Дисертації з теми "Catalyseur d'oxydation de l'eau"
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Jallet, Vincent. "Conception de polyoxométallates amphiphiles pour la catalyse d'oxydation en microémulsion." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066275/document.
The future of the chemical industry lies in the development of new synthetic methods, especially in setting up catalytic processes and in using new and efficient media. The aim of this doctoral research was to develop polyoxometalate based catalytic surfactants to catalytically oxidize organic substrates in microemulsions. This research begun with the synthesis and the characterization of new polyoxometalate based surfactant families, and water soluble molecules could be obtained by controlling the nature of the counterions. These amphiphilic molecules were used to make a homogeneous oxidation catalysis in most commonly used organic solvents and so-called green solvents. The study of the catalysis contributed to the understanding of active sites. The study of the aggregation properties of some of our amphiphilic POMs was carried out using physicochemical characterization techniques such as SAXS and NMR, and the formation of micelles was evidenced undoubtedly. One drawback of our system is the slow hydrolysis of the phosphonylated group grafted onto the POM framework in water, which has been showed to be accelerated in acidic conditions. Despite this degradation, we succeeded in stabilising a microemulsion by amphiphilic polyoxometalates for the first time, and we characterized it by SAXS and NMR HMQC. The oxidation catalysis in microemulsion couldn’t be carried out because of the catalyst inhibition and/or hydrolisis in presence of water
Jorda, Eric. "Synthèse et caractérisation de titanosilicates avec TiF4 comme source de titane : application en catalyse d'oxydation ménagée par l'eau oxygénée." Lyon 1, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996LYO10254.
Gumuchian, Diane. "Développement et étude d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée de traitement de l'eau pour composés organiques résistants par couplage plasma/catalyse." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066577/document.
This work enabled the development of a method of water treatment by plasma/catalysis coupling.The plasma treatments were carried out in two different reactors: a point/plane reactor and a dynamic reactor.Both reactors allow to control the gas atmosphere of the treatment. The feasibility of the degradation of aceticacid has been proven. Some processing parameters in the point/plane reactor (treatment gas, gas flow rate andfrequency of discharge) and the dynamic reactor (liquid phase flow, concentration of the pollutant and injectedpower) were studied.A modeling of the process using Comsol Multiphysics and Scilab softwares was conducted. It was possible toobserve the importance of the way active species (mainly hydroxyl radicals) are brought to the solution.A Co3O4 powder catalyst was studied in order to couple the plasma treatment with a catalytic treatment. Thus,manipulations of catalytic ozonation were conducted. They highlighted the efficiency of the catalyst for thedecomposition of pollutants.Finally, the plasma/catalysis coupling produced promising results, since it improved the decomposition ofpollutants.Possible improvements of the process could be to maximize the amount of high voltage electrodes and toredesign their shape (electrodes in parallel, plane geometry, etc.). Depositing a thin layer of catalyst on thegrounded electrode by PECVD (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition) technique has to be performed
Nguyen, Thi Quyen. "Développement de photoélectrodes hybrides via l'assemblage d'un photosensibilisateur à base de ruthénium et d'un nanocatalyseur métal-oxyde métallique pour la génération d'O2 solaire." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021TOU30046.
In this work, different nanostructured catalytic systems have been synthesized by an organometallic approach to produce nanoparticles (NPs) of small size and narrow size distribution, and their catalytic activity in the water oxidation reaction has been evaluated. First Fe NPs stabilized by oleic acid were synthesized that displayed an average size of ca. 10 nm ± 1.1 nm. A gamma-Fe_2O_3 oxide layer ca. 2.6 nm thick has been formed at their surface to obtain Fe@FeOx core-shell structure of ca. 11.5 ± 2.3 nm in diameter. Despite their hydrophobicity, these nanoparticles showed good electrocatalytic activity in alkaline conditions. As the gamma-Fe_2O_3 oxide shell is well adapted to the grafting of phosphonic groups, these Fe@FeOx NPs were grafted with different aminophosphonic acids in order to transfer them into water. Preliminary assessment of their catalytic activity showed improved activity for the NPs functionalized by 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid which opens promising prospects. Subsequently, a Ru-phenanthroline light-harvester with a pendant phosphonate group was synthesized and grafted onto the Fe@FeOx core/shell NPs to afford a novel hybrid photoanode for solar-driven water splitting. Mono- and biphasic processes were investigated to graft the Ru-complex at the surface of the NPs. The monophasic process was found to be more efficient as it provided a higher grafting density at the surface of the NPs (respectively 56 and 9 Ru per nanoparticles for the mono and biphasic processes). Photoelectrochemical measurements showed that the hybrid nanocatalyst comprising the highest Ru content was ca. 9-fold more catalytically active than a simple mixture between a ruthenium polypyridyl photosensitizer bearing no grafting group and the Fe@FeOx nanoparticles, and 40-fold more active than the pristine Fe@FeOx NPs. The performance enhancement could be attributed to a more efficient electron transfer between the ruthenium polypyridyl photosensitizer and the Fe@FeOx water oxidation catalyst thanks to the covalent bonding between these two components. The covalent grafting was found to improve not only the photocatalytic activity but also the stability of the system. Finally, amorphous NiFe NPs (diameter ca. 4 nm) with two different ratios between Ni and Fe (Ni_0.5Fe_0.5 NPs and Ni_0.68Fe_0.32 NPs) were synthesized, oxidized in air and grafted with 3-aminopropylphosphonic acid in order to obtain hydrophilic systems. The electrocatalytic activity of these water-soluble NPs was studied in alkaline solution, in comparison with that of crude NiOx NPs, FeOx NPs, and Ni_0.1Fe_0.9Ox NPs. The water soluble NPs containing 32 % of Fe (Ni_0.68Fe_0.32Ox) showed the highest activity and a good durability in alkaline solution. These characteristics make these amorphous NPs potentially applicable in photoelectrochemical cells for water splitting
Ishida-Blanc, Naoko. "Mécanisme de l'enzyme d'oxydation de l'eau." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00448309.
Sözen, Aktas Pelin. "Complexes organométalliques à haut degré d'oxydation du molybdène et du tungstène comme catalyseur d'oxydation." Toulouse 3, 2012. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1894/.
The chemistry of molybdenum and tungsten cyclopentadienyl complexes in higher oxidation states with oxo, imido and sulfide ligands has increased in significance. Interest in Cp* oxo molybdenum and tungsten complexes is particularly motivated by their potential in oxidation catalysis. Most advances in the chemistry of molybdenum and tungsten systems involve investigations on oxidation processes. An important need in this area is to find a better and simpler procedure for the synthesis of dinuclear Cp* oxo molybdenum and tungsten complexes. Improved high-yield synthetic routes to the well-known starting compounds [Cp*2M2O5] (M=Mo, W) are described in the thesis. Subsequently, the reactivity of the WVI complex with sulphur donor ligands is presented. This comprises the investigation of the interaction between [Cp*2W2O5] and mercaptocarboxylic acids, especially 3-mercaptopropionic acid, which resulted in the isolation and structural characterization of compound [Cp*WO2(SCH2CH2COOH)]. This is the first reported structure of WVI surrounded by a CpO2(SR) ligand set. Comparison with the results of the corresponding reaction of [Cp*2Mo2O5], which leads to facile metal reduction, shows a greater tendency of the Mo compound to be reduced. For the W complex, on the other hand, a reversible reaction gives rise to a simple Cp*WVI ligand exchange product. The corresponding reaction for thioglycolic acid resulted in an adduct having the same stoichiometry at low substrate/W ratio, but containing a 5-membered cycle in an asymmetric [Cp*WO(OH)(SCH2COO)] structure. However, the deepening of the solution color when using greater substrate/W ratios indicates the intervention of metal reduction to yield several by-products as shown by NMR. Cp*Mo oxo complexes have proven to be efficient catalyst precursors for the epoxidation of olefins and the thesis also focused on the catalytic activity of [Cp*2Mo2O5] with TBHP (in decane) as oxidant in the MeCN/Toluene system. High activities were observed under mild conditions with catalyst loadings as low as %1 and with high chemoselectivities for the epoxidation of cyclooctene. The rate law for the catalyzed process has been derived and the difference with respect to the previously determined rate law for the same process with H2O2 as oxidant is discussed. The activation parameters for the catalytic process have also been derived by the Eyring analysis from variable-temperature kinetic data. A puzzling difference in relative reactivity of the Mo and W systems (W >> Mo when using H2O2, W << Mo when using TBHP), however, remains without a satisfactory rationalization. A detailed investigations of the speciation behavior of the tungsten compound, [Cp*2W2O5], through combined 1H NMR and electrical conductivity studies in a variety of coordinating and dissociating solvents (acetone, DMSO, MeOH, MeCN, H2O) is presented in the thesis. The combined 1H NMR investigations are in complete agreement with the results of the electrical conductivity studies, in the sense that the dominant or exclusive species in all organic solvents is undissociated. These experimental studies demonstrate that at least two species are formed in polar solvents and are corroborated by a computational study
Lepreux, Olivier. "Modélisation et commande de la température pour un catalyseur d'oxydation diesel." Phd thesis, École Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Paris, 2009. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00005857.
Machet, Alexandre. "Etude des premiers stades d'oxydation d'alliages inoxydables dans l'eau à haute température." Paris 6, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001039.
NIKOLIC, MARIA. "Un catalyseur d'oxydation des gaz malodorants : la phtalocyanine de cobalt. oxydation catalytique des thiols en phase gazeuse, premiere etape vers un catalyseur auto-supporte." Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066603.
Godard, Anaïs. "Nouveaux procédés verts d'oxydation de l'acide oléique." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012INPT0155/document.
In a context of scarce oil resources and environmental pressures, the chemical industry needs to innovate by developing new production chains aiming the design of bioproducts from biobased raw materials. Unsaturated fatty acids derived from vegetable oils, thus represents renewable resources with a great potential, allowing to diversify petroleum based supplies. Our interest is focused on the oxidative cleavage reaction of unsaturated fatty acids to yield mono-acids and di-acids with shorter and odd hydrocarbon chains, which are not available at a natural state. Such hydrocarbon chains are attractive for industry because they meet specific properties. But, they are currently only produced from fossil resources. Therefore, the objective was to develop an efficient method for oxidative cleavage, less expensive and less polluting than ozonolysis, the only operational industrial process. The selected oxidizing conditions employs hydrogen peroxide as oxidant, together with a phase transfer catalyst, without using an organic solvent. Several phase transfer catalysts Q3{PO4[WO(O2)2]4} were prepared from tungstophosphoric acid, hydrogen peroxide and a quaternary ammonium salt (Q+,Cl-), in order to compare their effectiveness in transferring oxygen to the substrate in the organic phase. An optimization of reaction parameters was carried out with the most performing catalyst. In addition, two protocols have been developed for the in-situ preparation of the catalyst and its recovery after reaction. The method was extended to fatty acids derivatives, in order to obtain other short chain acids, having a wide range of applications. The environmental benefits associated with this new method were evaluated by calculating green indicators. To consider an easier recycling of the catalyst, the oxodiperoxotungstate anion {PO4[WO(O2)2]4}3-, the active species of the catalyst was supported on anion-exchange resins. Two types of macroporous resins were tested: commercial resins (Amberlite IRA 900 and Lewatit K7367) and modified resins (type Merrifield). We showed that the modified resins, lead to the oxidative cleavage of oleic acid with higher yields than commercial ones, despite the presence of solvent. However, the immobilisation of the oxodiperoxtungstate anion on commercial resins allows the one-step synthesis of acetals, compounds of great interest for the synthesis of derivatives with a high added value. Using acetone as both reagent and solvent, we obtained good yields in ketal. Furthermore, the "one-pot" acetalization reaction of oleic acid was extended to other solvents (alcohols) as an opportunity to synthesize a wide range of acetals. The developed process is particularly interesting as it leads to the direct synthesis of ketal or acetals from an unsaturated fatty acid, avoiding the intermediate reaction steps
Castillo, Rivera Luis Antonio (1970. "Etude d'effluents difficilement biodégradables : caractérisation et traitement par procédés d'oxydation avancée (POA)." Aix-Marseille 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999AIX11060.
Esmilaire, Roseline. "Matériaux membranaires en TiO₂ sous-stœchiométrique pour le traitement de l'eau par procédé électrochimique d'oxydation avancée." Thesis, Montpellier, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017MONTT182.
This project aims to contribute to the sustainable management of water as an essential natural resource, through the development of an innovative technology based on the coupling of a baromembranar filtration process and electrochemical advanced oxidation processes (EAOP) in order to mineralize very stable organic molecules.Since these bio-refractory pollutants cannot be totally degraded by common oxidants (biological, O3, Cl2, H2O2), advanced oxidation processes (AOP) are thus considered. In electrochemistry, these hydroxyl radicals can be generated by water oxidation on carbon cathodes by the electro-Fenton process or on anode showing high oxygen evolution overvoltage like sub-stoichiometric titanium oxide and Boron Doped Diamond (BDD).This work deals with the development and characterization of tubular filtration membranes composed of the most conductive Magnéli phases: Ti4O7 and Ti5O9. These materials can be used in anodic oxidation process with lower manufacturing cost compared to BDD. Microfiltration tubular membranes composed of these phases were prepared with the support of CREE (Research Group of Saint-Gobain). They were elaborated by carbothermal reduction of TiO2, which is very innovative compared to dihydrogen reduction. TinO2n-1 powders (with 3 ≤ n ≤ 5) of controlled grain size were elaborated by electrofusion of TiO2 powder and coke followed by grinding. These powders were further used at the European Institute of Membranes to formulate stable suspensions of particles to prepare thin solid films of low microfiltration, by dip-coating or slip-casting. We also propose an original method for the production of thin layers of TinO2n-1 (n to be defined) by sol-gel route followed by a thermal treatment to obtain ultra or nanofiltration active layers. After optimization, those materials have shown their efficiency towards the degradation of bio-refractory compounds such as pharmaceutics (Paracetamol) when used as electrochemical reactive membranes either in static (beaker) or in dynamic mode (filtration pilot). The next step will focus on the coupling of the anodic oxidation and the baromembranar filtration processes using the reactive developed membranes. From first results, this technology appears really promising for the treatment of bio-refractory pollutants in water. This thesis was financially supported by the National Research Agency (NRA) within the framework of the ECO-TS program, the CElectrON project
Besson, Claire. "Huat degrés d'oxydation du ruthénium et ligands polyoxométallates : du transfert d'azote à l'oxydation catalytique de l'eau." Paris 6, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA066350.
Ferré, Géraldine. "Étude des propriétés dynamiques du catalyseur Pt/CeO2." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. https://n2t.net/ark:/47881/m6qj7gnq.
European regulation against cars’ pollution is more and more tough. Car’s constructors have to develop new solutions to limit the impact on the population. One possible improvement for the actual depollution systems is to start the catalysis at low temperature to reduce the pollution from cold start. The major objective of this thesis’ research has been to understand the evolution of the catalyst Pt/CeO2 during several REDOX cycles in order to improve the oxidation performances of CO, C3H6 and NO at low temperature. To simulate NOXTRAP conditions, gas pulses of rich and lean atmosphere have improved catalytic performances for CO oxidation. In situ characterization aren’t compatible with these kind of activation. Therefore, REDOX sequences have been established with 1 h under reductive atmosphere and 1 h under oxidative atmosphere. Three kind of configurations for the Pt atoms have been observed by MET after theses kind of sequences in function of the temperature: 3D Nps, raft and single atoms. By using various characterization technics: Raman, TPS, CO chemisorption, XANES, XPS, the results demonstrate that the most effective site come from the probable cluster Pt8O14. In this configuration the platinum is in Pt2+ electronic stat with Pt-O-Pt bonds. On this kind of particles, Mars-Van Krevlen mechanism isn’t applicable for CO oxidation. For NO and propene bigger particles are needed for improve performances. The dynamics of formation and dispersion of the particles led to the build of optimum dispersity for the reactions of oxidation and the use of REDOX of activation leads successfully to the formation of active Pt/CeO2 catalyst
Mabad, Bouchra. "Modélisation du site d'oxydation de l'eau en photosynthèse complexes du manganèse avec des bases de Schiff polydentées /." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1987. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37607551b.
Mabad, Bouchra. "Modelisation du site d'oxydation de l'eau en photosynthese : complexes du manganese avec des bases de schiff polydentees." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30103.
Koffi, Philippe. "Conversion et stockage de l'énergie solaire : étude et développement de catalyseurs de photoréduction de l'eau, amélioration de la production d'hydrogène par empoisonnement du catalyseur." Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112368.
Nguyen, Van Nuoi Patrick. "Optimisation du catalyseur supporté sur β-SiC pour la réaction d'oxydation directe de l'H2S en soufre élémentaire, du laboratoire à l'industrie". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2006. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/public/theses_doctorat/2006/NGUYEN_VAN_NUOI_Patrick_2006.pdf.
Fontaine, Céline. "Etude cinétique de la réaction d'oxydation de CO2 sur des catalyseurs à base de rhodium : nature du site catalytique et influence du support." Paris 6, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006PA066262.
Derule, Hervé. "Influence du degré d'oxydation du métal sur la sélectivité des catalyseurs de synthèse Fischer-tropsch." Poitiers, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989POIT2268.
Brossard, Maxime. "Influence de l'eau (vapeur, liquide) et du régime d'oxydation sur la dégradation de revêtements alumino-formeurs sur superalliage à base nickel." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LAROS018/document.
Upon service, aero-turbine blades (nickel-based superalloys) are submitted to high temperature degradation that may alter their structural properties. The oxidizing atmospheres are particularly complex (O2, H2O, CO2, SO2, NOx…) with variable water vapour contents as function of the engine regime and the atmospheric conditions (clouds, rain, relative humidity of air). These substrate materials are protected by alumina-forming coatings to improve their oxidation resistance, while additional thermal barrier coatings insulate the hottest parts. This PhD project aims at studying the effect of water (vapour, liquid) on the degradation of conventional and new coatings (Al slurry, electrodeposited CeO2) developed at the LaSIE laboratory under different oxidation regimes (isothermal and cyclic). An approximation to service conditions was proposed through an original methodology in which several oxidation and post-ageing conditions for different oxidation ranges (hot, upon cooling, at room temperature) were performed. The experiments showed little effect of water vapour mixed with air at 1100°C in isothermal conditions, in particular when the alumina scale grew over the surface. In contrast, water-containing environments at room temperature (relative humidity, water drops) increased the spallation of the oxide scales above a critical threshold time. Cyclic oxidation with water cooling provoked in turn, a catastrophic failure of the aluminide coatings by a mechanism involving thermal fatigue and pitting corrosion
Wu, Dongliang. "Etude expérimentale de l'impact de l'eau et/ou des suies vis-à-vis de l'adsorption des oxydes d'azote sur catalyseur modèle Platine-Baryum/alumine : Contribution à la compréhension des mécanismes d'adsorption." Phd thesis, Université de Haute Alsace - Mulhouse, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062691.
El, Mansour Abdellah. "Chimie organométallique de surface sur métaux étude de la préparation de catalyseurs bimétalliques par réaction de Sn(Bu) avec le catalyseur Rh/SiO sous différents états d'oxydation." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb375994230.
Seguirin, Mejdi. "Contribution à la comprèhension du mécanisme d'oxydation des suies par NO2 dans les conditions des échappements Diesel : influence de la présence d'un catalyseur à base de platine." Mulhouse, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MULH0790.
The combustion of soot by NO2 under the operation conditions of the continuous regeneration trap in absence and in presence of a catalyst was studied in fixed bed reactor. The oxidation of carbon by a gas mixture contaiming NO2, O2 and H2O at temperature lower than 450°C proceeds according to two distinct oxidation reactions : a direct reaction C-NO2 and a co-operative reaction C-NO2-O2. In the latter, NO2 promotes the decomposition of the intermediate C(O) complex formed from the chimisorption of oxygen. The principal effect of the water vapour in the C-NO2 reaction is attributed to the intermediate formation of traces of nitric and nitrous acids. These intermediate species exert a catalytic effect on the oxidation of carbon by N02 without having a measurable effect on the co-operative reaction. The addition of a Pt-based catalyst leads to an increase in the rate of carbon oxidation when oxygen is present in the gas mixture. The effect of catalyst is attributed to the dissociation of oxygen and its transfer to the carbon surface. Another effect of platinum is the reoxidation of NO in NO2 necessary for the destabilisation of the -C(O) complexes
Dang, Thi Thom. "Contribution to the development and the intensification of the O3/H2O2 advanced oxidation process." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017ENCR0041.
This thesis work contributes to the understanding and the development of the advanced oxidation process coupling ozone and hydrogen peroxide (peroxone process O3/H2O2) in aqueous solution. This process allows the generation of non-selective and very reactive hydroxyl radicals, which can mineralize a lot of recalcitrant pollutants. In a first time, the reaction rate constant between O3 and the hydroperoxide anion, the conjugated base of H2O2, has been determined between 20 and 35°C by the reactive absorption method. This reaction plays a fundamental role in the peroxone process because it initiates the ozone decomposition and the first radicals’ formation. A stirred-cell reactor, in which the liquid and gas phases are separated by a flat interface, has been used semi-continuously. The reaction rate constant found at 20°C was in the range 1. 91×106 - 2. 40×106 L mol-1 s-1, depending on the correlation considered to calculate the ozone Henry’s law constant. Activation energy in the range 44. 9 - 69. 1 kJ mol-1 has been consequently determined. In a second time, an innovative system for the implementation of the peroxone process has been developed, breaking with the traditional peroxone process configuration in which the ozone is directly transferred in the treated water spiked with H2O2. The developed process is based on the separation of the ozone transfer in aqueous solution step and of the mixing with the treated water spiked with H2O2 solution steps. Thus, the ozone transfer was carried out continuously upstream of a tubular reactor filled with static mixers. This tubular reactor was used continuously to mix the pre-ozonated solution and the studied solution. The radical production was improved by using equimolar ozone and hydrogen peroxide concentrations. With these conditions, the ozone was almost fully consumed at the first sampling point, corresponding to a reaction time of around 10 to 20 s. The experimental results highlighted a hydroxyl radical exposure from one to two orders of magnitude higher than in the traditional peroxone process applications. High hydroxyl radical exposure to ozone exposure ratios (Rct), around 10-6, have been measured. Therefore, this configuration allows to advantageously benefit from the first seconds of the ozone decomposition (initial phase), in which the radical production is clearly higher than in the second phase of the ozone decomposition
Dosière-Durand, Carine. "Approche globale pour la gestion et l'élimination des polluants organiques : application aux rejets aqueux issus des procédés de synthèses du 5007-TDS et du 12911." Paris 11, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA112263.
Global approach was a multidisciplinary concept developed in the laboratory of applied microbiology, since a decade. The aim was to answer to an industrial problem. It was applied, under this Ph-D, to aqueous effluents released during the syntheses of two headlight drugs of Servier laboratories: Arcalion, drug antiastheny and Protelos, used against osteoporosis. The first step or the subject concerned analysis and characterization of organic pollutants present in studied effluents. The two family of pollutants contained either thiophenic skeleton, or aminopyrimidin moiety, exclusive of vitamin B1 and a disulfide bond. Some methods of degradation by chemical, microbiological and enzymatic ways were established for the study the purification of the effluent, and mechanisms implemented on target or pattern molecules belonging to the families of pollutants. AOPs, in particular Fenton and ZEA process have shown their efficiencies for the cleanup of the two effluents. The metabolism of each molecule was also studied in microorganisms and mammals. Finally, global approach contain an evaluation part, in which were tested different metabolites as methylglyoxal scavengers, entity responsible for diabetes complications
Koffi, Philippe. "Conversion et stockage de l'énergie solaire étude et développement de catalyseurs de photoréduction de l'eau, amélioration de la production d'hydrogène par empoisonnement du catalyseur." Grenoble 2 : ANRT, 1986. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb37598775t.
Mansour, Abdellah El. "Chimie organométallique de surface sur métaux : étude de la préparation de catalyseurs bimétalliques par réaction de Sn(Bu)4 avec le catalyseur Rh-SiO2 sous différents états d'oxydation." Lyon 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LYO11713.
Astudillo, Neira Catalina Andrea. "Nanoparticules d'oxyde de nickel et de cobalt incorporées dans des films de polypyrrole en tant que matériau électrocatalytique efficace pour l'oxydation de l'eau." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. https://thares.univ-grenoble-alpes.fr/2020GRALV016.pdf.
This thesis deals with the development of highly active and stable anodes for electrocatalytic water oxidation under near-neutral pH conditions, based on nickel or cobalt or nickel/iron oxide nanoparticules embedded into a poly(pyrrole-alkylammonium) matrix. Prepared by an all-electrochemical procedure, these nanocomposite materials are highly nanostructured with sizes of metal oxide particle between 20 and 30 nm, which are well dispersed into the polypyrrole film, conferring a great electroactive surface area and thus a high electrocatalytic activity towards water oxidation at near neutral pH of 9.2. These performances place these nanocomposite based electrodes among the most active anodes described in the literature employing either nickel or cobalt or nickel/iron oxide at pH 9.2. In addition, when the nanocomposite material is electrodeposited on porous ITO, the physisorption of the nanocomposite film is considerably enhanced and consequently its catalytic activity is very stable beyond 24 h of electrolysis. This work demonstrates the beneficial role of positively charged polypyrrole matrix in the preparation of small particles of metal oxide and in the achievement of highly stable and active anodes for water oxidation
Lesage, Olivier. "Développement d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée pour le traitement d'effluents aqueux contaminés par des polluants réfractaires : étude d'un procédé de décharge plasma à pression atmosphérique couplé à un catalyseur supporté." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01069381.
Lesage, Olivier, and Olivier Lesage. "Développement d'un procédé d'oxydation avancée pour le traitement d'effluents aqueux contaminés par des polluants réfractaires : étude d'un procédé de décharge plasma à pression atmosphérique couplé à un catalyseur supporté." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25272.
Dans ces travaux de recherche nous avons cherché à développer et optimiser un procédé d’oxydation avancée dédié au traitement de l’eau. Pour cela, Nous avons développé un procédé combinant la génération de radicaux hydroxyles par décharge plasma à pression atmosphérique et un catalyseur fixe. L’originalité de ce travail a été d’utiliser un système d’écoulement permettant l’obtention d’un film liquide (épaisseur < 1mm) afin de permettre une interaction entre le plasma, le liquide et la surface catalytique. Les résultats ont montré que la décharge de type DBD était préférable au Glidarc, plus thermique, plus énergétique et produisant trop de NOx. Les valeurs d’efficacités respectives ont été de 0,67 g.kWh-1 (DBD) et 0,23 g.kWh-1 (Glidarc). Les résultats ont également montré que le matériau de la surface d’écoulement pouvait influencer l’efficacité du procédé. Ainsi dans le cas du laiton, la présence de réactions de corrosion produisant des NO2- réduit l’efficacité de moitié comparée à une plaque d’acier. Le développement d’un modèle CFD 1D du procédé a également été effectué. Celui-ci a permis d’estimer que l’efficacité énergétique de production des HO⋅ est de 4,4.10-9 molHO.J-1 pour la décharge DBD. Il a également permis de montrer que les facteurs majoritairement limitants étaient la présence de réactions parasites telles que la recombinaison des HO⋅. Le modèle a également montré que les réactions chimiques ne durent pas plus de 1µs après l’impact du streamer et n’ont lieu que dans les premiers 5% d’épaisseur de liquide. Enfin, un dépôt catalytique de DLC dopé à l’argent et réalisé par rf-PECVD a permis d’améliorer de près de 10% l’efficacité maximale du procédé. Mots clés : Procédé d’Oxydation Avancée, décharge à barrière diélectrique, Glidarc, dépollution, rf-PECVD, Diamond-Like Carbon, catalyseur, argent, modélisation CFD.
The aim of this research lies in the development and optimization of an advanced oxidation process dedicated to wastewater treatment. This process combines an atmospheric plasma discharge with an immobilized catalyst (Ag-DLC) in order to generate hydroxyl radicals. The novelty of this work relies in the use of a falling thin film system (thickness < 1mm) to promote the interaction between plasma discharge, the solution and the catalytic surface. The results demonstrate the interest of employing a Dielectric Barrier Discharge configuration instead of a Glidarc system. Indeed, the Glidarc system leads to a too high production level of NOx. The efficiencies of these two processes were respectively 0,67 g.kWh-1 and 0,23 g.kWh-1 for the DBD and the Glidarc system. Moreover, the influence of the counter-electrode / flowing plate material on the process efficiency was pointed out. Compared to stainless steel, the presence of corrosion reactions on the brass surface produced NO2- and thus, reduced the process efficiency. The production of HO⋅ radicals at the plasma / water interface was estimated to be 4,4.10-9 molHO.J-1 by the use of 1D CFD modeling. Side reactions such as HO⋅ recombinaison appear as the major limiting factors. Futhermore the model demonstrates that the time needed to complete all the chemical reactions was less than 1 µs and these reactions occurred only in the first 5% of the top liquid film. Finally with an Ag-DLC based catalytic coating elaborated by RF-PECVD, the efficiency was increased to 10% compared to the best efficiency observed with the non-catalytic system. Keywords : Advanced Oxidation Process, Dielectric barrier discharge, Glidarc, depollution, rf-PECVD, Diamond-Like Carbon, catalyst, silver, CFD modelling.
The aim of this research lies in the development and optimization of an advanced oxidation process dedicated to wastewater treatment. This process combines an atmospheric plasma discharge with an immobilized catalyst (Ag-DLC) in order to generate hydroxyl radicals. The novelty of this work relies in the use of a falling thin film system (thickness < 1mm) to promote the interaction between plasma discharge, the solution and the catalytic surface. The results demonstrate the interest of employing a Dielectric Barrier Discharge configuration instead of a Glidarc system. Indeed, the Glidarc system leads to a too high production level of NOx. The efficiencies of these two processes were respectively 0,67 g.kWh-1 and 0,23 g.kWh-1 for the DBD and the Glidarc system. Moreover, the influence of the counter-electrode / flowing plate material on the process efficiency was pointed out. Compared to stainless steel, the presence of corrosion reactions on the brass surface produced NO2- and thus, reduced the process efficiency. The production of HO⋅ radicals at the plasma / water interface was estimated to be 4,4.10-9 molHO.J-1 by the use of 1D CFD modeling. Side reactions such as HO⋅ recombinaison appear as the major limiting factors. Futhermore the model demonstrates that the time needed to complete all the chemical reactions was less than 1 µs and these reactions occurred only in the first 5% of the top liquid film. Finally with an Ag-DLC based catalytic coating elaborated by RF-PECVD, the efficiency was increased to 10% compared to the best efficiency observed with the non-catalytic system. Keywords : Advanced Oxidation Process, Dielectric barrier discharge, Glidarc, depollution, rf-PECVD, Diamond-Like Carbon, catalyst, silver, CFD modelling.
Jacquens, Julien. "Stabilité, réactivité et performances de conducteurs par ions oxyde de la famille LAMOX comme éléments de cœur de pile à combustible SOFC mono-chambre." Le Mans, 2010. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2010/2010LEMA1020.pdf.
The compounds of the LAMOX family, based on La2Mo2O9, are pure fast oxide ionic conductors in air. However, they could be reduced in atmosphere with low oxygen partial pressure. The aim of this work has been to probe the feasibility of their use as electrolyte of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, with inglechamber geometry (less reducing). The first part of results is dedicated to the stability and catalytical properties of LAMOX compounds and electrode materials under propane:air mixture (similar to single chamber conditions). The stability of LAMOX powder has been probed after 72h at 600°C. Moreover La2Mo2O9 (LM) seems to be a good oxidation catalyst, which might be useful as anode composite Ni:LM. Under more reducing atmosphere (diluted hydrogen), electrical measurements have shown that the reduction of LAMOX compounds could be optimised in order to form mixed ionic/electronic conducting anodes. In the second part, interest is given to solid/solid compatibility between different components. Chemical and mechanical compatibility tests have guided our choice on two new cathode materials, La0. 85Ca0. 15FeO3-δ and La0. 75Ca0. 25Co0. 8Fe0. 2O3-δ/Ce0. 9Gd0. 1O1. 95 which had never been tested in real operating conditions of fuel cell. Concerning the anode Ni:La2Mo1. 5W0. 5O9 (LMW0,5), no problem of incompatibility has been observed with the electrolyte LMW0. 5. Finally, in a third part, fuel cell tests have shown that the use of this electrolyte seems to be possible under propane:air mixture at 600°C. However, the power of cell is lower with two levels of magnitude to that reported in litterature, because of poor electrochemical activity of the cathodes for oxygen reduction, checked by symmetric cell measurements. The nickel content of the anode and its dimensions have also proved crucial for the choice of operating conditions and the stability of fuel cell performances
Kesraoui-Abdessalem, Aida. "Dégradation des pesticides chlortoluron, carbofurane et bentazone en milieux aqueux par les procédés d'oxydation avancée." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00742462.
Mohamed, Sophie. "Développement de polymères à empreintes moléculaires basé sur une manganoporphyrine utilisé comme catalyseur oxydatif de dérivés soufrés. Vers une nouvelle approche biomimétique de décontamination d'armes chimiques." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR027/document.
Molecular imprinting polymer is a useful technique for creating artificial receptors able of selectively binding substrates. These recognition properties are particularly interesting for developing macromolecular catalysts. Our aim was to access to a reusable supramolecular catalyst able of oxidizing sulfur derivatives under heterogeneous conditions in the presence of a mild and eco-sustainable oxidant such as hydrogen peroxide. Given the expertise of the team, we decided to focus our work on the development of a catalytic system for the decontamination of surfaces or equipment, after an exposure to compounds that can be detoxified by a selective oxidation of sulfides. Thus, we prepared a porphyrin-based MIP that we tested in the oxidation of various sulfides. The mild conditions used for the catalysis allowed a control of the oxidation degree of a simulant of yperite, leading to a great selectivity the sulfoxide derivative, and avoiding the toxic sulfone formation. With other structures similar to VX, we showed that it is possible to regioselectively oxidize the sulfur atom, and highlighted the interest of this process to facilitate the cleavage of a C-S bond. This approach is then an interesting decontamination strategy that will be evaluated in the future to the case of true chemical warfare agents
Biomorgi, Muzattiz José Gregorio. "Dégradation de polluants organiques en phase gaz et en phase aqueuse en présence de matériaux à base d'aluminosilicates par des procédés d'oxydation avancés." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/793/.
The air and water treatment remains a critical issue for the modern society and even if many treatments process exist, many problems remain unsolved. In this work we have developed a new treatments process for the degradation of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC's) contained in airstream, by combining the adsorption methods with the photocatalysis at 172 nm (V-UV radiation). In the case of water treatment, we have tested a new catalytic material made from aluminosilicate (ceramic Raschig rings), to be used in the catalytic ozonation. For the study in gas phase, we selected toluene and benzene as aromatic pollutants and 1-butanol as an aliphatic one. The adsorbent chosen were the zeolites (aluminosilciates) and the TiO2 was the photocatalyst used. The experiments were performed in a dynamic system, where the pollutants were continuously flowed and adsorbed on the solid and treated in situ by V-UV (172 nm) and UV (308 nm) radiation. The V-UV radiation has enough energy to break the bonds contained in the organic compounds and also to excite the solids (photocatalyst and adsorbent), which are involved in the degradation process. The concentration of pollutants in the airstream was followed by gas chromatography (GC) and infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Physicochemical studies were carried out on different solids, as; solid state NMR (RMN-ss), dispersive spectroscopy of X-ray (EDS), photoelectronic spectroscopy of X-ray (XPS), surface analysis (BET) and mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and was possible to conclude that the zeolites have an important role in degradation process of the pollutants. We also studied the performance of the adsorbents in the combined adsorption-photoregeneration process for VOC's treatment, and the efficiency is directly related with the structure of the pollutant. Respecting to the water treatment, we have chosen an aluminosilicate material as a ceramic to degrade recalcitrant pollutants (eg. Atrazine) by catalytic ozonation. The choice of this material has been guided by their ability to produce hydroxyl radicals from ozone decomposition. The efficiency of this material was studied by HPLC and UV analysis and catalytic activity was compared with stainless steel, which does not decomposes the ozone in a significant way. As a model molecule we have used the PCBA, which is quit stable in front of ozone and get decomposed very fast in the presence of *OH
Wang, Yun. "Catalyseurs d'oxydation en conditions de chimie verte : métaux non toxiques, eau oxygénée, transformation de la biomasse, recyclage par greffage." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30241.
In order to develop a chemistry more respectful of the environment, access to sustainable processes is mandatory. More specifically, in the field of oxidation chemistry, use of toxic oxidants has to be banished, use of solvents limited and reusable catalysts developed. In this context, two types of greener approaches have been explored. The first approach concerns removal or replacement of acetic acid, an additive - in association with H2O2, favoring exclusive formation of epoxides with Mn and Fe metal complexes as catalysts. For this objective, two strategies have been explored. The first one consists in introducing fluoroalcohol functions in the second coordination sphere of metal complexes with pyridinophane-based ligand to easily activate H2O2. Those complexes did not enhance the catalytic activity for cyclooctene oxidation reactions in comparison to analogous Mn(II) and Fe(III) complexes with unmodified ligands. However, Ni(II) and Co(II) metal complexes with unmodified ligands display interesting catalytic activity for H2 photoproduction. The second strategy aimed to replace acetic acid. Using silica beads functionalized with COOH pendant arms (SiO2@COOH) as additive and H2O2 as oxidant, catalytic epoxidation reactions catalyzed by Mn(II) and Fe(III) metal complexes with BPMEN ligand displayed significant selectivity towards epoxide. The second approach concerns organic-solvent free (ep)oxidation processes with catalysts based on polyoxometalates (POMs). Catalysts SiO2@PMo and SiO2@PW, respectively obtained by ionic grafting of H3PMo12O40 or H3PW12O40 on silica beads functionalized with NH2 pending functions (SiO2@NH2), have been fully characterized. With low catalyst loading, both catalysts displayed efficient oxidation activity and better selectivity than the free POMs. Moreover, recovered beads gave similar conversion and selectivity after two recycling processes
Zhou, Lei. "Élimination induite par le radical sulfate de micro polluants organiques en phase aqueuse-Influence des constituants naturels de l'eau." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE1171/document.
Sulfate radical (SO4•-) based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) has been proved to be effective for the removal of many contaminants. In this thesis, we investigated the oxidation processes of iodinated X-ray contrast media diatrizoate (DTZ), ß2-adrenoceptor agonists salbutamol (SAL) and terbutaline (TBL) by reaction with SO4•- generated from the activation of persulfate (PS); in addition, the reactivity of SO4•- with natural organic matter (NOM) was also estimated.Specifically, to determine the reactivity of SO4•- with NOM, laser flash photolysis (LFP) technique was applied to monitor the SO4•- decay and the formation of the transients from organic matters. Reaction rate constants comprised between 1530 and 3500 s-1 mgC-1 L were obtained by numerical analysis of differential equations and the weighted average of the extinction coefficient of the generated organic matters radicals between 400 and 800 M-1 cm-1.In the decomposition process of DTZ by UV-activated PS, major oxidation pathways include deiodination-hydroxylation, decarboxylation- hydroxylation and side chain cleavage. Results also indicated that DTZ degradation rate increased with increasing PS concentration. The presence of NOM inhibited DTZ removal rate, while, bicarbonate enhanced it, and chloride ions induced a negative effect above 500 mM. For the degradation of SAL and TBL, phenoxyl radicals were proven to play a very important role from the initial step. Chloride exhibited no effect on the oxidation efficiencies of SAL and TBL, while bromide, bicarbonate and NOM all showed inhibitory effects
Frassoldati, Antonio. "Oxydation par l'oxygène moléculaire d'alcools en phase liquide en synthons carbonyles." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00833386.
Vincent, Jean-Marc. "Réactivité chimique de complexes binucléaires de fer (III) à pont oxo : catalyse d'oxydation d'alcanes et agrégation d'espèces ferriques." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble ; 1971-2015), 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995GRE10188.
Murati, Minir. "Etude d'élimination de trois herbicides : Atrazine, Sulcotrione et Mésotrione, en milieu aqueux par les procédés électrochimiques d'oxydation avancée." Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740108.
Duboc-Toia, Carole. "Réactivité chimique des complexes dinucléaires de fer (III) à pont oxo : applications en catalyse d'oxydation énantiosélective et en hydrolyse de phosphoesters." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE10092.
Frassoldati, Antonio. "Oxydation par l’oxygène moléculaire d’alcools en phase liquide en synthons carbonyles." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LYO10228/document.
The selective alcohols oxidation to aldehydes, acids and ketones is an important transformation in chemistry. The use of molecular oxygen as oxidant is in adequation with a green chemistry perspective, since water is the only by-product. The oxidation of primary alcohols (1-octanol and geraniol) and secondary alcohols (2-octanol, 1-phenylethanol and pyridine substituted alcohols) has been studied in the presence of platinum supported carbon catalysts under air pressure in organic or mixed organic/aqueous media. The results have shown a strong influence of the solvent on the catalytic activity, with an important promoting effect of water on the reaction. This effect has been discussed based on several hypotheses. The promotion of platinum supported catalysts by bismuth has shown some modifications of the activity, with a positive effect in particular in the oxidation of secondary heteroaromatic alcohols. The deactivation observed during the oxidation reaction of some substrates has been analyzed and some solutions have been proposed to overcome the problem
Olvera, Vargas Hugo. "Study on the fate of pharmaceuticals in aqueous media : synthesis, characterization and detection of biotic and abiotic transformation products using electrochemical advanced oxidation processes and bioconversions." Thesis, Paris Est, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PEST1179/document.
The present project contributes with valuable data for a better fundamental understanding on the fate of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, dealing with the main challenges concerning this increasingly worrying environmental issue. The used Electrochemical Advanced Oxidation Processes (EAOPs), electro-Fenton (EF) and anodic oxidation (AO), showed to be a very efficient alternative for the mineralization of acid solutions of the pharmaceuticals RNTD and FRSM, attaining almost complete mineralization of the drugs after 6h of electrolysis. A comparative study on the mineralization of RNTD solutions by EF and SPEF processes in a 2.5 L capacity pre-pilot flow plant demonstrates the higher oxidation capacity of SPEF, achieving very good mineralization rates, thus evidencing the potentiality of this technology at greater scale for the treatment of wastewaters containing pharmaceutical products. The application of an EF pre-treatment coupled with a biological process for the degradation of both drugs was conducted. EF pre-pretreatment was capable of enhancing the solution biodegradability envisaging a biological treatment, which efficiently removed the short-chain carboxylic acids that had been formerly generated during the pre-applied electrolysis. In this way, the combination of both processes was confirmed as a very promising technology for the treatment of pharmaceuticals-containing wastewater. Several transformation products (TPs) were detected and identified during the electrochemical oxidation of the studied drugs. Toxicity tests based on the bioluminescence of the marine bacteria V. fischeri. evidenced the toxicity some of these oxidation by-products, since the toxicity of the solution increased on the first stages of the electrolysis. However, the abatement of the toxicity in the final stages of the electrochemical treatments, demonstrated the effectiveness of these technologies for both the mineralization and detoxification of the RNTD and FRSM solutions. The use of the fungi Cunninghanella echinulate for the bioconversion of FRSM led to the formation of three main bio-transofrmation products: the previously identified saluamide and pyridinium, and the new detected keto-alcohol derivate. These TPs were generated by both, biological and electrochemical approches, evidencing their high probability to be found in environmental compartments as the most likely TPs of FRSM by different oxidation conditions. This study is thus presented as a very useful alternative for the assessment of the fate of pharmaceutical residues in the environment
Adityosulindro, Sandyanto. "Activation of homogeneous and heterogeneous Fenton processes by ultrasound and ultraviolet/visible irradiations for the removal of ibuprofen in water." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/17913/7/aditosulindro-sandyanto.pdf.
Minière, Marine. "Etude du couplage d'un procédé d'oxydation en voie humide et d'un bioprocédé à biofilm aérobie en lit fixe pour le traitement de composés organiques réfractaires aux traitements conventionnels." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AIXM4375/document.
Coupling Wet Air Oxidation (WAO) with an aerobic Packed-Bed Biofilm Reactor (PBBR) has been studied, firstly to assess its feasibility to treat a given effluent, and secondly to develop a coupled-process modeling and simulation in order to evaluate its energetic performance and investment cost. Two model compounds were selected: phenol, representing margins, and Acid Orange 7 dye, representing some textile effluents. First of all, WAO of model compound was studied to select operating conditions leading to an effluent which was adapted to biological treatment. Then, PBBRs were implemented: effect of acclimation to the model compound and effect of reactor configuration (upflow or downflow) were studied. Finally, the PBBRs were fed with the pre-oxidized effluent, allowing to conclude on the feasibility of the coupled process. Furthermore, simulation of WAO of model compound was carried out on ProsimPlus® software thanks to thermodynamics, hydrodynamics and kinetics data from literature and/or experiments. As well, a PBBR model was developed using literature physics and kinetics data, it was then experimentally validated and implemented on ProsimPlus®. Thus, simulations of the treatment by WAO – PBBR coupled process of the selected effluents were undertaken. In both cases, feasibility of the coupled process was experimentally established: biological reactor improved treatment of model compound and/or TOC, with yields up to 99% and 96% respectively. Besides, simulations allowed to assess a positive energy balance – indicating a potentially autothermic process – and a significant gain on WAO investment cost, so that the interest of coupling WAO and PBBR was demonstrated
Vibhatavata, Phuangphet. "Fabrication de carburant synthétique par valorisation du CO2 et de la chaleur nucléaire." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10208/document.
This work is in the context of large-scale efforts to enhance greenhouse gas emissionsmitigation. A potential way to recycle CO2 as a carbon feedstock to produce a synthetic fuelby the conversion of CO2 and hydrogen, produced from water electrolysis using nuclear orrenewable energy. This process may be sustainable in some specific context like in Frenchcontext; French electricity is mainly generated by nuclear and renewable energies that havelow carbon footprints. In this work, a synthetic fuel is produced by CO2 hydrogenation intosynthesis gas via the Reverse Water-Gas Shift (RWGS) reaction, then synthesis gas isconverted into a synthetic fuel. This research project consists of two main parts:The first part focuses on the development of a selective and stable catalyst for the RWGSreaction at moderate temperature (723-773 K). We have applied the micro-kinetic approach ofthe RWGS reaction and its side reactions in order to determine a multi-metallic catalyst,which has shown to perform better selectivity and stability than a conventional, commercialcatalyst under the optimal operating conditions of the RWGS reaction. In the second part, weconducted the simulations of a large-scale dimethyl ether (DME) production process by theconversion of CO2 from industrial flue gases in the French context. The simulation of the CO2to DME process showed the process energy efficiency of 52% and the emissions reductionpotential of 88% of total CO2 emissions
Ferhat-Hamida, Zohra. "Caractérisation des catalyseurs cuivre-zinc par thermodésorption d'hydrogène et thermoréaction." Poitiers, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987POIT2011.
Anguita, Paola. "Impact des biocarburants sur le système d’oxydation catalytique des véhicules diesel." Thesis, Lyon, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LYSE1181.
The more restrictive regulations to reduce pollutants emissions, especially CO2, promote the use of biofuels. However, biodiesel contains inorganic elements (Na, K, Ca and P) that reduce the durability of the after-treatment catalysts. This work aims to evaluate the performance of Diesel Oxidation Catalysts (DOCs, PtPd/CeZrO2/La-Al2O3 reference catalyst). The characterization results have shown that the above-mentioned impurities affect the physico-chemical, redox, surface and catalytic properties. Although the catalyst crystalline structure of reference catalyst did not change after impurities incorporation, the specific surface area decreased. The redox ability was also decreased when Na, K and Ca impurities are present due to their low electronegativity, which increased the oxygen interaction. This high interaction seems to be responsible of the enhanced C3H6 reaction rate. NO-TPD results evidenced that the high basicity of Na, K and Ca impurities resulted in an increase of NO adsorption strength. Accordingly, DRIFT results showed the presence of NO intermediates adsorption associated to the electrostatic field created by these cations, hindering NO oxidation. CO adsorption was also promoted, enhancing CO reaction rate. The formation of cerium phosphate was also observed, which could stabilize the Ce3+ oxidation state (checked by XPS), decreasing NO oxidation due to the blockage of catalytic sites. Nevertheless, CO and C3H6 co-oxidations were enhanced by avoiding self-poisoning. After catalyst hydrothermal aging, the effect of impurities was masked by the sintering of Pt/Pd active sites, which decreases the DOC catalytic performances
Ben, Aicha Fehd. "Modélisation et commande de systèmes de conversion d'énergie pour l'automobile." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00878714.
Machet, Alexandre. "Étude des premiers stades d'oxydation d'alliages inoxydables dans l'eau à haute température." Phd thesis, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001039.