWh per dag finns att tillgå en energiåtervinningsåtgärd. Tre alternativa lösningar har analyserats -återvinning av processvatten efter rening, energiåtervinning av värme från processvatten innan reningmed värmeväxlare, samt en kombination av dessa två.Resultatet av dessa analyser visar att en energibesparing upp mot 21 % av den i anläggningenkonsumerade eldningsoljan är möjlig med alternativ som finns beskrivet i denna rapport vilketmotsvarar ca. 61 l eldningsolja E10 per dag. Denna besparing fås genom återvinning av renat varmtprocessvatten bland annat med hjälp av rörvärmeväxlare. Rörvärmeväxlaren valdes på grund av att denhar tillräcklig god effektivitet samtidigt som underhållet av värmeväxlaren skulle vara enkelt och billigt

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Yao, Yimei Carleton University Dissertation Computer Science. "BTS: a new distributed data structure." Ottawa, 1993.

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Silva, Jacqueline Pereira Figueiredo Ferreira da. "Caracterização de compostos aromáticos em gasolina comercial." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2009. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=2833.

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A contaminação do ar e do meio ambiente por combustíveis derivados de petróleo tem sido objeto de crescente pesquisa no Brasil. Dentre os tipos de poluição ao meio ambiente, a poluição atmosférica é a que causa mais incômodo à população. Esta exerce efeitos sobre a saúde humana, causando desde simples irritações até câncer de pulmão. Dos poluentes mais perigosos encontrados nesses ambientes, são destaques os hidrocarbonetos e os compostos monoaromáticos como o benzeno, tolueno e xilenos (BTX), presentes nesses combustíveis, que são extremamente tóxicos à saúde humana. Para controle desses compostos orgânicos voláteis, é necessário quantificá-los e compará-los aos valores limites de tolerância legislados no Brasil. A utilização da técnica de cromatografia gasosa e da técnica de espectroscopia por infravermelho permite realizar essa tarefa de maneira relativamente simples e rápida. Portanto o objetivo deste trabalho foi apresentar a composição química de amostras de gasolina do tipo C comercializadas nos postos revendedores da Região Metropolitana do Estado do Rio de Janeiro. Foram feitas análises quantitativas dos principais grupos químicos (parafínicos, olefínicos, naftênicos e aromáticos) e etanol por Cromatografia Gasosa de Alta Resolução e da composição de benzeno, tolueno e xileno (BTX) pela técnica de absorção no infravermelho. Os resultados foram comparados com os limites dados pela especificação da ANP (Portaria n 309) para a qualidade da gasolina, com o objetivo de se verificar se estão em conformidade com este agente regulamentador. Os resultados mostraram que todos os teores encontrados de olefínicos e aromáticos foram abaixo do limite especificado. Alguns postos apresentaram os teores de benzeno acima do limite especificado, indicando um nível de ação por parte da ANP principalmente pela ação tóxica do benzeno
The air contamination and the environment by fuels derived from crude oil has been object of increasing research in Brazil. Amongst the types of pollution to the environment, the atmospheric pollution is the one that cause more discomfort to the population. This exerts effects on the human health, causing since simple irritations until lung cancer. Among the most dangerous pollutants found in these environments are prominences the aliphatic hydro carbons and monoaromatic hydrocarbons compounds as benzene, toluene and xylems (BTX), present in these fuels that are extremely toxic to the human health. To control these volatile organic compounds, is necessary to quantify and to compare them with the tolerance limits value legislated in Brazil. The gas chromatography and infra-red ray spectroscopy techniques utilization allows realizing easily and fast these tasks. Therefore the objective of this work was to present the type C gasoline samples chemical composition commercialized on the gas station of the metropolitan region on Rio de Janeiro state. Had been made quantitative analyses for the main chemical groups (paraffins, olefins, naphthenics and aromatics) and ethanol by high resolution Gas Chromatography and the composition for benzene, toluene and xylem (BTX), by infra-red ray absorption technique. The results had been compared with the limits given by ANP specification (Portaria n 309) for the gasoline quality, with the objective to verify if they are in compliance with this regulatory agent. The results had shown that all amount founded for aromatics and olefinics had been below of the specified limit. Some gas station had presented amount for benzene above of the specified limit, indicating that ANP need to take some actions toward these gas station, mainly for the benzene toxicity action

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Milesson, Joel, and Erika Abrahamsson. "Geoenergilager Xylem : Visualisering och lönsamhet." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för bygg- och energiteknik (BE), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-27037.

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Inom svensk process- och tillverkningsindustri finns det stora mängder spillvärme som sällan kommer till användning. Att hitta olika tekniska lösningar för att effektivt tillvarata denna spillvärme skapar både nytta ur ett hållbart perspektiv samt ur ett ekonomiskt perspektiv för företaget. I denna rapport presenteras en utarbetad beräkningsmodell i Excel. Beräkningsmodellen används för att uppskatta lönsamheten för anläggning av ett högtemperaturlager i berggrunden. Excel-filen ska kunna användas för företag som en första uppskattning om ett borrhålslager är ett alternativ för tillvaratagande av spillvärme. Utformningen av beräkningsmallen utgick från Xylems högtemperaturlager i Emmaboda. Beräkningsmallen testades på Xylems borrhålslager. Resultatet visar att 2166 MWh/år kan tas ut från lagret, vilket stämmer överens till 83 % med Xylems egna beräkningar. Borrhålslagrets verkningsgrad beräknades till 65 % vilket kan jämföras med de 68 % som Xylem kalkylerat med. Nyckelord: Borrhålslager, UTES-system, BTES-system, HT-BTES-system, geoenergi, spillvärme.

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Книги з теми "BTXs"

Peters, Falk-Eckhart. Btx-Rechtsprobleme: Praxisnahe Rechtsfragen für Btx-Nutzer. München: R. Fischer, 1985.

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Library of Tibetan Works & Archives, ed. Thor rtsom gces btus. Dharamsala: Bod-kyi Dpe-mdzod-khaṅ, 2013.

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Blo-bzaṅ-grags-pa, Tsoṅ-kha-pa. Rtsom rig gces btus. Dharamsala: Bod-kyi Dpe-mdzod-khaṅ, 2008.

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Bod, Gźuṅ Śes-rig Dpar-khaṅ (Dharmsāla India). Gźas tshig gces btus. Delhi: Bod Gźuṅ Śes-rig Dpar-khaṅ, 2007.

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Blo-bzaṅ-grags-pa, Tsoṅ-kha-pa. Rtsom rig gces btus. Dharamsala: Bod-kyi Dpe-mdzod-khaṅ, 2009.

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Bocquillon, Jean-François. Droit: BTS 1. Paris: Dunod, 1995.

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Campbell, John E. BTLS: Basic prehospital trauma care. Englewood Cliffs, N.J: Prentice Hall, 1988.

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Steiner, Ursula. Fachenglisch für BioTAs und BTAs. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60666-7.

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1883-1962 mkhyen rab nor bu/ rtsed thang mkhyen rab nor bu. mkhyen rab nor bu'i sman yig gces btus/mA yang sman yig gces btus. Pe cin: Mi rigs dpe skrun khang, 2007.

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Rtsom btus nor buʾi baṅ mdzod. Pe-cin: Mi rigs dpe skrun khaṅ, 2005.

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Частини книг з теми "BTXs"

Serrano, Luis, Juan Antonio Cecilia, Cristina García‑Sancho, and Araceli García. "Lignin Depolymerization to BTXs." In Topics in Current Chemistry Collections, 169–96. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-00590-0_7.

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Tillmann, Klaus-Dieter. "Btx." In Datenkommunikation mit dem PC, 110–13. Wiesbaden: Vieweg+Teubner Verlag, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-663-14190-7_10.

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Steiner, Ursula. "Biotechnology." In Fachenglisch für BioTAs und BTAs, 1–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60666-7_1.

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Steiner, Ursula. "Further Education for BIOTAS." In Fachenglisch für BioTAs und BTAs, 153–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60666-7_10.

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Steiner, Ursula. "Working with Specific Dictionaries." In Fachenglisch für BioTAs und BTAs, 159–62. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60666-7_11.

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Steiner, Ursula. "Analysing Websites About Biotechnology." In Fachenglisch für BioTAs und BTAs, 163–65. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60666-7_12.

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Steiner, Ursula. "Erratum zu: Fachenglisch für BioTAs und BTAs." In Fachenglisch für BioTAs und BTAs, E1. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60666-7_13.

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Steiner, Ursula. "Chemistry." In Fachenglisch für BioTAs und BTAs, 81–93. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60666-7_2.

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Steiner, Ursula. "Microbiology." In Fachenglisch für BioTAs und BTAs, 95–102. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60666-7_3.

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Steiner, Ursula. "DNA Fingerprinting." In Fachenglisch für BioTAs und BTAs, 103–11. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-60666-7_4.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "BTXs"

Yamashita, Yoshitaka, Arata Masuda, and Akira Sone. "An Experimental Study of Base Isolation Devices Using Shape Memory Alloy Wires." In ASME/JSME 2004 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pvp2004-2937.

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In this study, we develop a base isolation device using SMA wires. Two types of SMA springs are used as softening springs, i.e. ring-type-spring (RTS) and buckling-type-spring (BTS). BTSs’ restoring forces have significant softening characteristics, which suppresses the acceleration transmissibility. Cyclic loading tests are conducted to investigate the durability of the SMA springs. The results show that they have the enough durability for seismic isolation.

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null. "BT's intranet." In IEE Colloquium on Corporate Intranets - Users' Experiences. IEE, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/ic:19971019.

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"BTAS 2018 Program." In 2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/btas.2018.8698592.

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Bessani, Alysson Neves, Joni da Silva Fraga, and Lau Cheuk Lung. "BTS." In the 2006 ACM symposium. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1141277.1141377.

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Liu, Yuanzhi, Payam Ghassemi, Souma Chowdhury, and Jie Zhang. "Surrogate Based Multi-Objective Optimization of J-Type Battery Thermal Management System." In ASME 2018 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2018-85620.

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This paper proposes a novel and flexible J-type air-based battery thermal management system (BTMS), by integrating conventional Z-type and U-type BTMS. With two controlling valves, the J-type BTMS can be adaptively controlled in real time to help balance the temperature uniformity and energy efficiency under various charging/discharging situations (especially extreme fast changing). Results of computational fluid dynamics simulations show that the J-type system performs better than the U-type and Z-type systems. To further improve the thermal performance of the proposed J-type BTMS, a surrogate-based multi-objective optimization is performed, with the consideration of the two major objectives, i.e., uniformity and energy efficiency. The concurrent surrogate selection (COSMOS) framework is adopted in this paper to determine the most suitable surrogate models. Optimization results show that: (i) the uniformity of the temperature distribution is improved by 38.6% compared to the benchmark, (ii) the maximum temperature is reduced by 19.1%, and (iii) the pressure drop is decreased by 14.5%.

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Pham, T. H., P. P. J. van den Bosch, J. T. B. A. Kessels, and R. G. M. Huisman. "Cost-Effective Energy Management for Hybrid Electric Heavy-Duty Truck Including Battery Aging." In ASME 2013 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2013-3729.

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Battery temperature has large impact on battery power capability and battery life time. In Hybrid Electric Heavy-duty trucks (HEVs), the high-voltage battery is normally equipped with an active Battery Thermal Management System (BTMS) guaranteeing a desired battery life time. Since the BTMS can consume a substantial amount of energy, this paper aims at integrating the Energy Management Strategy (EMS) and BTMS to minimize the overall operational cost of the truck (considering diesel fuel cost and battery life time cost). The proposed on-line strategy makes use of the Equivalent Consumption Minimization Strategy (ECMS) along with a physics-based approach to optimize both the power split (between the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) and the Motor Generator (MG)) and the BTMS’s operation. The strategy also utilizes a quasi-static battery cycle-life model taking into account the effects of battery power and battery temperature on the battery capacity loss. Simulation results present an appropriate strategy for EMS and BTMS integration, and demonstrate the trade-off between the total vehicle fuel consumption and the battery life time.

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Liu, Yuanzhi, and Jie Zhang. "Self-Adapting Intelligent Battery Thermal Management System via Artificial Neural Network Based Model Predictive Control." In ASME 2019 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-98205.

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Abstract This paper develops a self-adaptive control strategy for a newly-proposed J-type air-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) for electric vehicles (EVs). The structure of the J-type BTMS is first optimized through surrogate-based optimization in conjunction with computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations, with the aim of minimizing temperature rise and maximizing temperature uniformity. Based on the optimized J-type BTMS, an artificial neural network (ANN)-based model predictive control (MPC) strategy is set up to perform real-time control of mass flow rate and BTMS mode switch among J-, Z-, and U-mode. The ANN-based MCP strategy is tested with the Urban Dynamometer Driving Schedule (UDDS) driving cycle. With a genetic algorithm optimizer, the control system is able to optimize the mass flow rate by considering several steps ahead. The results show that the ANN-based MPC strategy is able to constrain the battery temperature difference within a narrow range, and to satisfy light-duty daily operations like the UDDS driving cycle for EVs.

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Liu, Yuanzhi, Mao Li, and Jie Zhang. "An Experimental Parametric Study of Air-Based Battery Thermal Management System for Electric Vehicles." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67841.

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This paper develops an experimental platform and performs a parametric study of an air-based battery thermal management system (BTMS) for electric vehicles. A flexible experimental platform with ten battery cells is built up to investigate how key BTMS design parameters affect the battery thermal performance. Three design parameters are studied in this paper, including the mass flow rate of cooling air, the heat flux from the battery cells to the cooling air, and the passage spacing size. To evaluate the thermal performance of the battery system, two metrics (i.e., the maximum temperature rise and the maximum temperature Uniformity) are used. A design of experiments (here 30 groups) are conducted to analyze how the three key design parameters affect the thermal performance of the BTMS. A computational fluid dynamics (CFD) of the BTMS is also performed to compare and help explain the experimental results. Both the experimental and CFD simulation results shows that: (i) decreasing the mass flow rate may deteriorate the thermal performance of the battery module; (ii) increasing the heat flux and enlarging the passage spacing size also deteriorate the battery thermal performance.

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"BTAS'09 organizing committee." In 2009 IEEE 3rd International Conference on Biometrics: Theory, Applications, and Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/btas.2009.5339086.

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"BTAS'10 Organizing committee." In 2010 IEEE Fourth International Conference On Biometrics: Theory, Applications And Systems (BTAS). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/btas.2010.5634549.

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Звіти організацій з теми "BTXs"

Perdue, Brian. BTMS Testing Section. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762067.

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Perdue, Brian. BTMS Testing Section. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1762923.

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Perdue, Brian, Mohan Pramod Karulkar, and Loraine Torres-Castro. Annual BTMS Testing Section (SNL). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1570097.

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Hostick, Donna J., David B. Belzer, Katherine A. Cort, and James A. Dirks. Documentation for FY2002 BTS GPRA Metrics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15010660.

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Hostick, Donna J., David B. Belzer, Katherine A. Cort, James A. Dirks, and Rita H. Pool. Documentation for FY2003 BTS GPRA Metrics. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/15010661.

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None, None. Commercial buildings integration (BTS) GPRA2003 metric data. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1216519.

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Touch, J., D. Black, and Y. Wang. Problem and Applicability Statement for Better-Than-Nothing Security (BTNS). RFC Editor, November 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5387.

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Hunt, G. BT's eXtended Network Quality RTP Control Protocol Extended Reports (RTCP XR XNQ). RFC Editor, December 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.17487/rfc5093.

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RISENMAY, H. R. Design Criteria for Bagless Transfer System (BTS) Packaging System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/802991.

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Belzer, D. B., K. A. Cort, J. A. Dirks, D. J. Hostick, and R. H. Pool. Documentation for FY2003 BTS GPRA metrics: Building technology, state and community programs. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), April 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1216522.

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