Статті в журналах: "By-Product valorization"

1

Arzami, Anis N., Thao M. Ho, and Kirsi S. Mikkonen. "Valorization of cereal by-product hemicelluloses: Fractionation and purity considerations." Food Research International 151 (January 2022): 110818. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110818.

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Spaggiari, Marco, Chiara Dall’Asta, Gianni Galaverna, and María Dolores del Castillo Bilbao. "Rice Bran By-Product: From Valorization Strategies to Nutritional Perspectives." Foods 10, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10010085.

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The aim of this study is to review the innovative techniques based on bioprocessing, thermal or physical treatments which have been proposed during the last few decades to convert rice bran into a valuable food ingredient. Rice bran (Oryza sativa) is the main by-product of rice grain processing. It is produced in large quantities worldwide and it contains a high amount of valuable nutrients and bioactive compounds with significant health-related properties. Despite that, its application in food industry is still scarce because of its sensitivity to oxidation processes, instability and poor technological suitability. Furthermore, the health-related effects of pretreated rice bran are also presented in this review, considering the up-to-date literature focused on both in vivo and in vitro studies. Moreover, in relation to this aspect, a brief description of rice bran arabinoxylans is provided. Finally, the application of rice bran in the food industry and the main technology aspects are concisely summarized.

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Ningrum, Andriati, Supriyadi, Sri Anggrahini, Laurensia Dyah Kusumaningrum, Martina Widhi Hapsari, and Matthias Schreiner. "Valorization of food by product from selected tropical fruits pomace." IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 205 (December 7, 2018): 012034. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/205/1/012034.

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Coelho, Marta C., Soudabeh Ghalamara, Ricardo Pereira, António S. Rodrigues, José A. Teixeira, and Manuela E. Pintado. "Innovation and Winemaking By-Product Valorization: An Ohmic Heating Approach." Processes 11, no. 2 (February 7, 2023): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11020495.

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The by-products of the winemaking process can represent chances for the development of new products. This study focused on the “zero waste” strategy development for by-products generated within winemaking from white and red grape varieties cultivated in the north of Portugal. The phytochemical properties of by-products were identified and characterized. Ohmic heating (OH) as a green extraction method was also applied to grape pomace due to their unknown effects on centesimal and phytochemical compositions. Both protein and carbohydrates were shown to be higher in grape bagasse than in stems. Additionally, red bagasse is richer in bioactive compounds (BC) than white bagasse. The sugar content was 21.91 and 11.01 g/100 g of DW in red and white grape bagasse, respectively. The amount of protein was 12.46 g/100 g of DW for red grape bagasse and 13.18 g/100 g of DW for white. Regarding the extraction methods, two fractions were obtained, a liquid fraction and solid (the remainder after the methodology application). OH presented a higher antioxidant capacity than a conventional (CONV) method. In addition, both extracts presented similar contents of anthocyanins, e.g., delphinidin-3-O-glucoside, petunidin-3-O-glucoside, and peonidin-3-O-glucoside. The solid fraction presented higher amounts of protein and phenols bound to fiber than CONV, which allows its use as a functional ingredient. In conclusion, OH can be an alternative extraction method compared with CONV methods, avoiding non-food grade solvents, thus contributing to circular economy implementation.

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Pereira, Valdir M., Rodrigo H. Geraldo, Túllio A. M. Cruz, and Gladis Camarini. "Valorization of industrial by-product: Phosphogypsum recycling as green binding material." Cleaner Engineering and Technology 5 (December 2021): 100310. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clet.2021.100310.

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Ao, Supongsenla, and Samuel Lalthazuala Rokhum. "Recent Advances in the Valorization of Biodiesel By-Product Glycerol to Solketal." Journal of Chemistry 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4938672.

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The exponential rise of the biodiesel production has resulted in a considerable amount of glycerol as a by-product, which must be valorized to ensure the sector’s long-term viability. As a result, cost-effective glycerol conversions for significant value-added chemicals are essential for the biodiesel production in the long run. Solketal, a glycerol by-product, is obtained as a potential fuel additive in the biodiesel industry. Recently, several heterogeneous acid-catalysts stand out as a promising catalyst for solketal production where biomass-based catalyst gained attraction owing to their biodegradability, eco-friendly, and abundant availability. Furthermore, magnetic nanoparticles-derived catalysts along with sulfonated functionalized catalyzed, zeolites, resins, enzymatic, etc. have proved their efficiency in solketal production. In this review, a wider study on the recent advances of the catalysts has been discussed along with their preparation, various reaction parameters, its application, and efficiency for biodiesel industry. This study opens up incredible prospects for us to use renewable energy sources, which will benefit the industry, the environment, and the economy.

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Mollea, Chiara, and Fulvia Chiampo. "Valorization of Cocoa Husks: Pectin Recovery." International Journal of Food Science 2019 (April 1, 2019): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/1212081.

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Food processing by-products are usually cheap and abundant and can be source of valuable molecules of great interest to various industries like the pharmaceutical or the food ones. In this frame, the husks of roasted cocoa beans, that are a by-product of the cocoa processing industry, can constitute a source of pectin. The recovery process has been already defined at laboratory scale with boiling acid extraction (pH 2.5). This process is suitable to recover a quantity of pectin, expressed as anhydro-galacturonic acid (AGA), around 8 g AGA/100 g dry husks; this pectin is characterized by low degree of methylation (%DM around 31) and acetylation degree lower than 2%. In this paper the effects of some operative conditions on pectin quantity and quality were studied, in order to optimize the parameters that can make the process economically competitive: the in-excess quantities of solvents and operation time were reduced, without altering yield and pectin characteristics. In particular, the extract was concentrated by 13.3%, the ethanol for pectin precipitation was reduced (ratio extract to ethanol equal to 1:4), and it was also demonstrated that a single washing with 40% ethanol is sufficient to obtain a purified product.

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Lemahieu, Guillaume, Julie Aguilhon, Henri Strub, Valérie Molinier, Jesús F. Ontiveros, and Jean-Marie Aubry. "Hexahydrofarnesyl as an original bio-sourced alkyl chain for the preparation of glycosides surfactants with enhanced physicochemical properties." RSC Advances 10, no. 28 (2020): 16377–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ra02326d.

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Mokrejš, Pavel, Robert Gál, Jana Pavlačková, and Dagmar Janáčová. "Valorization of a By-Product from the Production of Mechanically Deboned Chicken Meat for Preparation of Gelatins." Molecules 26, no. 2 (January 12, 2021): 349. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26020349.

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In recent decades, food waste management has become a key priority of industrial and food companies, state authorities and consumers as well. The paper describes the biotechnological processing of mechanically deboned chicken meat (MDCM) by-product, rich in collagen, into gelatins. A factorial design at two levels was used to study three selected process conditions (enzyme conditioning time, gelatin extraction temperature and gelatin extraction time). The efficiency of the technological process of valorization of MDCM by-product into gelatins was evaluated by % conversion of the by-product into gelatins and some qualitative parameters of gelatins (gel strength, viscosity and ash content). Under optimal processing conditions (48–72 h of enzyme conditioning time, 73–78 °C gelatin extraction temperature and 100–150 min gelatin extraction time), MDCM by-product can be processed with 30–32% efficiency into gelatins with a gel strength of 140 Bloom, a viscosity of 2.5 mPa.s and an ash content of 5.0% (which can be reduced by deionization using ion-exchange resins). MDCM is a promising food by-product for valorization into gelatins, which have potential applications in food-, pharmaceutical- and cosmetic fields. The presented technology contributes not only to food sustainability but also to the model of a circular economy.

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Donner, Mechthild, Ivana Radić, Yamna Erraach, and Fatima El Hadad-Gauthier. "Implementation of Circular Business Models for Olive Oil Waste and By-Product Valorization." Resources 11, no. 7 (July 20, 2022): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/resources11070068.

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Mediterranean olive oil producers have multiple incentives for adopting circular business models and better resource management, facing water scarcity and huge amounts of waste, but also seeing new opportunities for value creation. This article aimed to understand how circular business models valorizing olive oil waste and by-products are implemented. Ten business cases from six Mediterranean countries were studied, mainly based on semi-structured interviews with enterprise managers. Data were analyzed according to the business model canvas elements, success factors, and barriers while considering the institutional context. The results highlight the diversity of activities, types of resources used, and partnerships and products offered in different market segments. The principles of biowaste conversion and circularity, such as cascading, upcycling, recycling, and recovering, are all applied. The key success factors comprise an environmental concern, knowledge about biotechnologies, markets and logistics, a long-term commitment to the sector, local availability of resources, legislation, subsidies, and product acceptance by consumers. The main barriers include a lack of specific public financial support, an insufficient knowledge transfer from research to olive oil producers, and a lack of articulation of needs for research by the enterprises. More public-private collaborations and multi-stakeholder projects are needed for further shifting to a circular economy in the olive oil sector.

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Kaur, Lakhvinder, and Shachi Shah. "Production of Bacterial Cellulose by Acetobacter tropicalis Isolated from Decaying Apple Waste." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 2 (2022): 453–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23598.

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Fruits and vegetables have the highest wastage rates of 45% of any food. One of the recent research areas is food waste valorization as a potential alternative to the disposal of a wide range of organic waste using microorganisms as one of the strategies known as microbial valorization. Bacterial cellulose is best known microbial valorization product because of its low cost, environmentally friendly nature, renewability, nanoscale dimensions, biocompatibility and extremely high hydrophilicity. Therefore, present study focuses on the isolation, characterization and identification of cellulose producing bacteria from decaying apple waste. Cellulose producers were isolated from decaying apple waste. The bacterial isolates obtained were identified through the morphological biochemical, physiological and molecular identification. The bacterial isolates exhibited potential remediation options to biovalorize decaying fruit waste by producing value added products as well as in safe disposal of waste.

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Eslami, Elham, Serena Carpentieri, Gianpiero Pataro, and Giovanna Ferrari. "A Comprehensive Overview of Tomato Processing By-Product Valorization by Conventional Methods versus Emerging Technologies." Foods 12, no. 1 (December 29, 2022): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods12010166.

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The tomato processing industry can be considered one of the most widespread food manufacturing industries all over the world, annually generating considerable quantities of residue and determining disposal issues associated not only with the wasting of invaluable resources but also with the rise of significant environmental burdens. In this regard, previous studies have widely ascertained that tomato by-products are still rich in valuable compounds, which, once recovered, could be utilized in different industrial sectors. Currently, conventional solvent extraction is the most widely used method for the recovery of these compounds from tomato pomace. Nevertheless, several well-known drawbacks derive from this process, including the use of large quantities of solvents and the difficulties of utilizing the residual biomass. To overcome these limitations, the recent advances in extraction techniques, including the modification of the process configuration and the use of complementary novel methods to modify or destroy vegetable cells, have greatly and effectively influenced the recovery of different compounds from plant matrices. This review contributes a comprehensive overview on the valorization of tomato processing by-products with a specific focus on the use of “green technologies”, including high-pressure homogenization (HPH), pulsed electric fields (PEF), supercritical fluid (SFE-CO2), ultrasounds (UAE), and microwaves (MAE), suitable to enhancing the extractability of target compounds while reducing the solvent requirement and shortening the extraction time. The effects of conventional processes and the application of green technologies are critically analyzed, and their effectiveness on the recovery of lycopene, polyphenols, cutin, pectin, oil, and proteins from tomato residues is discussed, focusing on their strengths, drawbacks, and critical factors that contribute to maximizing the extraction yields of the target compounds. Moreover, to follow the “near zero discharge concept”, the utilization of a cascade approach to recover different valuable compounds and the exploitation of the residual biomass for biogas generation are also pointed out.

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Matrawy, Amira A., Ahmed I. Khalil, Heba S. Marey, and Amira M. Embaby. "Use of Wheat Straw for Value-Added Product Xylanase by Penicillium chrysogenum Strain A3 DSM105774." Journal of Fungi 7, no. 9 (August 27, 2021): 696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jof7090696.

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The present work highlights the valorization of the bulky recalcitrant lignocellulose byproduct wheat straw (WS) for the enhanced production of value-added xylanase by the locally sourced novel Penicillium chrysogenum strain A3 DSM105774 for the first time. The optimized production of xylanase by submerged state of fermentation of WS was achieved using a three-step statistical and sequential approach: one factor at a time (OFAT), Plackett–Burman design (PBD), and Box Behnken design (BBD). Incubation temperature (30 °C), WS, and ammonium sulphate were the key determinants prompting xylanase production; inferred from OFAT. The WS concentration (%(w/v)), yeast extract concentration (%(w/v)), and initial pH of the production medium imposed significant effects (p ≤ 0.05) on the produced xylanase, realized from PBD. The predicted levels of WS concentration, initial pH of the production medium, and yeast extract concentration provoking the ultimate xylanase levels (53.7 U/mL) with an 8.95-fold enhancement, localized by the estimated ridge of the steepest ascent of the ridge analysis path, were 3.8% (w/v), 5.1, and 0.098% (w/v), respectively; 94.7% lab validation. The current data underpin the up-scaling of xylanase production using this eco-friendly, cheap, and robust methodology for the valorization of WS into the value-added product xylanase.

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Putra, Filemon Jalu Nusantara, Prihardi Kahar, Akihiko Kondo, and Chiaki Ogino. "Valorization of Lignin and Its Derivatives Using Yeast." Processes 10, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr10102004.

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As the third most plentiful biopolymer after other lignocellulosic derivates such as cellulose and hemicellulose, lignin carries abundant potential as a substitute for petroleum-based products. However, the efficient, practical, value-added product valorization of lignin remains quite challenging. Although several studies have reviewed the valorization of lignin by microorganisms, this present review covers recent studies on the valorization of lignin by employing yeast to obtain products such as single-cell oils (SCOs), enzymes, and other chemical compounds. The use of yeasts has been found to be suitable for the biological conversion of lignin and might provide new insights for future research to develop a yeast strain for lignin to produce other valuable chemical compounds.

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Poulose, Simi, Ilari Jönkkäri, Mikael S. Hedenqvist, and Jurkka Kuusipalo. "Bioplastic films with unusually good oxygen barrier properties based on potato fruit-juice." RSC Advances 11, no. 21 (2021): 12543–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra01178b.

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Valorization of potato fruit juice, a potato starch industry by-product, by developing biopolymer films that could replace petroleum based alternatives in packaging, providing a greener and sustainable solution to industrial waste management.

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Aslam, Maham, Ansa Khalid, Ghanwa Tahir, and Hamid Mukhtar. "Recent Developments in Purification Techniques for Whey Valorization." Journal of Biomedical Research & Environmental Sciences 2, no. 9 (September 2021): 876–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.37871/jbres1326.

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Whey being a by-product of dairy industry, although is highly nutritive, was previously regarded as a waste but with time found its application in feedstock, pharmaceutical and food industry. Whey’s composition varies with respect to multiple factors such as source of milk, type of whey (acid or sweet whey) etc. Main challenge in whey utilization is that it has less quantity of whey constituents which need to be purified. Previously, the methods such as heat or acid treatment, precipitation and salting out were efficient only on laboratory scale and caused degradation of native protein structure making it difficult to understand its functional, nutritional and therapeutic properties, shifting focus towards innovative techniques which give product of high purity, are rapid, efficient, cost effective, eco-friendly and easy to be scaled up. Among such techniques, membrane separation and chromatography are widely employed ones. There is always a concern about purity and use of a single technique leads to compromise between purification level and overall purified product yield, shifting focus towards coupling of separation techniques. The following article is a comprehensive approach towards novel approaches for the isolation and separation of different whey constituents such as whey protein isolate and whey protein hydrolysate etc. along with their application in dairy, food and pharmaceutical industry and animal feedstock.

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Dias, Victória Carolina Pinheiro Lopes, Daniel De Souza Gamarano, and Davi Neiva Alves. "COOPERATIVISM, REGIONAL AND ORGANIC PRODUCTS: THE DESIGN PERSPECTIVE FOR THE VALORIZATION OF THE BRAZILIAN FOOD SECTOR." MIX Sustentável 3, no. 4 (December 18, 2017): 119–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.29183/2447-3073.mix2017.v3.n4.119-134.

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The goal of this paper is to show how some design actions can be used for the valorization regional products from organic production. Therefore, three activities made by family farming cooperatives located into different Brazilian states (Copacaju-CE, Cooperjap-MG, Coopercuc-BA) were analysed. Aiming verify how can the design support the strengthening of identity, community autonomy and products valorization, contributing to their characteristics and values to be perceived by consumers. The research that guides this study has a qualitative exploratory approach. Through bibliographic review of design domain authors Krucken (2009) and Bistagnino (2009) the cooperatives were analysed, evaluating how product characteristics and their correlation with an identity in the territory, the relations of production and commerce, the valorization of the place and the relation of the man and the environment.

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Vladić, Jelena, Martina Jakovljević, Maja Molnar, Senka Vidović, Milan Tomić, Zorica Drinić, and Stela Jokić. "Valorization of Yarrow (Achillea millefolium L.) By-Product through Application of Subcritical Water Extraction." Molecules 25, no. 8 (April 18, 2020): 1878. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081878.

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In the present study, valorization of yarrow (Achillea millefolium) by-product from the filter tea industry was investigated through the application of subcritical water for the extraction of bioactive compounds. The influence of different process parameters (temperature 120–200 °C, extraction time 10–30 min, and HCl concentration in extraction solvent 0–1.5%) on extract quality in terms of content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity was investigated. Optimal conditions of the extraction process (temperature 198 °C, extraction time 16.5 min, and without acidifer) were determined and, when applied, the most efficient exploitation of by-products is achieved, that is, attainment of extracts rich in total phenols and flavonoids and high antioxidant activity. In addition, by applying the high performance liquid chromatographic analysis, the content of chlorogenic acid was determined as well as the hydroxymethylfurfural content in obtained extracts. The results demonstrated that subcritical water can be successfully used for utilization of yarrow by-products for obtaining extracts rich in antioxidants.

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TAGLIANI, Camila, Claudia PEREZ, Ana CURUTCHET, Patricia ARCIA, and Sonia COZZANO. "Blueberry pomace, valorization of an industry by-product source of fibre with antioxidant capacity." Food Science and Technology 39, no. 3 (September 2019): 644–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/fst.00318.

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20

Ayeche, Riad, and Oualid Hamdaoui. "Valorization of carbide lime waste, a by-product of acetylene manufacture, in wastewater treatment." Desalination and Water Treatment 50, no. 1-3 (December 2012): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19443994.2012.708547.

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Abul Hashem, Md, and Md Shahruk Nur-A-Tomal. "Valorization of Tannery Limed Fleshings Through Fat Extraction: An Approach to Utilize By-Product." Waste and Biomass Valorization 8, no. 4 (September 24, 2016): 1219–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9705-z.

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22

Totaro, Grazia, Laura Sisti, Micaela Vannini, Paola Marchese, Annalisa Tassoni, Marcello Salvatore Lenucci, Matteo Lamborghini, Susheel Kalia, and Annamaria Celli. "A new route of valorization of rice endosperm by-product: Production of polymeric biocomposites." Composites Part B: Engineering 139 (April 2018): 195–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.11.055.

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Santos, Jorge, Danilo Escobar-Avello, Cecilia Fuentealba, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, Julia González-Álvarez, Jorge M. Martins, and Luisa H. Carvalho. "Forest by-Product Valorization: Pilot-Scale Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus Bark Mixture Extraction." Forests 14, no. 5 (April 26, 2023): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f14050895.

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One of the most important by-products generated in the forestry industry is the bark obtained during the debarking process. Pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) and eucalyptus (Eucalyptus globulus L.) are the main important tree species exploited in the Chilean forestry industry. The bark of P. radiata D. Don is an interesting source of extracts, rich in condensed tannins, with potential uses in biopolymer and bioadhesive preparation. Conversely, the E. globulus bark extracts are rich in hydrolyzable tannins with few applications. Nevertheless, the forest industry generates a high volume of these by-products, simultaneously. Then, it is interesting to determine a suitable process for the joint valorization of both forest by-products at a large scale. In this work, alkaline extraction (NaOH and Na2SO3) was performed at a pilot scale of a mixture of E. globulus and P. radiata barks prepared at different ratios (0%–100%). The effect of bark mixture composition on the resulting extract’s properties was evaluated. All extracts were characterized according to their chemical composition by FTIR-ATR, MALDI-TOF, and molecular weight distribution (GPC). In addition, the Stiasny number was tested to determine the potential use of extracts in bioadhesive formulation. The self-condensation reaction of resulting extracts was studied using Dynamic Mechanical Analysis (DMA) and Automated Bond Evaluation System (ABES) techniques. Results show a good interaction between condensed and hydrolyzable tannins from both species’ barks. It also demonstrated the potential application of the obtained extracts, for a bark ratio of 50:50, in the formulation of bioadhesives for particleboard manufacture. The obtained product showed a similar performance to that of the bioadhesive formulated with the extract obtained using only P. radiata bark.

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Beltrán-Medina, Elisa A., Guadalupe M. Guatemala-Morales, Eduardo Padilla-Camberos, Rosa I. Corona-González, Pedro M. Mondragón-Cortez, and Enrique Arriola-Guevara. "Evaluation of the Use of a Coffee Industry By-Product in a Cereal-Based Extruded Food Product." Foods 9, no. 8 (July 27, 2020): 1008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9081008.

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The evaluation of by-products to be added to food products is complex, as the residues must be analyzed to demonstrate their potential use as safe foods, as well as to propose the appropriate process and product for recycling. Since coffee is a very popular beverage worldwide, the coffee industry is responsible for generating large amounts of by-products, which include the coffee silverskin (CS), the only by-product of the roasting process. In this work, its characterization and food safety were evaluated by chemical composition assays, microbiological determinations, aflatoxin measurements and acute toxicity tests. The results showed that CS is safe for use in food, in addition to providing dietary fiber, protein and bioactive compounds. An extruded cereal-based ready-to-eat food product was developed through an extreme vertices mixture design, producing an extruded food product being a source of protein and with a high fiber content. Up to 15% of CS was incorporated in the extruded product. This work contributes to the establishment of routes for the valorization of CS; nevertheless, further research is necessary to demonstrate the sustainability of this food industry by-product.

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Miletić, Vuk, and Nikola Ćurčić. "Valorization of the quality of the products made by enterprises on the market where they do business." Poslovna ekonomija 15, no. 2 (2021): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/poseko20-36197.

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The need of different enterprises for exploring the level of the quality of their products/services is growing with the expansion of their business operations in the global environment and with the growth of their competition. The subject matter of this research study is the valorization of certain characteristics of the products with which enterprises appear on a target market, which on their part especially relate to their quality. The purpose of the exploration and valorization of the product quality level is connected with numerous business arrangements of the enterprises competing on selected markets in a particular period of time so as to achieve an expected financial result. The starting premise implies that the installed concept of the quality of a product made by an enterprise should encompass all those quality elements pertaining to the consumer/user, i.e. to achieving their satisfaction. That is even more so given the fact that all the relevant analyses and experiences of global enterprises indicate that buyer/consumer satisfaction with a quality product ultimately decides on their financial success. In the research study, the comparative statistics, hypothetical-deductive, analytical-deductive and comparative, historical and statistical-descriptive methods are used.

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Igual, Marta, Maria Simona Chiş, Adriana Păucean, Dan Cristian Vodnar, Sevastița Muste, Simona Man, Javier Martínez-Monzó, and Purificación García-Segovia. "Valorization of Rose Hip (Rosa canina) Puree Co-Product in Enriched Corn Extrudates." Foods 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2021): 2787. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10112787.

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Serious issues and challenges of the world’s population are represented by dwindling natural food resources and the scale-up of sustainable food manufacturing. Therefore, the valorization of co-products from the food industry represents new methods for food development. The principal goal of the study was to capitalize rose hip (Rosa canina) co-product powder in extrudates, highlighting its influence on extrusion parameters, physicochemical, and nutritional characteristics. The water absorption index, swelling index, and hygroscopicity increased with the rose hip co-product addition. Furthermore, water solubility index, expansion index, porosity, image parameters (area and perimeter) of the extrudates decreased. Lycopene, β-Carotene, Zea-esters, and lutein were the main carotenoids identified in the extrudates; whereas Catechin, Di-gallic acid, Procyanidin dimmer 1, Procyanidin dimmer 2, and Isorhamnetin-glucuronide were the main flavonoids. Strong Pearson correlations were identified between carotenoids, total flavonoids, vitamin C, total folate, and antioxidant activity. Valorization of the Rosa canina powder co-product led to value-added products—corn extrudates—rich in bioactive compounds.

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Checa, Manuel, Sergio Nogales-Delgado, Vicente Montes, and José María Encinar. "Recent Advances in Glycerol Catalytic Valorization: A Review." Catalysts 10, no. 11 (November 3, 2020): 1279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal10111279.

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Once a biorefinery is ready to operate, the main processed materials need to be completely evaluated in terms of many different factors, including disposal regulations, technological limitations of installation, the market, and other societal considerations. In biorefinery, glycerol is the main by-product, representing around 10% of biodiesel production. In the last few decades, the large-scale production of biodiesel and glycerol has promoted research on a wide range of strategies in an attempt to valorize this by-product, with its transformation into added value chemicals being the strategy that exhibits the most promising route. Among them, C3 compounds obtained from routes such as hydrogenation, oxidation, esterification, etc. represent an alternative to petroleum-based routes for chemicals such as acrolein, propanediols, or carboxylic acids of interest for the polymer industry. Another widely studied and developed strategy includes processes such as reforming or pyrolysis for energy, clean fuels, and materials such as activated carbon. This review covers recent advances in catalysts used in the most promising strategies considering both chemicals and energy or fuel obtention. Due to the large variety in biorefinery industries, several potential emergent valorization routes are briefly summarized.

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Stasiak-Różańska, Lidia, Anna Berthold-Pluta, and Pritam Dikshit. "Valorization of Waste Glycerol to Dihydroxyacetone with Biocatalysts Obtained from Gluconobacter oxydans." Applied Sciences 8, no. 12 (December 6, 2018): 2517. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app8122517.

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Waste glycerol is the main by-product generated during biodiesel production, in an amount reaching up to 10% of the produced biofuel. Is there any method which allows changing this waste into industrial valuable compounds? This manuscript describes a method for valorization of crude glycerol via microbial bioconversion. It has been shown that the use of free and immobilized biocatalysts obtained from Gluconobacter oxydans can enable beneficial valorization of crude glycerol to industrially valuable dihydroxyacetone. The highest concentration of this compound, reaching over 20 g·L−1, was obtained after 72 h of biotransformation with free G. oxydans cells, in a medium containing 30 or 50 g·L−1 of waste glycerol. Using a free cell extract resulted in higher concentrations of dihydroxyacetone and a higher valorization efficiency (up to 98%) compared to the reaction with an immobilized cell extract. Increasing waste glycerol concentration to 50 g·L−1 causes neither a faster nor higher increase in product yield and reaction efficiency compared to its initial concentration of 30 g·L−1. The proposed method could be an alternative for utilization of a petrochemical waste into industry applicated chemicals.

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Cunha, Mónica, Ana Lourenço, Susana Barreiros, Alexandre Paiva, and Pedro Simões. "Valorization of Cork Using Subcritical Water." Molecules 25, no. 20 (October 14, 2020): 4695. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25204695.

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Granulated cork was submitted to subcritical water extraction/hydrolysis in a semi-continuous reactor at temperatures in the range of 120–200 °C and with a constant pressure of 100 bar. The influence of temperature on the composition of the cork extracts obtained was assessed—namely, their content of carbohydrates and phenolics. The extraction yield increased with the temperature, and this was associated with the decrease in the dielectric constant of water and the increase in its ionic product. Extracts composed of up to 36% phenolics were obtained at temperatures of up to 120 °C, with an antioxidant activity only two times lower than that of pure gallic acid, but in low amounts. Assays at higher temperatures generated extracts richer in carbohydrates and with a phenolics content of ca. 20 wt.% in comparatively far higher amounts. Neither the amount of suberin nor its structure were affected by the subcritical water treatment.

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Konstantinovic, Sandra, Bojana Danilovic, Jovan Ciric, Slavica Ilic, Dragisa Savic, and Vlada Veljkovic. "Valorization of crude glycerol from biodiesel production." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 22, no. 4 (2016): 461–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq160303019k.

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The increased production of biodiesel as an alternative fuel involves the simultaneous growth in production of crude glycerol as its main by-product. Therefore, the feasibility and sustainability of biodiesel production requires the effective utilization of crude glycerol. This review describes various uses of crude glycerol as a potential green solvent for chemical reactions, a starting raw material for chemical and biochemical conversions into value-added chemicals, a substrate or co-substrate in microbial fermentations for synthesis of valuable chemicals and production of biogas and biohydrogen as well as a feedstuff for animal feed. A special attention is paid to various uses of crude glycerol in biodiesel production.

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Martins, Rita Beltrão, Nuno Jorge, Marco S. Lucas, Anabela Raymundo, Ana I. R. N. A. Barros, and José A. Peres. "Food By-Product Valorization by Using Plant-Based Coagulants Combined with AOPs for Agro-Industrial Wastewater Treatment." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 7 (March 31, 2022): 4134. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19074134.

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Re-using and adding value to by-products is one of the current focuses of the agri-food industry, following the Sustainable Development Goals of United Nations. In this work, the by-products of four plants, namely chestnut burr, acorn peel, olive leaf, and grape stem were used as coagulants to treat elderberry wastewater (EW), a problematic liquid effluent. EW pre-treatment using these natural coagulants showed promising results after pH and coagulant dosage optimization. However, the decrease in total organic carbon (TOC) was not significant, due to the addition of the plant-based natural coagulants which contain carbon content. After this pre-treatment, the photo-Fenton advanced oxidation process was selected, after preliminary assays, to improve the global performance of the EW treatment. Photo-Fenton was also optimized for the parameters of pH, H2O2, Fe2+, and irradiance power, and the best conditions were applied to the EW treatment. Under the best operational conditions defined in the parametric study, the combined results of coagulation–flocculation–decantation (CFD) and photo-Fenton for chestnut burr, acorn peel, olive leaf, and grape stem were, respectively, 90.2, 89.5, 91.5, and 88.7% for TOC removal; 88.7, 82.0, 90.2 and 93.1%, respectively, for turbidity removal; and finally, 40.6, 42.2, 45.3, and 39.1%, respectively, for TSS removal. As a final remark, it is possible to suggest that plant-based coagulants, combined with photo-Fenton, can be a promising strategy for EW treatment that simultaneously enables valorization by adding value back to food by-products.

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Angheluță, L. M., L. Ratoiu, A. I. Chelmus, R. Rădvan, and A. Petculescu. "INTEGRATED DIGITAL PLATFORM FOR THE VALORIZATION OF A CULTURAL LANDSCAPE." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W1 (May 16, 2017): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w1-389-2017.

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This paper presents a newly started demonstrative project regarding the implementation and validation of an interdisciplinary research model for the Aluniș-Bozioru (Romania) cultural landscape, with the development of an online interactive digital product. This digital product would provide complementary data about the historical monuments and their environment, and also, constant updates and statistical comparison in order to generate an accurate evaluation of the state of conservation for this specific cultural landscape. Furthermore, the resulted information will contribute in the decision making process for the regional development policies. The project is developed by an interdisciplinary joint team of researchers consisted of technical scientists with great experience in advanced non-invasive characterization of the cultural heritage (NIRD for Optoelectronics – INOE 2000) and a group of experts from geology and biology (Romanian Academy’s “Emil Racoviță” Institute of Speleology – ISER). Resulted scientific data will include: 3D digital models of the selected historical monuments, microclimate monitoring, Ground Penetrating Radar survey, airborne LIDAR, multispectral and thermal imaging, soil and rock characterization, environmental studies. This digital product is constituted by an intuitive website with a database that allows data corroboration, visualization and comparison of the 3D digital models, as well as a digital mapping in the GIS system.

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Luntraru, Cristina Mihaela, Livia Apostol, Oana Bianca Oprea, Mihaela Neagu, Adriana Florina Popescu, Justinian Andrei Tomescu, Mihaela Mulțescu, Iulia Elena Susman, and Liviu Gaceu. "Reclaim and Valorization of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) By-Product: Antioxidant Activity and Chemical Characterization." Foods 11, no. 3 (February 4, 2022): 462. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11030462.

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The by-product resulting from the production of the sea-buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) juice may be a functional food ingredient, being a valuable source of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols, flavonoids, minerals, and fatty acids. For checking this hypothesis, two extracts were obtained by two different methods using 50% ethyl alcohol solvent, namely through maceration–recirculation (E-SBM) and through ultrasound extraction (E-SBUS), followed by concentration. Next, sea-buckthorn waste (SB sample), extracts (E-SBM and E-SBUS samples) and the residues obtained from the extractions (R-SBM and R-SBUS samples) were characterized for the total polyphenols, flavonoid content, antioxidant capacity, mineral contents, and fatty acids profile. The results show that polyphenols and flavonoids were extracted better by the ultrasound process than the other methods. Additionally, the antioxidant activity of the E-SBUS sample was 91% higher (expressed in Trolox equivalents) and approximately 45% higher (expressed in Fe2+ equivalents) than that of the E-SBM sample. Regarding the extraction of minerals, it was found that both concentrated extracts had almost 25% of the RDI value of K and Mg, and also that the content of Zn, Mn, and Fe is significant. Additionally, it was found that the residues (R-SBM and R-SBUS) contain important quantities of Zn, Cu, Mn, Ca, and Fe. The general conclusion is that using the ultrasound extraction method, followed by a process of concentrating the extract, a superior recovery of sea-buckthorn by-product resulting from the juice extraction can be achieved.

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Kitrytė, Vaida, Vaida Kraujalienė, Vaida Šulniūtė, Audrius Pukalskas, and Petras Rimantas Venskutonis. "Chokeberry pomace valorization into food ingredients by enzyme-assisted extraction: Process optimization and product characterization." Food and Bioproducts Processing 105 (September 2017): 36–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbp.2017.06.001.

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Bartkiene, Elena, Vytaute Starkute, Egle Zokaityte, Dovile Klupsaite, Vadims Bartkevics, Gintare Zokaityte, Darius Cernauskas, Modestas Ruzauskas, Romas Ruibys, and Arturs Viksna. "Combined Thermomechanical–Biological Treatment for Corn By-Product Valorization into Added-Value Food (Feed) Material." Plants 11, no. 22 (November 14, 2022): 3080. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants11223080.

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The aim of this study was to apply the combined thermomechanical–biological treatment for corn processing by-product (CPBP) valorization to added-value food and feed material. The mechanical–thermal pre-treatment was performed by applying the extrusion technique. Extruded CPBPs (14, 16, and 18% moisture) were further biodegraded with Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-LUHS122 (Lpl), Liquorilactobacillus uvarum-LUHS245 (Lu), Lacticaseibacillus casei-LUHS210 (Lc), and Lacticaseibacillus paracasei-LUHS244 (Lpa). Acidity parameters, microbial characteristics, sugars concentration, amino and fatty acids profile, biogenic amines (BA), and antibacterial and antifungal properties of CPBP were analyzed. Fermented CPBP had a reduced count of mould/yeast. A significantly lower (p ≤ 0.05) count of total enterobacteria was found in most of the extruded–fermented CPBP. Fermentation of extruded CPBP (moisture of 16 and 18%) increased valine and methionine content. Cadaverine and spermidine were not found after treatment of CPBP, and the lowest content of BA was found in the extruded–fermented (Lpa, moisture 18%) CPBP. Applied treatment had a significant effect on most of the fatty acids. CPBP fermented with Lpl, Lu, and Lpa displayed inhibition properties against 3 of the 10 tested pathogenic/opportunistic bacterial strains. Extruded–fermented (Lu, Lc, and Lpa moisture of 14 and 18%) CPBP showed antifungal activity against Rhizopus. Extruded–fermented (14% moisture, Lpl) CPBP inhibited Rhizopus and Aspergillus fumigatus. In conclusion, combined treatment can improve certain parameters and properties of CPBP in order to produce safer and more nutritious ingredients for food and feed industries.

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Loutou, M., Y. Taha, M. Benzaazoua, Y. Daafi, and R. Hakkou. "Valorization of clay by-product from moroccan phosphate mines for the production of fired bricks." Journal of Cleaner Production 229 (August 2019): 169–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.05.003.

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García, Conrado, Gisela Montero, Marcos A. Coronado, Benjamín Valdez, Margarita Stoytcheva, Navor Rosas, Ricardo Torres, and Carlos A. Sagaste. "Valorization of Eucalyptus Leaves by Essential Oil Extraction as an Added Value Product in Mexico." Waste and Biomass Valorization 8, no. 4 (September 22, 2016): 1187–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12649-016-9695-x.

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Havasi, Dávid, György Pátzay, Gábor Stelén, József M. Tukacs, and László T. Mika. "Recycling of Sulfuric Acid in the Valorization of Biomass Residues." Periodica Polytechnica Chemical Engineering 61, no. 4 (September 20, 2017): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppch.11175.

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The biomass-based production of levulinic acid requires aqueous mineral acid as catalyst. In the present study, the possible reuse of sulfuric acid in the biomass conversion was investigated. The acid can either be reused after extracting the product or before extraction. The results show that both methods are applicable for producing levulinic acid while reducing the sulfuric acid demand of the process. Conversion of D-fructose showed similar results after five recycle steps in both post- and pre-extraction methods. The post-extraction method was successfully repeated four times with cooked tea leaves. The sulfuric acid applied for the conversion of a simulated household waste was successfully recycled eight times with pre-extraction plus once by post-extraction without significant change in the product formation.

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De Benedetti, Stefano, Valeria Girlando, Matias Pasquali, and Alessio Scarafoni. "Valorization of Okara by Enzymatic Production of Anti-Fungal Compounds for Plant Protection." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 11, 2021): 4858. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26164858.

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Okara is a soybean transformation agri-food by-product, the massive production of which currently poses severe disposal issues. However, its composition is rich in seed storage proteins, which, once extracted, can represent an interesting source of bioactive peptides. Antimicrobial and antifungal proteins and peptides have been described in plant seeds; thus, okara is a valuable source of compounds, exploitable for integrated pest management. The aim of this work is to describe a rapid and economic procedure to isolate proteins from okara, and to produce an enzymatic proteolyzed product, active against fungal plant pathogens. The procedure allowed the isolation and recovery of about 30% of okara total proteins. Several proteolytic enzymes were screened to identify the proper procedure to produce antifungal compounds. Antifungal activity of the protein digested for 24 h with pancreatin against Fusarium and R. solani mycelial growth and Pseudomonas spp was assessed. A dose-response inhibitory activity was established against fungi belonging to the Fusarium genus. The exploitation of okara to produce antifungal bioactive peptides has the potential to turn this by-product into a paradigmatic example of circular economy, since a field-derived food waste is transformed into a source of valuable compounds to be used in field crops protection.

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Lamb, Katie J., Ian D. V. Ingram, Michael North, and Mani Sengoden. "Valorization of Carbon Dioxide into Oxazolidinones by Reaction with Aziridines." Current Green Chemistry 6, no. 1 (April 19, 2019): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213346106666190321142328.

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The reduction of carbon dioxide has gained much attention due to increasing environmental concerns about global warming associated with carbon emissions from industrial effluents and public transport etc. In this regard, considerable attention has been devoted to the chemical conversion of carbon dioxide, and its incorporation into synthetic organic molecules under mild and “green” conditions. In recent years, significant effort has been dedicated to studying the fixation of carbon dioxide with aziridines to afford oxazolidinones, which is an environmental friendly and atom economical process. In this review, we discuss the efficiency of different catalytic systems, by comparing and analyzing each reaction parameter such as pressure, temperature, substrate scope and product selectivity.

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Han, Ah-Reum, Yun-Seo Kil, Min Jeong Hong, Jisu Park, Hyeon Hwa Park, Chang Hyun Jin, Joo-Won Nam, and Jin-Baek Kim. "Anti-Inflammatory Flavonolignans from Triticum aestivum Linn. Hull." Applied Sciences 10, no. 23 (December 4, 2020): 8656. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10238656.

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Wheat (Triticum aestivum Linn.; Poaceae) is a very common and important food grain and ranks second in total cereal crop production. A large amount of wheat hull is produced after threshing that, as the non-food part of wheat, is agro-waste, accounting for 15~20% of the wheat. This study aimed at biologically and phytochemically investigating wheat hull for its valorization as a by-product. In our ongoing search for natural product-derived anti-inflammatory agents, T. aestivum hull was evaluated for its nitric oxide (NO) production inhibition in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW 264.7 cells, and the phytochemical investigation of the ethyl acetate fraction showing inhibitory effect led to the isolation of a flavone (1) and seven flavonolignans (2–8). Compounds 2–8 have not yet been isolated from Triticum species. All compounds were evaluated for their LPS-induced NO production inhibition, and 1, 2, 4, 6, and 8 exhibited inhibitory effects with IC50 values ranging from 24.14 to 58.95 μM. These results suggest the potential of using T. aestivum hull as a source for producing anti-inflammatory components, enhancing its valorization as a by-product.

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Haryanto, Agus, Wahyu Hidayat, Udin Hasanudin, Dewi Agustina Iryani, Sangdo Kim, Sihyun Lee, and Jiho Yoo. "Valorization of Indonesian Wood Wastes through Pyrolysis: A Review." Energies 14, no. 5 (March 4, 2021): 1407. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14051407.

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The wood processing industry produces a significant amount of wood waste. Biomass valorization through pyrolysis has the potential to increase the added value of wood wastes. Pyrolysis is an important thermochemical process that can produce solid, liquid, and gas products. This paper aims to review the pyrolysis of wood wastes from Indonesia, including teak wood (Tectona grandis), meranti (Shorea sp.), sengon (Paraserianthes falcataria (L) Nielsen), and rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis). The review is based on an in-depth study of reliable literatures, statistical data from government agencies, and direct field observations. The results showed that pyrolysis could be a suitable process to increase the added value of wood waste. Currently, slow pyrolysis is the most feasible for Indonesia, with the main product of charcoal. The efficiency of the slow pyrolysis process can be increased by harvesting also liquid and gaseous products. The use of the main product of pyrolysis in the form of charcoal needs to be developed and diversified. Charcoal is not only used for fuel purposes but also as a potential soil improvement agent.

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Ningrum, Andriati, and Matthias Schreiner. "Review: Extensive Potentiality of Selected Tropical Fruits from Indonesia." Indonesian Food and Nutrition Progress 14, no. 2 (November 30, 2017): 85. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ifnp.28427.

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Indonesia has several biodiversities including tropical fruits. The consumption of tropical fruits is increasing as this source can be used as a healthy source of several bioactive compounds to prevent severalnon-communicable diseases. Tropical fruits are commonly used for the production of several food products e.g. juice, jams, jellies, cookies and other products. The utilization of by product of tropical fruits have not been developed and promoted. Although, several bioactive compounds are still present in tropical fruits by product. This concept called as avalorization of by product to increase the economical value of several by product. The purpose of this review isto promote several selected Indonesian tropical fruit and also to promote the potency of a by-product of tropical fruits in valorization concept.

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Cangussu, Lais B., Jean Carlos Melo, Adriana S. Franca, and Leandro S. Oliveira. "Chemical Characterization of Coffee Husks, a By-Product of Coffea arabica Production." Foods 10, no. 12 (December 16, 2021): 3125. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10123125.

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Coffee husks are a major by-product of coffee production and are currently being underutilized. The aim of this work was to chemically characterize coffee husks to allow for an adequate evaluation of their potential for valorization. Blanched and non-blanched coffee husks were characterized for extractable and non-extractable phenolics, caffeine, trigonelline content, and for their polysaccharide and proximal composition. The total, soluble and insoluble fiber contents were determined, together with the husks’ technological properties. Antioxidant activity and bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds of coffee husks were evaluated. Two types of husk were studied: one comprised mostly of outer skin and pulp (CH1); and other comprised mostly of parchment (CH2). Blanching had positive effects on non-extractable phenolics, chlorogenic acid and on the bioaccessibility of phenolics, promoting small reductions in extractable phenolics, protocathecuic acid, caffeine and trigonelline contents. Blanched CH1 presented more appropriate properties than CH2 for potential applications in food. It also presented better antioxidant, hydration, and oil holding properties than those of other agri-food by-products. Tentatively identified polysaccharides included galactomannans, arabinogalactans type II, pectin and cellulose.

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Wądrzyk, Mariusz, Łukasz Korzeniowski, Marek Plata, Rafał Janus, Marek Lewandowski, Grzegorz Borówka, and Przemysław Maziarka. "Solvothermal Liquefaction of Blackcurrant Pomace in the Water-Monohydroxy Alcohol Solvent System." Energies 16, no. 3 (January 19, 2023): 1127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16031127.

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Wet organic wastes are especially troublesome in valorization. Therefore, innovative solutions are still in demand to make valorization feasible. In this study, we tested a new transformation route of a blackcurrant pomace as a high-moisture industrial waste through a series of high-temperature and pressure solvothermal liquefaction experiments. The feedstock was directly converted under near-critical conditions of the binary solvent system (water/2-propanol). The goal was to examine the effect of conversion parameters (temperature, biomass-to-solvent ratio) on the change in the yield of resultant bioproducts, as well as the quality thereof. The experiments were conducted in a batch autoclave at a temperature between 250 and 300 °C. The main product of the transformation was liquid biocrude, which was obtained with the highest yield (ca. 52 wt.%) at 275 °C. The quality of biocrude was examined by ATR-FTIR, GC-MS, and elemental analysis. The ultimate biocrude was a viscous heterogeneous mixture containing various groups of components and exhibiting evident energy densification (ca. 145–153%) compared to the value of the feedstock. The proposed processing method is suitable for further development toward efficient valorization technology. More specifically, the co-solvent additive for liquefaction is beneficial not only for the enhancement of the yield of the desired product, i.e., biocrude, but also in terms of technological aspects (reduction of operational pressure and temperature).

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Fernandes, Alisha C., Bijoy Biswas, Jitendra Kumar, Thallada Bhaskar, and Usha D. Muraleedharan. "Valorization of the red macroalga Gracilaria corticata by hydrothermal liquefaction: Product yield improvement by optimization of process parameters." Bioresource Technology Reports 15 (September 2021): 100796. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biteb.2021.100796.

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Chitrakar, Bimal, Min Zhang, Sakamon Devahastin, Benu Adhikari, and Xiaohu Zhang. "Valorization of Asparagus leafy by-product by ionic-liquid extraction and characterization of bioactive compounds in the extracts." Food Bioscience 46 (April 2022): 101600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2022.101600.

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Robazza, Alberto, Claudia Welter, Christin Kubisch, Flávio César Freire Baleeiro, Katrin Ochsenreither, and Anke Neumann. "Co-Fermenting Pyrolysis Aqueous Condensate and Pyrolysis Syngas with Anaerobic Microbial Communities Enables L-Malate Production in a Secondary Fermentative Stage." Fermentation 8, no. 10 (October 4, 2022): 512. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8100512.

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The pyrolytic conversion of lignocellulosic biomass into fuels and chemicals is a promising option for the valorization of agricultural and forestry residues. However, technological developments are still needed to maximize product recovery and carbon fixation of the pyrolysis process. The pyrolysis aqueous condensate (PAC), a pyrolysis by-product, has a high water content and is highly toxic, hampering its use. The anaerobic digestion of PAC from different biomasses has been proven a viable technology for PAC valorization and detoxification, but its toxicity limits the methanogenic potential. Alternatively, methanation or VFA production from syngas by anaerobic mixed cultures are technologies of scientific interest. This study investigates the potential of a two-stage process to convert the carbon and energy in syngas and PAC into L-malate. PAC and syngas were co-fermented by two mixed cultures at 37 and 55 °C, identifying kinetic inhibitions and the effects of increasing PAC concentrations on the product pool. The media from selected mixed culture fermentations were then inoculated with Aspergillus oryzae for L-malate production. The results show that mixed cultures can perform simultaneous syngas fermentation and PAC detoxification. While PAC concentrations above 2% completely inhibited methanogenesis, CO consumption was inhibited at PAC concentrations above 5%, regardless of the temperature. In fermentations where PAC inhibited methanation, the mixed cultures channelled the carbon and electrons from syngas and PAC to volatile fatty acids or acetate/H2 production, depending on the incubation temperature. Substantial detoxification of PAC was observed under PAC concentrations up to 10% independently of the rates of syngas metabolism. PAC detoxification enabled the further valorization of the acetate produced via syngas and PAC fermentations into L-malate, achieving yields up to 0.17 mM/mM. These results are promising for the development of an integrated process that simultaneously detoxifies and recovers value from gaseous and aqueous waste streams originating from pyrolysis.

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Ripoll, Magdalena, Nicolás Soriano, Sofía Ibarburu, Malena Dalies, Ana Paula Mulet, and Lorena Betancor. "Bacteria-Polymer Composite Material for Glycerol Valorization." Polymers 15, no. 11 (May 30, 2023): 2514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15112514.

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Bacterial immobilization is regarded as an enabling technology to improve the stability and reusability of biocatalysts. Natural polymers are often used as immobilization matrices but present certain drawbacks, such as biocatalyst leakage and loss of physical integrity upon utilization in bioprocesses. Herein, we prepared a hybrid polymeric matrix that included silica nanoparticles for the unprecedented immobilization of the industrially relevant Gluconobacter frateurii (Gfr). This biocatalyst can valorize glycerol, an abundant by-product of the biodiesel industry, into glyceric acid (GA) and dihydroxyacetone (DHA). Different concentrations of siliceous nanosized materials, such as biomimetic Si nanoparticles (SiNps) and montmorillonite (MT), were added to alginate. These hybrid materials were significantly more resistant by texture analysis and presented a more compact structure as seen by scanning electron microscopy. The preparation including 4% alginate with 4% SiNps proved to be the most resistant material, with a homogeneous distribution of the biocatalyst in the beads as seen by confocal microscopy using a fluorescent mutant of Gfr. It produced the highest amounts of GA and DHA and could be reused for up to eight consecutive 24 h reactions with no loss of physical integrity and negligible bacterial leakage. Overall, our results indicate a new approach to generating biocatalysts using hybrid biopolymer supports.

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Hinton, Zachary R., Michael R. Talley, Pavel A. Kots, Anne V. Le, Tan Zhang, Michael E. Mackay, Aditya M. Kunjapur, et al. "Innovations Toward the Valorization of Plastics Waste." Annual Review of Materials Research 52, no. 1 (July 1, 2022): 249–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-matsci-081320-032344.

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Plastics are an extremely important class of materials that are prevalent in all facets of society; however, their widespread use over time, combined with limited end-of-life strategies, has led to increasing levels of waste accumulation. Although currently considered a burden, plastics waste is potentially an untapped feedstock for numerous chemical and manufacturing processes. In this review, we discuss the state of the art of approaches for valorization of plastics waste from a materials research perspective, including previous efforts to utilize plastics waste and recent innovations that have opportunities to add significant value. Although additional progress is necessary, we present several diverse capabilities and strategies for valorization that, when brought together, address end-of-life challenges for plastics at every stage of design and product consumption. In short, a materials research–based framework offers a unique perspective to address the urgent issues posed by plastics, unlocking the potential of polymers and plastics waste.

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