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Статті в журналах з теми "Canine Influenza Virus"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 7 червня 2025

Оновлено: 2 серпня 2025

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1

Joly, C. "Canine influenza virus." Veterinary Record 157, no. 17 (2005): 527. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.157.17.527.

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2

Smith, K. C., J. M. Daly, A. S. Blunden, and C. J. Laurence. "Canine influenza virus." Veterinary Record 157, no. 19 (2005): 599. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.157.19.599-a.

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3

AYDIN, HAKAN, AKIN KIRBAS, MEHMET OZKAN TIMURKAN, MUSTAFA SINAN AKTAS, GULIZAR ACAR KIRMIZI, and OMER AYDIN. "Serological evidence of canine influenza virus infection in shelter dogs in Turkey." Medycyna Weterynaryjna 74, no. 6 (2018): 5986–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21521/mw.5986.

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Анотація:

Influenza virus infection is an important disease which occurs in humans and a variety of animals. Because of the wide host adaptation and segmented genome, there is always the possibility of mutations and interspecies transmission of the influenza virus. Our study is the first to draw attention to canine influenza infection in Turkey. For this purpose, 208 sera and swab samples were collected from dogs with respiratory and nonrespiratory signs in various seasons. Out of the 208 dogs, 94 (45.2%) were male and 114 (54.8%) were female; the average age was 4.7 years. A total of 208 sera samples w

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4

Song, D. S., D. J. An, H. J. Moon, et al. "Interspecies transmission of the canine influenza H3N2 virus to domestic cats in South Korea, 2010." Journal of General Virology 92, no. 10 (2011): 2350–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.033522-0.

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In the past 4 years, incidences of endemic or epidemic respiratory diseases associated with canine influenza H3N2 virus in Asian dogs have been reported in countries such as South Korea and China. Canine species were considered to be the new natural hosts for this virus. However, at the beginning of 2010, influenza-like respiratory signs, such as dyspnoea, were also observed among cats as well as in dogs in an animal shelter located in Seoul, South Korea. The affected cats showed 100 % morbidity and 40 % mortality. We were able to isolate a virus from a lung specimen of a dead cat, which had s

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5

Posuwan, Nawarat, Sunchai Payungporn, Aunyaratana Thontiravong, Pravina Kitikoon, Alongkorn Amonsin, and Yong Poovorawan. "Prevalence of respiratory viruses isolated from dogs in Thailand during 2008-2009." Asian Biomedicine 4, no. 4 (2010): 563–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/abm-2010-0071.

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Abstract Background: A highly contagious respiratory disease in canines is infectious tracheobronchitis or kennel cough characterized by inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The cause of kennel cough has been associated with multiple or complex agents such as canine adeno virus (CAV), canine influenza virus (CIV), canine distemper virus (CDV), and canine para influenzavirus (CPIV). Objective: Study the prevalence of canine respiratory viruses detected from in Thailand during 2008-2009. Methods: Nasal swab samples collected from 102 healthy dogs and 109 dogs with respiratory diseases. T

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6

Hoffman, Stacey B. "Canine influenza virus: An emerging disease." Advances in Small Animal Medicine and Surgery 20, no. 2 (2007): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.asams.2007.02.001.

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7

Zheng, Yun, Xiangqi Hao, Qingxu Zheng, et al. "Canine Influenza Virus is Mildly Restricted by Canine Tetherin Protein." Viruses 10, no. 10 (2018): 565. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v10100565.

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Tetherin (BST2/CD317/HM1.24) has emerged as a key host-cell ·defence molecule that acts by inhibiting the release and spread of diverse enveloped virions from infected cells. We analysed the biological features of canine tetherin and found it to be an unstable hydrophilic type I transmembrane protein with one transmembrane domain, no signal peptide, and multiple glycosylation and phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, the tissue expression profile of canine tetherin revealed that it was particularly abundant in immune organs. The canine tetherin gene contains an interferon response element sequen

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8

Sen, Soumitra, Md Siddiqur Rahman, Minakshi Nag, Mohummad Muklesur Rahman, Roma Rani Sarker, and SM Lutful Kabir. "Prevalence of canine parvo virus and canine influenza virus infection in dogs in Dhaka, Mymensingh, Feni and Chittagong districts of Bangladesh." Asian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 2, no. 1 (2016): 138–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/ajmbr.v2i1.27579.

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Canine parvovirus (CPV) and canine influenza virus (CIV) are highly contagious virus infecting members of the canine family including dogs, coyotes, foxes and wolves. The research work was carried out to determine the prevalence of CPV and CIV in dogs (stray and pet dogs) in Dhaka, Mymensingh, Feni and Chittagong Districts by using Rapigen CPV and CIV Ag test kit. Fecal samples were collected from 50 dogs of different age and sex from different spots of Dhaka and Chittagong District. Nasal fluid samples were collected from 50 dogs of different age and sex from different spots. The samples were

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9

Song, Daesub, Hyoung-Joon Moon, Dong-Jun An, et al. "A novel reassortant canine H3N1 influenza virus between pandemic H1N1 and canine H3N2 influenza viruses in Korea." Journal of General Virology 93, no. 3 (2012): 551–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.037739-0.

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Анотація:

During recent canine influenza surveillance in South Korea, a novel H3N1 canine influenza virus (CIV) that is a putative reassortant between pandemic H1N1 2009 and H3N2 CIVs was isolated. Genetic analysis of eight genes of the influenza virus revealed that the novel H3N1 isolate presented high similarities (99.1–99.9 %) to pandemic influenza H1N1, except for in the haemagglutinin (HA) gene. The HA gene nucleotide sequence of the novel CIV H3N1 was similar (99.6 %) to that of CIV H3N2 isolated in Korea and China. Dogs infected with the novel H3N1 CIV did not show any notable symptoms, in contra

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10

Ramadhan, Puji Sari, Ardianto Pranata, Astri Syahputri, Sobirin Sobirin, and Rizky Ananda. "Sistem Pakar Dalam Mendiagnosa Penyakit Canine Influenza Pada Hewan Anjing Jenis Pomerania Dengan Menggunakan Metode Teorema Bayes." Jurnal SAINTIKOM (Jurnal Sains Manajemen Informatika dan Komputer) 22, no. 2 (2023): 319. http://dx.doi.org/10.53513/jis.v22i2.7962.

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Анотація:

Penyakit Influenza pada hewan merupakan salah satu penyakit zoonosis yang berpotensi mengakibatkan dampak buruk bagi kesehatan manusia maupun hewan. Virus ini menyebar pada anjing dan beradaptasi sehingga dapat dengan mudah menular pada anjing. Kemudian virus ini dikenal sebagai virus H3N8 yang spesifik terhadap anjing. Dengan masalah tersebut maka di buatlah sistem pakar mendiagnosa penyakit pada canine influenza pada hewan anjing jenis pomerania dengan tujuan untuk membantu dalam mendiagnosa pada penyakit canine influenza. Sistem pakar merupakan sebuah sistem aplikasi yang memiliki kemampuan

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11

Xie, Xing, Ke Ma, and Yongjie Liu. "Influenza A virus infection in dogs: Epizootiology, evolution and prevention — A review." Acta Veterinaria Hungarica 64, no. 1 (2016): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/004.2016.014.

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Анотація:

Canine influenza virus (CIV) is an enveloped virus belonging to the genus Influenza virus A within the family Orthomyxoviridae. Prior to 2004, only sporadic outbreaks of canine influenza had been observed in dog populations around the world. However, in 2004 an H3N8 influenza virus of equine origin caused severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds in Florida; subsequently, cases of dogs affected with various subtypes of CIV have been reported in many countries. Here, we performed a structured review of CIV, including its emergence, evolution and epizootiology. Although CIV causes a diseas

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12

Yang, Xiao Hua, Xiao Feng Wei, Jian Hua Hu, Xiong Wei Liu, and Shao Jin Chen. "Epidemiological Investigation of Influenza a Viruses in Laboratory Swine and Dogs in Shanghai." Advanced Materials Research 393-395 (November 2011): 733–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.393-395.733.

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Swine and canine influenza, which is acute viral respiratory infectious disease, can do great threat to the health of people and animals. What’s more, swine as an intermediate host for the transmission of avian influenza viruses to humans, it’s very important to supervise the epidemiological situation of swine inﬂuenza virus (SIV) infections all over the world. The major aim of this paper was to investigate the epidemiological situation of influenza A viruses in laboratory swine and dogs in shanghai and surrounding area from January 2010 to March 2011. There were 109 throat swabs collected fro

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13

Rodriguez, Laura, Aitor Nogales, Emma C. Reilly, et al. "A live-attenuated influenza vaccine for H3N2 canine influenza virus." Virology 504 (April 2017): 96–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.virol.2017.01.020.

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14

Tao, Pan, Zhangyong Ning, Pei Zhou, et al. "H3N2 canine influenza virus NS1 protein inhibits canine NLRP3 inflammasome activation." Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 252 (October 2022): 110483. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2022.110483.

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15

Suphaphiphat, Pirada, Bjoern Keiner, Heidi Trusheim, et al. "Human RNA Polymerase I-Driven Reverse Genetics for Influenza A Virus in Canine Cells." Journal of Virology 84, no. 7 (2010): 3721–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01925-09.

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ABSTRACT We have established a human RNA polymerase I (pol I)-driven influenza virus reverse genetics (RG) system in the Madin-Darby canine kidney 33016-PF cell line, which is approved for influenza vaccine manufacture. RNA pol I polymerases are generally active only in cells of species closely related to the species of origin of the polymerases. Nevertheless, we show that a nonendogenous RNA pol I promoter drives efficient rescue of influenza A viruses in a canine cell line. Application of this system allows efficient generation of virus strains and presents an alternative approach for influe

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16

Hwang, Jaehyun, Sun-Woo Yoon, Eulhae Ga, et al. "Development of Live Vaccine Candidates for Canine Influenza H3N2 Using Naturally Truncated NS1 Gene." Transboundary and Emerging Diseases 2024 (March 22, 2024): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4335836.

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The NS1 influenza protein of influenza A virus is a viral nonstructural protein encoded by the NS gene segment that has multiple accessory functions during viral infection. In recent years, the major role ascribed to NS1 has been its inhibition of host immune responses, especially the limitation of both interferon (IFN) production and the antiviral effects of IFN-induced protein. We isolated an equine influenza virus with a naturally truncated NS1 gene in our previous study. In this current research, we inserted this partially truncated NS gene into the H3N2 canine influenza virus using revers

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17

Plata-Hipólito, Claudia B., Sibilina Cedillo-Rosales, Nelson Obregón-Macías, et al. "Genetic and serologic surveillance of canine (CIV) and equine (EIV) influenza virus in Nuevo León State, México." PeerJ 7 (December 17, 2019): e8239. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.8239.

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Background Despite the uncontrolled distribution of the Influenza A virus through wild birds, the detection of canine influenza virus and equine influenza virus in Mexico was absent until now. Recently, outbreaks of equine and canine influenza have been reported around the world; the virus spreads quickly among animals and there is potential for zoonotic transmission. Methods Amplification of the Influenza A virus matrix gene from necropsies, nasal and conjunctival swabs from trash service horses and pets/stray dogs was performed through RT-PCR. The seroprevalence was carried out through Sandw

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18

Newton, R., A. Cooke, D. Elton, et al. "Canine influenza virus: cross-species transmission from horses." Veterinary Record 161, no. 4 (2007): 142–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.161.4.142-a.

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19

Watson, C. E., C. Bell, and K. Toohey-Kurth. "H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus Infection in a Dog." Veterinary Pathology 54, no. 3 (2016): 527–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985816681411.

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20

Zhou, Hu, Haoqi Li, Xuehan Sun, et al. "Rapid diagnosis of canine respiratory coronavirus, canine influenza virus, canine distemper virus and canine parainfluenza virus with a Taqman probe-based multiplex real-time PCR." Journal of Virological Methods 328 (July 2024): 114960. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jviromet.2024.114960.

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21

Gibbs, E. Paul J., and Tara C. Anderson. "Equine and canine influenza: a review of current events." Animal Health Research Reviews 11, no. 1 (2010): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1466252310000046.

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AbstractIn the past decade, the pandemics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 and the novel H1N1 influenza have both illustrated the potential of influenza viruses to rapidly emerge and spread widely in animals and people. Since both of these viruses are zoonotic, these pandemics have been the driving force behind a renewed commitment by the medical and veterinary professions to practice One World, One Health for the control of infectious diseases. The discovery in 2004 that an equine origin H3N8 influenza virus was the cause of an extensive epidemic of respiratory disease in dogs in the

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22

Molesan, Alex, Laura Goodman, Jordan Ford, Samantha J. Lovering, and Kathleen Kelly. "The Causes of Canine Myocarditis and Myocardial Fibrosis Are Elusive by Targeted Molecular Testing: Retrospective Analysis and Literature Review." Veterinary Pathology 56, no. 5 (2019): 761–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985819839241.

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Myocarditis can cause death or permanent heart damage. As epidemiologic and etiopathologic data for canine myocarditis are lacking, we performed a retrospective study using nucleic acid extracted from archived (2007 to 2015) tissues from myocarditis cases and control dogs without myocardial lesions. Heart tissue from pediatric/juvenile and adult dogs was tested with a comprehensive panel of conventional and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays targeting recognized agents of canine myocarditis based on a literature review and informed by the comparative epidemiology of human myocard

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23

Kim, Jae-Hyeong, Dong-Hwi Kim, Kyu-Beom Lim, et al. "Antiviral effects of heme oxygenase-1 against canine coronavirus and canine influenza virus in vitro." Journal of Microbiology 63, no. 5 (2025): e2501029. https://doi.org/10.71150/jm.2501029.

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Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Emerging evidence shows that HO-1 also exhibits antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and Ebola virus. Its antiviral effects are mediated not only by its enzymatic function but also through the modulation of interferon-related pathways, thereby inhibiting viral replication. In this study, we investigated the antiviral effects of HO-1 on canine coronavirus (CCoV) and canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 using cell-based as

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24

Lee, Sang-Yeon, Sung-Hwa Sohn, Hye-Lim Park, and Jae-Hwan Nam. "Forskolin increases propagation of influenza virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney cells (VAC5P.1118)." Journal of Immunology 194, no. 1_Supplement (2015): 73.3. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.73.3.

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Abstract Influenza virus is a pathogenic negative-sense RNA virus belonging to the Orthomyxoviridae, which causes severe respiratory illness worldwide. A vaccine against the influenza virus is the best way to control the spread of influenza. Recently, a cell-based influenza vaccine was developed to overcome the disadvantages of egg-based vaccines. Here, we investigated whether forskolin, an adenylyl cyclase activator, could increase the output of the cell-based influenza vaccine. We found that forskolin increased the propagation of three influenza virus subtypes, A/H1N1/California/4/09, A/H3N2

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25

Zhao, Jin, Wanting He, Meng Lu, Haijian He, and Alexander Lai. "Emergence and Characterization of a Novel Reassortant Canine Influenza Virus Isolated from Cats." Pathogens 10, no. 10 (2021): 1320. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pathogens10101320.

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Cats are susceptible to a wide range of influenza A viruses (IAV). Furthermore, cats can serve as an intermediate host, and transfer avian influenza virus (AIV) H7N2 to a veterinarian. In this report, a novel reassortant influenza virus, designated A/feline/Jiangsu/HWT/2017 (H3N2), and abbreviated as FIV-HWT-2017, was isolated from nasal swab of a symptomatic cat in Jiangsu province, China. Sequence analysis indicated that, whilst the other seven genes were most similar to the avian-origin canine influenza viruses (CIV H3N2) isolated in China, the NS gene was more closely related to the circul

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26

Rimmelzwaan, Guus F., Marianne M. J. W. Baars, Pim de Lijster, Ron A. M. Fouchier, and Albert D. M. E. Osterhaus. "Inhibition of Influenza Virus Replication by Nitric Oxide." Journal of Virology 73, no. 10 (1999): 8880–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.73.10.8880-8883.1999.

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ABSTRACT Nitric oxide (NO) has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of influenza virus-induced pneumonia in mouse models. Here we show that replication of influenza A and B viruses in Mabin Darby canine kidney cells is severely impaired by the NO donor,S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine. Reduction of productively infected cells and virus production proved to correlate with inhibition of viral RNA synthesis, indicating that NO affects an early step in the replication cycle of influenza viruses.

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27

Larson, Laurie J., Jamie Henningson, Patricia Sharp, et al. "Efficacy of the Canine Influenza Virus H3N8 Vaccine To Decrease Severity of Clinical Disease after Cochallenge with Canine Influenza Virus and Streptococcus equi subsp. zooepidemicus." Clinical and Vaccine Immunology 18, no. 4 (2011): 559–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/cvi.00500-10.

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ABSTRACTSince first emerging in the North American canine population in 2004, canine influenza virus (CIV) subtype H3N8 has shown horizontal transmission among dogs, with a high level of adaptation to this species. The severity of disease is variable, and coinfection by other respiratory pathogens is an important factor in the degree of morbidity and mortality. The first influenza vaccine for dogs, an inactivated vaccine containing CIV subtype H3N8, was conditionally approved by the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) for licensure in May 2009 and fully licensed in June 2010. This study eval

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28

Zhu, Henan, Joseph Hughes, and Pablo R. Murcia. "Origins and Evolutionary Dynamics of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus." Journal of Virology 89, no. 10 (2015): 5406–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03395-14.

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Анотація:

ABSTRACTInfluenza A viruses (IAVs) are maintained mainly in wild birds, and despite frequent spillover infections of avian IAVs into mammals, only a small number of viruses have become established in mammalian hosts. A new H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) of avian origin emerged in Asia in the mid-2000s and is now circulating in dog populations of China and South Korea, and possibly in Thailand. The emergence of CIV provides new opportunities for zoonotic infections and interspecies transmission. We examined 14,764 complete IAV genomes together with all CIV genomes publicly available since it

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29

Voorhees, Ian E. H., Amy L. Glaser, Kathy Toohey-Kurth, et al. "Spread of Canine Influenza A(H3N2) Virus, United States." Emerging Infectious Diseases 23, no. 12 (2017): 1950–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.3201/eid2312.170246.

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30

Castleman, W. L., J. R. Powe, P. C. Crawford, et al. "Canine H3N8 Influenza Virus Infection in Dogs and Mice." Veterinary Pathology 47, no. 3 (2010): 507–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0300985810363718.

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31

Jirjis, Faris F., Muralidhar S. Deshpande, Anna L. Tubbs, Huchappa Jayappa, Nallakannu Lakshmanan, and Terri L. Wasmoen. "Transmission of canine influenza virus (H3N8) among susceptible dogs." Veterinary Microbiology 144, no. 3-4 (2010): 303–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2010.02.029.

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32

Lee, Y.-N., D.-H. Lee, H.-J. J. Lee, et al. "Evidence of H3N2 canine influenza virus infection before 2007." Veterinary Record 171, no. 19 (2012): 477.1–477. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.100718.

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33

Omoniwa, D. O., C. N. Chinyere, E. R. Agusi, et al. "Serological and molecular investigation of canine influenza virus in Plateau State, Nigeria." Sokoto Journal of Veterinary Sciences 20, no. 3 (2022): 212–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/sokjvs.v20i3.8.

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Анотація:

Canine influenza is a highly contagious respiratory infection of dogs caused by the Influenza A Virus (IAV), characterized by cough, sneeze, nasal secretions, and inappetence. Infections can be mild, severe or fatal. Aquatic birds constitute a natural reservoir for IAV, which is transmitted to terrestrial birds, including poultry. IAV has also emerged in other mammalian species, including humans, swine, horses, and dogs. IAV epidemics in dogs are a recent development. Commonly detected Canine Influenza Virus (CIV) strains are A/H3N2 and A/H3N8 from avian and equine influenza, respectively. Nig

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34

Parrish, Colin R., Pablo R. Murcia, and Edward C. Holmes. "Influenza Virus Reservoirs and Intermediate Hosts: Dogs, Horses, and New Possibilities for Influenza Virus Exposure of Humans." Journal of Virology 89, no. 6 (2014): 2990–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.03146-14.

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Influenza A virus (IAV) infections in hosts outside the main aquatic bird reservoirs occur periodically. Although most such cross-species transmission events result in limited onward transmission in the new host, sustained influenza outbreaks have occurred in poultry and in a number of mammalian species, including humans, pigs, horses, seals, and mink. Recently, two distinct strains of IAV have emerged in domestic dogs, with each circulating widely for several years. Here, we briefly outline what is known about the role of intermediate hosts in influenza emergence, summarize our knowledge of t

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35

Lee, Dong-Hun, Sang-Woo Bae, Jae-Keun Park, et al. "Virus-like particle vaccine protects against H3N2 canine influenza virus in dog." Vaccine 31, no. 32 (2013): 3268–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2013.05.023.

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36

Li, Yuanguo, Xinghai Zhang, Yuxiu Liu, et al. "Characterization of Canine Influenza Virus A (H3N2) Circulating in Dogs in China from 2016 to 2018." Viruses 13, no. 11 (2021): 2279. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13112279.

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Анотація:

Avian H3N2 influenza virus follows cross-host transmission and has spread among dogs in Asia since 2005. After 2015–2016, a new H3N2 subtype canine influenza epidemic occurred in dogs in North America and Asia. The disease prevalence was assessed by virological and serological surveillance in dogs in China. Herein, five H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) strains were isolated from 1185 Chinese canine respiratory disease samples in 2017–2018; these strains were on the evolutionary branch of the North American CIVs after 2016 and genetically far from the classical canine H3N2 strain discovered in

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Feng, Kurtis H., Gaelle Gonzalez, Lingquan Deng, et al. "Equine and Canine Influenza H3N8 Viruses Show Minimal Biological Differences Despite Phylogenetic Divergence." Journal of Virology 89, no. 13 (2015): 6860–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.00521-15.

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ABSTRACTThe A/H3N8 canine influenza virus (CIV) emerged from A/H3N8 equine influenza virus (EIV) around the year 2000 through the transfer of a single virus from horses to dogs. We defined and compared the biological properties of EIV and CIV by examining their genetic variation, infection, and growth in different cell cultures, receptor specificity, hemagglutinin (HA) cleavage, and infection and growth in horse and dog tracheal explant cultures. Comparison of sequences of viruses from horses and dogs revealed mutations that may be linked to host adaptation and tropism. We prepared infectious

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38

Takeuchi, Toshifumi, Nongluk Sriwilaijaroen, Ayako Sakuraba, et al. "Design, Synthesis, and Biological Evaluation of EdAP, a 4′-Ethynyl-2′-Deoxyadenosine 5′-Monophosphate Analog, as a Potent Influenza a Inhibitor." Molecules 24, no. 14 (2019): 2603. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules24142603.

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Influenza A viruses leading to infectious respiratory diseases cause seasonal epidemics and sometimes periodic global pandemics. Viral polymerase is an attractive target in inhibiting viral replication, and 4′-ethynyladenosine, which has been reported as a highly potent anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) nucleoside derivative, can work as an anti-influenza agent. Herein, we designed and synthesized a 4′-ethynyl-2′-deoxyadenosine 5′-monophosphate analog called EdAP (5). EdAP exhibited potent inhibition against influenza virus multiplication in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells transfe

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39

Ashton, Laura V., Robert L. Callan, Sangeeta Rao, and Gabriele A. Landolt. "In VitroSusceptibility of Canine Influenza A (H3N8) Virus to Nitazoxanide and Tizoxanide." Veterinary Medicine International 2010 (2010): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/891010.

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Infection of dogs with canine influenza virus (CIV) is considered widespread throughout the United States following the first isolation of CIV in 2004. While vaccination against influenza A infection is a common and important practice for disease control, antiviral therapy can serve as a valuable adjunct in controlling the impact of the disease. In this study, we examined the antiviral activity of nitazoxanide (NTZ) and tizoxanide (TIZ) against three CIV isolatesin vitro. NTZ and TIZ inhibited virus replication of all CIVs with 50% and 90% inhibitory concentrations ranging from 0.17 to 0.21 μM

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40

Xie, Xing, Maoda Pang, Shan Liang, et al. "Cellular microRNAs influence replication of H3N2 canine influenza virus in infected cells." Veterinary Microbiology 257 (June 2021): 109083. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2021.109083.

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41

ZENG, X. J., Y. LIN, Y. B. ZHAO, C. P. LU, and Y. J. LIU. "Experimental infection of dogs with H3N2 canine influenza virus from China." Epidemiology and Infection 141, no. 12 (2013): 2595–603. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0950268813000472.

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SUMMARYCanine influenza virus (CIV) is an emerging pathogen that causes acute respiratory disease in dogs. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathogenicity of A/canine/Jiangsu/06/2010 (H3N2) virus isolated in China. Nine dogs were inoculated intranasally with 107·95 of 50% egg infectious dose (EID50) of the virus. The onset of clinical signs and virus shedding was observed on day 1 post-infection (p.i.). The peak clinical score occurred between days 4 and 6 p.i. The experimentally infected dogs were found to shed virus not only via the respiratory tract but also via the digestive tra

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42

Tennant, Bryn. "Small Animal Review." Companion Animal 25, no. 1 (2020): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/coan.2019.0065.

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Summary: Canine influenza virus (CIV) H3N2 is a highly transmissible virus with the potential to cause significant respiratory disease in dogs, and occasionally death. Sources of the virus are predominantly rescue dogs imported from endemic regions e.g. Asia. Outbreaks have major economic implications for kennels and veterinary practices.

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Wang, Zhen, Shaotang Ye, Congwen Yao, et al. "Antiviral Activity of Canine RIG-I against Canine Influenza Virus and Interactions between Canine RIG-I and CIV." Viruses 13, no. 10 (2021): 2048. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13102048.

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RIG-I functions as a virus sensor that induces a cellular antiviral response. Although it has been investigated in other species, there have been no further studies to date on canine RIG-I against canine influenza virus (CIV). In the present study, we cloned the RIG-I gene of beagle dogs and characterized its expression, subcellular localization, antiviral response, and interactions with CIV proteins. RIG-I was highly expressed and mainly localized in the cytoplasm, with low levels detected in the nucleus. The results revealed that overexpression of the CARD domain of RIG-I and knockdown of RI

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AN, Dong-Jun, Hye-Young JEOUNG, Wooseog JEONG, et al. "A Serological Survey of Canine Respiratory Coronavirus and Canine Influenza Virus in Korean Dogs." Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 72, no. 9 (2010): 1217–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1292/jvms.10-0067.

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45

Frymus, Tadeusz, Sándor Belák, Herman Egberink, et al. "Influenza Virus Infections in Cats." Viruses 13, no. 8 (2021): 1435. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/v13081435.

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In the past, cats were considered resistant to influenza. Today, we know that they are susceptible to some influenza A viruses (IAVs) originating in other species. Usually, the outcome is only subclinical infection or a mild fever. However, outbreaks of feline disease caused by canine H3N2 IAV with fever, tachypnoea, sneezing, coughing, dyspnoea and lethargy are occasionally noted in shelters. In one such outbreak, the morbidity rate was 100% and the mortality rate was 40%. Recently, avian H7N2 IAV infection occurred in cats in some shelters in the USA, inducing mostly mild respiratory disease

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46

Guan, Lizheng, Jihui Ping, Tiago J. S. Lopes, et al. "Development of an Enhanced High-Yield Influenza Vaccine Backbone in Embryonated Chicken Eggs." Vaccines 11, no. 8 (2023): 1364. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/vaccines11081364.

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Vaccination is an efficient approach to preventing influenza virus infections. Recently, we developed influenza A and B virus vaccine backbones that increased the yield of several vaccine viruses in Madin–Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and African green monkey kidney (Vero) cells. These vaccine backbones also increased viral replication in embryonated chicken eggs, which are the most frequently used platform for influenza vaccine manufacturing. In this study, to further increase the viral titers in embryonated chicken eggs, we introduced random mutations into the ‘internal genes’ (i.e., all influe

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Hui, Eric Ka-Wai, Ee Ming Yap, Dong Sung An, Irvin S. Y. Chen, and Debi P. Nayak. "Inhibition of influenza virus matrix (M1) protein expression and virus replication by U6 promoter-driven and lentivirus-mediated delivery of siRNA." Journal of General Virology 85, no. 7 (2004): 1877–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/vir.0.79906-0.

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Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-induced RNA degradation has been used recently as an antivirus agent to inhibit specific virus replication. This report shows that 21 nt duplexes of siRNA of the influenza virus M gene can cause specific inhibition of influenza virus matrix (M1) protein expression in transfected 293T cells. Furthermore, it is shown that a lentivirus vector can be used to effectively deliver M gene siRNAs into Madin–Darby canine kidney cells and can cause specific inhibition of M1 protein expression and influenza virus replication. Therefore, lentivirus-mediated delivery of siRNA a

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48

Hayward, Jessica J., Edward J. Dubovi, Janet M. Scarlett, Stephanie Janeczko, Edward C. Holmes, and Colin R. Parrish. "Microevolution of Canine Influenza Virus in Shelters and Its Molecular Epidemiology in the United States." Journal of Virology 84, no. 24 (2010): 12636–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.01350-10.

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ABSTRACT Canine influenza virus (CIV) emerged around 2000 when an equine influenza virus (EIV) was transmitted to dogs in Florida. After 2003, the canine virus was carried by infected greyhounds to various parts of the United States and then became established in several large animal shelters, where it has continued to circulate. To better understand the evolution of CIV since its emergence, and particularly its microevolution in spatially restricted populations, we examined multiple gene segments of CIV from dogs resident in two large animal shelters in New York City during the period 2006 to

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SUZUKI, Takashi, Ayako SOMETANI, Yasuhiro YAMAZAKI, et al. "Sulphatide binds to human and animal influenza A viruses, and inhibits the viral infection." Biochemical Journal 318, no. 2 (1996): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj3180389.

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We found, by using a virus overlay assay, that influenza A virus isolates bind to sulphatide (HSO3-Galβ1 → 1´Cer), which has no sialic acid residue, and that the infection of Madin–Darby canine kidney cells with the human influenza virus A/Memphis/1/71 (H3N2) is inhibited by sulphatide. A/Memphis/1/71 (H3N2) causes obvious haemagglutination and low-pH haemolysis of asialoerythrocytes reconstituted with sulphatide. All influenza A virus isolates from the species of animals so far tested bound to sulphatide. The sulphatide-binding specificity of the isolates was different from the viral sialyl-l

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., Shou-Jun Li, Fu-Rong Zhao, Dong-Hui Zhou ., et al. "The Pathogenesis of H3N2 Canine Influenza Virus in Beagle Dogs." Journal of Animal and Veterinary Advances 11, no. 8 (2012): 1123–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/javaa.2012.1123.1126.

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