Готові списки джерел за темами / Capacity limitation

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Capacity limitation"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 19 червня 2021

Оновлено: 18 лютого 2022

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Статті в журналах з теми "Capacity limitation":

Haojing, Wang, Yu Zhipeng, Zhang Yu, Zheng Qiuhong, and Fang Chen. "Generalized Load Modeling Considering Inverter Capacity Limitation." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1346 (November 2019): 012015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1346/1/012015.

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MacGregor, James N. "Short-term memory capacity: Limitation or optimization?" Psychological Review 94, no. 1 (1987): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/0033-295x.94.1.107.

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Bellert, C., J. J. Longuenesse, and P. Robin. "LIMITATION OF ROSE PHOTOSYNTHETIC CAPACITY UNDER N DEPRIVATION." Acta Horticulturae, no. 424 (July 1996): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1996.424.10.

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Sørgard, Lars. "Judo economics reconsidered: Capacity limitation, entry and collusion." International Journal of Industrial Organization 15, no. 3 (May 1997): 349–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-7187(96)01024-7.

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Wauthy, Xavier Y., and Nicolas Boccard. "Relaxing quality differentiation through capacity limitation: A note." International Journal of Economic Theory 13, no. 2 (May 2, 2017): 233–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ijet.12127.

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Jung, In-Ho, and Elmira Moosavi-Khoonsari. "Limitation of Sulfide Capacity Concept for Molten Slags." Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 47, no. 2 (February 1, 2016): 819–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11663-016-0594-0.

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Killian, Kieran J., Pierre Leblanc, David H. Martin, Edith Summers, Norman L. Jones, and E. J. Moran Campbell. "Exercise Capacity and Ventilatory, Circulatory, and Symptom Limitation in Patients with Chronic Airflow Limitation." American Review of Respiratory Disease 146, no. 4 (October 1992): 935–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm/146.4.935.

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Heath, Richard A., and Brett K. Hayes. "Why is capacity limited? Missing dynamics and developmental controversies." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 21, no. 6 (December 1998): 839–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x98311760.

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The discovery of a quaternary complexity limitation to mature cognitive operations raises important theoretical issues. We propose that cognitive limitations arise naturally in a complex dynamic information processing system, and consider problems such as the distinction between parallel and serial processes and the representativeness of the empirical data base used by Halford et al. to support their relational complexity scheme.

Yianatos, J. B., and F. A. Contreras. "On the Carrying Capacity Limitation in Large Flotation Cells." Canadian Metallurgical Quarterly 49, no. 4 (October 2010): 345–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/cmq.2010.49.4.345.

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Sperandio, Evandro F., Anderson S. Alexandre, Liu C. Yi, Patrícia R. Poletto, Alberto O. Gotfryd, Milena C. Vidotto, and Victor Z. Dourado. "Functional aerobic exercise capacity limitation in adolescent idiopathic scoliosis." Spine Journal 14, no. 10 (October 2014): 2366–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.spinee.2014.01.041.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Capacity limitation":

Meij, Gerardus. "Sticking to plans capacity limitation or decision-making bias? /." [Amsterdam : Amsterdam : EPOS, Experimenteel-Psychologische Onderzoekschool] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2004. http://dare.uva.nl/document/76136.

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Cheng, Hung-Yuan. "Right ventricular outflow limitation and capacity for exertion associated with age and iron status." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. https://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:d8621b88-c220-4ad5-bd69-ab23f9dcb9e3.

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This thesis is concerned with the role of iron in modulating right ventricular (RV) afterload during exercise in healthy people aged between 50 and 80 years. This is predicated on the requirement of the hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) pathway for ferrous iron. A secondary objective is to examine the reactive oxygen species (ROS) hypothesis in human hypoxic pulmonary vasoconstriction (HPV) using exposure to hyperoxia. Chapters 3 and 4 describe basal relationships that may affect the HIF pathway and exercise capacity during ageing. These were explored in 113 participants using blood tests and exercise tests. Age and inflammatory factors, C-reactive protein, and ferritin were associated with impaired exercise capacity. In addition, ageing did not significantly affect haematological variables or iron status indicators. Chapters 5 and 6 describe the effect of a single intravenous iron infusion on the haematological variables in 32 participants in a randomised, placebo-controlled and double-blinded study. The effects of iron infusion on RV afterload during light exercise, and exercise capacity during heavy exercise, were examined in these participants. With iron infusion, erythropoietin production, and the increase in RV afterload during light exercise were blunted, potentially indicating involvement of the HIF pathway. However, blunting of RV afterload neither influenced the cardiac output during light exercise nor exercise capacity. Chapter 7 describes a study of 11 healthy volunteers, which investigated the ROS hypothesis in HPV using acute isocapnic hypoxia following an 8-hour exposure to hyperoxia. This sustained hyperoxic exposure did not influence the hypoxic behavior of the pulmonary vasculature. This thesis demonstrates the complex relationship between iron status and exercise capacity in older adults. It shows that the decrease in RV afterload during exercise caused by intravenous iron supplementation does not lead to an augmented cardiac output or exercise capacity. Finally, it calls into question the role of ROS in HPV.

Menezes, Karla Vanessa Rodrigues Soares. "Impact of hospitalization in functional and mobility capacity of older adults." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM CI?NCIAS DA SA?DE, 2017. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/24122.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES)
Introduction: As people get older, it remains a challenge maintaining functional capacity. Functioning consists of the ability to perform self-care activities (i.e. activities of daily living - ADLs) classified inside the level of ?activity and participation? of the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF). Previous studies have identified different risk factors for worsening functional capacity during hospitalization, including older age, sociodemographic characteristics, pre-existing impairment, cognitive loss, delirium, and comorbidity. In-hospital mobility has received particular attention due to its important association to loss of functional capacity. Few studies about hospitalization effects on older adults have been done in Brazil. Identifying older adults at risk for loss in functional capacity during hospitalization will help researchers and clinicians in order to make informed decisions. Objectives: This study contemplates three objectives: first, to provide an updated review to identify and appraise relevant instruments for measuring older adults? mobility based on the ICF conceptual framework in the context of an acute care or intensive geriatric rehabilitation unit, and to appraise and compare their measurement properties; second, to evaluate if in-hospital mobility assessed at admission is predictive of loss in functional capacity during hospitalization of older adults and to verify if other variables combined with in-hospital mobility can better predict loss in functional capacity; third, to assess functional changes of hospitalized older adults from pre-admission (baseline) until discharge and identify predictors of loss in functional capacity. Methods: This cohort prospective study was conducted at the Onofre Lopes University Hospital (HUOL), Natal/RN, Brazil, between January 1, 2014 and April 30, 2015. The study enrolled all consecutive patients aged 60 years and older who were acutely admitted and met the following inclusion criteria: 1) ability to provide informed consent; 2) admitted directly from the community; 3) screening for study eligibility performed in the first 24 hours of admission. Independent variables included personal characteristics, domestic living activities (i.e. instrumental activities of daily living ? IADL) evaluated by Lawton and Brody?s scale, cognition evaluated by Legan?s cognitive test, depression assessed by Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and in-hospital mobility evaluated by the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). The dependent variable of functional capacity was assessed by the Katz scale. These instruments were applied at two different times: at admission (first 24 hours) and at discharge (12-24 hours before). Analysis included descriptive statistics, bivariate and multivariate analysis by means of frequencies, means ? standard error, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC), logistic binary regression and Generalized Estimating Equation (GEE). Data were entered into the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 18.0 for Windows. Results: From the 1256 included at discharge, 65 (5.1%) died during hospitalization, thus the final sample consisted of 1191 older adults. The mean age was 70.02 (?7.34) and mean length of hospital stay was 7.65 days (?9.94). Our sample had a high prevalence of surgery (70.1%). Regarding the best instruments to assess mobility, the De Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) and SPPB presented the best balance between mobility coverage, measurement properties and applicability to acute care and intensive geriatric rehabilitation units. A SPPB cutoff point of 6.5 (62% sensitivity, 54% specificity) identified 593 (49.8%) patients at risk for loss in functional capacity. In logistic regression, SPPB alone presented a statistically significant prediction loss of functional capacity between admission and discharge. Finally, regarding changes in functional capacity, 52.5% of the older adults were discharged with worse functional capacity than baseline. Being dependent for domestic life activities, presence of depression symptons, low levels of cognition and in-hospital mobility were risk factors for greater loss in functional capacity after a hospitalization event. Conclusion: We conclude that DEMMI and SPPB were the best instruments to assess mobility in hospitalized older adults. Regarding functional capacity, half the sample presented loss in functioning between baseline and discharge, while in-hospital mobility evaluated by SPPB can predict loss of function in hospitalized older adults. In addition to in-hospital mobility, dependence for domestic living activities, low levels of cognition and depression improve the detection of cases for being at risk of loss in functional capacity.
Introdu??o A medida que as pessoas envelhecem manter sua funcionalidade permanece um desafio. A funcionalidade consiste da habilidade do indiv?duo de realizar atividades de auto-cuidado (e.g. atividades de vida di?ria ? AVD?s) classificados dentro do n?vel de atividade e participa??o da Classifica??o Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Sa?de (CIF). Estudos anteriores identificaram fatores de risco para a diminui??o da capacidade funcional durante a hospitaliza??o que inclu?am idade avan?ada, caracter?sticas socioecon?micas, incapacidade preexistente, perda cognitiva, del?rio, co-morbidade. Mobilidade dentro do hospital tem recebido aten??o especial devido a sua importante rela??o com a perda da capacidade funcional. Poucos estudos foram realizados tendo como foco a avalia??o dos efeitos da hospitaliza??o em idosos brasileiros. Identificar idosos em risco para a perda funcional durante a hospitaliza??o poder? auxiliar pesquisadores e cl?nicos a tomar decis?es baseadas em evid?ncia. Objetivos Esse estudo contempla tr?s objetivos. Primeiro: promover uma atualiza??o a cerca dos instrumentos relevantes utilizados para avaliar a mobilidade de idosos baseado no conceito da CIF no contexto de hospitaliza??o ou unidades de reabilita??o geri?trica intensiva. Segundo: avaliar se a mobilidade avaliada dentro do hospital na admiss?o ? preditiva de perda funcional durante a hospitaliza??o em idosos e identificar fatores preditores de perda funcional. Terceiro: avaliar mudan?as funcionais desde antes da interna??o (medida de base) at? a alta hospitalar e identificar preditores de perda funcional. M?todos Esse estudo do tipo coorte prospectivo foi realizado no Hospital Universit?rio Onofre Lopes (HUOL), localizado em Natal/RN, Brasil entre primeiro de Janeiro de 2014 a 30 de Abril de 2015. Participaram do estudo pacientes com 60 anos ou mais de idade admitidos no hospital e que preencheram os crit?rios de inclus?o: 1) fornecer o termo de consentimento assinado; 2) advindo da comunidade; 3) ser abordado para participar do estudo dentro das primeiras 24 horas de interna??o. As vari?veis independentes incluem caracter?sticas pessoais, atividades de vida dom?stica (e.g. atividades instrumentais de vida di?ria ? AIVDs) avaliada pela escala de Lawton e Brody?s, a cogni??o foi avaliada pelo teste cognitivo de Legan?s, a depress?o foi investigada atrav?s da escala de depress?o geri?trica (GDS-15), a mobilidade dentro do hospital foi avaliada pela Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB). A vari?vel dependente capacidade funcional foi avaliada pela escala de Katz. Esses instrumentos foram avaliados em dois momentos distintos: na admiss?o (primeiras 24 horas) e na alta hospitalar (12-24 horas antes). A an?lise estat?stica inclui an?lise descritiva, bivariada e multivariada, atrav?s de frequ?ncias, m?dias ? erro padr?o, receiver-operating characteristic (ROC), regress?o log?stica bin?ria e Equa??o de Estimativa Generalizada (EEG). Os dados foram inseridos atrav?s do SPSS vers?o 18.0 para Windows. Resultados Na alta hospitalar dos 1256 idosos inclu?dos na pesquisa 65 (5,1%) foram a ?bito durante a hospitaliza??o o que culminou em uma amostra final de 1191 idosos. A idade m?dia foi de 70,02 (?7,34), 684 (57,4%) dos participantes s?o homens e 790 eram casados (66,3%). A m?dia de dias de interna??o foi de 7,65 dias (?9,94). Nossa amostra apresentou uma frequ?ncia alta para abordagem cir?rgica (>70%). Em rela??o aos melhores instrumentos para avaliar mobilidade o De Morton Mobility Index (DEMMI) e o SPPB apresentaram o melhor equil?brio entre a cobertura do conceito de mobilidade, propriedades psicom?tricas e aplicabilidade em ambiente hospitalar e unidades de reabilita??o geri?trica. O ponto de corte do SPPB de 6.5 (62% sensibilidade, 54% especificidade) identificou 593 (49.8%) pacientes em risco para perda da capacidade funcional. Na regress?o log?stica o SPPB sozinho apresentou predi??o estatisticamente significante para perda funcional entre admiss?o e alta hospitalar. Finalmente em rela??o ?s mudan?as funcionais 52,5% dos idosos receberam alta hospitalar com uma capacidade funcional pior do que antes da interna??o. Ser dependente para as atividades instrumentais de vida di?ria, presen?a de sintomas depressivos, baixos n?veis de cogni??o e mobilidade dentro do hospital foram fatores de risco para perda funcional ap?s um evento de hospitaliza??o. Conclus?o Conclu?mos que DEMMI e SPPB foram os melhores instrumentos para avaliar mobilidade em idosos hospitalizados. Com rela??o a capacidade funcional metade da amostra apresentou perda da funcionalidade entre linha de base e alta hospitalar e a mobilidade dentro do hospital avaliada pelo SPPB pode predizer perda da capacidade funcional em idosos hospitalizados. Somando ? mobilidade dentro do hospital, depend?ncia para atividades dom?sticas, baixos n?veis de cogni??o e depress?o melhora a detec??o de casos de idosos em risco para perda da capacidade funcional

Bettayeb, Belgacem. "Conception et évaluation des plans de surveillance basés sur le risque. Limitation des incertitudes qualité avec des ressources limitées de maîtrise." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00859830.

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La compétitivité d'une entreprise est conditionnée par l'aptitude de son organisation de trouver des solutions pour améliorer l'efficacité de son processus de fabrication en maîtrisant sa variabilité tout en garantissant des coûts bas, des délais réduits et, parfois, une certaine capacité de produire à des grands volumes. La maîtrise du processus de fabrication est un ensemble d'activités réalisées par un processus opérationnel de contrôle en suivant un plan de surveillance préétabli avec des objectifs précis en termes de maîtrise des risques. La mise en application du plan de surveillance est souvent mise à mal par : les aléas liées aux flux physiques et informationnels, l'interaction du processus de contrôle avec d'autres processus opérationnels de l'entreprise et les limitations en ressources de maîtrise. L'objectif de cette thèse était de répondre à cette problématique en proposant des approches nouvelles pour la conception des plans de surveillance. Pour cela, nous proposons une approche assurantielle permettant de définir un plan de surveillance qui limite l'exposition aux risques et optimise l'utilisation des ressources de maîtrise. Une formalisation simplifiée a permit d'expliquer cette approche à travers des exemples. Les résultats des expérimentations sur un cas industriel, montrent l'intérêt de l'approche pour la maîtrise des risques opérationnels dans un processus de fabrication. Par la suite, une formalisation généralisée de l'approche a été proposé concevoir le plan de surveillance généralisé d'un processus disposant d'un ensemble des moyens de contrôle interposé sur plusieurs couches le long du processus qui est assujetti à multiples risques. Mots clés : Plan de surveillance, Maîtrise des risques, Allocation des inspections, Capabilité, Capacité, Performances.

Zhou, Na. "Contribution to the study of the limitation of aerobic exercise capacity in obese patients: impact of bariatric surgery and contribution of the pulmonary hemodynamic." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2021. https://dipot.ulb.ac.be/dspace/bitstream/2013/332454/3/Document1.pdf.

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Obesity, as an inflammatory state, can cause multi-organ disease, which often manifested in poor physical fitness involving the respiratory, cardio-vascular and muscles limitation. Bariatric surgery has become an important treatment option in severe obesity. The remarkably and rapid surgical weight loss, the obese patient gave feedback that they can walk further, but feels “no energy in his feet to speed up, when they need to run a few steps to catch the bus”. Had her physical condition already improved? Does weight loss after surgery equal improved physical condition? How does the heart, lungs, and muscles response to exercise? In order to search for the answer, we reviewed the previous relevant research, regarding the changes of postoperative aerobic capacity and we tried to discuss from a holistic perspective our observations.The thesis is divided into two modules including three studies.The first module including study 1 and 2, which are designed to identifies the determinants of the aerobic exercise capacity following weight loss reduced by bariatric surgery. We turn the daily problems feedback from obese patients who underwent bariatric surgery into three scientific questions:- What is the impact of adipose tissue on determinants of aerobic exercise capacity?- What is the impact of bariatric surgery on determinants of aerobic exercise capacity?- Do obese patients return to normal after bariatric surgery?Based on the limited knowledge and experience of predecessors about how obesity influences exercise pulmonary hemodynamics, the second module including study 3, which are designed to further analysed the right ventricle - pulmonary circulation during exercise and to answer the following question:- how does obesity affect right ventricular, pulmonary circulation and gas exchange adaptation during exercise?To answer these questions, we recruited 29 obese subjects and paired to age-, sex- and height- matched 29 healthy controls. A subgroup of thirteen patients who underwent bariatric surgery were retested 6 months after surgery and compared with theirs controls. Then, we comprehensive analysed the results of following tests: blood test, clinical assessment, body composition analysis, muscle strength measurements, pulmonary function (spirometry and diffusion capacity), exercise stress echocardiography, questionnaires and exercise capacity tests.The results of study 1 shown that, obese subjects had lower weekly moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and SF-36 scores, maximal workload and peak oxygen consumption (VO2peak) relative to body weight, but similar absolute VO2peak. Bariatric surgery resulted in -22% body weight,vi- 34% fat mass, -40% visceral adipose tissue and -12% lean mass (LM) changes. Absolute handgrip, quadriceps or respiratory muscle strength remained unaffected but accompanied by an increase in MVPA, SF-36 scores and quadriceps strength relative to LM. No changes in absolute VO2peak were observed after surgery but the ventilatory threshold was decreased.The results of study 2 shown that, obese subject had lower resting lung diffusion capacity with mainly a reduction in pulmonary capillary blood volume and alveolar volume (VA). After bariatric surgery, lung diffusion capacity for nitric oxide, VA and membrane diffusion capacity have improved to varying degrees.The results of study 3 shown that, there was no difference in pulmonary circulation at rest between the two groups, but the pulmonary vascular resistance index (PVRi) was higher with lower heart rate, cardiac output, cardiac index (CI) and mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) in obese subjects at peak exercise. After being normalized by CI at a common maximum exercise level, the PVRi was still higher, but the difference of mPAP disappeared and manifested a higher mPAP and mPAP/CI slope. The tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion /systolic PAP was lower at rest and at a common maximum exercise level when normalized by CI.In summary, obesity was associated to low vigorous daily physical activity levels, SF-36 physical and mental component scores, higher muscle mass but lower strength/LM ratio and aerobic capacity. Lower spirometry and lung diffusion capacity with mainly reduction in Vc and VA may also limit maximum aerobic exercise capacity. At rest, the pulmonary hemodynamic is preserved, but with a weakness of right ventricular-arterial coupling. At exercise, obesity has a modest, but observable impact on the pulmonary circulation and right ventricular adaptation at exercise, with unexhausted chronotropic reserve and normal chemo-sensibility.Bariatric surgery shows beneficial effects on fat mass loss, metabolic parameters, daily physical activities, SF-36 scores, lung function and stimulated the chronotropic response. However, aerobic capacity is not improved and is associated with a reduced LM and ventilatory threshold potentially triggering hyperventilation.
Doctorat en Sciences de la motricité
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Brasher, Michael Golden. "Duck use and energetic carrying capacity of actively and passively managed wetlands in Ohio during autumn and spring migration." The Ohio State University, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1262270843.

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Little, Carrie. "The Role of Attention in Fall Avoidance: Evaluation of Dual Task Interference with Postural and Visual Working Memory Tasks in Young Versus Older Adults, Does Capacity Limitation Influence Postural Responses?" Thesis, University of Oregon, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/12981.

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The primary goal of this research was to explore attentional factors contributing to normal balance control and to determine how age-related changes in these factors constrain balance in the aging adult. Though previous research has demonstrated attentional interference between postural control and performance of cognitive tasks in young (YA) and older adults (OA), the mechanisms contributing to interference have not been identified. This study utilized as a cognitive task, a visual working memory task (the change detection task), which identified the short term working memory (or attentional) capacity limits of participants. Participants were asked to perform the cognitive task (determining a change in the color of squares in a first vs. second memory array) either in isolation or with postural tasks of increasing complexity, including quiet sitting (control), quiet stance in isolation, quiet stance (but intermixed with support surface perturbations), and support surface perturbations. YA showed a significant decline in working memory capacity between the control and perturbation condition (p<0.01) but no change in postural performance between single and dual task conditions, as determined by increased steps in response to perturbations (p<0.33). In a second set of experiments, the performance of OA was compared to YA. Results showed that OA had reduced working memory capacity on the change detection task compared to YA even in the control condition (YA: 2.8±0.6 items; OA: 1.8±0.7; p<0.001). OA showed an even greater decline than YA in memory capacity in the dual task condition (p<0.001), along with difficulty regaining balance following perturbations, evidenced by significant increases in up on toes (p<0.05) and stepping strategies (p<0.05). These results suggest that visual working memory (for simple features) and postural control share a common attentional resource that is limited and that postural control is favored over the cognitive task in YA. In OA, attentional capacity was significantly reduced and both postural and cognitive tasks were impaired in the dual task condition, suggesting that with aging even simple cognitive tasks can negatively affect balance under challenging postural conditions.

Mackevičius, Ramūnas. "Ekonominių ciklų logistinė analizė." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121107_091031-48989.

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Disertacija skirta logistinei ekonominių ciklų analizei. Darbo tikslas - vadovaujantis ekonomine logistine teorija atskleisti ir nustatyti ciklinio ekonominio svyravimo priežastis. Darbe atliekama teorinė, logistinė ir empirinė ciklinių ekonominių svyravimų analizė. Įvertinant ekonominės logistinės teorijos nuostatas, patikslinama ekonominio ciklo samprata, parengiamas teorinis logistinis ekonominio ciklo modelis ir logistinis ciklinio ekonominės sistemos svyravimo ir raidos tyrimo modelis. Darbe atskleidžiamos vidutinės trukmės ekonominių ciklų susiformavimą veikiančios giluminės priežastys. Nustatoma inovacinių procesų įtaka rinkos susiformavimui, rinkos talpos uždarumo įtaka rinkos kaitimui, rinkos prisotinimui ir paslėptosios perprodukcijos bei burbulo proceso susiformavimui. Taip pat atskleidžiama visų minėtų procesų ir ekonominių paradoksų (didėjančio pelningumo paradokso ir skolos spąstų paradokso) įtaka ekonominio ciklo formavimuisi ir veikimui.
Dissertation deals with logistical analysis of economic cycles. Aim of the research - to reveal and to determine causes of cyclical economic fluctuations, according to economic logistic theory. Theoretical, logistical and empirical analyses of cyclical economic fluctuations are carried out in the work. Conception of economic cycle is specified. Evaluating provisions of economic logistic theory, two models are created – theoretical logistic economic cycle model and logistic economic system‘s cyclical fluctuation and development research model. In the dissertation the deep causes of economic cycles influencing their formation are revealed. The influence of innovative processes to the market formation, the impact of market capacity limitation to the market heating, saturation, hidden overproduction and to the formation of bubble process are determined. The influence of all the mentioned processes as well as economic paradoxes ((growing profitability paradox and credit trap paradox)) to the formation and working of economic cycle are revealed.

Mackevičius, Ramūnas. "Logistical analysis of economic cycles." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20121107_091040-28467.

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Dissertation deals with logistical analysis of economic cycles. Aim of the research - to reveal and to determine causes of cyclical economic fluctuations, according to economic logistic theory. Theoretical, logistical and empirical analyses of cyclical economic fluctuations are carried out in the work. Conception of economic cycle is specified. Evaluating provisions of economic logistic theory, two models are created – theoretical logistic economic cycle model and logistic economic system‘s cyclical fluctuation and development research model. In the dissertation the deep causes of economic cycles influencing their formation are revealed. The influence of innovative processes to the market formation, the impact of market capacity limitation to the market heating, saturation, hidden overproduction and to the formation of bubble process are determined. The influence of all the mentioned processes as well as economic paradoxes ((growing profitability paradox and credit trap paradox)) to the formation and working of economic cycle are revealed.
Disertacija skirta logistinei ekonominių ciklų analizei. Darbo tikslas - vadovaujantis ekonomine logistine teorija atskleisti ir nustatyti ciklinio ekonominio svyravimo priežastis. Darbe atliekama teorinė, logistinė ir empirinė ciklinių ekonominių svyravimų analizė. Įvertinant ekonominės logistinės teorijos nuostatas, patikslinama ekonominio ciklo samprata, parengiamas teorinis logistinis ekonominio ciklo modelis ir logistinis ciklinio ekonominės sistemos svyravimo ir raidos tyrimo modelis. Darbe atskleidžiamos vidutinės trukmės ekonominių ciklų susiformavimą veikiančios giluminės priežastys. Nustatoma inovacinių procesų įtaka rinkos susiformavimui, rinkos talpos uždarumo įtaka rinkos kaitimui, rinkos prisotinimui ir paslėptosios perprodukcijos bei burbulo proceso susiformavimui. Taip pat atskleidžiama visų minėtų procesų ir ekonominių paradoksų (didėjančio pelningumo paradokso ir skolos spąstų paradokso) įtaka ekonominio ciklo formavimuisi ir veikimui.

Sami, Ahmed Laila, and Jabbar Zeinab Jalal. "Anställningsbar eller icke anställningsbar. Arbetsförmedlingen, arbetsmarknaden & individer med funktionsnedsättning." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25969.

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Den största förmedlaren av arbeten i Sverige är Arbetsförmedlingen, de ska underlätta för alla arbetssökande och för individer med funktionsnedsättning att etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden genom olika stödinsatser. Syftet med studien är att undersöka vilka möjligheter respektive begränsningar arbetsförmedlarna upplever gällande att stödja individer med funktionsnedsättning att etablera sig på arbetsmarknaden samt vilka metoder de använder sig av i denna process. Studien vilar på en kvalitativ metod och förhåller sig till semistrukturerade intervjuer. De sju intervjuade personerna har varit anställda på två utvalda Arbetsförmedlingar i Södra Sverige. Empirins slutsats visade att intervjupersonerna hade flera olika metoder de kunde använda, detta för att etablera individer med funktionsnedsättning som till exempel arbetsförmågebedömning, funktionshinderkodning, arbetsträning och praktik. Möjligheterna de anställda hade var att de kunde använda sig av de olika metoderna samt uppföljning med arbetsgivarna och den arbetssökande. De anställda vill stödja individerna med funktionsnedsättning men kan begränsas av till exempel regelverket och finansiella skäl, Arbetsförmedlingens rykte, arbetsgivarnas attityder och av omorganisationen som Arbetsförmedlingen genomgår pågående.
The largest mediators of work in Sweden are the Swedish public employment service called “Arbetsförmedlingen”. Their work ethics are to facilitate for the individuals in the swedish society but also individuals that are disabled to establish in the labor market with contributions. The purpose of this study is to research what type of opportunities and limitations the workers experiencing concerning the support of the individuals who are disabled to establish their selves in the labor market, also what types of methods they use in this process. The study is based on a quantitative method and semi-structured interviews. The seven people we interviewed were employees for two selected employment services in southern Sweden. The empirical conclusion showed that the interviewees had several different methods they could use, in order to establish individuals with disabilities such as work ability assessment, disability coding, work training and practice. The opportunities the employees had were that they could use the different methods and follow-up with the employers and the job seeker. The employees want to support the individuals with disabilities, but can be limited, for example, by the regulations and financial reasons, the Swedish Public Employment Service`s reputation the employer`s attitudes and the reorganization that the Public Employment Service is undergoing.

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Книги з теми "Capacity limitation":

United States. Congress. House. Committee on the Judiciary. Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations. Time extension for presenting tort claims to persons under legal disability: Hearing before the Subcommittee on Administrative Law and Governmental Relations of the Committee on the Judiciary, House of Representatives, Ninety-ninth Congress, second session, on H.R. 1023 ... June 19, 1986. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1986.

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New Jersey. Legislature. Senate. State Government Committee. Public hearing before Senate State Government Committee: Senate Concurrent Resolution No. 134 : proposes constitutional amendment to clarify provision denying right of suffrage to certain persons lacking capacity to understand the act of voting : Committee Room 7, State House Annex, Trenton, New Jersey, February 8, 2007, 1:00 p.m. Trenton, N.J: Office of Legislative Services, Public Information Office, Hearing Unit, 2007.

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Nagel, Jennifer. 8. Knowing about knowing. Oxford University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/actrade/9780199661268.003.0008.

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Mindreading is the natural capacity that generates instinctive feelings about another person's knowledge and other mental states. ‘Knowing about knowing’ explains that humans have specialized brain areas devoted to tracking mental states, but there are natural limitations to mindreading. One is a simple capacity limit on how many nested mental state levels we can represent. Another deeper limitation is that we suffer from ‘egocentrism’, which makes it difficult for us to override our own perspective when evaluating others who know less about their situation than we do. It concludes that even if we still don’t know the full nature of what knowledge is, we are in a better position to make progress on this ancient question.

Cunningham-Hill, Susan, and Karen Elder. 7. Pre-action substantive matters. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198787655.003.0007.

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The role of a student or practitioner in the dispute resolution (or litigation) department is to assist in the procedural and theoretical aspects of a client’s case. These latter aspects can include consideration of matters that can determine where an action proceeds and whether it is capable of proceeding. This chapter deals with issues that may be considered either before seeing a client on a new matter, at the first meeting, or, more commonly, after receiving detailed instructions and reflecting on the overall issues in the case. It considers jurisdiction and governing law; the capacity to sue or be sued; limitation; the legal components of an action; and remedies.

Cunningham-Hill, Susan, and Karen Elder. 7. Pre-Action Substantive Matters. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198823193.003.0007.

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Stanghellini, Giovanni. The trauma of non-recognition. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792062.003.0026.

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This chapter argues that human existence is stained by the tragic experience of our failed encounter with the Other. Mental pathology is a miscarried attempt to deal with the suffering that stems from the intolerability of the awareness of the Other’s radical alterity. Our incapacity to recognize the Other is the mark of being human, not a subjective inability. In our tending towards the Other we experience the Other as unattainable. The essence of the Other is its otherness: the Other can never be fully appropriated, but only approximated, as a frustrating limitation for our desire and of our capacity for understanding. This failure in encountering the Other leads to a state of suffering such as to generate defensive shelters that develop into fixed forms of miscarried existence and become part of the spectrum of what we regard as mental pathology.

Dodds, Chris, Chandra M. Kumar, and Frédérique Servin. Intensive care and the elderly. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198735571.003.0012.

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Age is not an independent predictor for poor outcome from intensive care. This chapter reviews admission criteria for the elderly and the assessment of likely outcome including the differences between traumatic or surgical admissions against medical ones. Pre-existing comorbidities all limit functional recovery, and only about 60% of elderly patients get back to their preadmission level of activity, although this may not detract from their perceived quality of life. Potential bias in the use of quality-of-life measures by clinical staff is discussed. Information on the identification of futility and the move to either palliation or withdrawal of support is discussed. Complications are common in the intensive-care patient population, and the reasons that they may be irreversible in the elderly are reviewed. The limitation of care, the use of advanced directives, and the assessment of legal capacity are reviewed.

Andrea Marco, Steingruber. Part I The Consensual Nature of Arbitration, 3 Capacity, Restrictions, and Limitations to Consent to Arbitration. Oxford University Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780199698158.003.0003.

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Watt, Gary. Equity & Trusts Law Directions. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/he/9780198804703.001.0001.

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Without assuming prior legal knowledge, books in the Directions series introduce and guide readers through key points of law and legal debate. Questions, diagrams, and exercises help readers to engage fully with each subject and check their understanding as they progress. This book explains the key topics covered on equity and trusts courses. The content of the text is designed to emphasise the relationship between equity, trusts, property, contract, and restitution to enable students to map out conceptual connections between related legal ideas. There is also a focus on modern cases in the commercial sphere to reflect the constantly changing and socially significant role of trusts and equity. The book starts by introducing equity and trusts. It then includes a chapter on understanding trusts, and moves on to consider capacity and formality requirements, certainty requirements, and the constitution of trusts. Various types of trusts are then examined such as purpose, charitable, and variation trusts. The book then describes issues related to trusteeship. Breach of trust is explained, as is informal trusts of land. There is a chapter on tracing, and then the book concludes by looking at equitable liability of strangers to trust and equitable doctrines and remedies. This new edition includes coverage of significant recent cases, including Patel v Mirza [2016], Supreme Court on the right to recover wealth transferred between parties to an illegal scheme; Burnden Holdings (UK) Ltd v Fielding [2018] UKSC 14; [2018] 2 WLR 885, Supreme Court on limitation of actions; Barnett v Creggy [2016], Court of Appeal on breach of trust and limitation of actions; Singha v Heer [2016], Court of Appeal on facts giving rise to declaration of trust; Clydesdale Bank plc v John Workman [2016], Court of Appeal on dishonest assistance in a breach of trust; Bathurst v Bathurst [2016], on variation of trusts; Newman v Clarke [2016], on fiduciary conflict of interest; RBC Trustees (CI) Ltd v Stubbs [2017], on rectification of a trust deed on the ground of mistake; Erlam v Rahman [2016] EWHC 111 and JSC Mezhdunarodniy Promyshlenniy Bank v Pugachev [2017] EWHC 2426, on ‘sham” trusts’. It also provides coverage of the 2017 Money Laundering, Terrorist Financing and Transfer of Funds Regulations (SI 2017/692 as well as the EU Fourth Money Laundering Directive ((EU) 2015/849), as amended by the The EU Fifth Money Laundering Directive ((EU) 2018/843)

Macaskill, Grant. The New Testament and Intellectual Humility. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198799856.001.0001.

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This book examines how the New Testament scriptures might form and foster intellectual humility within Christian communities. It is informed by recent interdisciplinary interest in intellectual humility, and concerned to appreciate the distinctive representations of the virtue offered by the New Testament writers on their own terms. It argues that the intellectual virtue is cast as a particular expression of the broader Christian virtue of humility, which proceeds from the believer’s union with Christ, through which personal identity is reconstituted by the operation of the Holy Spirit. Hence, we speak of ‘virtue’ in ways determined by the acting presence of Jesus Christ, overcoming sin and evil in human lives and in the world. The Christian account of the virtue is framed by this conflict, as believers within the Christian community struggle with natural arrogance and selfishness, and come to share in the mind of Christ. The new identity that emerges creates a fresh openness to truth, as the capacity of the sinful mind to distort truth is exposed and challenged. This affects knowledge and perception, but also volition: for these ancient writers, a humble mind makes good decisions that reflect judgments decisively shaped by the sacrificial love of Jesus Christ. By presenting ‘humility of mind’ as a characteristic of the One who is worshipped—Jesus Christ—the New Testament writers insist that we acknowledge the virtue not just as an admission of human deficiency or limitation, but as a positive affirmation of our rightful place within the divine economy.

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Частини книг з теми "Capacity limitation":

Ochelska-Mierzejewska, Joanna, and Przemysław Zakrzewski. "Comparison the Genetic Algorithm and Selected Heuristics for the Vehicle Routing Problem with Capacity Limitation." In Developments in Information & Knowledge Management for Business Applications, 231–66. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-77916-0_10.

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MacKay-Brandt, Anna. "Capacity Limitations." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 678–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-57111-9_1275.

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MacKay-Brandt, Anna. "Capacity Limitations." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 483–84. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-79948-3_1275.

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MacKay-Brandt, Anna. "Capacity Limitations." In Encyclopedia of Clinical Neuropsychology, 1–2. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56782-2_1275-3.

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Masanovic, Marguerite Guillot, and Luc Téot. "Scar Contractures." In Textbook on Scar Management, 117–22. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44766-3_13.

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AbstractScar retractions occurring on mobile areas on the body surface, like the neck, the joints, the hand, and the face may induce functional limitations in skin availability during movements. Extensive burns, trauma, and infected wounds may be found as risk factors. The activation of populations of myofibroblasts may explain the occurrence of skin contracture, as they mechanically act on the matrix and induce skin retraction (Kwan and Tredget, Hand Clin 33(2):277–292, 2017). Pathological consequences of the contractures may vary from a moderate limitation of movement over a digital joint to a permanent neck contracture impairing eye vision in the horizontal plane. The shortage of skin capacity may vary from 2 to 10 cm. Most of the contractures respond to an active early treatment when there is an early diagnosis at 1 month after wound healing, but if diagnosed later specific surgical procedures are needed, like skin grafting, local or regional flaps, but also complex microsurgical flaps. Specific indications depend on the necessity to restore the function.

Bastow, Simon. "Traditional Explanations of Capacity Stress and Their Limitations." In Governance, Performance, and Capacity Stress, 12–37. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9781137289162_2.

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Mattarella-Micke, Andrew, and Sian L. Beilock. "Capacity Limitations of Memory and Learning." In Encyclopedia of the Sciences of Learning, 498–501. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1428-6_603.

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Reimers, Fernando M. "Learning from Teaching Graduate Students How to Design Climate Change Education Programs." In Education and Climate Change, 181–201. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-57927-2_7.

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AbstractThis chapter discusses lessons learned engaging my graduate students in education policy analysis at the Harvard Graduate School of Education in designing climate change education curricula in partnership with educational institutions around the world. Studying those programs developed by my students, I draw out seven cross-cutting themes about what such an approach yields for students, for the educational institutions they partnered with and for my own institution, while drawing parallels between those curricula and the graduate course in comparative education policy analysis in which these curricula were developed. In addressing those themes the chapter revisits some of the central arguments presented in the introductory chapter about the urgency and the challenges of enhancing the effectiveness of climate change education, and some of the key conclusions of critical reviews of the literature on education and climate change about the limitation of existing approaches to the subject.Those themes are: Educating students to address climate change is about engaging them in active problem solving, not contemplation. While learning from doing is valuable, to advance the field of climate change education, it is necessary to conceptualize and theorize practice. The need to think broadly about learning outcomes in climate change education The power of contextually situated learning A Signature project-based pedagogy to Change Climate through Education Augmenting the capacity for climate change education among teachers and schools The limitations of infusing climate change education in existing courses The chapter concludes examining some blind spots in the climate change curricula presented in the book and drawing parallels between the education response to the COVID-19 Pandemic of 2020 and the education response to Climate Change.

Gormley-Heenan, Cathy. "The Limitations of Role, Capacity and Effect." In Political Leadership and the Northern Ireland Peace Process, 124–46. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230596085_7.

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Bitan, S., and S. Zaks. "Optimal linear broadcast routing with capacity limitations." In Algorithms and Computation, 287–96. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-57568-5_259.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Capacity limitation":

Ignatiev, F. "Radiation Induced Limitation of Optical Fiber Capacity." In 2006 16th International Crimean Microwave and Telecommunication Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/crmico.2006.256076.

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Brandejsky, Tomas. "Limitation of telematic applications from the viewpoint of processing capacity." In the 2009 Euro American Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1551722.1551726.

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Belozubova, Anna, Konstantin Kogos, and Anna Epishkina. "On/Off Covert Channel Capacity Limitation by Adding Extra Delays." In 2021 IEEE Conference of Russian Young Researchers in Electrical and Electronic Engineering (ElConRus). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/elconrus51938.2021.9396545.

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Wen, Shixi, Ge Guo, and Wei Wang. "Vehicles platoon control in vanets with capacity limitation and packet dropouts." In 2016 IEEE 55th Conference on Decision and Control (CDC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdc.2016.7798511.

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Posenato, Artur, and Vinicius Ramos Rosa. "A Genetic Algorithm for Gas Lift Optimization With Compression Capacity Limitation." In SPE Latin America and Caribbean Petroleum Engineering Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/153175-ms.

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Sugumar, D., and Kek Kiong Tio. "Heat Transport Limitation of a Triangular Micro Heat Pipe." In ASME 2003 1st International Conference on Microchannels and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icmm2003-1096.

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A micro heat pipe will operate effectively by achieving its maximum possible heat transport capacity only if it is to operate at a specific temperature, i.e., design temperature. In reality, micro heat pipe’s may be required to operate at temperatures different from the design temperature. In this study, the heat transport capacity of an equilateral triangle micro heat pipe is investigated. The micro heat pipe is filled optimally with working fluid for a specific design temperature and operated at different operating temperatures. For this purpose, water, pentane and acetone was selected as the working fluids. From the numerical results obtained, it shows that the optimal charge level of the micro heat pipe is dependent on the operating temperature. Furthermore, the results also shows that if the micro heat pipe is to be operated at temperatures other than its design temperature, its heat transport capacity is limited by the occurrence of flooding at the condenser section or dryout at the evaporator section, depending on the operating temperature and type of working fluid. It is observed that when the micro heat pipe is operated at a higher temperature than its design temperature, the heat transport capacity increases but limited by the onset of dryout at the evaporator section. However, the heat transport capacity decreases if it is to be operated at lower temperatures than its design temperature due to the occurrence of flooding at condenser end. From the results obtained, we can conclude that the performance of a micro heat pipe is decreased if it is to be operated at temperatures other than its design temperature.

Wang, Shouqiang, Zengxiao Chi, and Shen Zhang. "Research on relay node placement algorithm based on its capacity limitation in WSN." In 2018 International Conference on Security, Pattern Analysis, and Cybernetics (SPAC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/spac46244.2018.8965482.

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Cheng, Yuxin, Marilet De Andrade, Lena Wosinska, and Jiajia Chen. "Resource Disaggregation Versus Integrated Servers in Data Centers: Impact of Internal Transmission Capacity Limitation." In 2018 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2018.8535214.

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Zhao, Haotian, Ji Zhou, Chen Li, Bin Wang, Yong Zhang, and Zhaoguang Pan. "Capacity Limitation Service for Multi-Energy Virtual Power Plants Based on Multi-Parametric Programming." In 2020 IEEE 4th Conference on Energy Internet and Energy System Integration (EI2). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ei250167.2020.9346968.

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Han Bao, Shaoqing Ying, and Harald Schwarz. "Harmonic impact of decentralized photovoltaic systems and limitation of photovoltaic capacity in low voltage grid." In 2014 14th International Conference on Environment and Electrical Engineering (EEEIC). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/eeeic.2014.6835826.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Capacity limitation":

Orrnert, Anna. Review of National Social Protection Strategies. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.026.

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This helpdesk report reviews ten national social protection strategies (published between 2011-2019) in order to map their content, scope, development processes and measures of success. Each strategy was strongly shaped by its local context (e.g. how social development was defined, development priorities and existing capacity and resources) but there were also many observed similarities (e.g. shared values, visions for social protection). The search focused on identifying strategies with a strong social assistance remit from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), Sub-Sarahan African and South and South-East Asian regions1 (Latin America was deemed out of scope due the advanced nature of social protection there). Examples from Sub-Saharan Africa are most widely available. Few examples are available from the MENA region2 – it may be that such strategies do not currently exist, that potential strategy development process are in more nascent stages or that those strategies that do exist are not accessible in English. A limitation of this review is that it has not been able to review strategies in other languages. The strategies reviewed in this report are from Bangladesh (2015), Cambodia (2011), Ethiopia (2012), Jordan (2019), Kenya (2011), Lesotho (2014), Liberia (2013), Rwanda (2011), Uganda (2015) and Zambia (2014). The content of this report focuses primarily on the information from these strategies. Where appropriate, it also includes information from secondary sources about other strategies where those original strategies could not be found (e.g. Saudi Arabia’s NSDS).

Fan, Li, and Veronica Mendizabal Joffre. The Gender Dimension of Sustainable Consumption and Production: A Microsurvey-Based Analysis of Gender Differences in Awareness, Attitudes, and Behaviors in the People’s Republic of China. Asian Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.22617/wps200401-2.

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Using microsurveys conducted in the People’s Republic of China over the past 2 decades, this paper explores the individual preferences among men and women toward sustainable consumption and production—the concept of doing more with less and decoupling economic growth from environmental degradation. The study finds that women exhibit greener living and working habits than men. However, women—regardless of education, rural–urban setting, or age—are impacted by time poverty, low political participation, limited awareness, gender norms, and, for younger and older women, financial limitations. To encourage and increase women’s capacity in shaping environmental solutions, economic and political gender gaps must be addressed and awareness on the impact of consumption needs to be strengthened.

Ama Pokuaa, Fenny, Aba Obrumah Crentsil, Christian Kwaku Osei, and Felix Ankomah Asante. Fiscal and Public Health Impact of a Change in Tobacco Excise Taxes in Ghana. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/ictd.2020.003.

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This working paper predicts the fiscal and public health outcomes from a change in the excise tax structure for cigarettes in Ghana. More than 5,000 people are killed by diseases caused by tobacco every year in Ghana (Tobacco Atlas 2018). Currently the country has a unitary tax administration approach, with a uniform ad valorem tax structure on all excisable products, including tobacco. However, the ECOWAS directive on tobacco control, in line with the WHO Framework Convention on Tobacco Control (WHO 2003), recommends a simple tax structure – using a mixed excise system with a minimum specific tax floor to overcome the limitations of an ad valorem system on tobacco products, especially cigarettes. The study therefore simulates mixed tax policy interventions, and assesses their effect on government revenue and public health relative to the current ad valorem tax system. Primary data collection of tobacco prices in three geographical zones of the country was conducted in February 2020, across both rural and urban localities. This was supported with secondary data from national and international databases. Based on the assumption that Ghana adopts a mixed tax structure, the simulation shows that, if the government imposes a specific excise tax of GH₵4.00 (US$0.80) per pack in addition to the current ad valorem rate of 175 per cent of the CIF value, the average retail price of a cigarette pack would increase by 128 per cent, cigarette consumption decrease by 27 per cent, tobacco excise tax revenue increase by 627 per cent, and overall tobacco-related government tax revenue increase by 201 per cent.1 Additionally, there would be significant declines in smoking prevalence (3.3%), smoking intensity (1,448 cigarettes per year), and 3,526 premature smoking-related deaths would be avoided. The paper advocates for a strong tax administration and technical capacity, with continuous commitment by the government to adjust the tax rate in line with the rate of inflation and per capita income growth.

Hendricks, Kasey. Data for Alabama Taxation and Changing Discourse from Reconstruction to Redemption. University of Tennessee, Knoxville Libraries, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7290/wdyvftwo4u.

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At their most basic level taxes carry, in the words of Schumpeter ([1918] 1991), “the thunder of history” (p. 101). They say something about the ever-changing structures of social, economic, and political life. Taxes offer a blueprint, in both symbolic and concrete terms, for uncovering the most fundamental arrangements in society – stratification included. The historical retellings captured within these data highlight the politics of taxation in Alabama from 1856 to 1901, including conflicts over whom money is expended upon as well as struggles over who carries their fair share of the tax burden. The selected timeline overlaps with the formation of five of six constitutions adopted in the State of Alabama, including 1861, 1865, 1868, 1875, and 1901. Having these years as the focal point makes for an especially meaningful case study, given how much these constitutional formations made the state a site for much political debate. These data contain 5,121 pages of periodicals from newspapers throughout the state, including: Alabama Sentinel, Alabama State Intelligencer, Alabama State Journal, Athens Herald, Daily Alabama Journal, Daily Confederation, Elyton Herald, Mobile Daily Tribune, Mobile Tribune, Mobile Weekly Tribune, Morning Herald, Nationalist, New Era, Observer, Tuscaloosa Observer, Tuskegee News, Universalist Herald, and Wilcox News and Pacificator. The contemporary relevance of these historical debates manifests in Alabama’s current constitution which was adopted in 1901. This constitution departs from well-established conventions of treating the document as a legal framework that specifies a general role of governance but is firm enough to protect the civil rights and liberties of the population. Instead, it stands more as a legislative document, or procedural straightjacket, that preempts through statutory material what regulatory action is possible by the state. These barriers included a refusal to establish a state board of education and enact a tax structure for local education in addition to debt and tax limitations that constrained government capacity more broadly. Prohibitive features like these are among the reasons that, by 2020, the 1901 Constitution has been amended nearly 1,000 times since its adoption. However, similar procedural barriers have been duplicated across the U.S. since (e.g., California’s Proposition 13 of 1978). Reference: Schumpeter, Joseph. [1918] 1991. “The Crisis of the Tax State.” Pp. 99-140 in The Economics and Sociology of Capitalism, edited by Richard Swedberg. Princeton University Press.