Готові списки джерел за темами / Certification FSC

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Автор: Grafiati
Опубліковано: 8 червня 2022

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  3. Книги
  4. Частини книг
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Статті в журналах з теми "Certification FSC":

1

Perera, Priyan, Rajitha Lakshan Rupasinghe, Devin Weerasekera, Richard Vlosky, and Rangika Bandara. "Revisiting Forest Certification in Sri Lanka: The Forest Management and Export Wood-Based Manufacturing Sector Perspectives." Forests 13, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f13020179.

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There are discussions and debates surrounding forest certification in developing countries. In this study, we surveyed 50 forest-based companies in Sri Lanka (43 wood-based manufacturers and 7 plantation companies) to ascertain their participation in forest certification, current and future forest certification trends, as well as their satisfaction with the performance of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification in its economic, environmental, and social aspects, using an importance–performance analysis (IPA). Study results indicate that certified companies typically focus on exports and supplying raw materials for value-added exporters. The customer demand/signaling mechanism appears to be the primary driver of FSC certification in Sri Lanka. Forest certification was found to be helpful for companies to access new markets, keep market share, and sell products in existing markets. Results further indicate that price premiums for FSC-certified products exist, though they may not always be significant. However, certification positively influences sales volume and reduces business risks via securing continuous orders from the buyers. The IPA results further indicate that FSC certification has substantially improved company images by positioning certified companies as socially responsible businesses, while helping to create better business stakeholder relationships. FSC certification was found to have weak links in improving on-the-ground environmental performances of certified companies. Study findings have implications for the FSC certification scheme and independent certifiers, enabling them to identify the areas of FSC certification with significant performance gaps.
2

Miller, Katie J., and Terry Campbell. "Forest Certification and FSC." Journal of Green Building 1, no. 1 (February 1, 2006): 39–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.1.1.39.

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3

Sansalvador, M. E., and J. M. Brotons. "How environmental certification can affect the value of organizations? The case of Forest Stewardship Council certification." International Forestry Review 22, no. 4 (December 1, 2020): 531–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1505/146554820831255506.

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Forest certification appeared in the 1990's as a way to deal with forest deterioration. Currently, however, public opposition can limit its effectiveness. Business policy makers should analyze how Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification can affect the value of companies. Yet, the relation between financial performance and forest certification systems is a subject which has not been explored to a great extent, and the measures used for evaluating financial performance in published studies are not based on business valuation. In this study, Spanish companies with FSC certification are valuated under the premises of implementation and non-implementation of FSC certification. Given the uncertainty inherent in the second option, the use of fuzzy mathematics has been considered a suitable tool. According to the results obtained, it can be concluded that regardless of size or business sector, FSC certification is effective in increasing the value of companies. The pap er offers economic arguments for managers to become more environmentally responsible.
4

Rotherham, Tony. "Forest management certification around the world –Progress and problems." Forestry Chronicle 87, no. 05 (October 2011): 603–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc2011-067.

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Certification to approved forest management standards is a recognized business practice. There are two international forest certification programs: the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC) and the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). The common objective of both is to improve forest management and provide assurance to the public and customers that forest products come from sustainably managed forests and not from illegal operations. As of June 2011 there were approximately 372 million ha of certified forests around the world. There are 234 million ha of forests in 26 countries that have been certified to standards approved by PEFC. There are143 million ha of forest certified to FSC standards in 81 countries. In 20 of these countries, with101 million ha (70%), the forests have been certified to standards approved by FSC. In the remaining 61 countries, 42 million ha (30%), the forests have been certified to draft or “interim standards” that have not gone through the FSC approval process. Consumers have no way of knowing whether the wood or paper products with an FSC label are from forests certified to FSC-approved standards or to “interim standards” developed by FSC certification bodies.
5

MAEZAWA, Eishi. "Forest certification-particularly about FSC." Japanese Journal of Forest Planning 34, no. 2 (2000): 105–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.20659/jjfp.34.2_105.

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6

Kameyama, Shohei, and Katsuaki Sugiura. "Does Differentiation by Certified Raw Wood Change the Average Price at the Tama Roundwood Market Center in Tokyo, Japan?" Forests 12, no. 3 (February 25, 2021): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f12030264.

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It is important to understand price premiums related to certified raw wood to predict the future of forest certifications from the perspective of forestry enterprises. We focused on identifying the trading roundwood market data in the economic center of power in Tokyo. This study aimed to clarify Tama-certified raw wood prices under the local area certification scheme, forest-certified raw wood prices, and the handling volumes at the Tama Roundwood Market Center in Tokyo. Sales details of the Tama Roundwood Market Center were used to identify the handling volumes, Tama-certified raw wood prices, and FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) or SGEC (Japan-specific Sustainable Green Ecosystem Council)-certified raw wood prices. The FSC and SGEC have operated from the center since 2016. Data were collected from the 2006–2018 fiscal years. Our results showed that the volume of raw wood handled increased due to the regeneration-cutting project conducted by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. On the other hand, there was no price premium for Tama-certified raw wood under the local certification scheme or for FSC- or SGEC-certified raw wood. Price premiums for forest certifications are necessary for ongoing sustainable forest management. There is a need to increase consumer awareness of forest certifications and to differentiate quality certifications further, and these would likely create price premiums.
7

Gutierrez Garzon, Alba Rocio, Pete Bettinger, Jacek Siry, Jesse Abrams, Chris Cieszewski, Kevin Boston, Bin Mei, Hayati Zengin, and Ahmet Yeşil. "A Comparative Analysis of Five Forest Certification Programs." Forests 11, no. 8 (August 8, 2020): 863. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11080863.

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International expansion of forest certification programs has occurred over the last three decades. Both public and private organizations have shown increased interest in becoming certified by one or more forest certification bodies, to assure the public that forest resources are managed adequately in sustaining forest health and socio-economic viability. The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) program is globally used as a benchmark to implement forest certification at the national and regional levels. The Sustainable Forest Initiative (SFI) and the American Tree Farm System (ATFS) are also used throughout the United States. In Europe, individual countries such as Bulgaria and Turkey have also developed national forest certification programs. The SFI, ATFS and Bulgarian programs are further endorsed by the Programme for the Endorsement of Forest Certification (PEFC). The results of a qualitative analysis comparing the FSC forest certification program with the SFI, the ATFS, and the two European national programs (Bulgarian and Turkish) suggest that differences in these programs are not necessarily related to their language, but to the level of detail and prescriptiveness of each program. We find that the FSC is much more detailed and prescriptive in nearly all aspects considered for forest certification. In particular, we find that most of the elements considered in the FSC Principle 6 (Environmental Impact) are either only superficial, or not addressed at all, in the other four programs. Furthermore, the other programs appear to be less comprehensive and detailed in the substance of the FSC monitoring and assessment principles. In a few areas, the Turkish program requires more quantitative indicators for assessing forest management than the other programs. Though a comparison of the legal framework related to forest management in each of the studied countries was briefly introduced, our study focuses on the certification schemes themselves; it may contribute to policy discussions in the future development and implementation of other certification programs.
8

Pezdevšek Malovrh, Špela, Dženan Bećirović, Bruno Marić, Jelena Nedeljković, Stjepan Posavec, Nenad Petrović, and Mersudin Avdibegović. "Contribution of Forest Stewardship Council Certification to Sustainable Forest Management of State Forests in Selected Southeast European Countries." Forests 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 648. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f10080648.

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In recent decades, the concept of forest certification under the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) has been widely adopted in selected Southeast European countries (Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Serbia, and Slovenia). As sustainability is traditionally recognised as a leading principle in the forest management doctrine in these countries, the aim of this study was to understand whether, and how, FSC forest certification contributes to the sustainable management of state forests. The research was carried out in two phases. First, in order to assess forest management compliance with FSC standard, non-conformities for the period 2014–2018, identified in audit Public Summary Reports, were analysed in all public companies that managed state-owned forests in selected countries. Further, in-depth, semi-structured interviews with the professionals responsible for forest certification in these companies were conducted (n = 11) to determine the contribution of forest certification to the economic, ecological, and social aspects of sustainable forest management. In total, 185 non-conformities were analysed. The results showed that FSC certification was successful in addressing certain problems in forest management practices and contributed to sustainable forest management, mainly covering social and ecological issues. The most frequently identified non-conformities were those related to FSC Principle 4 Community relations and worker’s rights (32.3% of all non-conformities) and Principle 6 Environmental impact (30.4% of all non-conformities). The contribution of FSC certification to sustainable forest management is mainly reflected in the following aspects: Worker’s rights; health and safety of employees; availability of appropriate personal protective equipment; consultation with local people and interest groups; awareness of environmental impacts of forestry operations; waste disposal and storage of fuel; improving the image of forest companies and maintenance of high-conservation-value forests. The majority of non-conformities were minor and required procedural changes to be closed. Moreover, there are no statistically significant differences between the countries with regard to the number of non-conformities for all principles. It can be concluded that FSC certification, as a market-driven mechanism, plays an important role by influencing forest management practices and business operations of public forest companies in a positive manner.
9

Баурина and Svetlana Baurina. "Quality Management at the Russian Timber Enterprises in Compliance with FSC Standards." Economics of the Firm 2, no. 3 (February 4, 2014): 4–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/2487.

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Peculiarities of quality management at the timber industry enterprises of this country based on FSC standards are considered. Practical experience of implementing FSC voluntary forest certification in Russia is analyzed. Geography of Russia’s certified forests is presented. Current system of state forest certification in Russia is briefly characterized and the prospects of its development are outlined.
10

Nukpezah, Daniel, Dieudonne Alemagi, Lalisa Duguma, Peter Minang, Charlie Mbosso, and Zac Tchoundjeu. "An Examination of Forest Certification Status among Logging Companies in Cameroon." International Scholarly Research Notices 2014 (December 31, 2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/323014.

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This paper assesses the level of interest, awareness, and adoption of ISO 14001 and Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification schemes among logging companies in Cameroon. Eleven logging companies located in Douala in the Littoral Region of Cameroon were assessed through a structured interview using an administered questionnaire which was mostly analyzed qualitatively thereafter. The findings indicated that none of the companies was certified for ISO 14001; however 63.64% of them were already FSC-certified. Four companies (36.36%) were neither FSC- nor ISO 14001 EMS-certified. Among the factors found to influence the adoption rate was the level of awareness about ISO 14001 and FSC certification schemes. The main drivers for pursuing FSC certification were easy penetration into international markets, tax holiday benefits, and enhancement of corporate image of the logging companies through corporate social responsibility fulfillments. Poor domestic market for certified products was found to be the major impediment to get certified. To make logging activities more environmentally friendly and socially acceptable, logging companies should be encouraged to get certified through the ISO 14001 EMS scheme which is almost nonexistent so far. This requires awareness creation about the scheme, encouraging domestic markets for certified products and creating policy incentives.
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Статті в журналах Дисертації

Дисертації з теми "Certification FSC":

1

Makrickas, Evaldas. "FSC forest management certification analysis in Lithuaniua and Russia." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110601_115619-77809.

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First time name of certification were mentioned 1990s concerning a problems with bad forest practices, hard improvement of governmental regulations especial in tropics. Later this concern were growing to 1992 Rio de Janeiro conference. And so, need of strict forest system in 1993 established Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Main activities started later 1996 in Canada with small group of people which started developing countries regional standards (Claros, 2009). Now FSC program is one of the biggest forest certification and accreditation providing company providing wood and their products and certification service. This program supports LEED Lumber, IKEA, biggest companies buying wood in the world, non governamental organisations World wild Fund (WWF), Green peace (www.fsc.org). The curiosity of how FSC forest certification impact forest management in Lithuania and Russia and lack of FSC standard studies with national law encouraged to create such study. We want to analyze FSC certification annual public reports raised CAR’s (Corrective action request) from Forest Management Units (FMU) - enterprises, leaseholders in Lithuania and Russia. The first aim was to find, what main CAR’s in Lithuania, Russia and distribute CAR’s to environmental, economical, social type aspects. In later stages analyze Lithuanian and Russian FSC standards Smart Wood, SGS Qualifor and Russian national. In the last step to compare FSC standards with state law for each country. Analysis of... [to full text]
Pagal FSC standartus miškai pradėti sertifikuoti nuo 1993 metų. Patogi sertifikavimo sistema leido minėtam standartui išplisti visame pasaulyje. Bolivijoje, Brazilijoje, Indonezijoje FSC sertifikavimas vis dar plečiamas (Claros, 2009). Sertifikacijos dėka gerinama miškų valdymo kokybė, biologinės įvairovės apsauga, sprendžiamos darbuotojų saugos problemos. Šio standarto visapusišku naudingumu neabejoja daugelis FSC rėmėjų: LEED Lumber, IKEA, bei didžiausios miško produktus superkančios ar nevyriausybinės organizacijos, Pasaulio gamtos fondas (World wild Fund WWF), Green peace (www.fsc.org). Mokslinių darbų, nagrinėjančių miškų sertifikaciją objektyviai, yra nedaug ir miškų sertifikavimo tema nėra plačiai nagrinėjama palyginus su socialiniais, miško gyvosios ir negyvosios gamtos sąveikos tyrimais. Miškų sertifikavimo standartų palyginamųjų darbų taip pat yra negausu. Šio darbo sukūrimo pagrindas – galimybė išanalizuoti skirtumus tarp FSC sertifikuotų kaimyninių šalių (Lietuvos ir Rusijos) miškų tvarkymo vienetų ir naudojimo standartų (MTV – Lietuvoje valstybinių miškų įmonių urėdijų ir Rusijoje miškų ūkių ir miškų nuomotojų). Taip pat norima sužinoti, ar Lietuvoje ir Rusijoje susiduriama su skirtingais sertifikavimo pažeidimais. Šių pažeidimų koregavimo veiksmų reikalavimų (KVR) aspektų pagalba palyginti Lietuvos ir Rusijos FSC miškų valdymo sertifikacijos standartus bei su standartais susijusi šalių miškų teisė. Kita šio darbo dalis, skirta ištirti kokią įtaką ekonominės... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
2

Yeung, Wai-man Violet, and 楊慧敏. "The popularity of FSC timber products in the consumer market in Hong Kong." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/207622.

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This study was conducted to examine the availability of certified timber products in the consumer market in Hong Kong and the popularity of FSC timber products in the Hong Kong consumer market. Consumers’ level of environmental friendliness; their view of the use of timber to the environment; the factors affecting their choice of timber for household renovation; their awareness on the term “FSC” and the kind of FSC products they are aware of; consumers’ willingness-to-pay (WTP) and WTP premium level for FSC products in Hong Kong, are studied. Moreover, the effectiveness of various kinds of marketing and promotion techniques FSC could adopt in Hong Kong, are reviewed. Site investigations to the “renovation streets” in Wanchai and Mongkok were carried out and it is found that a high percentage of wooden floorings shops (79% in Wanchai and 77% in Mongkok) carry products with the timber certification logos (FSC and/or PEFC). Despite this significant percentage of shops carrying products with the timber certification logos, it is also found that there is generally a lack of awareness amongst the shopkeepers on the FSC labels/logos that are shown on their products. For the online questionnaire survey, a total of 146 questionnaires werecollected and the study revealed that 25% of the respondents areaware of the term “FSC”. While 80% of the participants thought that the use of timber products for flooring and furniture for household renovation have an adverse impact to the natural environment, the impact to the environment is not the main factor that will affect people's purchase decision. The majority of respondents (68%) indicated that they “Only generally aware of the term ‘FSC timber products’ or equivalent terms” and FSC paper is the major kind of FSC products they have heard of. For the WTP for a premium for FSC timber products, 47% of the respondents agree with a premium; the majority of respondents (72%) opted for a 0-10% WTP premium with a mean premium WTP level of 9.06%. Based on the literature review and study, it could be concluded that the awareness of the FSC certifications, together with the availability of FSC certified timber products in the consumer market, are the keys to create market demand for FSC products. And it could be done via efforts from environmental NGOs by persuading businesses to choose certified timber products and educating consumers to raise their awareness of FSC products. Together with efforts from FSC to be more proactive via online media as well as creating new labels for retailers, it is hoped that the popularity of FSC products in Hong Kong could be enhanced.
published_or_final_version
Environmental Management
Master
Master of Science in Environmental Management
3

Ražauskaitė, Rita. "Lietuvos valstybinių miškų urėdijų sertifikavimo pagal FSC programą poveikio analizė." Master's thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2012. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2012~D_20120620_151755-00560.

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Šio darbo tikslas yra išanalizuoti pagrindines FSC standarto poveikio sritis. Tikslui pasiekti buvo apklausos Lietuvos valstybinės miškų urėdijos, kaip pagrindinis sertifikavimo objektas. Didesniam analizės patikimumui pasiekti buvo atlikta ir pilotinė girininkijų apklausa. Šių apklausų rezultatai buvo lyginami ir analizuojami. Norint giliau ištirti sertifikavimo poveikį išorinėms suinteresuotosioms grupėms buvo apklausti keturių numatytų grupių atstovai. Apklausų rezultatai susisteminti ir apibendrinti. Tyrimo metu nustatyta, jog sertifikavimas nepadarė žymaus poveikio miškų valdymui. Urėdijų ir girininkijų darbuotojai atsakymai buvo panašūs. Daugiausiai žymesnių teigiamų pokyčių buvo nustatyta socialinėje srityje. Aukščiausiai teigiamai įvertinti klausimai buvo susiję su lengvai pastebimais, išmatuojamais ir palyginamais pokyčiais. Sudėtingesni ir sunkiau pastebimi pokyčiai buvo įvertinti beveik neutraliai. Pvz.: “Valstybinių miškų rūšinė sudėtis”. Tai gali būti siejama su miško ekosistemų specifika. Ekonominių pokyčių vertinimo analizė atskleidė, jog po sertifikavimo urėdijos prekių kaina ir paklausa pakito labai nežymiai. Ekonominės paskatos yra pagrindinis sertifikavimą skatinantis veiksnys, tad galima teigti, jog Lietuvoje miško savininkai yra silpnai skatinami sertifikuoti savo valdas. Sertifikavimo poveikio skirtingoms suinteresuotosioms grupėms analizė parodė, jog reikšmingai skiriasi valstybinių ir privačių grupių atstovų nuomonės. Privačių organizacijų... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]
The aim of this paper is to analyze the main impacts of the FSC. In order to achieve this goal, the survey was the Lithuanian state forest enterprises as the main subject of the certification. For added reliability analysis was performed to achieve the rangers and the pilot survey. The survey results were compared and analyzed. To further investigate the impact of certification on external stakeholders were interviewed by the four groups. Structured interviews and summarized results. The study found that the certification had no significant effect on forest management. Enterprises and district staff responses were similar. The most significant positive changes were found in the social sphere. Extra points were assessed positively associated with easily discernible, measurable and comparable developments. The more complex and more difficult to assess changes were evaluated as almost neutral. For example. "State forest composition”. This can be attributed to the specifics of forest ecosystems. Economic impact analysis revealed that after certification of enterprises, and the price of goods and demand has changed very slightly. Economic incentives are a key factor leading to certification, so it can be stated that Lithuanian owners are not encouraged to certify their holdings. The certification effect analysis of different stakeholders showed the significant differences between public and private groups opinion. The Private organizations were less active and the means of... [to full text]
4

Córdova, Thais Gabriele Zamboni. "Impactos da certificação FSC SLIMF nos meios de vida de grupos de pequenos produtores." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-26072018-134213/.

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Анотація:
As certificações socioambientais, a fim de tornarem-se mais acessíveis a pequenos produtores proporcionam métodos alternativos para obtenção dos selos. O FSC, além da possibilidade de certificação em grupo oferece, desde 2004, o padrão de certificação Small and Slow Intensity Managed Forests (SLIMF). No Brasil, para atender a alta demanda do mercado e manterem-se competitivas, empresas florestais, além de estabelecer contratos de fomento, vêm incentivando e auxiliando pequenos produtores a certificarem-se. Para os pequenos produtores, a certificação pode contribuir com a diversificação dos meios de vida. O presente estudo teve como objetivos: i) caracterizar quais são os fatores que geram mudanças nos meios de vida de grupos de pequenos produtores florestais fomentados certificados; e ii) verificar a influência do tempo de certificação na mudança dos capitais dos meios de vida destes grupos. Para isso foram estudados quatro grupos de produtores florestais fomentados e certificados com FSC SLIMF, e um grupo fomentado, porém não certificado. Estes grupos localizam-se nas regiões brasileiras do extremo sul do estado da Bahia e norte do Espírito Santo, e vale do rio Tibagi, no estado do Paraná. Os grupos foram caracterizados por meio de entrevistas e levantamento bibliográfico. Os impactos da certificação nos meios de vida dos grupos de pequenos produtores florestais foram mensurados por meio questionário baseado em adaptação da abordagem dos Meios de Vida Sustentáveis. Foram propostos cenários da influência da certificação nos meios de vida de cada grupo certificado e interpretadas as interações entre os capitais dos meios de vida. O bom desempenho da certificação foi influenciado pela demanda do mercado por produtos certificados, pela situação prévia do capital social dos grupos de produtores e suas condições socioeconômicas. A certificação FSC SLIMF promoveu mudanças positivas em todos os capitais dos meios de vida, porém em intensidade diferente em cada grupo. Foi unânime a percepção de maior mudança no capital natural. O capital financeiro, principal motivador para participação na certificação, não apresentou o Preço Premium esperado pelos produtores. O tempo de certificação influenciou positivamente os resultados em todos os meios de vida, entretanto o engajamento e a participação dos membros na gestão dos grupos é determinante para o sucesso da certificação. Aspectos como escolaridade e renda influenciaram no interesse em se certificar e na percepção de melhorias.
Socio-environmental certifications, in order to become more accessible to small producers, provide alternative methods of obtaining the acreditation. The FSC, in addition to the possibility of group certification, has offered the Small and Slow Intensity Managed Forests (SLIMF) certification standard since 2004. Brazilians forestry companies, in order to meet the market\'s high demand and to remain competitive, not only have established outgrower schemes, but also have encouraged and assisted small producers to certificate. Certification can contribute to the diversification of smallholders\' livelihoods. The present study had as objectives: i) to characterize the factors that generate changes in groups of certified forest smallholders\' livelihoods; and ii) to verify the influence of time of certification on the change of livelihood assets of these groups. Four groups of FSC SLIMF certified smallholders outgrowers, and a not certified smallholder outgrower group were selected to this study. These groups are located in the Brazilian regions of the extreme south of Bahia and north of Espirito Santo, and the Tibagi river valley in Paraná. The groups were characterized by interviews and bibliographic surveys. The certifications\' impacts on the smallholders\' livelihoods were measured using a questionnaire based on an adaptation of the Sustainable Livelihoods approach. Scenarios on the certification\'s influence on each group\'s livelihoods were developed and the interactions between livelihood capitals were interpreted. The certification\'s positive performance was influenced by the market demand for certified products, the smallholders groups previous situation on the social capital and their socioeconomic conditions. The FSC SLIMF certification promoted positive changes in all livelihoods\' capitals, but at different intensities in each group. The perception of higher change in the natural capital was unanimous. The financial capital, considered to be the main participation motivator in the certification, did not present the Premium Price expected by the producers. Certification time positively influenced outcomes across all livelihoods, however engagement and participation of group members in management is key to successful certification. Aspects such as schooling and income influenced the interest in pursuing certification and perceiving improvements.
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Morrone, Ericka Pardini. "Contribuições da auditoria ambiental para a comunicação do desempenho de empresas com certificação FSC : análise das não conformidades evidenciadas no resumo público de auditoria." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/100/100136/tde-20042016-184147/.

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O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar como as empresas comunicam ao público externo, por meio do resumo público de auditoria, suas dificuldades (representadas pelas não conformidades) para atender aos requisitos socioambientais da certificação FSC. Foi considerada a influência da configuração da auditoria na comunicação às partes externas. Foram coletados dados secundários de 95 resumos públicos das auditorias executadas entre 2010 e 2015, analisados pela técnica da análise de conteúdo com o intuito de identificar as principais áreas temáticas as quais as não conformidades evidenciadas se referiam, sendo mapeado um total de onze áreas temáticas. Com base em análise estatística descritiva (testes de Kruskal Wallis e Chi quadrado) buscou-se identificar as relações entre as características das auditorias definidas (Tamanho da equipe auditora, Diversidade na formação da equipe, Tempo de auditoria, Empresa certificadora e Evento de auditoria) e as áreas temáticas identificadas. Atendimento à legislação do trabalho; Plano de manejo; Qualidade do monitoramento do sistema; e Comunicação e relacionamento com o público foram as áreas temáticas com maior quantidade de não conformidades. Identificou-se que, com exceção de casos específicos, não há relações significativas entre as características das auditorias e a comunicação de não conformidades. No entanto, isso não quer dizer que a maneira como a auditoria ocorre não influencie a qualidade dos resultados obtidos, pois há outros fatores, como a qualidade e veracidade das não conformidades apontadas, a ser considerados. Os relatórios públicos de auditoria representam um avanço na comunicação dos resultados socioambientais obtidos, que convergem com a necessidade de transparência da certificação. Entretanto, há de se evoluir na busca da divulgação de resultados de maneira mais clara e organizada e na relação com comunidades do entorno dos empreendimentos florestais
The study aimed to analyze how companies communicate to the public through the public summary of audit their difficulties (represented by the non-conformities) to meet the environmental requirements of FSC certification. The influence of the configuration of the audit was considered on the results obtained in the process, results these communicated to external parties. We collected secondary data from 95 public summaries carried out between 2010 and 2015, analyzed by the content analysis technique in order to identify the main thematic areas which non-conformities referred, and mapped a total of eleven thematic areas. Based on descriptive statistical analysis (Kruskal Wallis test and Chi square) sought to identify the relationship between the characteristics of the audits defined (Size of the audit team, Diversity in the training of staff, Audit time, Certifying company and Audit event) and thematic areas identified. The Compliance with labor legislation; Management plan; Quality of system monitoring; Communication and relationship with the public were the thematic areas with the highest number of non-conformities. It was found that, except for specific cases, there is no significant relationship between the characteristics of the audits and the disclosure of non-conformities. However, this does not mean that the way the audit happen not influence the quality of the results, as there are other factors such as the quality and truthfulness of non-compliances identified to be considered. Public reports represent a breakthrough in communication of socioenvironmental results obtained, converging with the need for transparency in the certification. However, is necessary to evolve in pursuit of disseminating results in a more clear and organized way and at the relation with the communities that surrounding enterprise
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Ökshei, Jorunn, and Hannah Eriksson. "Certifieringens betydelse för naturvärden i skogen." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för skog och träteknik (SOT), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-85925.

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En viktig målsättning i den svenska skogspolitiken är att skogsbruket ska bedrivas på ett hållbart sätt och i Skogsvårdslagen är produktionsmålen och miljömålen jämställda. Skogsägare kan utöver detta åta sig att certifiera sin fastighet, antingen genom FSC eller PEFC. Certifiering är ett marknadsdrivet, frivilligt åtagande och handlar om att ta ett större ansvar för miljö och natur än vad Skogsvårdslagen kräver.  Syftet med denna studie är att jämföra förekomst av naturvärden på certifierade fastigheter och icke-certifierade fastigheter genom fältinventering av utvalda kriterier. Kriterierna valdes utifrån mätbara och synliga indikatorer på naturvärden och utifrån faktorer som speglar variationsrikedom, hänsyn, kontinuitet, flora-och faunaobjekt och återväxt. I denna studie har vi arbetat fram en funktionell inventeringsmall i syfte att kartlägga naturvärden på fastighetsnivå.  En slutsats från inventeringen var att naturens egna förutsättningar är en viktig faktor för förekomsten av naturvärden i högre grad än om fastigheten är certifierad eller inte.
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Bo-Jacob, Enquist. "Can stakeholder partnerships in a civil regulated environmental practice, create sustainability? : The phenomenon of Forest Stewardship Council meets practice in Sveaskog and IKEA." Thesis, Karlstad University, Faculty of Social and Life Sciences, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-820.

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Forest Stewardship council (FSC) is a good example of a civil regulated environmental labelling-initiative. It is also an arena for different organisations interesting in sustainable forestry to work and handle forestry issues. FSC has allowed many private initiatives to move ahead of poor national and international environmental legislation. Instead they have turned towards the market with consumer pressure and in co-operation with companies. The sustainable forestry initiative has become a part of organisations’ ‘Environmental Responsibility’ which is a part of their ‘Corporate Social Responsibility’ (CSR) work. The aim of my thesis is to describe the phenomenon of FSC, both practically and theoretically, from a stakeholder approach. I have picked out two companies which are heavily involved in the FSC practice, IKEA and Sveaskog. The two companies are important players in shaping and developing FSC. The different practices are handled as two separate case-studies. A third case-study explores FSC both on national and international basis. The following research question will be answered: From a stakeholder view, how does FSC works in practice? To describe these three forestry practices is a contribution in itself. I will also use an analysing tool inspired by stakeholder theory to make the studies’ stakeholder partnerships as clear as possible. With the knowledge exposed in answering the first question I will further ask: Can stakeholder partnerships in a civil regulated environmental practice, create sustainability? Kemp’s (2005) five dimensions for sustainability improve the understanding. Every dimension will be followed by an interpretation from my forestry practice in the previous chapter. Both IKEA and Sveaskog drives an ambitious work to create sustainable business, which will be analysed through an ethical-, social-, nature-philosophic-, economic- and legal perspective of the sustainability concept.

The thesis is analysed by an explorative methodological approach with qualitative data, since it best can encapsulate the essence of the complexity which constitutes the answers to the research questions. Each case study will be described in separate texts which make up multiple realities mentally constructed by ourselves.

The analysis shows, both for Sveaskog and IKEA, that stakeholder partnerships generate a number of things. The partnerships generate constructive interaction where new and experienced ideas are born; obligations, processes and responsibilities for their stakeholder engagement; and environmental and social benefits in terms of FSC and other civil regulations and what environmental and social benefits the work leads to. But my description and analysis of the practice and the stakeholder analysis do not answer the general question of the thesis: Can stakeholder partnerships create sustainability?

When going through the critical voices from the five dimensions of sustainability, the task of creating sustainability seems to be impossible. I have confronted the five dimensions with environmental and social responsibility practice in Sveaskog and IKEA, and found substantial efforts in each and every dimension of sustainability. This practical work seems hopeful, whether there is sustainability or not, a serious ambition and extensive goals sometimes makes a difference.

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Balistieri, Leandro. "Alto valor de conservação: uma avaliação em três escalas." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/11/11150/tde-22032018-144603/.

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O conceito de Alto Valor de Conservação (AVC) foi desenvolvido pela certificação florestal FSC (Forest Stewardship Council), e tem por objetivo designar áreas com características excepcionais devido a presença de importantes atributos, divididos nas seguintes categorias: florestas com concentração significativa de biodiversidade; grandes áreas florestais em nível de paisagem, que contenham populações viáveis da grande maioria das espécies de ocorrência natural; áreas florestais contidas ou que contém ecossistemas raros, ameaçados ou em perigo; áreas florestais em situações críticas que forneçam serviços básicos da natureza; áreas florestais fundamentais para atender necessidades básicas das comunidades locais; áreas florestais críticas para a identidade cultural tradicional de comunidades locais. Trata-se de um conceito inovador ao incluir aspectos sociais e culturais, razão pela qual tem sido amplamente utilizado fora do setor florestal, sendo incorporado por esquemas de certificação ligados a commodities e biocombustíveis, empresas de cadeia de logística (produção) e instituições financeiras. A identificação dos atributos pode ser feita seguindo-se uma abordagem genérica, na qual o manejo deve contribuir para manutenção ou incremento dos atributos identificados seguindo uma abordagem de precaução, incluindo as comunidades locais no processo de identificação das áreas de AVC. Para melhor uso deste conceito em situações específicas, alguns países adaptam os conceitos gerais em documentos chamados de Interpretação Nacional. O Brasil é um dos países que ainda não possuem uma interpretação Nacional e, portanto, a identificação de áreas de AVC é feita utilizando-se a abordagem genérica. Este trabalho se propõe a uma análise ampla do uso do conceito de AVC em três diferentes escalas: análise das publicações existentes sobre o tema, aplicação regional por meio das interpretações nacionais e uso do conceito no Brasil pelos empreendimentos de manejo florestal certificado pelo FSC. O capítulo 1 consiste em uma revisão estruturada das publicações existentes a nível mundial sobre o tema, que possibilitou a formação de uma base considerando as principais informações disponíveis sobre o tema. No capítulo 2 aprofunda-se em uma análise do conceito regional, considerando apenas os países que possuem uma interpretação nacional, reconhecendo as diferenças e características próprias de cada local. Por fim, o terceiro capítulo tem como foco específico os empreendimentos de manejo florestal certificado no Brasil, possibilitando o levantamento dos atributos identificados até o momento e a realização de uma análise das etapas de condução dos estudos de AVC por meio de questionários.
The concept of High Conservation Value (AVC) was developed by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), and its purpose is to designate areas with exceptional characteristics due to the presence of important attributes, divided into the following categories: forests with a significant concentration of biodiversity; large landscape-level forest areas containing viable populations of the vast majority of naturally occurring species; forest areas contained or containing rare, threatened or endangered ecosystems; forest areas in critical situations that provide basic services of nature; areas that are fundamental to meeting the basic needs of local communities; areas critical for the traditional cultural identity of local communities. It is an innovative concept to include social and cultural aspects, which is why it has been widely used outside the forest sector, being incorporated by certification schemes linked to commodities and biofuels, logistics chain companies (production) and financial institutions. The identification of the attributes can be done following a generic approach, in which the management should contribute to the maintenance or increment of the attributes identified following a precautionary approach, including the local communities in the process of identifying the areas of HCV. To better use this concept in specific situations, some countries adapt the general concepts into documents called National Interpretation. Brazil is one of the countries that do not yet have a national interpretation and, therefore, the identification of areas of HCV is done using the generic approach. This work proposes a broad analysis of the use of the concept of HCV in three different scales: analysis of existing publications on the theme, regional application through national interpretations and use of the concept in Brazil by the forest management companies certified by the FSC. Chapter 1 consists of a structured review of the existing worldwide publications on the subject, which enabled the formation of a base considering the main information available on the theme. In Chapter 2, the analysis of the regional concept is analyzed, considering only the countries that have a national interpretation, recognizing the differences and characteristics of each place. Finally, the third chapter focuses specifically on certified forest management projects in Brazil, enabling the identification of attributes identified so far and conducting an analysis of the stages of conduction of HCV studies through questionnaires.
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Gueneau, Stéphane. "Vers une évaluation des dispositifs de prise en charge du problème du déclin des forêts tropicales humides." Thesis, Paris, AgroParisTech, 2011. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03690042.

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Document 1 : Présentation du dossier de recherche doctoralCe document expose brièvement notre itinéraire de recherche afin de mieux comprendre la double démarche que nous avons adoptée et la structure particulière de ce dossier. D‘un côté, ce dossier comprend une série de travaux publiés sur la question des transformations politiques induites par les dispositifs de certification de la gestion forestière. De l‘autre, il présente un travail de recherche qui porte spécifiquement sur les questions d‘efficacité environnementale des dispositifs internationaux de prise en charge du problème de déclin des forêts tropicales.Dans ce premier document, nous introduisons les problématiques abordées et les disciplines mobilisées dans le cadre de ces deux démarches. Nous évoquons également notre posture de recherche. Puis nous mentionnons les perspectives qu‘offrent ces travaux de recherche : en réduisant la distance qui mène vers l‘évaluation des dispositifs de prise en charge du problème de déclin des forêts tropicales humides, ces deux démarches offrent des perspectives de travaux de recherche futurs portant sur l‘efficacité écologique de la gestion des forêts tropicales humides.Document 2 - Transformations politiques induites par l’émergence d’un dispositif de certification de la gestion forestière : le cas du FSCCe document est consacré à l‘analyse des effets politiques d‘un dispositif de certification de la gestion forestière, le Forest Stewardship Council (FSC). Il intègre un recueil de cinq textes publiés dans des ouvrages et revues scientifiques entre 2007 et 2011, dans le cadre de notre participation au projet NORMES « Réguler par les normes : les dispositifs de normalisation dans la gouvernance du développement durable » financé par l‘Agence nationale de la recherche (ANR). Les publications sont précédées par un texte de cadrage qui présente l‘historique et les rouages du dispositif FSC. Ces travaux de recherche permettent d‘améliorer notre compréhension des transformations politiques induites par l‘émergence du FSC. Nous mettons en avant les innovations institutionnelles produites par le FSC, la portée et les limites de mise en œuvre de ce dispositif volontaire, les changements comportementaux qu‘il induit, les effets détournés qu‘il génère, notamment en termes d’équité entre les catégories d‘acteurs concernées. L‘analyse des rapports publics-privés montre que loin d‘être un dispositif privé isolé, le FSC a une certaine influence sur l‘élaboration des politiques publiques et réciproquement, son développement est conditionné par un certain degré d‘intervention étatique.Document 3 – Poser les bases d’un référentiel d’évaluation des dispositifs de prise en charge du problème du déclin des forêts tropicales humidesCe document présente le travail de recherche que nous avons conduit sur les questions d‘efficacité environnementale des dispositifs de prise en charge des problèmes de déforestation et de dégradation des forêts tropicales humides. Face au constat de cette insuffisante prise en charge, malgré les déclarations internationales et les nombreux dispositifs qui se succèdent depuis plusieurs décennies, nous nous sommes penchés sur les cadres d‘évaluation qui permettraient de mesurer l‘efficacité environnementale des dispositifs à l’œuvre
Document 1: Presentation of the doctoral research dossierThis document presents the general framework of the doctoral research dossier. It intends to briefly explain the research methodology, in order to better understand the dual approach adopted and the structure of this doctoral research. On the one hand, the dossier is based on several articles published on the issue of forest certification schemes political transformations. On the other hand, the dossier includes a research on the issue of environmental effectiveness of rainforest management devices. This first document introduces the critical stand, the issues addressed and the disciplines involved in these two approaches. Finally, the prospects offered by this research are mentioned.Document 2: Political transformations induced by the development of forest management certification: the case of FSC.This document analyses the political impact of a forest management certification device: the Forest Steward Council (FSC). It integrates five articles published in academic/scientific books and journals between 2007 and 2011, which were published in the framework of the NORMES research project “Regulation by standards : the instruments of regulations in the governance of sustainable development”, financed by the French National Agency of Research (ANR). The publications are preceded by a framing text which presents the background and the working of the FSC-instrument, and then introduces the texts succinctly.The research activities permit to enhance the understanding of political transformations, induced by the FSC. The institutional innovations which were produced by the FSC will be emphasized, as well as the reach and the limits of this voluntary instrument, the behavorial changes it brings about, and the side-effects it generates, in particular in terms of equity between the concerned players in this field.Finally, the analysis of the public-private relations shows that, far from being a private and isolated instrument, the FSC exerts a certain influence on the elaboration of public politics, and, reciprocally, its development is conditioned by a certain degree of governmental intervention.Document 3: Laying the bases of a benchmark for assessing the devices which corner the deforestation and rainforest degradation problems.This document concentrates on the issue of effectiveness of the devices which tackle the problems of deforestation and rainforest degradation. The starting point of this work is the problem-solving difficulties, despite repeated international statements and devices adopted in recent decades.Based on these observations, the research focuses on evaluation frameworks that would assess the environmental effectiveness of such devices. It starts with a critical analysis of the theoretical framework used to address global environmental issues, specifically the effectiveness of global environmental regimes theories (Underdal, 1992, Young, 1998). Then, an extensive literature review on the rainforest management issues is presented, showing the complexity of the problem. The research pointed out the failures of the current approaches implemented to tackle the deforestation and rainforest degradation. Finally, by using the framework of the Strategic analysis of environmental management (Mermet 1992, 1998, Mermet & a, 2005, 2010), this study demonstrated that despite the complexity of the deforestation and rainforest degradation problem, it is legitimate, useful and possible to construct a referential for evaluation focused on environmental challenges that forests are facing. The basis of this framework is laid out, by detailing the principal elements that will be able to frame the evaluation of the effectiveness of the management of these forests
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Alves, Telma Regina. "A abordagem da biodiversidade nos resumos públicos dos planos de manejo FSC no Brasil : uma análise crítica." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2016. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/8684.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
The silviculture activity, as well as other economic activities (industrial, agrarian, farming, etc.), can cause environmental impacts, both positive and negative, according to a number of circumstances, such as in relation to the conditions prior to planting, water regime in the region, the biome of insertion of the activity, the management techniques employed, the integration of the local population, among others. Plantations of exotic species (ex. genera Eucalyptus and Pinus) have been the subject of severe criticism regarding the possible reduction of biodiversity. These criticisms have arisen from situations and relationships that conflict that have occurred, for decades, between those responsible for the implementation and use of these plantations on one side and the other people aware of the need for preservation of biodiversity. In this study we selected 15 Brazilian companies that are certified to the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) with the aim of assessing whether the Management Plans from forests certified by the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) had evidence of the use of the results of monitoring of biodiversity (especially fauna) in interventions of forest management aimed at biological conservation. The method used was the documentary analysis of the Public Summaries of the Management Plans, between the years of 2011 to 2015, available on the internet. Among the several results obtained, of note is the fact that the 15 forestry companies, 13 (87%) conducted an inventory of qualitative and quantitative aspects of wild fauna, and analyzing the total hectares of areas monitored in relation to the total number of areas in plantation of eucalyptus, in 8 (53%) forestry companies monitoring is conducted in areas that have a range of 5% to 47% of the areas under certification. We can observe, through critical analysis of their management plans, in which they are sampling of static form the structure of biodiversity, through lists of species. It concludes that there are no concrete evidence of the use of information obtained through monitoring of fauna for making decisions about the best ways of intervention of forest management, indicating uncertainty when the real possibility of same to assist in the conservation of biodiversity. This way, was proposed a protocol model for monitoring of fauna, with specific methodologies for the group of wild mammals. In this case, the results can be used in the assessment of the impacts of forest management of forestry companies contributing to the fitting of the form of forest management compatible with the maintenance of its biodiversity.
A atividade de silvicultura, assim como outras atividades econômicas (industrial, agrária, pastoril, etc.), pode causar impactos ambientais, tanto positivos, quanto negativos, de acordo com uma série de circunstâncias, como em relação às condições prévias ao plantio, regime hídrico da região, o bioma de inserção da atividade, as técnicas de manejo empregadas, a integração da população local, entre outras. As plantações florestais de espécies exóticas (ex. gêneros Eucalyptus e Pinus) vêm sendo objeto de severas críticas quanto à possível redução da biodiversidade. Estas críticas surgiram a partir de situações e relações conflituosas que vêm ocorrendo, por décadas, entre aqueles responsáveis pela implantação e utilização destes plantios de um lado e do outro as pessoas conscientes da necessidade de preservação da biodiversidade. Nesse trabalho foram selecionadas 15 Empresas Florestais brasileiras que possuem certificação do Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) com o objetivo de avaliar se os Planos de Manejo de Florestas Certificadas pelo Conselho de Manejo Florestal no Brasil (FSC-Brasil) apresentaram evidências da utilização dos resultados de monitoramentos da biodiversidade (especialmente fauna) nas intervenções de manejo florestal voltadas à conservação biológica. O método utilizado foi da análise documental dos Resumos Públicos dos Planos de Manejo, entre os anos de 2011 a 2015, disponibilizados na internet. Dentre os vários resultados obtidos, destaca-se o fato de que das 15 empresas florestais, 13 (87%) realizaram inventários qualitativos e quantitativos da fauna silvestre, sendo que, analisando o total em hectares, de áreas monitoradas em relação ao total de áreas em plantio de eucaliptos, em 8 (53%) empresas florestais o monitoramento é realizado em áreas que apresentam um intervalo de 5% a 47% das áreas sob certificação. Podemos observar, através da análise crítica de seus planos de manejo, em que estão amostrando de forma estática a estrutura da biodiversidade, por meio de listas de espécies. Conclui-se, que não existem evidências concretas do uso das informações obtidas por meio do monitoramento da fauna para a tomada de decisões sobre as melhores formas de intervenção de manejo florestal, indicando incertezas quando a real possibilidade das mesmas em auxiliar na conservação da biodiversidade. Dessa forma, foi proposto um modelo de protocolo de monitoramento de fauna, específico com as metodologias para o grupo de mamíferos silvestres. Neste caso, os resultados podem ser utilizados na avaliação dos impactos do manejo florestal das empresas florestais contribuindo com as readequações da forma do manejo florestal compatíveis com a manutenção de sua biodiversidade.
Більше джерел

Книги з теми "Certification FSC":

1

Carrere, Ricardo. Greenwash: Critical analysis of FSC certification of industrial tree monocultures in Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: World Rainforest Movement, 2006.

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Carrere, Ricardo. Greenwash: Critical analysis of FSC certification of industrial tree monocultures in Uruguay. Montevideo, Uruguay: World Rainforest Movement, 2006.

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3

LLC, Mometrix Media. Fundamental Payroll Certification Exam secrets study guide: Your key to exam success : FPC test review for the Fundamental Payroll Certification Exam. [Beaumont, Tex.?]: Mometrix Media LLC, 2013.

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4

Roberts, Willmar K. A guide to FCC equipment authorizations: How to obtain type approval, type acceptance, certification, registration, and notification : the procedure for verification : for equipments regulated by the Federal Communications Commission of the United States of America. 2nd ed. Springfield, Va: EMXX Corporation, 1985.

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5

Bartley, Tim. Purity and Danger. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794332.003.0003.

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This chapter examines the project to certify sustainable forestry in Indonesia. Although the field of forest certification was created in large part to counteract deforestation in Southeast Asia, the growth of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification in Indonesia proved to be quite slow and contentious. Companies that did get certified often struggled to reform destructive logging practices and tense relationships with communities. This chapter asks why forest certification was underdeveloped and what kinds of reforms it brought about. Drawing on interviews with practitioners and documentary evidence, the chapter shows how certification was impeded not only by convoluted market linkages but also by democratization and domestic governance of land. As indigenous communities pressed their claims to customary land rights, companies seeking FSC certification struck new bargains, but most often these amounted to shallow solutions to deep problems.
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Larry, Lohmann, ed. Certifying the uncertifiable: FSC certification of tree plantations in Thailand and Brazil. Montevideo, Uruguay: World Rainforest Movement, 2003.

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7

Bartley, Tim. The State Strikes Back. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794332.003.0004.

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This chapter examines the rise of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification in China, as well as the challenges of implementation and competition from a state-sponsored homegrown system. Despite challenges to its operations, the FSC grew rapidly in China, especially in comparison to Indonesia. To make sense of this puzzle, the chapter identifies a “dual logic of certifying in authoritarian places”, in which the state crowds the space of private regulators but also edits out the messiness and contention that can otherwise impede certification. Using interview and documentary evidence, the chapter identifies the implications and blind spots of forest certification in China and shows how authoritarian governance suppressed underlying ambiguity and conflict over rights to forest land, making it easier for apparent land grabs to be certified as compliant with the FSC’s high standards.
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Medwidsky, Yaroslav. Biodiversity indicators and FSC certification of small landowners in the Valdivian ecoregion of southern Chile. 2004, 2004.

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9

Sutherland, Erin. Recommended changes to FSC eligibility criteria for complex group certifications. 2003, 2003.

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10

K, Vinogradov V., Pogoniĭ I͡A︡ F, Tept͡s︡ov N. V та Federalʹnai͡a︡ sluzhba bezopasnosti Rossii, ред. Agonii͡a︡ i smertʹ Adolʹfa Gitlera: Na osnove rassekrechennykh dokumentov FSB Rossii, mnogie iz kotorykh publikui͡u︡tsi͡a︡ vpervye : sekretnai͡a︡ operat͡s︡ii͡a︡ sovetskikh kontrrazvedchikov po rozysku Gitlera, Gebbelʹsa i drugikh vysokopostavlennykh nat͡s︡istov : protokoly doprosov lit͡s︡ iz blizhaĭshego okruzhenii͠a︡ Fi͡u︡rera : materialy sudebno-medit͡s︡inskikh ėkspertiz : dnevnik Martina Bormana : domysly i slukhi o poslednikh dni͡a︡kh Gitlera. Moskva: Izdatelʹskiĭ dom "Zvonnit͡s︡a", 2000.

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Частини книг з теми "Certification FSC":

1

Florian, Diego, Ilaria Dalla Vecchia, and Mauro Masiero. "FSC® Forest Management Certification." In Forest Management Auditing, 81–92. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315745985-6.

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2

Masiero, Mauro, and Diego Florian. "FSC® Chain of Custody certification." In Forest Management Auditing, 93–112. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2018.: Routledge, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315745985-7.

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3

Karmann, Marion, Zandra Martinez, Joachim Meier-Dörnberg, and Vera Santos. "An assessment of FSC certification solutions for smallholders and community-managed forests." In Routledge Handbook of Community Forestry, 237–55. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780367488710-19.

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4

Klooster, Dan. "The Local Instrumentality of Global Standards: How Mexican Indigenous Communities Use FSC Certification to Foster a Furniture Production Network." In Governing through Standards, 266–88. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-34830-1_11.

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5

Neykov, Nikolay, Emil Kitchoukov, Tsvetelina Simeonova-Zarkin, and Aureliu-Florin Halalisan. "Economic Efficiency Estimation of Innovations in Combined Forestry and Wood Processing Units in Bulgaria Through Certification in FSC Chain of Custody." In Innovation in Sustainable Management and Entrepreneurship, 695–703. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-44711-3_52.

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6

Henry, Laura A., and Lisa McIntosh Sundstrom. "The Forest Stewardship Council: Private Governance in Brazil and Russia." In Bringing Global Governance Home, 137–74. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197530238.003.0006.

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NGOs from Brazil and Russia participate in the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC), a global private governance initiative that promotes sustainable forestry using certification and labeling, contributing to increases in certified forest territory and certified companies in both more democratic Brazil and less democratic Russia. The chapter argues that while Brazilian NGOs participate in FSC more robustly at the national and international levels, FSC has been a more consequential site for mediation in Russia. It argues that differences in Russian and Brazilian NGO engagement with FSC are linked in part to the timing of global governance intervention. Brazilian NGOs achieved some policy goals during earlier efforts to save the Amazon rainforest, while in Russia NGOs leveraged the FSC at a crucial moment following post-Soviet market reforms when forestry companies sought export markets.
7

Trolliet, Franck, Melissa Vogt, and Franck Trolliet. "How does FSC certification of forest management benefit conservation of biodiversity?" In Sustainability Certification Schemes in the Agricultural and Natural Resource Sectors, 93–110. Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203701737-4.

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8

Nuñez, Miguel David Ruiz-Cabello, Sergio Fernández Romero, Marc Pous, Enrique Pascual Gil, Luis M. Diaz Angulo, David Poyatos Martínez, Mireya Fernández Chimeno, et al. "Numerical Assessment in Aeronautics for Electromagnetic Environmental Effects." In Electromagnetic Compatibility for Space Systems Design, 153–210. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-5415-8.ch005.

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Electrical and electronic systems on board air vehicles are susceptible to electromagnetic interference (EMI). This has made the topic of electromagnetic compatibility (EMC), a major concern for aircraft safety. The use of composite materials worsens this situation, for their poor shielding and low conductive capabilities. Some of the main experimental E3 certification scenarios used in aeronautics are revisited in this chapter. Guidelines to achieve simple, yet accurate, numerical models of them are provided, with appropriate tradeoffs between computational simplicity and accuracy. The numerical method, endowed with extended capabilities, has been chosen for this task for its ability and efficiency to deal with complex problems of arbitrary materials. The feature selective validation (FSV) IEEE standard procedure, commonly used to quantify the comparison of data in electromagnetic problems, is also revisited. The simulation of three different air vehicles in several certification scenarios is finally described and the numerical results compared to experimental data.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Certification FSC":

1

Keto-Tokoi, Petri. "Scientific basis for developing key environmental criteria of FSC forest certification standard." In 5th European Congress of Conservation Biology. Jyväskylä: Jyvaskyla University Open Science Centre, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.17011/conference/eccb2018/108160.

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2

Khasanova, E. Kh, N. L. Yablochkina, and А. V. Novikov. "PROTECTION OF FORESTS OF HIGH ENVIRONMENTAL VALUE IN THE PRICHULIMSKY TAIGA OF THE TOMSK REGION DURING FOREST HARVESTING." In Prirodopol'zovanie i ohrana prirody: Ohrana pamjatnikov prirody, biologicheskogo i landshaftnogo raznoobrazija Tomskogo Priob'ja i drugih regionov Rossii. Izdatel'stvo Tomskogo gosudarstvennogo universiteta, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/978-5-94621-954-9-2020-27.

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The article presents an example of the conservation of high conservation value forests under the international certification system of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) in Prichulymsky taiga of the Tomsk region. Such forests and forest areas with places of concentration of rare species of animals, plants and valuable tree species require systematic monitoring and special attention when conducting forestry activities.
3

Atmaram, Gobind H. "Uncertainty Estimates of Photovoltaic Module Performance Measurements." In ASME 2003 International Solar Energy Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isec2003-44224.

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Commercially available photovoltaic (PV) modules and systems often fall short of meeting the performance ratings specified by the module manufacturers or system designers [1]. This has resulted in reduced performance and low system availability, some system failures, and generally, a lack of confidence by systems users. Hence, a need for an independent accredited laboratory to conduct the testing and certification of PV modules and systems has been indicated by the PV industry, electric utilities, and other system users and owners. To meet this industry and user need, the Florida Solar Energy Center (FSEC) has started a PV testing and certification program. The FSEC PV testing laboratory and certification program have been accredited by the American Association for Laboratory Accreditation (A2LA) and approved by the PowerMark Corporation (PMC, www.powermark.org ), which is the certification body of the PV industry in the United States. The FSEC program currently covers three areas: (i) PV module power rating certification, (ii) Stand-Alone PV system performance evaluation and certification, and (iii) Grid-Connected PV system design review and approval. The PV module power rating certification is central to these three areas of the FSEC program, as illustrated in Figure 1. The details of the FSEC PV testing laboratory accreditation and certification program are described in a previous paper [2].
4

Carbone, Francesco. "Bioeconomic role of sustainable forest management certification schemes in Italy." In Secondo Congresso Internazionale di Selvicoltura = Second International Congress of Silviculture. Accademia Italiana di Scienze Forestali, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4129/2cis-fc-ruo.

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5

Song, Yangkun, and Javid Bayandor. "Novel Implementation of Fluid-Solid Interaction Analysis in Air Breathing Propulsion Systems." In ASME/JSME/KSME 2015 Joint Fluids Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ajkfluids2015-13347.

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A bird strike event is one of the largest threats to the safety of aircraft, yet, the studies conducted to ensure the integrity of aircraft systems have so far been based mainly on empirical data, rather than a numerical analysis. From a wide spectrum of bird strike scenarios, bird ingestion into an aircraft’s propulsion system is the most hazardous. To ensure passenger safety, engine manufacturers are required by the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to design engines that can sustain thrust for at least 20 minutes in the event of a catastrophic soft body ingestion incident [1]. To satisfy these regulations, manufactures need to perform a variety of certification tests, but such tests can drastically increase cost, time, and efforts required to develop a final product. To avoid such challenges, a numerical analysis becomes an essential tool. In order to analyze the dynamic damage response of a propulsion system subjected to bird ingestion, Fluid-Solid Interaction (FSI) must be considered. FSI is a very important phenomenon for most of the engineering applications which requires coupling two complicated disciplines. Previously, a preliminary dynamic damage assessment had been performed on the front fan section of a propulsion system in the event of a soft body impact. In this study, a more precise propulsion system is developed and implemented to predict the dynamic damage evolution of the propulsion system which is subject to a soft body impact.

Звіти організацій з теми "Certification FSC":

1

CIFOR. Evaluation of the impacts of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) certification of natural forest management in the tropics. Center for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.17528/cifor/004345.

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2

Draft Title 40 CFR 191 compliance certification application for the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant. Volume 5: Appendices D and D, DEF, FAC. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/80999.

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