Дисертації з теми "Caractérisation sensorielle des fromages"
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Li, Yuet Hee Mary Lynn. "Caractérisation texturale et analyse par stéréocorrélation d'images de la déformation des fromages à pâte molle et de leurs simulants formulés." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL062N/document.
Various gels formulated from mixtures of gelatin and polysaccharides - guar, karaya gum, xanthan gum, maltodextrin and starch - were elaborated to simulate soft cheeses (Camembert and Coulommiers) texture. Comparisons between gels and cheeses were based on firmness, elasticity modulus and relaxation time constants, obtained from penetrometry and stress relaxation tests. Gels made up of gelatin, maltodextrin and starch were found to imitate best the textural properties of the soft cheeses. A three-component mixture design approach was used to determine the optimum component concentration of the simulants. Mathematical models developed showed linear dependence of the rheological parameters on composition of simulants. Enzyme Subtilisin Carlsberg (Alcalase®) successful induced gradual modifications in rheological parameters of simulants. The rate of change of textural properties occurring in Coulommiers cheese during maturation was however different from that of the simulants. Two optical three-dimensional techniques as new tools for food texture assessment were also investigated. Digital image correlation and the Breuckmann scanning systems were successful in distinguishing between gels and cheeses varying in firmness and viscoelastic properties. New parameters obtained from digital image correlation and Breuckmann scanning systems were related to the textural properties of the cheeses and their simulants. These parameters may be used to develop models predicting accurately the sensory texture of food from instrumental measurements
Peres, Christophe. "Caractérisation rapide des fromages par spectrométrie de masse : application à l'estimation des caractéristiques sensorielles." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002INAP0025.
The potential of mass spectrometry-based techniques was assessed for the purpose of developing new rapid analysis methods to evaluate the sensory characteristics of cheese. First, the direct coupling of mass spectrometry with each of the 3 headspace extraction methods (static headspace, solid phase microextraction, and dynamic headspace) and the Curie point pyrolysis technique, allowed us to develop and rank 4 analytical methods Second, by means of a bank of odor profiles made up beforehand by an expert panel, the SPME-MS and DHS-MS spectral fingerprints were used to estimate 14 cheese aroma descriptors. 2 poorly predicted descriptors showed the intrinsic limits of the instrumentation for aroma associated with non-specific mass fragments. Five descriptors could not be modeled because of non-pertinent sensory information
Saltaji, Sabrina. "Étude de l’apport de flores microbiennes issues du lait cru, purifiées par le procédé Bionatif®, appliquées à une production fromagère." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LAROS033.
Starter cultures confer enhanced properties to improve organoleptic, sensory and nutritional attributes upon the cheese matrix. The subject of this PhD project was the patented Bionatif® process. That process purifies raw milk from hygiene and spoilage microflora. Then, it restores a functional Undefined Mixed Starter Culture (UMSC) to the cheesemaker. That unique UMSC is composed of an intra-specific bacterial diversity specific to the terroir where the raw milk is collected.This work fixed two goals: i) to characterize the diversity of the UMSC and study their metabolic potential, ii) to study the expression of the UMSC in soft cheese technology. The UMSC intra-specific diversity study highlighted some bacterial variants of the L. lactis species. UMSC's L. lactis isolates showed superior and diversified metabolic properties through the expression of their sugar metabolism (D-xylose, D-tagatose, etc.). A comparative genome study confirmed this result and could link these metabolic properties to an environmental origin. L. lactis isolates also possess rich CRISPR-Cas clusters. These clusters could confer them a high resistance against bacteriophages. Besides, an antimicrobial potential has been phenotypically observed and then confirmed through genomic studies. In soft cheese technology, the comparison between defined starter cultures designed under laboratory conditions and UMSC from the Bionatif® process demonstrated that the more complex and diversified the bacterial consortium of the UMSC, the better the sensory and rheological properties of the cheese
Nacef, Mohamed Menouar. "Maroilles fermiers et industriels : quelles sont les différences ? : Une approche pluridisciplinaire allant du consommateur aux caractérisations sensorielles, physico-chimiques et microbiologiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LIL1R077.
Today, the consumer is looking for qualitative authentic products. These quality standards are embodied by traditional, “de terroir” or craft products. Among these products, cheese is a valuable food of the French culinary history. In this context, this thesis focused on the study of an AOP cheese: the Maroilles. A multidisciplinary approach (sensory, physicochemical and microbiological analyses) was conducted with the objective of characterizing artisanal (raw milk-based) and industrial Maroilles (pasteurized milk-based). Sensory analyses revealed that consumers were able to perceive differences between these two types of Maroilles. These differences in perception could be explained by physicochemical (composition, texture, color) and microbiological analyses. In addition, the quality of Maroilles in terms of hedonic appreciations and sensory descriptions can be predicted from instrumental measurements, in particular the fatty acid composition. Concomitantly, the quality of Maroilles perceived by the consumer is strongly dependent on the consumer's familiarity with this product. A consumer study, carried out in two cities in France (Lille, the region of origin of Maroilles and Angers outside the Maroilles production region) showed that Maroilles' familiarity in terms of consumption frequency and knowledge influences the appreciation and consumer attitudes. In addition, the familiarity changes the representations that consumers make of artisanal Maroilles. Maroilles is a cheese that keeps its authenticity and its typicality by its inter-product variability, which constitutes a wealth and a variety of choices for consumers
Frétin, Marie. "Construction de la qualité sensorielle des fromages de type Cantal : rôle des interactions entre les communautés microbiennes et la composition de la matière grasse laitière des fromages." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016CLF22776/document.
The sensory quality of raw milk cheeses varies according to cow diet but the underlying mechanisms are still poorly understood. The aim of this PhD work was to understand the respective roles and possible interactions between the biochemical and microbiological milk components, modulated by cow diet, on the development of the sensory properties of cheeses. In the frame of a long term experiment comparing two groups of cows managed in two grazing systems qualified of “extensive” (EXT) or “semi-intensive” (SEMI), we made Cantal-type cheeses using milk varying both in its biochemical and microbial composition. The structure of the bacterial communities of the teat skin of dairy cows, and to a lesser extent, that of milk and cheese varied according to the production systems. Our results confirm that the teat skin is a potential reservoir of microbial diversity not only for the microbiota of milk but also for cheese. The EXT cheeses were characterized by a more melting and sticky texture and a thinner rind compared to the SEMI cheeses. However, due to the similarity of the biochemical and microbiological composition of the milks from both systems, the flavour of the resulting cheeses was little impacted. Therefore, we designed a second trial aiming at controlling the microbial composition of milk and accentuating the difference of milk fat composition, via cow diet (maize silage vs pasture). We made Cantal-type cheeses from two pasteurized creams with different fatty acid profiles added to the same skimmed milk. The milk fat composition had a strong influence on cheese texture but it played a minor role on the development of cheese flavour. The cream rich in saturated fatty acids was associated to a higher relative abundance of bacterial / fungal starter strains and of dominant OTUs on the surface of cheese, and to the development of a thicker rind. By comparison, the rind of cheeses made with the cream rich in unsaturated fatty acids was characterized by a higher fungal diversity and the presence of sub-dominant species in greater relative abundance. This thesis provides new knowledge on the effect of the composition of milk fat on the microbial balance and on the development of the sensory characteristics of cheeses, and more specifically on the influence of both biochemical and microbiological components of milk on the aspect of the rind of mature cheeses
Brethenet-Boeuf, Véronique. "Contribution à l'étude du rôle des bactéries lactiques mésophiles (lactococcus lactis et leuconostoc mesenteroides) sur la flaveur de fromages frais." Dijon, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997DIJOS043.
Gilbert, Laura. "Caractérisation physico-chimique et sensorielle d'ingrédients cosmétiques : Une approche méthodologique." Phd thesis, Université du Havre, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00956601.
Loescher, Eleonore. "Evaluations instrumentales et sensorielles de la texture de produits alimentaires de type semi-liquide : application aux cas de fromages blancs et de compotes." Massy, ENSIA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003EIAA0128.
Dubé, Caroline. "Caractérisation de souches bactériocinogènes de Lactococcus lactis spp. lactis isolées de fromages au lait cru." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/ftp01/MQ33623.pdf.
Lavoie, Karine. "Caractérisation microbiologique des laits du terroir québécois servant à la production de fromages de spécialité." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27677/27677.pdf.
Hennequin, Didier. "Composition, structure et texture des fromages à pate molle : une analyse multidimensionnelle pour une approche scientifique de l'innovation." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL001N.
Agioux, Laure. "Conception et validation d'un outil d'aide à l'estimation de l'état sensoriel des fromages en cours d'affinage : Application à l'affinage d'un fromage à pâte molle et à croûte fleurie." Paris, Institut national d'agronomie de Paris Grignon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003INAP0010.
Cheese ripening is a food process not highly automated, for which the quality of the final products depends on the know-how and the skills of the cheese maker. In regards to this concept, the work conducted aimed at bringing information to the cheese maker, about ripening states of a soft mould cheese. Data about the know-how and sensory techniques used by expert cheese makers were collected. In parallel, sensory and physico-chemical data were measured on a regular basis in a cellar under controlled laboratory conditions: ambient temperature, relative humidity and constant ventilation. The data collected enabled to develop a computer model to help the cheese maker estimating the sensory states of cheeses during ripening. This model is based on two concepts:- a computer program developed using the expertise of cheese makers and a fuzzy symbolic approach, that enable estimating ripening state obtained from sensory data. - a combination of multiple linear regressions and neural networks which gives non-direct sensory data obtained from physico-chemical data. The combination of both concepts brings satisfactory estimation of the remaining ripening time required. Estimated data were compared to experimental data collected under controlled laboratory conditions and under traditional cellar's conditions to validate the model. In 70 % of the analysis conducted, the estimated remaining time is similar to the experimental one, with a 2 days standard deviation - when a 4 days standard deviation is used, the similarity rate between both the estimated and experimental remaining times increases to 93 %
Cibik, Recep. "Leuconostocs isolés de fromages traditionnels francais : identification classique et moléculaire, caractérisation biochimique et moléculaire du système autolytique." Dijon, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000DIJOS017.
Avalos, de la Cruz Dora Angélica. "Faisabilité de la production au Mexique de fromages de chèvre additionnés de piment : aspects technologiques, sensoriels, sanitaires et économiques." Thesis, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007INPL015N/document.
In Mexico, the goat’s cheeses are not very much consumed outside production zones. The objective of this study was to obtain a cheese with chilli pepper (Capsicum annuum var. jalapeño). The technology, sensorial parameters for acceptance, hygienic and economical aspects were analyzed. A simple manufacturing process of goat cheeses with chilli pepper was developed. Eleven cheeses with fourth concentrations of capsaicinoids (0, 5, 10 and 15 ppm) were evaluated by two untrained groups: Mexicans and French. Cheeses without chilli pepper and lightly spiced (5 ppm) with red jalapeño and capsaicinoids were well appreciated by French subjects. These cheeses as well as fairly spiced ones (10 ppm), whatever the source of spiciness, were appreciated by Mexicans. The appreciation of cheeses decrease with the increase in red colour intensity. Yoghourt bacteria (S. thermophilus and Lb. delbrueckii) appeared more sensitive to the aqueous red pepper jalapeño extract and no effect could be shown on the studied negative Gram bacteria. The economic survey showed that a goat’s exploitation production-spiced cheese manufacture is profitable. The project is not very sensitive to a variation of 15% in cost of food, labour, sum of both and to 8% of profit rate. It is sensitive but feasible with a variation (15%) of the selling price of the cheese and very sensitive to a decrease of 50% in output and it is not economically interesting if the company produces only milk
Bord, Cécile. "Impact du traitement thermique sur les perceptions sensorielles et les préférences des consommateurs pour les fromages à pâte persillée : cas de la fourme d'Ambert." Thesis, Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015CLF22567/document.
PDO cheeses through their specifications are recognized for a quality in relation to a geographical origin, technical know-how, and a typical gustative quality. Despite a good consumption of PDO cheeses, the marketed volumes decreased for most of them. In order to make them more attractive, some cheeses as Blue cheeses could be used as “cheeses ingredient”. Cheeses are usually consumed at the end of a meal but a new trend is emerging: cheeses are more and more used in culinary preparations, both hot (pizza, gratin, sauce) and cold (sandwiches, salads). The main objective of this study was to firstly highlight the impact of heating on sensory properties of French PDO Blue cheeses and more particularly Fourme d’Ambert. The water-soluble fraction which plays an important role in the favour of cheeses was secondly studied in order to evaluate the impact of heating on this extract. The last objective consisted in measuring the consumers liking towards cold and heated cheeses. Therefore, sensory and biochemical methods were performed to describe crude cheeses and liking. The first study highlighted the impact of heating on both textural properties and flavour of four PDO blue-type cheeses. The main results showed that PDO cheeses present different culinary properties and thus are compatible with a use into hot preparations. The first step allowed to select a model cheese: Fourme d’Ambert. The second step consisted in studying the impact of heating on the crude cheeses and on the water-soluble fraction. In parallel, the gross composition was performed on soluble fractions and cheeses according to heating treatment. Although no treatment difference was observed on the water-soluble fraction gustatory profile, a slight difference was showed on certain chemical constituents between the water-soluble extracts. The last step was focused on the consumers liking towards cold and heated cheeses. The results showed that cheeses were much appreciated whatever heating treatments highlighting a slightly preference towards heated cheeses. Moreover, 3 groups of consumers were formed based on different preferences. One group preferred heated cheeses while two others groups preferred cold cheeses. Consumers’ group preferences were explained by means of sensory profiles and open-ended questions responses.Finally, this study shows the opportunities of new culinary uses for Blue cheeses. Sensory methods application had allowed to provide detailed information on heating properties of blue cheeses. In addition, consumers’ acceptance reinforce that PDO cheeses can be used in cold or heated preparations
Le, Gloan-Turgis Sylvie. "Caractérisation physicochimique du lait décationisé et de ses retentats : utilisation des produits décationisés en technologie des fromages frais." Brest, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987BRES2037.
Dacremont, Catherine. "Contribution à la caractérisation de trois descripteurs de texture : croustillant, craquant et croquant par des approches accoustiques et sensorielles." Dijon, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992DIJOS040.
Abbas, Khaled. "Effet de traitements thermiques sur les propriétés fonctionnelles de fromages traditionnels : le cas des pâtes persillées." Phd thesis, Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand II, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00724803.
Sabiri, Noura. "Caractérisation du toucher des surfaces polymères, essais de corrélation entre analyse sensorielle : Mise au point d'un matériau à toucher "soft"." Paris, CNAM, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CNAM0624.
Aux différents cirtères tels que durabilité et confort, toujours pris en compte pour l'achat d'un véhicule, viennent maintenant s'ajouter des critères dedimensions sensorielles comme l'odorat et le toucher. C'est sur l'évlauation de ce dernier cirtère qu'a porté notre étude. Les matières plastiques étant largement utilisées dans l'habitacle automomobile, c'est à leur toucher quue nous nous intéressons particulièrement. Actuellement, seule l'analyse sensorielle permet de carctériser le toucher, mais cette analyse est particulièrement difficile à mettre en oeuvre. C'est pourquoi, nous essayons d'évaluer le toucher à l'aide de mesures physiques adaptées telles que des essais de frottement et de rugosité. La première partie de ce travail consiste tout d'abord à s'assurer de la fiabilité des résultats de l'analyse sensorielle en se basabt sur des critères précis (répétabilité, cohérence, finesse d'analyse), Nous déterminons ensuite le coefficient de frottement et la rugisité de surface d'échantillons variés. Cette étude est précédée par une démarche statistique ayant pour but d'étudier la fiabilité de processus de mesure. Puis, nous essayons d'établir une corrélation entre les résultats de l'analyse sensorielle pour les descripteurs "Glissant" et "Râpeux" et les résultats de mesures physiques associées. Dans la deuxième partie, nous présentons une étude sur l'amélioration du toucher des matériaux à bas de polypropylène utilisés dabs les piéces d'intérieur automobile. L'objectif est ici d'obtenir un matériau à toucher "soft" pour remplacer des pièces revêtues de peinture "soft", tout en gardant les propriétés mécaniques exigées par le cahier des charges
Carcano, Didier. "Texture du yaourt brassé : caractérisation et influence de paramètres bio-technologiques." Lille 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LIL10126.
Morvan, Myriame. "Caractérisation des odeurs de matériaux de l'habitacle automobile par "nez électronique", analyse sensorielle et analyse physico-chimique." Toulouse, INPT, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPT026G.
Brard, Margot. "Méthodologies statistiques pour le recueil et l’analyse de données de caractérisation de grands ensembles de stimuli - Application à la caractérisation sensorielle de produits & à la caractérisation de gestes culinaires." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NSARG017/document.
In the agri-food sector, the characterization of culinary techniques - through their observation and analysis - is increasingly seen as a lever for innovation. By analyzing how their products are used in the kitchen by the users (consumers or professionals), the manufacturers can detect improvement tracks or ideas for new products.In this research, we propose new methods dedicated to the characterization of culinary techniques. Their innovative nature is based on the fact that they are based on a quantitative approach, and not on a qualitative approach as is usually the case. They partially draw their inspiration in two methods of characterization used in sensory analysis: the free sorting and the binary Q-methodologyWe see how methodological developments brought to the latter make it possible to characterize large sets of stimuli. These developments are both related to the procedure of data collection and to the procedure of statistical analysis of the data. In particular, we propose several statistical procedures to address various issues: the statistical analysis of a set of partitions containing missing data, the unsupervised agreement-based clustering of a set of profiles of binary evaluations, etc.Then, we see that these two 'improved' quantitative methods of characterization can be successfully applicable to culinary techniques
Ammar, El Ghoul Chiraz. "Elaboration d’un protocole de caractérisation des matériaux goniochromes." Thesis, Lille 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL10061/document.
Iridescent materials change their colour with the geometry of illumination and observation. The growth of their use in domains like automotive painting and cosmetics constitutes an important issue for appearance control. The aim of this work is to develop a protocol for evaluating the characteristics of goniochromism perception. Both instrumental and sensory measurements allowed us to determine the relevant physical and sensorial attributes characterising these materials. A confrontation of the results of both evaluations was carried out in order to express the sensory characteristics of the goniochromic materials according to instrumentally measurable quantities
Sahnoun, Mehdi. "Caractérisation et modélisation de l'influence des paramètres de structure des étoffes sur l'évaluation mécanique et sensorielle de leur toucher." Mulhouse, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MULH0701.
The hand of fabrics can be described using many different ways. This PhD has permitted to study the two most important aspects of the fabdcs hand : physical evaluabon and testing by human. The constitution of a samples basis by changing the structural parameters of the yarn (process, quality, twist, count) and for the knitted fabrics used for this study (cover coefficient) has permitted, first, to study the variations of the physical characteristics and the human évaluation linguistic features (defined either by un expert or a sensodal panel) due to the variation of the fabrication process parameters, then to create a model using fuzzy sets methods to link the three parameters groups : process parameters, physical characteristics and the human évaluation linguistic features. Actually, in this study, a method permîtting to compare different sensorial panel is descdpted
Fontoin, Hélène. "Caractérisation chimique et sensorielle des tanins du raisin et des vins rouges : application de capteurs potentiométriques : la langue électronique." Bordeaux 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007BOR21468.
Prieur-Delorme, Corinne. "Caractérisation chimique des procyanidols de pépins de raisin "Vitis vinifer" : Applications à l'étude des propriétés organoleptiques des vins." Montpellier 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON20209.
Ballester, Jordi. "Mise en évidence d'un espace sensoriel et caractérisation des marqueurs relatifs à l'arôme des vins issus du cépage Chardonnay." Dijon, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004DIJOS055.
Boudaoud, Nawal. "Potentialités d'utilisation du nez électronique à spectromètre de masse pour la caractérisation de la fraction volatile du liège oenologique." Phd thesis, INAPG (AgroParisTech), 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001930.
Lun, Bertrand. "Contribution à la caractérisation et à la modélisation des Bas Médicaux de Compression." Thesis, Lille 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LIL10180.
This work is related to the medical compression stocking (MCS). These products belong to the medical devices class 1 (EU Directive 93-42). As leg wear (below knee stocking, thigh and panty), their purpose is to exert interface pressure on limbs aiming to provide a therapeutic effect within the treatment programs for venous diseases and lymphatic disorders. The objective of this thesis is to build a set of methods to characterize the various functionalities of MCS corresponding, on the one hand, to the formal medical requirements and, on the other hand, to the patient’s personal expectations. The document is divided into 4 chapters. The first chapter highlights the role of MCS in treatment protocols for venous diseases and lymphatic disorders. A short introduction to textile materials begins the second chapter which is dedicated to the techniques of constitutive law Identification. From the constitutive law (of MCS materials as yarns and knitted fabric), it is then possible to build calculation procedures which allow us to determine the pressure (medical requirements) exerted by MCS on the legs. The notion of static and dynamic pressure is presented. The goal of the third chapter is to quantify the patient/product sensory interface in the field of touch, thermal comfort and visual aspects. These parameters are related to the patient’s expectations. Last but not least, when considering the patient as a major component of the treatment program, some concepts of Fuzzy Logic are involved to study the MCS perception of the patients. This global approach, aiming to characterize formal medical requirements and patient’s personal needs, contributes to improve the treatment compliance, and subsequently to optimize the treatment
Jerbi, Walid. "Développement d'un système de caractérisation en ligne de la qualité d'uniformité d'un matériau nontissé par méthode optique." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10188/document.
Competition and development of the nonwovens industry push to invent and design more efficient and economical production lines. In this context, and in order to be able to meet the market requirements, the control of the nonwoven products quality and the manufacturing processes is the key to success. Some of the structural parameters of a nonwoven product can be measured objectively, while others depend on a subjective appreciation. This work focuses on the uniformity property of the nonwoven product. This property deals with the distribution of fibres in the web structure. The control of this structural parameter could improve both the economical and technical aspects of the nonwoven product. Several methods and techniques for measuring the uniformity properties of the nonwoven product are presented in the literature. These methods use different approaches and often their results do not converge. Since no standard or reference method exists for assessing the uniformity property of a nonwoven product, we propose to use the sensory panel technique. After analysing the assessors' observations and notes, this technique allows us not only to well understand the uniformity notion but also to establish a standard reference. This standard reference will be used in order to evaluate any newly proposed objective method for uniformity evaluation. Once the descriptors extracted from the observation of the assessors in the sensory panel, a new multi-criteria objective method of uniformity evaluation is proposed. This new method is then compared to the results of the sensory panel and the other existing methods
Colin-Henrion, Muriel. "De la pomme à la pomme transformée : impact du procédé sur deux composés d?intérêt nutritionnel Caractérisation physique et sensorielle des produits transformés." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351179.
Koenig, Lea. "Démarche taxonomique appliquée à la structuration hiérarchique d’un lexique aromatique et application à la caractérisation sensorielle des vins par une méthode HRATA." Thesis, Nantes, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ONIR144F.
The aromatic characterization of wines turns out to be a complex task, even for well-trained assessors. To gain ease, a common way consists in grouping terms into odor categories and organizing them by wheels. In this thesis, a new methodology, called Hierarchical-Rate-All-That-Apply (HRATA), is proposed. It combines a hierarchical structuration of the set of attributes together with Rate-All-That-Apply (RATA) notation. The HRATA methodology is then applied for the aromatic characterization of wines. In the first part, the structuration of a lexicon of aromatic terms is defined on the basis of a free sorting experiment. The representation of the proximities between terms is carried out by means of additive trees. An original partitioning technique is proposed, on the basis of an additive tree, which makes it possible to set up the taxonomic structuration of the lexicon. Particular attention is also paid to the influence of expertise in the structuration of an aromatic lexicon of wine. The hierarchical structure, thus obtained, is finally integrated into a sensory evaluation by means of a RATA rating. This new methodology HRATA provides a user-friendly characterization for subjects since they can rate descriptive terms from a wide variety of attributes, general or specific, depending on their individual sensitivity. From a statistical point of view, an adaptation of the usual techniques is carried out for the identification of discriminating attributes and the determination of a product map
Hammi, Ikram. "Isolement et caractérisation de bactériocines produites par des souches de bactéries lactiques isolées à partir de produits fermentés marocains et de différentes variétés de fromages français." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016STRAF028/document.
Bacteriocins are antimicrobial peptides produced by bacteria naturally immunized against their own bacteriocins. This work has allowed the identification of several strains which produce antimicrobial peptides. These have been purified using different chromatographic techniques. Then, they have been identified and characterized by the measurement of their mass and by the analysis of their structure (proteomic approach/ Edman sequencing). Among the obtained results, there was:- the discovery of a new bacteriocin (maltaricin CPN) produced by C. maltaromaticum and belonging to the class IIa ;- the identification of three new pediocin PA-1 producing species;- the isolation of bacterial strains wich produce multiple bacteriocins belonging to several classes ;- the in vitro determination of a strong antimicrobial activity(affecting pathogens) with some bacteriocins.This work is still underway with the application of two bacteriocin producing strains in fermented milk (Lben) in order to tackle L. monocytogenes
Tajoui, Mostafa. "Contribution à l'étude de la contamination de fromages par listeria spp: recherche de souches bactériennes capables d'inhiber la croissance de listeria monocytogènes et caractérisation des fractions antagonistes." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212455.
Pinho, Paula Guedes de. "Caractérisation des vins de la région de Vinhos Verdes au Portugal : reconnaissance chimique et sensorielle des vins de cépages blancs non Vitis vinifera." Bordeaux 2, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994BOR20308.
Dupont, Erwan. "Caractérisation de la plasticité corticale induite par une privation sensorielle chez le rat et étude des mécanismes par des approches électrophysiologique et moléculaire." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-143-144.pdf.
Mantelet, Mathieu. "Caractérisation biomécanique in situ du système langue-aliment-palais par ultrasons quantitatifs pour une meilleure compréhension des perceptions de texture." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLA036/document.
Agriculture and agri-food industry practices evolve in a deep way to supply a new food offer allowing to address population growth issues, and to meet health and sustainability criteria. However, the success of commercial products emerging from these transformations highly depends on sensory appreciation by the consumer. In particular, texture perceptions have been shown to play a major role in the choices and preferences of consumers.This thesis work fits within the general issue of understanding the mechanisms of texture perception resulting from the mechanical interactions between tongue, food and palate during oral processing. The aim of this thesis lies in the development of a new and original method, based on quantitative ultrasounds, for the non-destructive, non-invasive and real time evaluation of the mechanical properties of the tongue-food-palate system.A bio-mimicking system was developed in the laboratory to reproduce in controlled in vitro conditions, the behavior of tongue-palate system during the compression of a food sample. This system allowed to consider gradually the complexity of the physiological environment, by integrating characteristics related to tongue roughness, lubrication and deformability. A set of model gels of agar and gelatin was developed to obtain a range of food products with contrasting physical and sensory characteristics. Then, a quantitative ultrasound device was designed to measure the ultrasound pulse-echo response of the tongue-food-palate system throughout a uniaxial compression achieved by the bio-mimicking apparatus on the products. Signal processing methods and wave propagation simulation tools were used to develop quantitative indicators related to physical mechanisms occurring in tongue-food system interfaces. Two ultrasonic parameters were then identified: i) the reflectivity of tongue-food interface, which makes it possible to characterize the intimate contact between food and the asperities of tongue surface, and ii) the time of flight of ultrasonic waves through the food sample, which is related to the level of deformation undergone by the sample. Finally, the properties stemming from ultrasonic signals were compared with sensory data estimated on the set of food samples, thanks to a panel of trained judges. “Moist” and “slippery” sensory attributes were for instance shown to correlate with ultrasound reflectivity measurements, which are themselves related to lubrication conditions at tongue-food interface.This thesis work allowed to show the potential of ultrasonic methods to better understand and characterize, in controlled in vitro conditions, physical phenomena which may play an important role in the mechanisms of food texture perception. This work must pave the way for future investigations on the transfer of the technology to in vivo conditions, directly on the consumer
Chaib, Jamila. "Caractérisation des déterminants génétiques et moléculaires de composantes de la texture du fruit de tomate." Montpellier, ENSA, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007ENSA0005.
Martinot, François. "Caractérisation du rôle de la dynamique du toucher dans la perception de textures." Lille 1, 2006. https://ori-nuxeo.univ-lille1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/b39342cc-8dd3-42f3-83cd-c03147fe8f65.
Rannou, Cécile. "Caractérisation de l’odeur du pain : influence des procédés de fabrication et du mélange des composés volatils sur la perception de l’odeur." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2137.
Blanchard, Coralie. "Etude des facteurs influençant la structure et la texture de produits céréaliers alvéolés de cuisson semi-humide : une approche instrumentale et sensorielle de caractérisation de la texture." Thesis, Dijon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014DIJOS001/document.
Since texture is the manifestation of structural, mechanical and surface properties of a material, it represents a key characteristic for food materials. It reflects food quality, freshness perception influencing consumer acceptance.Studies encountered in the scientific literature that are devoted to cereal based foods texture are foremost based on bread also biscuits scarcely on cakes. This study entitled ‘study of the different factors influencing the structure and the texture of semi-humid baked aerated cereal products: sensory and instrumental dimensions of texture’ focus on cake softness characterization, set up and evolution. First, the investigation of the influence of soft wheat flour origin, making process and aeration properties on cake texture is proposed. Instrumental characterization of cake texture properties was performed through high deformation using TPA and relaxation tests. Several approaches were attempted to determine cake crumb structure including rheology, microscopy; image analysis and X Ray-Tomography. Sensory characterization of cake texture was achieved through descriptive texture profile involving establishment of our trained panel. Second, we peer into the functional properties of wheat flour also of its gluten and starch components, physico-chemical methods among which fluid rheology, differential scanning calorimetry, optic microscopy and X-Ray powder diffraction are employed. The results are discussed in terms of physical and chemical changes that cake dough ingredients undergo upon making process. This investigation highlights that several parameters are substantially involved in cake structure set up and final texture perception. Suitable flour choice (composition, components quality) and aeration management are critical factors for the elaboration of a product to be perceived the softest as possible. Also, regarding evolution of texture, it is possible to state on the selection of a product whether than another at early development stages allowing anticipate on consumer acceptance
Rincon, Mejia Carlos Andrés. "Caractérisation des émissions gazeuses et des odeurs en compostage : étude de la corrélation entre la concentration d'odeur et la composition chimique des émissions." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S019/document.
Waste valorization through composting and methanization are actively promoted by the EU policies. However, these waste recycling technologies face a crucial challenge regarding the release and control of odorous and hazardous gas emissions. Indeed, odor pollution is the principal cause for public opposition to waste processing, leading to the closure and lawsuits for waste treatment units. Currently, there is a lack of odor and chemical emissions inventories to support odor and air pollution management plans due to the complexity of odor assessments, generally involving sensory and chemical analysis. Hence, the aim of this PhD thesis was to characterize extensively the gas emissions and odors released during the composting process. To this end, the patterns of odor and pollutant emissions were first traced throughout different operational stage of composting process, namely, storage, active phase, turning and curing. The results showed that the active phase and turning played a pivotal role in odor nuisance generations which were mainly caused by volatile sulfur compounds (VSC). Then, further efforts were focused on characterizing the gas emissions released along the composting active phase of fifteen solid wastes and digestate. The results corroborated the relevance of VSC on odors production during composting and enabled to differentiate the odor impact of gas emissions as a function of the wastes’ feedstock. The last part of this research work was devoted to correlate both, sensory and chemical measurements, through univariate and multivariate regression analysis to ease and strength odor monitoring in waste treatment units. Notably, a partial least squares model improved odor concentration prediction based on the chemical composition of emitted gases
Matamoros, Sébastien. "Caractérisation de bactéries lactiques psychrotrophes en vue de leur utilisation dans la biopréservation des aliments : étude physiologique et moléculaire des mécanismes d'adaptation au froid." Nantes, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NANT2129.
Lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from seafood products and clustered according to their inhibiting capacities against 14 food borne spoiling and pathogenic strains in order to develop applications in biopreservation. Most of the strains were identified as Leuconostoc gelidum and Lactococcus piscium. Detailed identification of one strain of the Lactococcus piscium strains suggests that it is a new specie. According to sensory analysis results, 2 strains belonging to the Leuconostoc gelidum specie were the most efficient for the enhancement of the shelf life of vacuum packed peeled and cooked shrimps. Similar results were obtained in cold smoked salmon with one strains of Lactococcus sp. A challenge test against three pathogenic strains (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Vibrio cholerae) was performed in cold smoked salmon. The Lc. Sp. EU2241 strain (non bacteriocinogenic) enabled a more efficient inhibition of the pathogens than the Ln. Gelidum EU2247 strain (bacteriocinogenic). The maximum recorded inhibition was 2 logs compared to the uninoculated samples. Growth characteristics of strain Lc. Sp. EU2241 were determined at different temperatures showed an optimal growth at 26°C and no growth at 29°C or above. Proteomic analysis showed a cold shock protein overproduction during growth at 5°C. The gene coding for this protein was identified and sequenced. Overproduction of a cold shock protein during growth at suboptimal temperature has never been described in a lactic acid bacterium before
Yosouf, Khaldon. "Contribution à la caractérisation du bruit de frottement des étoffes : application au prêt-à-porter (cas du vêtement furtif)." Thesis, Mulhouse, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MULH8214/document.
This work aims to characterize and analyze the frictional noise of textile materials generated during the activity of a subject (walking and running). This work contributes to the physical characterization of frictional noise characterized by physical parameters of sound (noise) and thanks to a new method of treatment of the acoustic signal, Stokwell-transform. Sensory evaluation of frictional noise was conducted by trained panelists using the Quantitative Descriptive Analysis method. In this context, the influence of the weave patterns of raw cotton fabrics on sound properties was analyzed. Correlations between the mechanical parameters of the fabric which describe the surface and the compressional proprieties of fabrics (measured by the Kawabata Evaluation System) and the sound level of the frictional noise were conducted. Correlations between the noise level and sensory descriptors were also conducted. The sounds of a man's jacket, fabricated in two types of prototypes with sleeves variants were analyzed in situation case, in an anechoic room. According to the treatment of acoustic signal, the twill 3 weave pattern is the noisiest one with a most important level sound and highest amplitude for the two types of movement (walking and running). The satin 4 weave pattern, which is the less noisy, presents a sound level and its highest amplitude is the less important. The frequency of highest amplitude is less important for twill 3 than satin 4. The results obtained by sensory analysis are coherent with the results obtained by instrumental characterization. The subjects participating to sensory evaluation of frictional noise of these fabrics perceived that the noise of satin 4 as the most muffled and most homogeneous noise, while the noise of twill 3 was perceived as the most dynamic and the most disharmonic one. Proposed models express that the sound level increases with the surface roughness and decreases with the resilience and the compression energy. The more sound level is important, the more the noise is perceived as polyphonic and scratching. The noise generated by the friction of the jacket with the two types of sleeves is similar whatever the evaluation
Ledauphin, Jérôme. "Caractérisation chimique et sensorielle de Calvados "sortie alambic" : Identification des composés volatils et des marqueurs olfactifs par chromatographie en phase gazeuse couplée à la spectrométrie de masse et olfactométrie." Caen, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003CAEN2027.
Coulon, Cécile. "Méthode de caractérisation systémique du fonctionnement de la vigne à partir de l'évaluation des effets combinés du milieu et des pratiques culturales pour prévoir les types de vins." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00989784.
Beaupré, Mathieu. "Characterization of on-line sensors for water quality monitoring and process control = : Caractérisation des capteurs en ligne dans le domaine de la qualité de l'eau et du contrôle de prodécé." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/22104.
Hue, Clotilde. "Caractérisation de la fermentation du cacao : recherche de bio-marqueurs en relation avec la qualité organoleptique." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014MON20009.
In a difficult economic context for "premium" chocolate makers, the control of the organoleptic quality of the raw material is an imperative and a competitive advantage.The aromatic quality of a chocolate is highly related to post-harvest treatment and particularly to the fermentation. This step is essential to the development of sensory characteristics.However, cocoa quality control tools are mainly based on sensory evaluation of samples. This method is expensive and time consuming.Fast and robust tools for quality analysis are needed. This study aims at characterizing the course of the fermentation in order to select specific markers of the quality of cocoa. The study focused on markers which can be measured on plantation (through the evolution of temperature and pH), and those from biochemical transformations of the beans (nitrogenous and polyphenol type). These markers have been then compared to data from traditional quality methods (cut-test and ammonia nitrogen quantification) and to sensory data in order to select the most relevant ones for the control of fermentation. The overall analysis of the database enabled to identify eight analytical bio-markers and three sensory bio-markers, representative of the quality of cocoa and in connection with the development of fermentation. In addition, recommendations for methods of measuring these bio-markers to implement and to monitor the quality have been presented
Thibaud, Fannie. "Contribution à la caractérisation des notes aromatiques associées au vieillissement des eaux-de-vie de Cognac : Impact de la distillation avec lies." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0281.
Cognac is a complex and evolving matrix due to its production process. The objective of this research was to progress in the knowledge of the volatile compounds involved in Cognac eaux-de-vie aged in oak casks, focusing in particular on the specificities of eaux-de-vie whose wines were distilled with their lees.After the evaluation of the sensory impact of the distillation with lees in eaux-de-vie of several vintages, the molecular determinants associated to the odor zones of interest were investigated using various fractionation techniques (vacuum distillation, HPLC, mono and bidimensional gas chromatography) coupled to sensory and analytical methods of characterization (olfactometry, mass spectrometry). The coupling of these approaches has brought to highlight odorous zones reminiscent of aging notes such as fresh fruit, cooked fruit, exotic wood, balsamic and spicy. Thus, Cognac aging impact and modality of wine distillation with lees have been studied for multiple chemical families such as fermentative aromas, diethyl acetals and terpenes as well as many other compounds such as 3-methyl-2,4-nonanedione. The olfactory detection thresholds of each compound we determined in order to evaluate their direct sensory impacts within the matrix. In addition, original perceptual interactions phenomenon involving volatile compounds belonging to different chemical families have been highlighted in this work
Dalmasso, Marion. "Etude de l'influence du repiquage sur la complexité des lactosérums levains. Application aux modèles fromagers de type pâte pressée non cuite et de type mixte à dominante lactique." Chambéry, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CHAMS006.
The aim of this work was to study the influence of backslopping on the LAB composition of natural whey starters (NWS), and consequently on the cheese characteristics. A ten-day model cheesemaking protocol was built to follow the evolution of NWS, according to two cheese-making processes -non-cooked cow milk cheese or lactic acid goat milk cheese. A starter made of three known lactococci was used the first day. During the nine following days, the whey was daily collected, incubated and finally used to seed the milk of the following day. The milk used to make cheese was pasteurized and re-seeded with known strains of LAB to mimic the contribution of the raw milk microflora. Lactococci dominated in the whey and during the ripening. The dominant lactococci derived from the three-strain starter used on the first day. According to the REP-PCR profiles, the diversity among these dominant lactococci was poor. A polyphasic approach showed rapid modifications amongst strains concerning in particular their acidification ability. The chromosomal DNA was also altered, which was noticed by comparing PFGE profiles. This work demonstrated that NWS acquired a rapid specificity thanks to the backslopping practice. In ripened cheeses, the β casein rate seemed to decrease from one cheese to the next. We presumed that the addition of NWS to the milk led to a progressive increase of plasmin concentration in milk. A reduction of hydrophobic peptides known for their contribution to the bitterness development was also observed between day 1 and day 10. This was confirmed by the sensorial analysis. The backslopping practice seemed to increase the elasticity of cheese and to decrease bitter tastes