Статті в журналах: "Carbon composites Testing"

1

Sosa, Edward D., Erica S. Worthy, and Thomas K. Darlington. "Microwave Assisted Manufacturing and Repair of Carbon Reinforced Nanocomposites." Journal of Composites 2016 (October 13, 2016): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7058649.

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We report a composite capable of advanced manufacturing and damage repair. Microwave energy is used to induce thermal reversible polymerization of the matrix allowing for microwave assisted composite welding and repair. Composites can be bonded together in just a few minutes through microwave welding. Lap shear testing demonstrates that microwave welded composites exhibit 40% bond strength relative to composites bonded with epoxy resin. Double cantilever beam testing shows 60% recovery in delamination strength after microwave assisted composite repair. The interfacial adhesion and composite repair after microwave exposure are examined by X-ray computed tomography. The microwave processing is shown to be reproducible and consistent. The ability to perform scalable manufacturing is demonstrated by the construction of a large structure from smaller components.

2

Nazem Salimi, Masoumeh, Mehdi Torabi Merajin, and Mohammad Kazem Besharati Givi. "Enhanced mechanical properties of multifunctional multiscale glass/carbon/epoxy composite reinforced with carbon nanotubes and simultaneous carbon nanotubes/nanoclays." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 6 (August 20, 2016): 745–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316655201.

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Hybrid composites are being used in a wide variety of applications especially in the aircraft industry. Therefore, it would be of great use to develop a hybrid composite with a high mechanical performance. With this premise, this studyaimed to imbed secondary nanoscale reinforcement into the matrix of glass/carbon/epoxy composite where amino multi-walled carbon nanotubes and hybridization of amino multi-walled carbon nanotube and Nanoclay (Cloisite 30B) were utilized. The tensile, flexural and impact properties of hybrid composites were evaluated and a comparative study between hybrid composite reinforced with amino-MWCNTs and simultaneous amino-MWCNTs and Nanoclay was conducted. The fractured surfaces of tensile testing and bending testing specimens were characterized with a high precise field emission scanning electron microscopy. The results of the tensile test revealed that incorporation of amino-MWCNTs reduced the ultimate strength of hybrid composite, while the elastic modulus of composite with combination of amino-MWCNTs and Nanoclay increased. It was demonstrated that incorporation of nanotubes and simultaneous presence of both amino MWCNTs and Nanoclay could enhance exclusively the flexural strength of conventional hybrid composite by up to 10.5% and 22% respectively. Also, simultaneous presence of nano-fillers resulted in 12.2% enhancement of impact strength of hybrid composite where amino-MWCNTs exclusively increased it by up to 49.9%. Morphological characterization of composites indicated to strengthen interfacial interaction of fabrics to epoxy when matrix reinforced with nano-fillers, especially in combination of both nanotubes and nanoclays.

3

Arun A.K, Satish Hiremath, Kavyashree R, and Md Imamali. "Fabrication and Testing of Novel Hybrid Carbon Composite for Aircraft Applications." ACS Journal for Science and Engineering 2, no. 1 (March 1, 2022): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/acsjse.v2i1.26.

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Even though many advanced composite material fabrication method is available, still hand layup method is a major part of a research work. Hand-layup process is time consuming and inconsistent method, but due its low cost and versatility, this method is used for production of composites. In this project, a hybrid carbon composite has been fabricated and tested for two different compositions. From testing results we studied that carbon-glass composite fiber is tougher than the glass-bagasse-carbon composite fiber and which is harder than the glass-bagasse-carbon composite fiber. The limitation of the carbon-glass composite fiber is more costly than the glass-bagasse-carbon composite fiber but it gives more strength.

4

Wang, Xiaojun, Xuli Fu, and D. D. L. Chung. "Electromechanical study of carbon fiber composites." Journal of Materials Research 13, no. 11 (November 1998): 3081–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/jmr.1998.0420.

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Electromechanical testing involving simultaneous electrical and mechanical measurements under load was used to study the fiber-matrix interface, the fiber residual compressive stress, and the degree of marcelling (fiber waviness) in carbon fiber composites. The interface study involved single fiber pull-out testing while the fiber-matrix contact electrical resistivity was measured. The residual stress study involved measuring the electrical resistance of a single fiber embedded in the matrix while the fiber was subjected to tension through its exposed ends. The marcelling study involved measuring the electrical resistance of a composite in the through-thickness direction while tension within the elastic regime was applied in the fiber direction.

5

Kummerlöwe, Claudia, Norbert Vennemann, and Achim Siebert. "Carbon Nanotube Elastomer Composites." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 322–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.322.

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Composites of multi walled carbon nanotubes and several synthetic rubbers as well as natural rubber were investigated regarding their mechanical properties, electrical and thermal conductivity and vulcanization properties. The composites were prepared by a melt mixing process. Induction and cure times obtained from rheometer curves exhibited a considerable decrease with increasing filler loading and kinetic investigations using a first order model indicated a distinct reduction of the activation energy. An examination of the crosslink density by equilibrium swelling and hysteresis tensile testing showed a strong increase with carbon nanotube content. The analysis of the thermal conductivity revealed the presents of a considerable interfacial thermal resistance which restricts the contribution of carbon nanotubes to the composite thermal conductivity. The electrical percolation thresholds of the melt compounded composites depend on processing procedure as well as elastomer and CNT type. At least a partial exfoliation of the CNT aggregates was reached.

6

Dai, R. L., and W. H. Liao. "Carbon Nanotube Composites for Vibration Damping." Advanced Materials Research 47-50 (June 2008): 817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.47-50.817.

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It has been found that the composites of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and epoxy resin could greatly enhance damping ability while the stiffness is kept high. In this paper, carbon nanotube enhanced epoxy resin is fabricated. A testing apparatus for obtaining composite dynamic properties is set up. In particular, the loss factors are measured. Experimental results show that CNT additive can provide the composite with several times higher damping as compared with pure epoxy. A finite element model is built to simulate the composite damping. CNT diameter and segment length are investigated using the developed model. Results show that composite damping is insensitive to CNT segment length while the effect of CNT diameter on composite damping is significant.

7

Pang, Laixue, Jinsheng Zhang, and Jing Xu. "Preparation and Mechanical Properties of Fe3Al-MWNTs Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 17, no. 4 (July 2008): 096369350801700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350801700404.

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Multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNT) reinforced iron aluminides (Fe3Al) intermetallic matrix composites have been prepared by a conventional (hot pressing) sintering method. Morphological, structural, compositional and mechanical properties investigations have been performed. Compressive testing shows that the composites still display high yield strength. The first results show that carbon nanotubes have been preserved in composite structure during the sintering process.

8

Patro, Brundaban, D. Shashidhar, B. Rajeshwer, and Saroj Kumar Padhi. "Preparation and Testing of PAN Carbon/Epoxy Resin Composites." Open Mechanical Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (June 21, 2017): 14–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874155x01711010014.

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Background: Due to light weight, high performance and excellent mechanical properties, carbon fibers are considered a key material in the 21st century. These are extensively used in many industries for structural usages, such as aerospace, aeronautical, sporting goods applications, and automotive and medical devices, due to their desirable strength to weight properties. Now, these are globally accepted as a high performance and high-strength material. Most of the carbon fibers are derived from polyacrylonitrile fiber precursor. These materials have the potential for fire hazards caused due to heat, smoke, and electric short circuit. Objective: To prepare polyacrylonitrile carbon and epoxy resin laminates in multilayers by hand-lay-up method and testing by ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials) standards. Method: Polyacrylonitrile carbon fiber/epoxy resin composites are prepared using the hand-lay-up method. For the non-destructive testing, the ultrasonic type is used. For the destructive testing, a universal testing machine is used to test the tensile test, the flexural test and the inter-laminar shear stress test, as per the ASTM standard. Subsequently, the physical properties, such as the density test and the fiber content, the resin content and the void content tests of the laminate are carried out. Results: The experimental results show that the matrix laminates have good mechanical and physical properties. Conclusion: Preparation and testing of polyacrylonitrile carbon/epoxy resin composites are carried out and the prepared laminates exhibit good mechanical and physical properties. Hence, the laminates can be used in many industrial and commercial applications, as a composite material.

9

Islam, Md Zahirul, Ali Amiri, and Chad A. Ulven. "Fatigue Behavior Comparison of Inter-Ply and Intra-Ply Hybrid Flax-Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer Matrix Composites." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 7 (July 14, 2021): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5070184.

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Hybridization of natural fiber with synthetic fiber to reinforce polymer matrix composites is an effective way of increasing fatigue strength of composites with substantial amount of bio-based content. Flax is the strongest type of bast natural fiber, possessing excellent mechanical and damping properties. Fatigue properties of flax fiber hybridized with synthetic carbon fiber reinforced polymer matrix composites were studied. Fatigue properties of inter-ply hybrid flax-carbon fiber reinforced composite were compared to intra-ply hybrid flax-carbon fiber reinforced composites through tensile fatigue testing at 70% load of ultimate tensile strength and with a loading frequency of 3 Hz. For similar amount (by mass) of flax and carbon fiber, intra-ply flax-carbon fiber hybrid reinforced composite exhibited a very large increase (>2000%) in fatigue life compared to inter-ply flax-carbon fiber hybrid reinforced composites. Suitable hybridization can produce hybrid composites that are as strong as synthetic fiber composites while containing a high bio-based content of natural fibers.

10

He, Xun Lai, Jun Hui Yin, Zhen Qian Yang, and Hong Wei Liu. "Damage Mechanism Analysis of Carbon Fiber Composites under Compressive Load." Key Engineering Materials 775 (August 2018): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.775.36.

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Carbon fiber composite material with light weight, high strength, corrosion resistance and other characteristics of its impact damage mechanism is different from the traditional metal materials. In this paper, the quasi-static compression of carbon fiber composites was carried out by using a material testing machine to analyze the damage mechanism. The Hopkinson bar technology was used to test the dynamic mechanical properties. The damage mechanism of the carbon fiber composites under dynamic compressive loading was studied. Stress - Strain relationship of composites under Quasi - static and dynamic compressive load. It is found that the main failure mode of out-of-plane direction of carbon fiber composite laminates is brittle shear failure, while the in-plane failure mode shows the properties of brittle materials.

11

Park, Ji Sang, Byung Sun Kim, Jin Bong Kim, and Tae Wook Kim. "Effect of VGCF Addition to Carbon Fabric/Ep." Key Engineering Materials 334-335 (March 2007): 741–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.334-335.741.

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Despite of the excellent properties of carbon nanofiber, the properties of carbon nanofiber filled polymer composite were not improved as much as expected. The usual reason may be not sufficient dispersion of the nanofibers within the composites. For the improvement in the mechanical properties of composites, the carbon nanofiber reinforced hybrid composites was investigated. For the dispersion of the carbon nanofiber, the solution blending method using ultrasonic was used. The hybrid composite was manufactured by the Solution-Dip-Type prepreg manufacturing machine. This machine is consisted of resin bath, curing tower that evaporates solvent and process controller for manufacturing speed. The prepregs were cured in an Autoclave. 3 wt% of carbon nanofiber containing hybrid composite, Carbon Fabric/Ep, was tested by Universal Testing Machine. The tensile strength and modulus were improved by 25% and 35%, respectively. In-plane shear strength and modulus were improved by 45% and 78%, respectively.

12

Jeon, Kyung-Soo, R. Nirmala, Seong-Hwa Hong, Yong-II Chung, R. Navamathavan, and Hak Yong Kim. "A Study on Mechanical Properties of Short Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polycarbonate via an Injection Molding Process." Sensor Letters 18, no. 11 (November 1, 2020): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/sl.2020.4290.

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This manuscript is dealt with the synthesis of short carbon fibers reinforced polycarbonate polymer composite by using injection modeling technique. Four different composite materials were obtained by varying the carbon fibers weight percentage of 10, 20, 30 and 40%. The synthesized carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites were characterized for their morphological, mechanical and thermal properties by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM), universal testing machine (UTM) and IZOD strength test. The resultant carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites exhibited excellent interfacial adhesion between carbon fibers and polycarbonate resin. The tensile properties were observed to be monotonically increases with increasing carbon fiber content in the composite resin. The tensile strength of carbon fiber/polycarbonate composites with the carbon fiber content 40% were increased about 8 times than that of the pristine polycarbonate matrix. The carbon fibers/polycarbonate composites with 40 wt.% of short carbon fibers exhibited a high tensile strength and thermal conductivity. The incorporation of carbon fiber in to polycarbonate resin resulted in a significant enhancement in the mechanical and the thermal behavior. These studies suggested that the short carbon fiber incorporated polycarbonate composite matrix is a good candidate material for many technological applications.

13

Bonnia, Noor Najmi, Aein Afina Redzuan, Siti Norasmah Surip, and Noor Azlina Hassan. "Mechanical Properties of Toughened Polyester Reinforced with Untreated and Treated Kenaf Hybird Carbon Composite." Materials Science Forum 894 (March 2017): 17–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.894.17.

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This research focusing on mechanical properties of rubber toughened polyester filled carbon black (RPCB) reinforced with untreated kenaf (RPCBUK) and treated kenaf (RPCBTK). The samples were fabricated via compression moulding technique in which 3 % of LNR was added as toughening agent in this composite. Percentages of carbon black (CB) is 4 % and kenaf used vary from 5,10,15,20 and 25wt %. The mechanical properties were evaluated by impact and fracture toughness testing. The result for each test was discussed to determine the most optimum loading of kenaf fibre used to produce the best properties of composite. Untreated hybrid composite showed improvement on impact strength as compared to RPCB composite. RPCBTK with 25% of kenaf and RPCBUK with 5% of kenaf loading give the highest impact strength among the hybrid composites, approaching the strength of neat polyester. Same trend shows by fracture toughness testing. The microstructures of the composites’ fracture surface images from scanning electron microscope (SEM) prove the mechanical properties of the hybrid composites.

14

Dúbravčík, Michal. "Application of Natural Fibers in Hybrid Composite Materials." Materials Science Forum 818 (May 2015): 311–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.818.311.

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The presented article deals about hybrid composite materials based on natural fibers and their mechanical testing. It contains test process of composite materials, which contain staple fibers and whole fibers of hemp, cotton, sisal and jute combined with carbon fabric. The objective of the thesis is to confirm or decline the ability of hybrid bio-composites usage in automotive industry following the testing results. Experimental part contains the methods of bio-composites test samples manufacturing and the testing, particularly tensile strength testing and impact test at a bending. The results of this part are statistically evaluated.

15

Xu, Ran, Yong Wang, Run Hong Liu, and Hao Zou. "Research on the Friction and Wear Properties of the Copper Matrix Composites Reinforced with Copperized Carbon Fibers." Applied Mechanics and Materials 556-562 (May 2014): 624–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.556-562.624.

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The aim of this paper is to develop a kind of copper matrix self-lubricious material with excellent friction and wear characteristics. The copper-graphite composites reinforced with short copper-coated carbon fibers (CF-C/Cu) were successfully developed using techniques of mechanical alloying, composite plating and hot press vacuum sintering. For comparison, copper-graphite composites without short copper-coated carbon fibers (C/Cu) were made under the same process. The wear testing was carried out using a rapid wear testing machine (M-200).Friction coefficient was measured by a micro-wear tester (UMT).The microstructure, abrasive dust and worn surface of the wear pins on the different condition such as load and wear time were examined by SEM. It was noted that the addition of copper-coated carbon fiber in the Cu-based composites can retard the transformation process which transforms from micro-cutting wear to adhesive wear and delamination. The abrasion loss of the composites with short copper-coated carbon fibers appeared a valley when the load increased from 10N to 30N. It showed that the addition of copper-coated carbon fiber enhanced the anti-friction and anti-wear property of copper matrix composite and better than the sample without carbon fibers.

16

Tian, Yu Qin, and Jun Long Huo. "The Mechanical and Tribological Properties of Carbon Fiber Reinforced POM Composites." Applied Mechanics and Materials 182-183 (June 2012): 135–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.182-183.135.

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Different contents of carbon fiber were employed as reinforcement for Polyoxymethylene (POM) composite. All filled and unfilled POM composites were tested against CGr15 ball and representative testing was performed. The effects of carbon fiber content on tribological properties of the POM composites were investigated. The worn surface morphologies of pure POM and its composites were examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and the wear mechanisms were discussed. Results show that all filled polyimides have superior tribological characteristics to unfilled ones. The optimum wear reduction was obtained when the content of carbon fiber is 15vol%.

17

Anggrainy, Rani, Riza Wirawan, and Siska Titik Dwiyati. "Pengaruh Konsentrasi NaOH terhadap Sifat Termal Komposit Eceng Gondok dan Carbon Nanotube (CNT) dalam Matriks HDPE." Jurnal Permadi: Perancangan, Manufaktur, Material dan Energi 3, no. 1 (January 29, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.52005/permadi.v3i1.43.

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This study aims to determine the effect of alkali concentration on the thermal properties of HDPE composites with water hyacinth and carbon nanotubes (CNTs). The method used in this study is the experimental method. Composites made of natural fiber filler, the alkali treated water hyacinth. The water hyacinth was also filled was treated in alkali solution at various concentration (0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8%). In addition to using water hyacinth fiber, the carbon nanotube (CNT) in a matrix of high-density polyethylene (HDPE). The composites were made using Rheomix OS machine. Furthermore, thermal testing of composite specimens using machine Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA) were conducted. The results obtained from testing the thermal properties is the thermal resistance value. Thermal resistance of composites with alkali treatment of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, and 8% were 258,9 0C, 259,5 0C, 260,3 0C, 264,0 0C, and 265,9 0C, respectly. Based on these results it can be concluded that the concentration of NaOH improves the thermal resistance of the composite.

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Bakošová, Dana, and Alžbeta Bakošová. "Testing of Rubber Composites Reinforced with Carbon Nanotubes." Polymers 14, no. 15 (July 27, 2022): 3039. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14153039.

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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted growing interest as a filler in rubber nanocomposites due to their mechanical and electrical properties. In this study, the mechanical properties of a NR/BR/IR/SBR compound reinforced with single-wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were investigated using atomic force microscopy (AFM), tensile tests, hardness tests, and a dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA). The tested materials differed in SWCNT content (1.00–2.00 phr) and were compared with a reference compound without the nanofiller. AFM was used to obtain the topography and spectroscopic curves based on which local elasticity was characterized. The results of the tensile and hardness tests showed a reinforcing effect of the SWCNTs. It was observed that an addition of 2.00 phr of the SWCNTs resulted in increases in tensile strength by 9.5%, Young’s modulus by 15.44%, and hardness by 11.18%, while the elongation at break decreased by 8.39% compared with the reference compound. The results of the temperature and frequency sweep DMA showed higher values of storage and loss moduli, as well as lower values of tangent of phase angle, with increasing SWCNT content.

19

Saylık, Ahmet, and Şemsettin Temiz. "Low-speed impact behavior of fiber-reinforced polymer-based glass, carbon, and glass/carbon hybrid composites." Materials Testing 64, no. 6 (June 1, 2022): 820–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mt-2021-2179.

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Abstract Impact is defined as an instantaneous external force applied to a material or structure at low, medium, and high speeds over a very short period of time. In this study, we investigate the impact behavior of glass-epoxy composite (GFRP), carbon-epoxy composite (CFRP), and glass/carbon-epoxy hybrid composite (GCFRP) samples subjected to low-velocity impact testing with varying impact energy levels. Composite plates of 330 × 330 mm2 consisting of eight layers were prepared using the VARTM method for impact experiments. Each composite type was tested with impact energy values of 10, 20, 30, and 40 J and their impact behaviors were examined. It was observed that as impact energy increased, the maximum force and the collapse values increased as well. The GFRP composite samples had the highest impact strength, while the GCFRP hybrid composite samples had poorer impact resistance compared to the GFRP composites and better impact resistance compared to the CFRP composites.

20

Li, Hui, and Karl Englund. "Recycling of carbon fiber-reinforced thermoplastic composite wastes from the aerospace industry." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 9 (September 26, 2016): 1265–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316671796.

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Post-industrial trimmings and off-cuts of carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone composite were successfully recycled into new composite products. The original composites were thermally characterized by dynamic thermomechanical analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and thermogravimetric analysis. Melt-bonding and thermoset adhesives were used to bond the carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone. Performance of the bond was evaluated through double lap-shear tests. The carbon fiber/polyether ether ketone scraps were mechanically refined to a variety of elemental sizes, subsequently subjected to high-temperature hot pressing to form panel composites. The influences of element size and processing temperature were evaluated through mechanical testing.

21

Bale, Jefri, Emmanuel Valot, Martine Monin, Olivier Polit, Claude Bathias, and Tresna Soemardi. "Tomography Observation of Fiber Reinforced Composites after Fatigue Testing." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 937–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.937.

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This work presented an experimental study to observe the inside conditions and damage appearances of fiber reinforced composites material by non destructive testing (NDT) method. In order to achieve this, an open hole specimen of unidirectional glass fiber composite (GFRP) and discontinuous carbon fiber composite (DCFC) had been using as the specimen test under tensile fatigue loading and observed using post failure monitoring techniques of NDT namely computed tomography (CT) scan. The results shown that the tomography observation based on segmentation method of gray value gives a good detection on early damage appearances before final failure of GFRP and DCFC after tensile fatigue loading conditions.

22

Gulevskiy, Viktor Alexandrovich, Pavel Stanislavovich Golovinov, Anna Sergeevna Knyazeva, and Nikolay Alexeevich Kidalov. "A Technology for Production of Carbon-Graphite-Aluminium Alloy Composite and Areas of its Application." Key Engineering Materials 743 (July 2017): 73–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.743.73.

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The article describes a technology for producing carbon-graphite-aluminium composite by non-autoclave gasless impregnation of a carbon-graphite skeleton by matrix alloy of aluminium and presents the results of testing, application areas and assessment of the properties of obtained composites as well.

23

Palola, Sarianna, Pekka Laurikainen, Sonia García-Arrieta, Egoitz Goikuria Astorkia, and Essi Sarlin. "Towards Sustainable Composite Manufacturing with Recycled Carbon Fiber Reinforced Thermoplastic Composites." Polymers 14, no. 6 (March 9, 2022): 1098. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14061098.

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Currently, the vast majority of composite waste is either landfilled or incinerated, causing a massive burden on the environment and resulting in the loss of potentially valuable raw material. Here, conventional pyrolysis and reactive pyrolysis were used to reclaim carbon fibers from aeronautical scrap material, and to evaluate the feasibility of using reclaimed carbon fibers in structural components for the automotive sector. The need for fiber sizing was investigated as well as the behavior of the fiber material in macroscopic impact testing. The fibers were characterized with the single fiber tensile test, scanning electron microscopy, and the microbond test. Critical fiber length was estimated in both polypropylene and polyamide matrices. Tensile strength of the fiber material was better preserved with the reactive pyrolysis compared to the conventional pyrolysis, but in both cases the interfacial shear strength was retained or even improved. The impact testing revealed that the components made of these fibers fulfilled all required deformation limits set for the components with virgin fibers. These results indicate that recycled carbon fibers can be a viable option even in structural components, resulting in lower production costs and greener composites.

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Zhai, Ping, Xiao Feng Duan, Da Qian Chen, Chong Hai Wang, Fang Gao, and Bo Dong. "Carbon Fiber Reinforced Phosphate Porous Ceramic Composites." Key Engineering Materials 512-515 (June 2012): 916–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.512-515.916.

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Fiber porous ceramics are the excellent candidates for a variety of applications, and thus, their research is a hotspot in recent years. In this study, carbon fiber reinforced phosphate porous ceramics composites were prepared by acupuncture and in-situ solidification vacuum-assisted liquid-phase infiltration method. The tensile strength of composite was tested by universal testing machine, the microstructures of the specimen were observed by scanning electron microscopy while the thermal analysis was detected by Thermo Gravimetric Analyzer. The results show that the carbon fiber reinforced phosphate porous ceramics composites which is prepared by the technology showed above have a pore rate of 63.7%.The tensile strength reached 50.2MPa with an average pore size of at most 50μm.It also has good thermal shock resistance.

25

Fischlschweiger, Michael, Alexander Stock, and Markus Thurmeier. "Integrated Defect Classification in Manufacturing of Carbon Fibre Reinforced Thermoplastic Polymer Matrix Composites." Materials Science Forum 879 (November 2016): 554–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.879.554.

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Thermoplastic polymer matrix composites with continuous carbon fibre reinforcements are of crucial relevance in automotive industry. The mix of high performance and cost effective manufacturing makes them attractive for high volume production. However, it could be shown that production integrated end of line quality control is of strong importance to ensure continuous and traceable part quality. Besides, typical non destructive testing method specifications, higher production volumes additionally require short testing times. Herein, the application of active thermography as end of line quality control in composite production is evaluated and compared with results obtained by X-ray radiometry. It could be revealed that transient pulse phase thermography is a powerful tool to analyse part quality of continuous thermoplastic polymer matrix composites in short testing times.

26

Bambach, Mike R. "Direct Comparison of the Structural Compression Characteristics of Natural and Synthetic Fiber-Epoxy Composites: Flax, Jute, Hemp, Glass and Carbon Fibers." Fibers 8, no. 10 (September 28, 2020): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fib8100062.

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Recent decades have seen substantial interest in the use of natural fibers in continuous fiber reinforced composites, such as flax, jute and hemp. Considering potential applications, it is of particular interest how natural fiber composites compare to synthetic fiber composites, such as glass and carbon, and if natural fibers can replace synthetic fibers in existing applications. Many studies have made direct comparisons between natural and synthetic fiber composites via material coupon testing; however, few studies have made such direct comparisons of full structural members. This study presents compression tests of geometrically identical structural channel sections fabricated from fiber-epoxy composites of flax, jute, hemp, glass and carbon. Glass fiber composites demonstrated superior tension material coupon properties to natural fiber composites. However, for the same fiber mass, structural compression properties of natural fiber composite channels were generally equivalent to, or in some cases superior to, glass fiber composite channels. This indicates there is substantial potential for natural fibers to replace glass fibers in structural compression members. Carbon fiber composites were far superior to all other composites, indicating little potential for replacement with natural fibers.

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Liu, Fang, Shiqiang Deng, and Jianing Zhang. "Mechanical Properties of Epoxy and Its Carbon Fiber Composites Modified by Nanoparticles." Journal of Nanomaterials 2017 (2017): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8146248.

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Compressive properties are commonly weak parts in structural application of fiber composites. Matrix modification may provide an effective way to improve compressive performance of the composites. In this work, the compressive property of epoxies (usually as matrices of fiber composites) modified by different types of nanoparticles was firstly investigated for the following study on the compressive property of carbon fiber reinforced epoxy composites. Carbon fiber/epoxy composites were fabricated by vacuum assisted resin infusion molding (VARIM) technique using stitched unidirectional carbon fabrics, with the matrices modified with nanosilica, halloysite, and liquid rubber. Testing results showed that the effect of different particle contents on the compressive property of fiber/epoxy composites was more obvious than that in epoxies. Both the compressive and flexural results showed that rigid nanoparticles (nanosilica and halloysite) have evident strengthening effects on the compression and flexural responses of the carbon fiber composite laminates fabricated from fabrics.

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Kumar, Rajnish, Lars P. Mikkelsen, Hans Lilholt, and Bo Madsen. "Experimental Method for Tensile Testing of Unidirectional Carbon Fibre Composites Using Improved Specimen Type and Data Analysis." Materials 14, no. 14 (July 14, 2021): 3939. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14143939.

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This paper presents an experimental method for tensile testing of unidirectional carbon fibre composites. It uses a novel combination of a new specimen geometry, protective layer, and a robust data analysis method. The experiments were designed to test and analyze unprotected (with conventional end-tabs) and protected (with continuous end-tabs) carbon fibre composite specimens with three different specimen geometries (straight-sided, butterfly, and X-butterfly). Initial stiffness and strain to failure were determined from second-order polynomial fitted stress–strain curves. A good agreement between back-calculated and measured stress–strain curves is found, on both composite and fibre level. For unprotected carbon composites, the effect of changing specimen geometry from straight-sided to X-butterfly was an increase in strain to failure from 1.31 to 1.44%. The effect of protection on X-butterfly specimens was an increase in strain to failure from 1.44 to 1.53%. For protected X-butterfly specimens, the combined effect of geometry and protection led to a significant improvement in strain to failure of 17% compared to unprotected straight-sided specimens. The observed increasing trend in the measured strain to failure, by changing specimen geometry and protection, suggests that the actual strain to failure of unidirectional carbon composites is getting closer to be realized.

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Sekulić, D. R., I. M. Djordjević, M. V. Gordić, Zijah Burzić, and M. M. Stevanović. "Gamma Radiation Effects on Mechanical Properties of Carbon/Epoxy Composites." Materials Science Forum 518 (July 2006): 549–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.518.549.

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Unidirectional and angle-ply carbon/epoxy laminates were gamma irradiated up to doses of 12 and 20 MGy. Composites with two different, low and high temperature epoxy matrices have been submitted to irradiation and subsequent mechanical testing. The radiation effects were studied by measuring in-plane, interalminar shear and transverse tensile strength, as well as interlaminar strain energy release rate of tested composites. The immersion of composite plate in water at 80 oC and mechanical measurements at elevated temperatures emphasized irradiation effects on mechanical properties.

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Hamid, Sami, and Abhishek Thakur. "Investigating Mechanical Properties of Carbon Glass Jute Fiber based Composite." Journal of University of Shanghai for Science and Technology 23, no. 06 (June 8, 2021): 923–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51201/jusst/21/05346.

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Hybrid composites are made by combining natural and synthetic fibers with an effective matrix, which usually means they’ve received additional strengthening, such as epoxy, to create the additional material properties you can’t obtain on their own. To attain the desirable tensile modulus, compressive modulus, and so on, a fiber composite needs to be added to the FRP (Fiber Reinforced Polymer). Polymer matrix composites are light and cost-effective to manufacture, but they still friendly to the environment and have viable applications, which is why they are often used in various commercial applications. Unidirectional fibers and bidirectionally reinforced with epoxy (SikaDur is a composite medium) carbon fibers are two-way reinforced with unidirectional (use unidirectional) Before we developed test procedures for preparing the test specimens, the testing lab implemented the layup method according to ASTM standards. Ten separate stacking sequences were tested and four different intensity sequences were used in testing the compressive structures according to ASTM D15. The results of the study indicate that hybridization helps natural fiber-reinforced polymer composites to increase their mechanical properties We would use natural fibers rather than synthetic ones since the natural ones make comparable strength when hybridized with synthetic ones.

31

Zhao, Gui Ping, Zheng Hao Wang, Jian Xin Zhang, and Qiao Ping Huang. "Modeling and Testing Strain Rate-Dependent Tensile Strength of Carbon/Epoxy Composites." Key Engineering Materials 353-358 (September 2007): 1418–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.353-358.1418.

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Tensile strength is an important material property and usually can be determined experimentally. The strain rate dependent behavior of T300 carbon/epoxy matrix composite was characterized over a wide strain rate range (10×10-5 s-1to10×104s-1). The low to moderate strain rate experiments were carried out on a MTS machine, while the high strain rate experiment was conducted with a split Hopkinson tensile bar. A rate dependent model was introduced to simulate the material response. Two kinds of stacking sequence of composite specimens [(45/-45)4]s and [(0/45/90/-45)2]s were tested at different strain rates, and the results were used to determine parameters of the model. The predictions of the model showed to agree fairly well with the experimental results. The tensile strength and initial elastic modulus of the composites increase when the strain rate increases.

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Chen, Li, Qi Lin Zhao, Ke Bin Jiang, and Yong Ding. "Pultrusion Technology Optimization for Hybrid Fiber Composites Based on DSC and Mechanical Property Testing." Advanced Materials Research 295-297 (July 2011): 383–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.295-297.383.

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In the interest of improving the curing effect and mechanical properties of pultruded carbon/glass bybrid fiber composites, the DSC (Differential Scanning Calorimetry) technology was introduced and the curing DSC curves for the hybrid fiber composites at 4 different heating rates was attained. Then the range of the processing temperature for the three-stage heating pultrusion was primarily determined with T-β method. Subsequently a kind of carbon/glass hybrid composite pole with a diameter of 11mm was selected as the research object, and was manufactured with varies of processing temperatures and speeds. The produced poles were mechanically tested to investigate the effect of processing parameters on the mechanical properties of the composite, so as to further more ascertain the processing parameter ranges fitting to this material formula. As the result shows: the pultrusion processing parameters for the hybrid fiber composite acquired in this study can satisfy the require of manufacturing; compared with the traditional method that attain processing parameters by experience, the method for attaining processing parameters suggested in this paper is more efficiency, more economical and more accurate.

33

Yu, Sang Sang, Hui Feng Zheng, Wang Cheng, and Ting Hao Tang. "Research on the Nonlinear Ultrasonic Testing of CFRP Based on Abaqus." Applied Mechanics and Materials 610 (August 2014): 205–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.610.205.

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In order to overcome the limitations of conventional ultrasonic testing method to detect small defects of carbon fiber composite material, ultrasonic nonlinear detection method was proposed based on finite amplitude. Firstly the detection mechanism of finite amplitude method was studied, then the detection model was created, and ultrasonic nonlinear characteristics of carbon fiber composites was analyzed by finite element simulation, finally relative non-linear coefficients follow the change of defect length and width show that the finite amplitude method has a high sensitivity to detect small defects.

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Burgani, Thiago de Sousa, Seyedhamidreza Alaie, and Mehran Tehrani. "Modeling Flexural Failure in Carbon-Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Composites." Journal of Composites Science 6, no. 2 (January 19, 2022): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs6020033.

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Flexural testing provides a rapid and straightforward assessment of fiber-reinforced composites’ performance. In many high-strength composites, flexural strength is higher than compressive strength. A finite-element model was developed to better understand this improvement in load-bearing capability and to predict the flexural strength of three different carbon-fiber-reinforced polymer composite systems. The model is validated against publicly available experimental data and verified using theory. Different failure criteria are evaluated with respect to their ability to predict the strength of composites under flexural loading. The Tsai–Wu criterion best explains the experimental data. An expansion in compressive stress limit for all three systems was observed and is explained by the compression from the loading roller and Poisson’s effects.

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Zhang, Z. H., and N. Yu. "Fatigue of Carbon Nanotube-Reinforced Composites." Advanced Materials Research 446-449 (January 2012): 3128–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.446-449.3128.

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The present work studies the fatigue strength of carbon nanotube-reinforced composites. The as-received muti-walled carbon nanotubes are separated and distributed in epoxy using a sonication method. The fatigue specimens are tested in a rotating beam testing machine. Effects of reinforcement and notch on the stress – life behavior are experimentally characterized.

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Kravcov, Alexander N., Pavel Svoboda, Adam Konvalinka, Elena B. Cherepetskaya, Alexsander A. Karabutov, Dmitry V. Morozov, and Ivan A. Shibaev. "Laser-Ultrasonic Testing of the Structure and Properties of Concrete and Carbon Fiber-Reinforced Plastics." Key Engineering Materials 722 (December 2016): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.722.267.

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This paper discusses the possibility of studying composite materials by non-destructive laser-ultrasonic testing technique. Concrete samples and carbon-epoxy composites were examined, defects located and elastic wave velocities measured. The internal structure of the samples was visualized in 2D images.

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Ning, Fuda, Weilong Cong, Yingbin Hu, and Hui Wang. "Additive manufacturing of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites using fused deposition modeling: Effects of process parameters on tensile properties." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 4 (July 28, 2016): 451–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316646169.

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Carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites have been intensively used for many applications due to their attractive properties. The increasing demand of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites is driving novel manufacturing processes to be in short manufacturing cycle time and low production cost, which is difficult to realize during carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites fabrication in common molding processes. Fused deposition modeling, as one of the additive manufacturing techniques, has been reported for fabricating carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites. The process parameters used in fused deposition modeling of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites follow those in fused deposition modeling of pure plastic materials. After adding fiber reinforcements, it is crucial to investigate proper fused deposition modeling process parameters to ensure the quality of the carbon fiber-reinforced plastic parts fabricated by fused deposition modeling. However, there are no reported investigations on the effects of fused deposition modeling process parameters on the mechanical properties of carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composites. In the experimental investigations of this paper, carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composite parts are fabricated using a fused deposition modeling machine. Tensile tests are conducted to obtain the tensile properties. The effects of fused deposition modeling process parameters on the tensile properties of fused deposition modeling-fabricated carbon fiber-reinforced plastic composite parts are investigated. The fracture interfaces of the parts after tensile testing are observed by a scanning electron microscope to explain material failure modes and reasons.

38

Bader, M. G., I. Hamerton, J. N. Hay, M. Kemp, and S. Winchester. "Double cantilever beam testing of repaired carbon fibre composites." Composites Part A: Applied Science and Manufacturing 31, no. 6 (June 2000): 603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1359-835x(99)00095-0.

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39

Dutt, Jodi S. N., Marco F. Cardosi, Shelley Wilkins, Callum Livingstone, and James Davis. "Characterisation of carbon fibre composites for decentralised biomedical testing." Materials Chemistry and Physics 97, no. 2-3 (June 2006): 267–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matchemphys.2005.08.021.

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40

Ferrero, J. F., I. Tawk, S. Rivallant, J. J. Barrau, and M. Sudre. "Fibre Orientation Effects on High Strain Rate of Carbon/Epoxy Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 16, no. 1 (January 2007): 096369350701600. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369350701600103.

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Specific mechanical properties of composites make them particularly attractive. Dynamic loads are of prime interest for their applications. Laminated structures’ impact modelling implies prior material dynamic characterisation. This study suggests an analysis of split Hopkinson bar compression testing on T300/914 carbon/epoxy composite material. First, the effect of fibre orientation and stratification on compression dynamic behaviour is studied. Results show a high non-linearity for +/-45° laminates testing. This non-linearity is not observed when the laminates are reinforced with 0° and 90° plies. Analytical modelling is in agreement with the experimental results. Secondly, experiments are performed on pre-cracked specimens to show the influence of cracking on dynamic behaviour.

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Hung, T. D., D. Pernica, Dora Kroisová, Oleg Bortnovsky, Petr Louda, and Vladka Rylichova. "Composites Base on Geopolymer Matrices: Preliminary Fabrication, Mechanical Properties and Future Applications." Advanced Materials Research 55-57 (August 2008): 477–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.55-57.477.

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Geopolymer matrice Composites are fabricated at room temperature or thermoset in a simple autoclave. After approximately four hours of curing, composite materials exhibit excellent properties. Finding applications of geopolymeric composites in all fields of industry are the hot topics. This paper covers: (i) mechanical properties of fibers: carbon, Saint-Gobain Cemfil/CFV alkali resistance glass (various types), ARG-NEC (Nippon electric Columbia) alkali resistance glass, E-glass for pultrusion, AR glass for pultrusion were evaluated in accordance with Japanese Industrial Standard (JIS R 7601). (ii) properties of geopolymeric matrices: geopolymeric matrices are fabricated from various types of geopolymeric resins that were made at Research Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Inc., Czech Republic and testing for mechanical properties, and by SEM for structure characterization. (iii) fabrication procedures of geopolymer matrix composites with carbon and other fiber reinforcements. (iv) results of mechanical testing of geopolymer composites, SEM for adhesion between the matrix and reinforcement, and (v) Results and discussion.

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Markovičová, Lenka, and Viera Zatkalíková. "Composites With Rubber Matrix And Ferrimagnetic Filling." System Safety: Human - Technical Facility - Environment 1, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 776–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/czoto-2019-0099.

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AbstractA composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Modern composite materials are usually optimized to achieve a particular balance of properties for a given range of applications. Composites are commonly classified at two distinct levels. The first level of classification is usually made with respect to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes include organic – matrix composites (OMC's), metal – matrix composites (MMC's), and ceramic – matrix composites (CMC's). The OMC's is generally assumed to include two classes of composites: polymer – matrix composites (PMC's) and carbon – matrix composites (Peters, 1998). The composite material used in the work belongs to the PMC's and the composite is formed by the polymer matrix – rubber (sidewall mixture). As filler was used hard-magnetic strontium ferrite. Composite samples were prepared with different filler content (20%, 30%, 40%, 50%). Testing of polymer composites included: tensile test, elongation at break, hardness test and study of morphology.

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Ataya, Sabbah, Mohamed M. El-Sayed Seleman, Fahamsyah H. Latief, Mohamed M. Z. Ahmed, Khalil Hajlaoui, Ahmed M. Soliman, Naser A. Alsaleh, and Mohamed I. A. Habba. "Wear Characteristics of Mg Alloy AZ91 Reinforced with Oriented Short Carbon Fibers." Materials 15, no. 14 (July 12, 2022): 4841. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15144841.

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Light-weight metal matrix composites, especially magnesium-based composites, have recently become more widespread for high-efficiency applications, including aerospace, automobile, defense, and telecommunication industries. The squeeze cast AZ91 base material (AZ91-BM) and its composites having 23 vol.% short carbon fibers were fabricated and investigated. The composite specimens were machined normal to the reinforced plane (Composite-N) and parallel to the reinforced plane (Composite-P). All the as-casted materials were subjected to different tests, such as hardness, compression, and wear testing, evaluating the mechanical properties. Dry wear tests were performed using a pin-on-disk machine at room temperature under different applied wear loads (1–5 N) and different sliding distances (0.4461×104–3.12×104 m). The microstructures and worn surfaces of the fabricated AZ91-BM and the two composite specimens were investigated using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) advanced analysis system. The wear debris was collected and investigated also under the SEM. The results showed significant improvement in hardness, compressive strength, and wear resistance of the composite specimens (Composite-N and Composite-P) over the AZ91-BM. The compressive strength and wear resistance are more fibers orientation sensitive than the hardness results. When the fiber orientation is parallel to the sliding direction (Composite-N), the weight loss is somewhat lower than that of the fiber orientation perpendicular to the sliding direction (Composite-P) at a constant wear load of 2 N and the sliding distances of 0.4461×104, 1.34×104 , and 2.23×104 m. In contrast, the weight loss of Composite-P is lower than Composite-N, especially at the highest sliding distance of 3.12×104 m due to the continuous feeding of graphite lubricant film and the higher compressive strength. Plastic deformation, oxidation, and abrasive wear are the dominant wear mechanisms of AZ91-BM; in contrast, abrasive and delamination wear are mainly the wear mechanisms of the two composites under the applied testing conditions.

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Subramani, Mageshwaran, and Manoharan Ramamoorthy. "Vibration analysis of multiwalled carbon nanotube-reinforced composite shell: An experimental study." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 4 (August 22, 2019): 223–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119870406.

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In the present study, the vibration analysis of a multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs)-reinforced composite shell is performed to investigate the enhancement in natural frequencies and damping of polymer composite structure. Initially, the material characterization of MWCNT-reinforced polymer resin was performed using scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis to identify the bonding behavior of MWCNT with resin, structure of MWCNTs, structural integrity, and chemical purity of MWCNT. The mechanical characterization of MWCNT-reinforced polymer composites was performed using universal testing machine to identify the enhancement in tensile properties of the composites with MWCNT reinforcement. Laminated composite shell samples were then fabricated with the different weight fraction of the MWCNT to study the effect of weight percentage of MWCNT on the composite shells on enhancement of natural frequencies and damping. Significant increase in tensile characteristics of the composites could also be identified with the addition of MWCNT in polymer composites. It was also observed that the fundamental natural frequency and damping factor of the hybrid composite could be increased by 20% and 7%, respectively, with 1 wt% reinforcement of MWCNT in the polymer resin.

45

Hu, Nai Qiang, Xiu Jun Liu, Zhi Hai Feng, Zhen Fan, and Tong Qi Li. "The Interlaminar Tensile Strength of Mesophase Pitch-Unidirectional Carbon/Carbon Composites Adding Natural Flake Graphite." Advanced Materials Research 557-559 (July 2012): 1053–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.557-559.1053.

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In this work, carbon/carbon composites were prepared by a hot-pressing technique at a relatively low temperature. The effect of Graphite content on the mechanical properties of mesophase pitch-unidirectional carbon/carbon composites was investigated by tensile testing, and the fracture surfaces of carbon/carbon composites are observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results showed that the interlaminar tensile strength of the carbon/carbon Composites was improved as content of natural flake graphite in raw material increased from 5% to 10%. However, a decrease of interlaminar tensile strength was observed when content of natural flake graphite was higher than 10%. Even the interlaminar tensile strength is lower than that of composites which is not added Graphite.

46

Santos, Júlio C., Luciano MG Vieira, Túlio H. Panzera, André L. Christoforo, Marco A. Schiavon, and Fabrizio Scarpa. "Hybrid silica micro and PDDA/nanoparticles-reinforced carbon fibre composites." Journal of Composite Materials 51, no. 6 (July 28, 2016): 783–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998316655392.

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The work describes the manufacturing and testing of novel hybrid epoxy/carbon fibre composites with silica micro and poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride-functionalised nanoparticles. A specific chemical dispersion procedure was applied using the poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride to avoid clustering of the silica nanoparticles. The influence of the various manufacturing parameters, particles loading, and mechanical properties of the different phases has been investigated with a rigorous Design of Experiment technique based on a full factorial design (2131). Poly-diallyldimethylammonium chloride-functionalised silica nanoparticles were able to provide a homogenous dispersion, with a decrease of the apparent density and enhancement of the mechanical properties in the hybrid carbon fibre composites. Compared to undispersed carbon fibre composite laminates, the use of 2 wt% functionalised nanoparticles permitted to increase the flexural modulus by 47% and the flexural strength by 15%. The hybrid carbon fibre composites showed also an increase of the tensile modulus (9%) and tensile strength (5.6%).

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Aein Afina, Mohd Redzuan, Bonnia Noor Najmi, Shuhaimen Siti Shakirah, and Siti Norasmah Surip. "Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Rubber Toughened Carbon Black-Filled Polyester Composite." Advanced Materials Research 812 (September 2013): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.812.163.

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The influences of Carbon Black (CB) as filler for rubber toughened polyester composite on thermal properties were investigated, in consideration for applications such as automotive parts and integrated circuits (IC) encapsulations. The usage of CB as filler is one of the efforts in increasing and varying the use of rubber and unsaturated polyester thermoset in composite materials. Unsaturated polyester was mixed with 3% liquid natural rubber (LNR) as toughening agent and CB, which were varied from 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10% using mechanical stirrer and moulded by using the open mould technique. Impact testing was conducted for mechanical property and it was found that the addition of CB increased the impact strength by 87%. Thermal properties of the composites were evaluated using a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The TGA curves of the composites were quite similar, but there were slight increment in thermal stability for several CB filled composites compared to the neat polyester matrix. DSC analysis showed that all the composites were fully cured, and CB filled composites had a slower heat flow rate compared to the neat rubber toughened composite.

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Markovičová, Lenka, and Viera Zatkalíková. "The Effect of Filler Content on the Mechanical Properties of Polymer Composite." Applied Mechanics and Materials 858 (November 2016): 190–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.858.190.

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A composite material is a macroscopic combination of two or more distinct materials, having a recognizable interface between them. Modern composite materials are usually optimized to achieve a particular balance of properties for a given range of applications. Composites are commonly classified at two distinct levels. The first level of classification is usually made with respect to the matrix constituent. The major composite classes include organic – matrix composites (OMC's), metal – matrix composites (MMC's), and ceramic – matrix composites (CMC's). The OMC's is generally assumed to include two classes of composites: polymer – matrix composites (PMC's) and carbon – matrix composites [1]. The composite material used in the work belongs to the PMC's and the composite is formed by the polymer matrix - high density polyethylene. As filler was used hard-magnetic strontium ferrite. Composite samples were prepared with different filler content (0%, 60%, 70%, 80%). Testing of polymer composites included: tensile test, elongation at break, impact test, hardness test.

49

Dong, Shuhan, Huiyong Yuan, Xiaochao Cheng, Xue Zhao, Mingxu Yang, Yongzhe Fan, and Xiaoming Cao. "Improved Friction and Wear Properties of Al6061-Matrix Composites Reinforced by Cu-Ni Double-Layer-Coated Carbon Fibers." Metals 10, no. 11 (November 19, 2020): 1542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met10111542.

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The friction and wear properties of an Al6061 alloy reinforced with carbon fibers (CF) modified with Cu-Ni bimetallic layers were researched. Cu-Ni double layers were applied to the CF by electroless plating and Al6061-matrix composites were prepared by powder metallurgy technology. The metal-CF/Al interfaces and post-dry-wear-testing wear loss weights, friction coefficients, worn surfaces, and wear debris were characterized. After T6 heat treatment, the interfacial bonding mechanism of Cu-Ni-CF changed from mechanical bonding to diffusion bonding and showed improved interfacial bonding strength because the Cu transition layer reduced the fiber damage caused by Ni diffusion. The metal–CF interfacial bonding strongly influenced the composite’s tribological properties. Compared to the Ni-CF/Al and Cu-CF/Al composites, the Cu-Ni-CF/Al composite showed the highest hardness, the lowest friction coefficient and wear rate, and the best load-carrying capacity. The wear mechanisms of Cu-Ni-CF/Al composite are mainly slight abrasive wear and adhesive wear.

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Tuo, Xiaohang, Guizhi Ma, Qian Tan, Yumei Gong, and Jing Guo. "A study on dispersions of CB and CNT in PP/EPDM composites and their mechanical reinforcement." Polymers and Polymer Composites 28, no. 1 (July 4, 2019): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0967391119857394.

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Carbon material (carbon black (CB) and carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced composites are being studied widely. The content of the reinforcing materials is known as the main influencing factor. However, the dispersion of the reinforcing materials is often neglected or, where it is investigated, not thoroughly evaluated. In this article, the dispersion states of carbon materials in the composite materials were quantitatively analyzed using an image processing method. Meanwhile, the reliability of the image analysis was verified through the testing results of the mechanical and rheological properties of the composites. Both CB and CNTs improved the mechanical properties of maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (PP)/ethylene propylene diene monomer composites, wherein their dispersion was the dominant factor instead of their content. The dispersion of the easily agglomerated CNT was significantly poorer than that of CB. Therefore, CB was better in inducing the crystallization of PP.

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