Готові списки джерел за темами / Career obstacles

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Career obstacles"

Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 19 червня 2021
Оновлено: 13 лютого 2022

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Зміст

  1. Статті в журналах
  2. Дисертації
  3. Книги
  4. Частини книг
  5. Тези доповідей конференцій
  6. Звіти організацій

Статті в журналах з теми "Career obstacles":

1

Simon, Z. "Romanian Expatriates Face Career Obstacles." Science 323, no. 5921 (March 20, 2009): 1561a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.323.5921.1561a.

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2

Lewis, Tamica. "Overcoming Obstacles." Educational Horizons 91, no. 3 (February 2013): 16–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0013175x1309100306.

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It's the season for the job hunt, whether you're looking for your first job or taking the next step along your career path. Read these first-person accounts to see how teachers balance the rewards and challenges of working in different types of schools. What's the right fit for you?
3

Morahan, Page S., and Rosalyn C. Richman. "Career obstacles for women in medicine." Medical Education 35, no. 2 (July 7, 2008): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2923.2001.00860.x.

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4

Morahan, Page S., and Rosalyn C. Richman. "Career obstacles for women in medicine." Medical Education 35, no. 2 (February 2001): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2923.2001.00860.x.

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5

Armenti, Carmen. "Gender as a Barrier for Women With Children in Academe." Canadian Journal of Higher Education 34, no. 1 (April 30, 2004): 1–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.47678/cjhe.v34i1.183445.

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This research involved in-depth interviews with nineteen women professors, drawn from across various faculties and ranks at one Canadian university, and was intended to explore the interconnections between the women's personal and professional lives. The women in this study chose to combine having children with an academic career. Most of them depicted their career trajectory as a lifelong challenge, one that was both fulfilling and prestigious. In contrast, the women reported a number of obstacles in their career paths that served to prevent them from gaining full membership in academic life. This study probes the nature of such obstacles that are grouped into two categories: the child-related time crunch and the career-related time crunch. As a result of these obstacles, the women encountered childbearing/childrearing problems, research dilemmas, a willingness to leave the academy, and denial of tenure and promotion. Findings call for a restructuring of academic careers in order to effectively accommodate women with children in the profession.
6

Rusconi, Alessandra, and Heike Solga. "Determinants of and obstacles to dual careers in Germany." Journal of Family Research 19, no. 3 (December 1, 2007): 311–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.20377/jfr-285.

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Education expansion has led to an increasing proportion of couples in which both partners hold an academic degree. Although in these couples the potential for dual careers is high, their realization remains a great challenge, mostly due to restrictions on female careers. We argue that the chances of achieving dual careers depend not only on individual characteristics of each partner, but also on the constellation within couples with regard to age, profession, and child-rearing. We therefore look first at different characteristics within German academic couples and analyze how these enhance or constrain the chances of achieving dual careers. Then, we examine recruitment practices at German universities, especially their sensitivity regarding dual-career issues. Our results show that child rearing contributes to the risk of couples having a one-career coordination strategy and that gender-blind recruitment criteria contribute to a large extent to this risk. We further test two common explanations of the hindrance of dual careers and show that neither are women generally disadvantaged, nor does the age difference in couples gender-neutrally define the older partner’s career as the leading one. Zusammenfassung Die Bildungsexpansion hat dazu beigetragen, dass bei einem zunehmenden Anteil der Paare beide Partner über einen akademischen Abschluss verfügen. Obgleich diese Partnerschaften ein hohes Potential für Doppelkarrieren besitzen, so bleibt dessen Realisierung eine große Herausforderung – oft aufgrund von Einschränkungen weiblicher Karrieren. Wir zeigen, dass nicht nur individuelle Merkmale der beiden Partner die Realisierungschancen von Doppelkarrieren beeinflussen, sondern auch Konstellationen innerhalb der Partnerschaft im Bezug auf Alter, Beruf und Kinder. Mit Blick auf Akademikerpaare untersuchen wir zunächst, wie unterschiedliche Paarkonstellationen die Realisierungschancen von Doppelkarrieren fördern oder behindern. In einem weiteren Schritt untersuchen wir Einstellungspraktiken an deutschen Hochschulen und deren Sensibilität gegenüber Doppelkarrieren. Unsere Ergebnisse zeigen, dass Kinder das Risiko bei Paaren erhöhen, nur eine Karriere zu verfolgen, und dass geschlechtsblinde Einstellungskriterien zu diesem Risiko beitragen. Zudem werden wir die zwei herkömmlichen Erklärungen zur Behinderung von Doppelkarrieren überprüfen und dabei zeigen, dass weder Frauen generell benachteiligt sind, noch dass ein Altersunterschied der Partner den Karrierevorrang des älteren Partners geschlechtsneutral definiert.
7

Clemens, Norman A., Eric M. Plakun, Susan G. Lazar, and Lisa Mellman. "Obstacles to Early Career Psychiatrists Practicing Psychotherapy." Psychodynamic Psychiatry 42, no. 3 (September 2014): 479–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2014.42.3.479.

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8

Vardi, Yoav. "“Glory is Not Enough”: Dual Careers in Israeli Air Force Families." Psychological Reports 70, no. 3 (June 1992): 851–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1992.70.3.851.

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139 wives of Israeli Air Force pilots completed questionnaires about their own career needs and experiences. It was expected that the respondents would “adhere” to the traditional two-persons one-career model in response to the demands set by the husbands' jobs; however, they tended to aspire for and exert effort toward a work career independent of that of their husbands. Specifically, (a) actual work experiences were positively related to subjective career experiences, (b) the more internal scoring was the person, the higher the career interest, and (c) external obstacles seemed to strengthen rather than weaken the person's career interests. Implications for research on women's career development and for management of dual careers are discussed.
9

Barto, Heather, Simone Lambert, and Pamelia Brott. "Career Adaptability, Resiliency and Perceived Obstacles to Career Development of Adolescent Mothers." Professional Counselor 5, no. 1 (February 2015): 53–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.15241/hb.5.1.53.

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10

Healy, Charles C., and Geoffrey A. Woodward. "The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator and Career Obstacles." Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development 31, no. 2 (July 1, 1998): 74–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07481756.1998.12068954.

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Статті в журналах Дисертації Книги

Дисертації з теми "Career obstacles":

1

Polk, Nancy E. (Nancy Elizabeth). "The Relationship of Separation and Attachment Processes of Late Adolescence to Career Decision-Making Obstacles." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278818/.

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2

Paus, Sophie, and Isabella Niklasson. "Vägen till toppen : En studie om kvinnliga VD:ar och deras karriärer." Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-26456.

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Trots att allt fler kvinnor tar plats i näringslivet så domineras såväl näringslivet som de flesta chefspositioner fortfarande av män. Ständigt pågår diskussioner om vad det är som skapar denna sneda fördelning, samt hur kvinnor är i en avvikande position på grund av sin minoritet och huruvida det finns hinder som gör det svårt för kvinnor att nå upp till toppen. Oavsett hur detta stämmer eller ej är det endast individuella upplevelser av kvinnor som lyckats ta sig till toppen som närmast kan förklara hur verkligheten ser ut. Med detta som utgångspunkt ämnar studien undersöka kvinnliga VD:ar inom det svenska näringslivet för att försöka ta reda på, samt redogöra för, hur de upplever att olika möjligheter och eventuella hinder har spelat roll för deras respektive karriärer. Studien är av kvalitativ utformning, där data samlats in genom semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det sammanställda resultatet kommer därefter att analyseras ställt mot valda teorier och modeller, för att slutligen diskuteras med inslag av egna reflektioner och slutsatser. Studien visar på hur majoriteten av kvinnorna stött på fler möjligheter än hinder i sin karriär, trots att de suttit i avvikande positioner som kvinnor i mansdominerade branscher. Det framgår att utbildning och erfarenhet samt inställning och självförtroende är de kanske mest avgörande faktorerna för en framgångsrik karriär. Men även att hjälp i vardagen och uppmuntrande chefer ger betydelsefulla möjligheter i att avancera. Den synlighet som följer med en avvikande position identifieras ur en positiv aspekt sett till att bli ihågkommen, men även ur en negativ aspekt då synligheten i vissa avseenden kan innebära en ökad stressfaktor. Vilket innebär att en avvikande position kan förklaras både som en möjlighet och som ett eventuellt hinder för kvinnor i karriären. Slutligen framgår att det inte kan identifieras några allmängiltiga hinder, utan att hinder är individuella och varierar från person till person beroende på förhållanden och omständigheter.
Despite the fact that more women are taking place in the business world men are still dominating the highest positions as well as the whole industry. Discussions are constantly ongoing about what it is that creates this skewed distribution, how women are in a deviant position due to the fact of their minority and whether there are obstacles that make it harder for women to reach the top positions. Regardless if it’s true or not, it is individual experiences by women whom have reached high positions within the business world that best can explain what the reality looks like. On this basis, the study will try to examine female CEO:s within the confederation of Swedish enterprise and try to find out, and explain, how they have experienced different opportunities and how possible obstacles have played a role in their careers. The study is based on qualitative data, in terms of semi-structured interviews, which will be analyzed against chosen theories and lastly be discussed with own reflections and conclusions. The study shows how the majority of women have experienced more opportunities than obstacles through their career, despite the fact that they have been in deviant positions in industries dominated by men. It is found that education and experience as well as attitude and confidence might be the most crucial factors for a successful career. But also the help in the everyday life and encouraging managers provide significant opportunities to advance. The visibility that follows with a deviant position is identified as positive when it comes to the fact that one will be more remembered, but also from a negative point of view when the visibility in some respects can imply an increased stress. Hence, to be in a deviant position can be explained both as an opportunity and as a possible obstacle for women in their advancement to reach a top position. Lastly it appears that any universal obstacles for women couldn’t be identified, that obstacles are individual and varies from person to person depending on conditions and circumstances.
3

Sarmiento, Andrea, and Julie Sassus. "Women, are we our own barriers when making careers?" Thesis, University of Kalmar, Baltic Business School, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hik:diva-464.

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The scarcity of female leaders rise curiosity to explore the reasons of the phenomenon. Many attempts have been done to explain the scarcity but somehow it seems that investigations explore the same factors and not what has been seen as a taboo; women’s feelings and thoughts towards each other as obstacles in making careers. Therefore is the aim of this study: to gain knowledge about women’s feelings and thoughts about other women in a corporate environment to be able to draw conclusions whether this matter can be a contribution to the debate concerning obstacles for women to climb in their career.

This research is conducted through an inductive approach with eight qualitative interviews choosing both women leaders and non-leaders. Jealousy and envy between women were discovered, which do not seem to restrain or create obstacles for other women but only or mostly, to women having these feelings and thoughts. Jealousy and envy are just a symptom of the real problem which is poor selfconfidence in the corporate environment. We discovered a vicious circle which shows us the connection between jealousy, self-confidence, competition and success. The vicious circle could be an input to the debate to explain obstacles that women could meet in their path to leading positions.

Women have to start believing in themselves with help of society where she is not directly or indirectly restrained for the fact of being a woman.

4

Suljevic, Arlinda, and Artila Tafarshiku. "Kvinnors karriärmöjligheter i revisionsbranschen : En studie om faktorer som påverkar kvinnors möjligheter att bli delägare." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för ekonomi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-22435.

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Revisionsbranschen är en mansdominerad bransch som är känd för att ha lägst andel kvinnor bland dem ledande positionerna. Kvinnor har stött på olika hinder och haft svårare att nå högre positioner än män, men på senare år har branschen blivit mer jämställd. Studier har visat att könsfördelningen inom delägarkretsen har förändrats till det bättre. Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka kvinnliga delägares uppfattningar av faktorer som påverkat kvinnors möjligheter att bli delägare i medelstora och stora revisionsbyråer samt om de uppfattar att dessa faktorer fortfarande finns.   Studiens teoretiska referensram fokuserar på revisionsbranschen och strukturella teorier. I studien har ett kvalitativt tillvägagångssätt använts för att få en djupgående förståelse om hur kvinnliga delägare upplever att olika faktorer har påverkat dem att bli delägare samt om de upplever att en förändring har skett i branschen. Vi har genomfört sex semistrukturerade intervjuer med kvinnliga delägare från fyra olika bolag.   Resultatet av empirin visar att de kvinnliga delägarna inte upplevt hinder för att nå delägarskap. Det enda hindret som påverkar möjligheterna för att bli delägare är varje individs egna egenskaper, ambitioner och mål. Föräldraskap ses inte som ett hinder av delägarna, däremot upplever de att kombinationen av familj och karriär kan upplevas vara svår. Delägarna upplever att det har skett en förändring bland könsfördelningen i delägarkretsen och att branschen är under utveckling. Med den här studien vill vi bidra till en ökad förståelse kring vilka hinder som påverkar kvinnors avancemang inom revisionsbranschen.
The auditing industry is a male dominated industry that is known for having the lowest proportion of women among the leading positions. Women have encountered various obstacles and found it more difficult to reach higher positions than men, but in recent years the industry has become more equal. Studies have shown that the gender distribution within the circle of partners has changed. The purpose of this study is to investigate female partners’ perceptions of factors that have affected women’s opportunities to become partners in medium-sized and large auditing firms and whether they perceive that these factors still exist.  The study's theoretical framework focuses on the auditing industry and structural theories. A qualitative approach was used to gain an in-depth understanding of how female partners feel that various factors have influenced them to become partners and whether they feel that a change has taken place in the industry. We conducted six semi-structured interviews with female partners from four firms.  The results show that the female partners don’t experience obstacles to achieve partnership. The only obstacle is each individual's own characteristics, ambitions and goals. Parenting is not seen as an obstacle by the partners. However, they experience that the combination of family and career can be difficult. The partners feel that there has been a change in the gender distribution in the co-owner and that the industry is still changing. With this study, we want to contribute to an increased understanding of the obstacles that affect women's advancement in the auditing industry.
5

Blum, de Almeida Nina [Verfasser], Isabel [Akademischer Betreuer] Wünsche, Isabel [Gutachter] Wünsche, Corinna [Gutachter] Unger, and Matos Lúcia [Gutachter] Almeida. "Myths, Curious Incidents and Obstacles—Becoming an Artist in Portugal. The Early Career of German Sculptor Hein Semke / Nina Blum de Almeida ; Gutachter: Isabel Wünsche, Corinna Unger, Lúcia Almeida Matos ; Betreuer: Isabel Wünsche." Bremen : IRC-Library, Information Resource Center der Jacobs University Bremen, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1202364667/34.

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6

Olsson, Lotta, and Emilie Kristiansson. "”…man har ju tagit del av två lärarutbildningar, såklart att jag har mer i mitt bagage.”." Thesis, Malmö högskola, Fakulteten för lärande och samhälle (LS), 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-30406.

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Tidigare forskning och dagstidningar visar att det kommer många invandrade akademiker till Sverige, däribland lärare, samtidigt som det råder stor brist på pedagoger. Utländska lärares vidareutbildning är ett projekt vid sex universitet och högskolor i Sverige, dit lärare med en utländsk examen kan vända sig för att komplettera sin utbildning och få en svensk lärarlegitimation eller behörighet. Med anledning av detta är syftet med arbetet att undersöka invandrade lärares syn på ULV-projektet och vilka hinder och möjligheter de mött. Vi har även undersökt hur de upplever tillgången till studie- och yrkesvägledning. För att besvara våra frågeställningar har tidigare forskning, teorin Planned happenstance och begreppen Kapital och Habitus tillsammans med kvalitativa intervjuer använts. Det empiriska materialet inhämtades genom sex kvalitativa intervjuer med ULV-deltagare från Malmö högskola. Resultatet visar bland annat att deltagarna ser positivt på projektet och upplever många möjligheter. De menar till exempel att de nu har två lärarutbildningar och att de har utvecklats och vuxit oerhört som både person och pedagog. Resultatet visar även att språket, som från början var deras största upplevda hinder, idag kan ses som en möjlighet.
Earlier research and newspapers show that many immigrant academics come to Sweden, including teachers, while there is a great shortage of educators. Foreign teacher training (ULV-project) is a project at six universities and colleges in Sweden, where a teacher with a foreign degree can turn to complete their education and get a Swedish teacher certification. For this reason, the purpose of the thesis is to examine immigrant teachers' views of the ULV-project and what obstacles and opportunities they faced. We also examined how they perceive the access to educational and vocational guidance. In order to answer our questions, previous research, the theory Planned happenstance and concepts Capital and Habitus along with qualitative interviews were used. The empirical data was collected through six interviews with ULV participants from Malmö University. The result shows that participants look positively on the project and they experience many possibilities. They argue, for example, that they now have two teacher education degrees and that they have developed and grown tremendously as both a person and a teacher. The result also shows that language, which from the beginning was their greatest perceived barriers today, can be seen as an opportunity.
7

Malm, Malin, Filip Olsson, and Emma Stillerfelt. "Att vara kvinna i männens värld : En kvalitativ studie om kvinnors utvecklingsmöjligheter inom mansdominerade yrken." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104531.

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Titel: Att vara kvinna i männens värld- En kvalitativ studie om kvinnors utvecklingsmöjligheter inom mansdominerade yrken Frågeställning: Vilka karriärhinder upplever kvinnor inom mansdominerade yrken?  Syfte: I följande arbete ämnar vi identifiera hinder för karriärmässig utveckling för kvinnor inom  mansdominerade yrken, för att skapa förutsättningar för organisationer att bygga bort dessa hinder.  Metod: Studien har en induktiv forskningsansats och en kvalitativ forskningsstrategi. Det empiriska materialet utgår från nio intervjuer med kvinnor som arbetar inom mansdominerade yrken. Slutsatser: De karriärhinder som uppstår för kvinnor som arbetar inom mansdominerade yrken baseras i konservativ kultur, diskriminering, att andra kvinnor blir konkurrenter,  image, sexism och problematiken med att veta sitt eget värde. På följande vis blir kvinnor utpekade som det “andra könet” och underordnade mannen och mansnormen.
Title: Being a woman in the world of men- A qualitative study of women's development opportunities in male-dominated occupations Research question: Which career obstacles do women experience in male-dominated occupations? Purpose: In the following paper, we intend to identify obstacles to career development for women in male-dominated professions, in order to provide conditions for organizations to remove said obstacles. Method: This study has an inductive research approach and a qualitative research strategy. The empirical material is based on nine interviews with women who work in male-dominated occupations. Conclusions: The career barriers that arise for women working in male-dominated professions are based on other women becoming competitors, discrimination, sexism, conservative culture, personal image, and the issue of knowing their own worth. In the following way, women are designated as the "other sex" and subordinate to the male and the male norm.
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Henningson, Saga, and Klara Brissman. "Kvinnor och mäns karriärutveckling : Upplevda faktorer som har underlättat och/eller försvårat för butikschefer i detaljhandeln." Thesis, Högskolan i Skövde, Institutionen för handel och företagande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:his:diva-20135.

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Problembakgrund: Detaljhandeln har länge karakteriserats som en feminiserad bransch,där kvinnor varit överrepresenterade. Fastän kvinnor utgör merparten av de anställda ibranschen, så är de disproportionerligt representerade i chefspositioner. Vilket beror på attkvinnors möjligheter till att nå en chefsposition varit mycket liten. Förklaringen kanhänföras till att kvinnor historisk sett har upplevt faktorer som hindrar deraskarriärutveckling, vilka män däremot inte har mött. Vilket har inneburit en ickejämställdhet mellan könen vad gäller deras möjligheter att klättra uppför i arbetslivet. Attkvinnor mött utmaningar när det kommer till att nå högre positioner kan konstateras,däremot har tidigare studier identifierat både faktorer som har underlättat och försvåratför de båda könen i deras karriärutveckling till butikschef i detaljhandeln. Syfte: Kandidatuppsatsens syfte är att få en ökad förståelse för de potentiella faktorersom kan inverka på manliga och kvinnliga butikschefers karriärutveckling i ett stortsvenskt detaljhandelsföretag. Det vill säga de upplevda faktorer som hittills underlättat endetaljhandelschefs karriär i Sverige, och de upplevda faktorer som dessa varuhuscheferupplever varit problematiska för deras karriärutveckling. Metod: Kandidatuppsatsen utgår ifrån en kvalitativ forskningsmetod där data för studiensamlats in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer med fem kvinnliga och fem manligavaruhuschefer i ett stort svenskt detaljhandelsföretag. Resultat: Kandidatuppsatsen visar utifrån varuhuschefernas upplevelser att en utvecklinghar skett jämfört med tidigare studier då de kvinnliga och manliga respondenterna idagupplever färre faktorer som har försvårat och fler faktorer som har underlättatkarriärutvecklingen. Trots att en förbättring har påvisats finns fortfarande belägg för attkvinnor, dock i lägre utsträckning, fortfarande upplever fler faktorer som har försvåratderas karriärutveckling, och att män upplever fler faktorer som har underlättat deraskarriärutveckling, som en jämförelse könen emellan. Författarna har även kunnatidentifiera två nya faktorer som ett bidrag till kommande studier.
Background and problem: Retail has long been characterized as a feminized trade,where women have been overrepresented. Although women make up the majority of theemployees in the trade, they are disproportionately represented in managerial positions.Which is because women's opportunities to reach a managerial position have been verysmall. The explanation can be attributed to the fact that women have historicallyexperienced factors that prevent their career progression, which men, on the other hand,have not encountered. Which has meant a non-equality between the sexes in terms oftheir opportunities to ascend in their work. It can be stated that women have facedchallenges when it comes to reaching higher positions, however, previous studies haveidentified both factors that have facilitated and made it more difficult for both sexes intheir career progression as store managers in retail. Purpose: The purpose of the bachelor thesis is to gain an increased understanding of thepotential factors that can affect the career progression of male and female store managersin a large Swedish retail company. That is, the perceived factors that have so farfacilitated a retail manager's career in Sweden, and the perceived factors that these retailstore managers experience have been problematic for their career progression. Method: The bachelor thesis is based on a qualitative research method where the data forthe study was collected with the help of semi-structured interviews with five female andfive male retail store managers in a large Swedish retail company. Results: The bachelor thesis shows, based on the retail store managers' experiences, thata development has taken place compared with previous studies, as the female and malerespondents today experience fewer factors that have made it more difficult and morefactors that have facilitated their career progression. Although an improvement has beendemonstrated, there is still evidence that women, albeit to a lesser extent, still experiencemore factors that have hampered their career progression, and that men experience morefactors that have facilitated their career development, as a comparison between the sexes. The authors have also been able to identify two new factors as a contribution to futurestudies.
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Almeida, Nuno Miguel Dias. "Curricular internship in a clinical research unit." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/17113.

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Mestrado em Biomedicina Farmacêutica
O presente relatório descreve em detalhe as tarefas e atividades desenvolvidas no contexto de um estágio curricular durante o segundo ano do Mestrado em Biomedicina Farmacêutica, da Universidade de Aveiro. Este estágio teve lugar na Unidade de Farmacologia Clínica do Professor Joaquim Ferreira, do Instituto de Medicina Molecular, de 14 de setembro de 2015 a 27 de junho de 2016. Esta experiência permitiu-me pôr em prática aquilo que aprendi no mestrado durante dez meses. Tive a oportunidade de trabalhar em três áreas diferentes da biomedicina farmacêutica: farmacovigilância, coordenação de ensaios clínicos e gestão de dados. Durante o estágio, surgiram múltiplas dificuldades e obstáculos. Contudo, consegui ultrapassá-los, melhorando as minhas capacidades profissionais, tais como organização, responsabilidade, comunicação, espírito critico, entre outras qualidades fundamentais para ser um bom profissional. Em conclusão, este estágio curricular permitiu o meu crescimento, não só como profissional, mas também como pessoa. Considero que tenha sido um desafio concretizado com sucesso e estou consciente que me abriu muitas janelas para a minha carreira futura.
This report describes in detail the tasks and activities developed in the context of a curricular internship during the second year of the Master’s degree in Pharmaceutical Medicine of the University of Aveiro. This internship took place in the Professor Joaquim Ferreira’s Clinical Pharmacology Unit (CPU) of the Instituto de Medicina Molecular, from September 14th, 2015 to June 27, 2016. This experience allowed me to put in practice what I learned from my master’s degree during ten months. I had the opportunity to work in three different areas of pharmaceutical medicine: pharmacovigilance, clinical trial coordination and data management. During the internship, several difficulties and obstacles showed up. However, I managed to surpass them, improving my professional skills, such as organization, responsibility, communication, critical thinking, among other fundamental qualities to be a good professional. In conclusion, this curricular internship allowed me to grow up, not only as a professional but also as a person. I think it was a successful challenge and I’m aware that it has opened many windows to future career.
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HUANG, TZU-YU, and 黃姿瑜. "A Study of Female Photographers’ Career Obstacles and Coping Strategies." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/k5ywcc.

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碩士
國立高雄應用科技大學
文化創意產業系
105
Females were the object being photographed in the past. With the progress of the times and the Western art culture was introduced to Taiwan, females photograph on their own initiative. However, no matter in the past or present, the proportion of male and female photographers is great disparity and female photographers have faced more challenges than the male. This research focuses on three dimensions: inequality that female photographers have faced in workplace and family; female photographers’ positions in the field of photography; the difficulties which female photographers have encountered in their career. Starting from the literature, the study begins to examine the reasons behind the substantial ratio difference of female and male photographers. Purposive sampling and snowball sampling were employed to find the interviewees. The period of the interview was 2016/12-2017/05. The analysis aims to understand the challenges that female photographers have faced and the coping strategies that they have used via an in-depth interview with 6 female photographers. The results of the research include two parts: the factors which influence female photographers and the challenges that female photographers have faced in their career. The influencing factors consist of physical, mechanical and environmental factor. Facing the influencing factors mentions above, the coping strategies which interviewees offered are as followed: do it now and fix it later, try to gain support from significant others, coordinate, switch the career, “different strokes for different folks”, just do it as long as they are still young, and develop the second sideline. However, the challenges mainly come from harassment, stereotype, and defeminization. Coping strategies are: tolerate, show the professional caliber, to be independent, take less as an advantage, change with time. Based on these findings, this research gives relevant units some suggestions. Hoping these suggestions can improve the working environment and condition of female photographers.
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Книги з теми "Career obstacles":

1

Whitehead, Vivian. Transitions II: Obstacles to employment : final report. Springfield, Ill.]: Illinois State Board of Education, Dept. of Adult, Vocational and Technical Education, Vocational Education Program Improvement Section, 1988.

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2

Morris, Kathy. Objection overruled: Overcoming obstacles in the lawyer job search. [Chicago, Ill.]: American Bar Association, 2000.

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3

Casalini, Brunella, and Patrizia Tomio, eds. Diversamente scienza. Florence: Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-5518-126-6.

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This work originates from the conference organized by the Equity and Diversity Committee of the University of Florence and the National Conference of the Gender Parity Organisms of the Italian Universities held in Florence the 12th October 2018. The papers here collected illustrate the obstacles that women encounter in their academic career, especially in the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics). The issues the volumes deals with are still worth taking into consideration considering that women represent only the 30% of the academic research staff at the world level and that only the 30% of women students choose STEM faculties.
4

Tucker, Marilyn. Options and obstacles: A survey of the studies of the careers of women lawyers. [Chicago]: The Commission, 1994.

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5

Schneid, Jacob. The individual's career development efforts: reasons, activities, resources and obstacles. 1985.

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6

Fogel, Kathy, Ashton Hawk, Randall Morck, and Bernard Yeung. Institutional Obstacles to Entrepreneurship. Edited by Anuradha Basu, Mark Casson, Nigel Wadeson, and Bernard Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199546992.003.0020.

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This article focuses on institutional obstacles to entrepreneurship. Entrepreneurs carry out a highly complicated composite act. They need intelligence to collect and digest information about business opportunities. They need foresight about the possibilities new technologies and other developments create. They need judgement and leadership skills to found a company and guide its growth. They need communication skills to enthuse financiers to back their vision. The number of active entrepreneurs therefore depends on how many individuals possess these skills. But skills are not endowments. Individuals decide to develop those skills that advance their well being and to forgo developing those that do not. The prospects of a career as an entrepreneur depend on the economic environment, which can be facilitative or detrimental. A multitude of factors determine this environment: rules and regulations, the quality of government, the availability of education, and the ambient culture.
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Division of Health Sciences Policy and Committee on Addressing Career Paths for Clinical Research. Careers in Clinical Research: Obstacles and Opportunities. National Academies Press, 1994.

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8

Louis, Matthew J. Mission Transition: Navigating the Opportunities and Obstacles to Your Post-Military Career. Nelson Incorporated, Thomas, 2019.

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9

Louis, Matthew J. Mission Transition: Navigating the Opportunities and Obstacles to Your Post-Military Career. HarperCollins Leadership, 2019.

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10

Heine, Steven. White Collar Zen: Using Zen Principles to Overcome Obstacles and Achieve Your Career Goals. Oxford University Press, USA, 2005.

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Частини книг з теми "Career obstacles":

1

Wang, Haiyan. "Obstacles to Chinese women journalists’ career advancement." In Journalism, Gender and Power, 279–94. London ; New York : Routledge, 2019.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315179520-20.

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2

Navarro-Astor, E., and V. Caven. "The Professional Career of Spanish Architects: Obstacles and Facilitators." In Construction and Building Research, 63–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7790-3_9.

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Ridderikhoff, J. "Obstacles in Computer-Aided Diagnosis." In Present Status of Computer Support in Ambulatory Care, 86–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-93355-4_12.

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4

Curley, G. F., M. Hayes, and J. G. Laffey. "Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells: Opportunities and Obstacles in ARDS." In Annual Update in Intensive Care and Emergency Medicine 2013, 467–80. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35109-9_38.

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Sanz-Segura, Rosana, and Elif Özcan. "Alarm Response in Critical Care: Obstacles for Compliance." In Health and Social Care Systems of the Future: Demographic Changes, Digital Age and Human Factors, 73–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-24067-7_9.

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6

Wang, Cuizhen, Camelia M. Kantor, Jerry T. Mitchell, and Todd S. Bacastow. "Digital Earth Education." In Manual of Digital Earth, 755–83. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9915-3_24.

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Abstract Digital Earth (DE) education provides students with geospatial knowledge and skills to locate, measure, and solve geographic problems on Earth’s surface. The rapid development of geospatial technology has promoted a new vision of DE to embrace data infrastructure, social networks, citizen science, and human processes on Earth. The high demand for a geospatial workforce also calls for an ever-changing, diverse form of learning experiences. Limited efforts, however, have been made regarding DE education to adapt to this changing landscape, with most interventions falling short of expectations. This chapter gives an overview of current teaching and learning structures with DE technologies. Successes and obstacles for K-12 education are explored first, followed by classroom technologies and experiential learning and outreach exercises such as academic certificates and internships in higher education. Taking the geospatial intelligence model from the U.S. Geospatial Intelligence Foundation (USGIF) as an example, recent advancements in DE education for professional careers are described via its geospatial competencies, hierarchical frameworks, and credentials. In alignment with the principles of DE development, future DE education calls for an integrated learning framework of open data, real-world context, and virtual reality for better preparedness of our students in the geospatial world.
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Opgenhaffen, Tim. "Regulation as an Obstacle to Care? A Care-Ethical Evaluation of the Regulation on the Use of Seclusion Cells in Psychiatric Care in Flanders (Belgium)." In Care in Healthcare, 169–90. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61291-1_9.

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8

Browne, Dallas L. "William Alfred Shack." In The Second Generation of African American Pioneers in Anthropology, 27–36. University of Illinois Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5622/illinois/9780252042027.003.0003.

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This chapter focuses on the life and accomplishments of Africanist anthropologist William Shack. Known to all as Shack, he had a career that included field research in Ethiopia and Swaziland, teaching in African universities as well as at the University of Illinois and the University of California, Berkeley. This chapter can offer hope and encouragement to graduate students of anthropology who may be in departments that are not as supportive or encouraging as they might wish, because William Shack faced major obstacles in completing his Ph.D. Despite the obstacles he faced, Shack went on to a distinguished career as an anthropologist and university administrator.
9

Johnson, Melissa L., and Kristy Spear. "Developing a Learning Community of Engineers Through an Honors First-Year Seminar." In Strategies for Increasing Diversity in Engineering Majors and Careers, 88–105. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-2212-6.ch005.

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First-year engineering majors face a myriad of obstacles as they begin college. Taking challenging foundational coursework, navigating new expectations for performance and experience, and understanding the broader impact of their academic interests are just a few of those obstacles. In addition, female students sometimes face additional barriers to success, particularly as some question their own competence in the field. This chapter focuses on a first-year seminar for honors students that highlights the high impact practices (Kuh, 2008) students should participate in throughout their undergraduate career. These practices include global engagement, undergraduate research, and internships that are essential for early exposure to future career interests. By developing both formal and informal learning communities within the seminar (Johnson, Pasquini, & Rodems, 2013), first-year students are exposed to opportunities, mentoring, and support that help them make informed decisions about their major and career.
10

Ayari, Asma. "Women and Careers." In Advances in Human Resources Management and Organizational Development, 74–86. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3710-6.ch004.

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Even though women now account for almost half of the labor force, women's work remains highly marked by a strong vertical and horizontal segmentation and continues to be less well paid than that of men. This chapter presents the glass ceiling and its consequences on the career of the women. The authors start by identifying some obstacles responsible for creating GC effects, and giving a set of recommendations to mitigate its effects.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Career obstacles":

1

Bayrakdar, Yonca, and Ozlem Ozgobek. "IT Women in Turkey: Education and Career Obstacles." In 2016 International Conference on Engineering, Technology and Innovation/IEEE lnternational Technology Management Conference (ICE/ITMC}. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ice/itmc39735.2016.9026005.

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2

Bickovska, Anna. "Metaphoric Associative Cards – Tool for Career Counselling with Long-Term Unemployed." In 14th International Scientific Conference "Rural Environment. Education. Personality. (REEP)". Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies. Faculty of Engineering. Institute of Education and Home Economics, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/reep.2021.14.046.

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Topicality of the research is that a significant part of unemployed stay unemployed for a very long time even when the economic situation allows to get employed. This part of society abuses the social security system, misuse the State Employment Agency services. Typically, they are seen by society as less educated, less capable than other groups and they need special assistance in job searching process. The aim of the pilot study was to explore how more creative and skill-oriented methods can be used in career counselling with long-term unemployed. The methodology includes following steps: small group of long-term unemployed (8 women) were asked to reflect on their unemployment and answer 4 questions developed by the author. Questions are covering their opinions on reasons of being unemployed, what kind of a result they want to achieve, what resources they can use and how they are going to feel in case they become employed. Results shows that most participants of the group consider that they can’t find a job because of external obstacles. They mention the State Employment Agency and relatives (families) as resources to use. All respondents were confused answering question about their feelings and cannot name any feeling they might feel getting a job. The results and process of the session show that long-term unemployed have difficulties with soft skills and emotional intelligence.
3

Strayer, James J., and Todd D. Engstrand. "Carmel Valley Trunk Sewer: Overcoming Obstacles in Infrastructure Replacement." In Pipelines Specialty Conference 2009. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/41069(360)94.

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4

Jakubcová, Kateřina, Vladimír Jůva, and Michal Roček. "On selected problems of low representation of women in coaching." In 12th International Conference on Kinanthropology. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9631-2020-51.

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Coaches play a crucial role in the development of sport at all levels. However, there is often talk of a lack of coaches. This problem is compounded by the fact that female coaches make up only a much smaller part of the coaching staff. Significant deficits of woman are particular-ly noticeable in senior coaching positions (e.g., among head or national coaches). The issue of female representation in coaching has received considerable attention for forty years, es-pecially within the broader topic of women and sport. At the same time, the literature reflects an interesting paradox. Political and sporting bodies at the international and national level address the shortage of female coaches, and many projects promoting women in coaching have emerged. Research but shows that female representation in coaching is practically not improving. Many organizational and interpersonal problems and myths about the possibilities of women trainers remain. Also, in the Czech Republic, in the last two decades, political and research activities pay considerable attention to the topic of women in coaching. Our study builds on Czech empirical findings in the field of women in sport from the first decade of the 21st century. Apartial goal of our more extensive research was to find out the reasons for the low representation of women among sports coaches. We addressed women (questionnaire survey, n=103, average age 24.3 years), who at the performance or top-level are engaged in various sports and who are – at the same time – feel “at the end” of their active sports track, and realistically think about the professional future after finishing their sports career. We pro-cessed the results using statistical analysis and open coding. The most common reasons that negatively affect the continuation of the addressed female athletes as coaches, respondents report low financial remuneration of coaching work and loss of leisure time. Other reasons why women do not consider coaching include the lack of their professional ambitions and re-spect from sports associations and sports clubs. Research carried out shows that about half of the addressed female athletes are interested in staying in the sport as a coach, but they are aware of many obstacles in this area at the same time.
5

Ramaccia, Davide, Antonino Tobia, Alessandro Toscano, and Filiberto Bilotti. "Antenna-based carpet device for extremely large obstacles: experimental verification." In 2018 IEEE International Symposium on Antennas and Propagation & USNC/URSI National Radio Science Meeting. IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/apusncursinrsm.2018.8608691.

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6

Kumar, Amit, and Aparajita Ojha. "An evader-centric strategy against fast pursuer in an unknown environment with static obstacles." In 2013 International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Embedded Systems (CARE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/care.2013.6733717.

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7

Ferguson, Steven E., Evan C. Lemley, and Mohammad R. Hossan. "Second Law Analysis of Passive Micro-Mixing in Rectangular Microchannels With Flow Obstacles." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-72328.

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Passive micromixers have application in the biosciences area. In particular, passive micromixers that may be used as part of point-of-care (POC) diagnostic testing devices are becoming common-place and have application in developed, developing, and relatively undeveloped locales. Characterizing and improving mixing efficiency in these devices is an ongoing research effort. Different channel geometries and flow obstacles lead to varying degrees of mixing effectiveness and serve to increase chaotic advective mixing in contrast to the molecular diffusive mixing that occurs even in the absence of these obstacles. Entropy is generated due to these, and other, irreversible processes. Efficient micromixer design is of interest to biomedical and mechanical engineers working in the biosciences area. The entropy generation rate, we contend, can provide an aid in determining how thoroughly mixed fluids in the channel have become, as well as provide insight into improving channel design to maximize desired outcomes, such as mixing, and minimizing losses due to heat transfer and power consumption. In this paper, we focus our analysis on numerical simulations conducted using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) on a supercomputer-cluster to do simulations with extended mesh refinement and very small residuals. This enabled us to test a wide range of flows with varying Reynolds numbers. The configuration of flow and species parameters within the simulations were compared to experimental results to confirm their validity. We show that varying the geometry of the channel can lead to a measurable increase in entropy generation via the Second Law of Thermodynamics. Further, we show that this increase in entropy is linked to mixing from obstacle-induced chaotic advection and diffusion. We provide evidence of a positive correlation between the efficiency of the mixing process and entropy generation. These findings will aid in the design of more efficient portable health care-related devices, particular in remote or underdeveloped regions where power utilization is a critical concern.
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O'Lawrence, Henry. "The Worforce for the 21st Century." In InSITE 2017: Informing Science + IT Education Conferences: Vietnam. Informing Science Institute, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.28945/3655.

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[This Proceedings paper was revised and published in the journal Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology] Aim/Purpose: In today’s changing economy, economic growth depends on career and technical programs for skill training. Background: This study discusses the key area in promoting individual learning and skill training and discusses the importance of career education and training as a way of promoting economic growth. Methodology: This study uses a qualitative study approach to investigate and report on the status and influence of Workforce Education and Development and its economic importance. Contribution: This report contributes to the knowledge base common to all work settings that can solve many human performance problems in the workplace. Findings: This study also justifies and validates the ideas on the importance of workforce education and development in the 21st century as a way of developing economic growth and providing learning to make individuals competitive in the global economy. Recommendations for Practitioners: For practitioners, this study suggests that we must always have discussions of what leads to career success and understanding that there is not enough high-skill/high-wage employment to go around. Therefore, developing these skills requires a decision about a career or related group of jobs to prepare to compete for them; we have to provide training needed in order to be competitive in global economy. Recommendation for Researchers: Researchers have to develop strategies to promote career direction with willingness to evaluate the level of academic interest, level of career focus and readiness for life away from home (attitudes, skills and knowledge of self). Impact on Society: Institutions must regularly evaluate curriculum to reflect the rapid technological changes and the globalization of world markets that reflect their mission and develop students’ mindset to always think big and think outside the box in order to be competitive in the global market. Change is external, transition is internal. It is important that the change agent communicate both the reasons for change and the probable consequences that people will experience during the time of this change, which is transition – a change people go through when they become unemployed or face a major employment obstacle in their lives. Future Research: New research should focus on career assessment materials and related academic programs and career directions that will promote success.
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Balog, Kornelija Petr, Sanjica Faletar Tanackovic, and Sanda Erdelez. "Information support system for Alzheimer’s disease patients’ caregivers in Croatia: a phenomenological approach." In ISIC: the Information Behaviour Conference. University of Borås, Borås, Sweden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47989/irisic2011.

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Introduction. The paper presents findings from a study that investigated information needs of caregivers of Alzheimer’s disease patients’ in Croatia, a country in which health and social care systems for such persons are insufficiently developed. Special emphasis is put on the barriers caregivers face in obtaining required information or services. Methods. Interviews with 11 Alzheimer’s disease patients’ caregivers from the area of Eastern Croatia were conducted. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was chosen as the best method to interpret the caregivers’ experience of information support received from the Croatian system. Analysis. Topics were defined for each interview and then superordinate topics were defined for the whole sample. Results. Results show that Alzheimer’s disease patients’ caregivers in Croatia are faced with numerous obstacles. No organised information support system was detected. Conclusions. A more holistic approach to information support is needed. Authors suggest an Alzheimer’s disease information package to be distributed through the family doctors’ practices.
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Vick, Michael J., Osama M. Jadaan, Andrew A. Wereszczak, Sung R. Choi, Andrew L. Heyes, and Keith R. Pullen. "Engine Design Strategies to Maximize Ceramic Turbine Life and Reliability." In ASME 2011 Turbo Expo: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2011-46784.

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Ceramic turbines have long promised to enable higher fuel efficiencies by accommodating higher temperatures without cooling, yet no engines with ceramic rotors are in production today. Studies cite life, reliability, and cost obstacles, often concluding that further improvements in the materials are required. In this paper, we assume instead that the problems could be circumvented by adjusting the engine design. Detailed analyses are conducted for two key life-limiting processes, water vapor erosion and slow crack growth, seeking engine design strategies for mitigating their effects. We show that highly recuperated engines generate extremely low levels of water vapor erosion, enabling lives exceeding 10,000 hours, without environmental barrier coatings. Recuperated engines are highly efficient at low pressure ratios, making low blade speeds practical. Many ceramic demonstration engines have had design point mean blade speeds near 550 m/s. A CARES/Life analysis of an example rotor designed for about half this value indicates vast improvements in SCG-limited life and reliability. Lower blade speeds also reduce foreign object damage (FOD) particle kinetic energy by a factor of four. In applications requiring very high fuel efficiency that can accept a recuperator, or in short-life simple cycle engines, ceramic turbines are ready for application today.

Звіти організацій з теми "Career obstacles":

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Orning, Tanja. Professional identities in progress – developing personal artistic trajectories. Norges Musikkhøgskole, August 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.22501/nmh-ar.544616.

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We have seen drastic changes in the music profession during the last 20 years, and consequently an increase of new professional opportunities, roles and identities. We can see elements of a collective identity in classically trained musicians who from childhood have been introduced to centuries old, institutionalized traditions around the performers’ role and the work-concept. Respect for the composer and his work can lead to a fear of failure and a perfectionist value system that permeates the classical music. We have to question whether music education has become a ready-made prototype of certain trajectories, with a predictable outcome represented by more or less generic types of musicians who interchangeably are able play the same, limited canonized repertoire, in more or less the same way. Where is the resistance and obstacles, the detours and the unique and fearless individual choices? It is a paradox that within the traditional master-student model, the student is told how to think, play and relate to established truths, while a sustainable musical career is based upon questioning the very same things. A fundamental principle of an independent musical career is to develop a capacity for critical reflection and a healthy opposition towards uncontested truths. However, the unison demands for modernization of institutions and their role cannot be solved with a quick fix, we must look at who we are and who we have been to look at who we can become. Central here is the question of how the music students perceive their own identity and role. To make the leap from a traditional instrumentalist role to an artist /curator role requires commitment in an entirely different way. In this article, I will examine question of identity - how identity may be constituted through musical and educational experiences. The article will discuss why identity work is a key area in the development of a sustainable music career and it will investigate how we can approach this and suggest some possible ways in this work. We shall see how identity work can be about unfolding possible future selves (Marcus & Nurius, 1986), develop and evolve one’s own personal journey and narrative. Central is how identity develops linguistically by seeing other possibilities: "identity is formed out of the discourses - in the broadest sense - that are available to us ..." (Ruud, 2013). The question is: How can higher music education (HME) facilitate students in their identity work in the process of constructing their professional identities? I draw on my own experience as a classically educated musician in the discussion.
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Bland, Gary, Lucrecia Peinado, and Christin Stewart. Innovations for Improving Access to Quality Health Care: The Prospects for Municipal Health Insurance in Guatemala. RTI Press, December 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.pb.0016.1712.

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Municipal insurance–a collective compact in which municipal government is the lead actor in designing, delivering, and supervising a health care financing arrangement—is considered by some Guatemalans as a potential new avenue for improving financial protection against rising costs and improved access to quality health care. This brief presents a political economy analysis of the prospects for the adoption of municipal insurance in Guatemala. Municipal insurance has so far been tried only once, in 2015, by the large suburban municipality of Villa Nueva. Drawing from the Villa Nueva experience, based on interviews with nearly 30 key informants, this brief examines the potential obstacles to municipal insurance reform as well as leading factors favoring its introduction. Consistent health ministry support and equity concerns are potential limitations, for example, while decentralization and the recent emergence of creative insurance products are likely to be supportive. This brief then concludes with consideration of the policy implications of such a reform. We also offer a series of policy recommendations for policymakers and practitioners who may be looking to implement municipal insurance reform.
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Family Planning Programs for the 21st Century: Rationale and Design. Population Council, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh11.1016.

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Family planning improves health, reduces poverty, and empowers women. Yet, today, more than 200 million women in the developing world want to avoid pregnancy but are not using a modern method of contraception. They face many obstacles, including lack of access to information and health-care services, opposition from their husbands and communities, misperceptions about side effects, and cost. Family planning programs are among the most successful development interventions of the past 50 years. They are unique in their range of potential benefits, encompassing economic development, maternal and child health, educational advances, and women’s empowerment. Research shows that with high-quality voluntary family planning programs, governments are able to reduce fertility and produce large-scale improvements in health, wealth, human rights, and education. This book is a comprehensive resource for policymakers and donors. It makes the case for increased funding and support of voluntary family planning, and details how to design programs to operate both ethically and effectively.

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