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Статті в журналах з теми "Children of survivors"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 1 лютого 2022

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1

Reynolds, Francoise M. T., and Peter Cimbolic. "Attitudes toward Suicide Survivors as a Function of Survivors' Relationship to the Victim." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 19, no. 2 (October 1989): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/kr1x-qng3-2ygm-udyq.

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This study examined attitudes toward suicide survivors. Two variables were assessed: the impact of information on attitudes toward suicide survivors and whether the survivor's relationship to the victim affects the attitudes of others towards the survivor. Sixty participants responded to one of three fictional case histories that described a child's suicide, a spouse's suicide, or a parent's suicide. Prior to reading case vignettes, thirty of the participants read an article about suicide; the other thirty read death-related but not suicide-related materials. Results indicated that suicide information did not affect attitudes toward survivors. Further results indicated that reactions to suicide survivors are generally negative and the relationship of survivors to victims affects these reactions. Children of victims were seen least negatively; parents of a child who died by suicide received the most negative reactions.

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2

Balcerek, M., T. Schuster, E. Korte, J. Seidel, R. Schilling, H. Hölling, and A. Borgmann-Staudt. "Health-Related Behaviour Among Children of Childhood Cancer Survivors in Germany." Klinische Pädiatrie 229, no. 03 (December 14, 2016): 118–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-116151.

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Abstract Purpose: Childhood cancer survivors fear that previous therapy could not only impair their own but also their children’s health. We examined whether health-related behaviour in children of childhood cancer survivors differs from the general population. Methods: Our first nationwide survey wave (2013–2014) surveyed offspring health in 396 German childhood cancer survivors known to have a child of their own. Answers about health behaviour were analysed using descriptive statistics. Data were collected for 418 offspring and 394 could be integrated for matched-pair analyses with data from the German general population (KIGGS, n=17 641). Results: Teeth-cleaning routine, body-mass-index or subjective body image evaluation by parents were no different from children in the general population. Parents who included a cancer survivor smoked less in the presence of their children (p=0.01). During pregnancy, mothers in cancer survivor parent pairs abstained from drinking alcohol more often (p=0.01) and smoked less (p=0.05). While the calculated effect sizes (Phi) were generally low (0.135–0.247), children from cancer survivors played less outdoors than peers did (p=0.01). Boys participated in sports outside a club more often (p=0.05) and watched less TV on weekdays (p=0.01) and girls spent more time on the computer during weekdays than peers did (p=0.01). Conclusions: This study provides the first data for health-related behaviour in cancer survivors’ offspring and sheds light on differences to parenting in the general population. Multivariate analyses in a larger study population are needed to relate these differences to fear issues in cancer survivors.

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3

Yedidia, Tova, and Hassia Yerushalmi. "To Murder the Internal Mother or to Commit Suicide? Anti-Group in a Group of Second-Generation Holocaust Survivors whose Children Committed Suicide." Group Analysis 40, no. 3 (September 2007): 379–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0533316407081753.

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This article presents the development of an anti-group among a group of parents whose children committed suicide. All the participants but two were children of Holocaust survivors (i.e. second-generation Holocaust survivors); these two were married to second-generation Holocaust survivors, so that in all cases, the son who committed suicide had at least one parent who was a second-generation Holocaust survivor. The article explains the transference, countertransference and projective identification that developed in the group.

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4

Whitney, Robin L., Janice Bell, Sarah C. Reed, Emma Blackmon, Katherine K. Kim, and Jill G. Joseph. "Parenting experiences of cancer survivors with young children in the 2012 LIVESTRONG Survey for People Affected by Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.189.

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189 Background: When a parent is diagnosed with cancer, family functioning may be disrupted, placing children at risk. Little is known, however, about the parenting experiences of cancer survivors. Methods: Among cancer survivors with children age ≤ 20 years at diagnosis (n = 2,375) in the 2012 LIVESTRONG Survey for People Affected by Cancer, we used logistic regression to model the odds that 1) children were not fully emotionally supported or that 2) cancer affected survivors’ ability to provide care for their children. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Predictors included age of youngest child at diagnosis ( ≤ 10 years versus 11-20 years), survivor report of high distress, and confidence obtaining emotional support. Models also controlled for important sociodemographic covariates. Results: Among survivors, 50% reported that their children were not fully emotionally supported, and 58% reported that cancer affected their ability to provide care for their children. Significant predictors of children not being fully emotionally supported included: government insurance (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.1); annual income ≤ $60,000 (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3-2.1); being retired (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.4); or female (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.7). Significant predictors of cancer interfering with the ability to provide care for children included: female sex (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.8-2.7), survivor report of high distress (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-2.0), having a child ≤ 10 years (OR 2.5; 95% CI 2.0-3.2), or a child who was not fully emotionally supported (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.3-1.9). Survivors with confidence in their ability to obtain emotional support were less likely to report that cancer interfered with their ability to provide care (OR 0.8; 95% CI 0.6-0.9). Conclusions: Many cancer survivors with young children at diagnosis report that cancer or its treatment affects their ability to provide care, or that their children are not fully emotionally supported. Increased attention to the psychosocial needs of parenting cancer survivors is warranted, particularly among women, those with public insurance, lower incomes, children ≤ 10 years and survivors who report high distress levels or inadequate emotional support.

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5

Zilberfein, Felice. "Children of Holocaust Survivors:." Social Work in Health Care 23, no. 3 (August 2, 1996): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j010v23n03_03.

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6

McIntosh, John L. "Survivors of Suicide: A Comprehensive Bibliography Update, 1986–1995." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 33, no. 2 (October 1996): 147–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bcwl-bl0j-nly2-k161.

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Анотація:

An update of a 1985–86 Omega bibliography of the literature on survivors of suicide is presented. Following brief introductory comments, including the identification of research and therapy needs and unresolved issues, the bibliography listings are organized by the following subtopics: general references on family members and friends as suicide survivors; children, adolescents, youth, and parents as survivors; school and educational settings; parental suicide; elderly suicide survivors; mental health professionals and clinicians in training as survivors; survivors of professionals' suicides; and research on attitudes toward survivors. Published works in professional journals, books, book chapters, and doctoral dissertations on the topic of survivor-victims are included.

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7

Signorello, Lisa B., John J. Mulvihill, Daniel M. Green, Heather M. Munro, Marilyn Stovall, Rita E. Weathers, Ann C. Mertens, John A. Whitton, Leslie L. Robison, and John D. Boice. "Congenital Anomalies in the Children of Cancer Survivors: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 3 (January 20, 2012): 239–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.37.2938.

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Purpose Children with cancer receive mutagenic treatments, which raises concern about the potential transmissibility of germline damage to their offspring. This question has been inadequately studied to date because of a lack of detailed individual treatment exposure assessment such as gonadal radiation doses. Methods Within the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study, we performed a retrospective cohort analysis of validated cases of congenital anomalies among 4,699 children of 1,128 male and 1,627 female childhood cancer survivors. We quantified chemotherapy with alkylating agents and radiotherapy doses to the testes and ovaries and related these exposures to risk of congenital anomalies using logistic regression. Results One hundred twenty-nine children had at least one anomaly (prevalence = 2.7%). For children whose mothers were exposed to radiation or alkylating agents versus neither, the prevalence of anomalies was 3.0% versus 3.5% (P = .51); corresponding figures were 1.9% versus 1.7% (P = .79) for the children of male survivors. Neither ovarian radiation dose (mean, 1.19 Gy; odds ratio [OR] = 0.59; 95% CI, 0.20 to 1.75 for 2.50+ Gy) nor testicular radiation dose (mean, 0.48 Gy; OR = 1.01; 95% CI, 0.36 to 2.83 for 0.50+ Gy) was related to risk of congenital anomalies. Treatment with alkylating agents also was not significantly associated with anomalies in the children of male or female survivors. Conclusion Our findings offer strong evidence that the children of cancer survivors are not at significantly increased risk for congenital anomalies stemming from their parent's exposure to mutagenic cancer treatments. This information is important for counseling cancer survivors planning to have children.

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8

Rubenstein, Israel, Fred Cutter, and Donald I. Templer. "Multigenerational Occurrence of Survivor Syndrome Symptoms in Families of Holocaust Survivors." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 20, no. 3 (May 1990): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hx4r-n9qy-49b7-8uem.

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The purpose of this study was to determine possible transmission of psychopathology from Jewish holocaust survivors to their children and grandchildren. The Mini-Mult, Death Anxiety Scale, Louisville Behavior Checklist, and School Behavior Checklist were employed. The adult children of holocaust survivors obtained significantly higher scores on self-report measures of psychopathology than control Jewish participants. The grandchildren received significantly higher psychopathology ratings from their patients and teachers. Multigenerational transmission was inferred from the findings.

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9

Smitherman, Andrew Brian, Danielle Mohabir, Tania Wilkins, Julie Blatt, Hazel Nichols, and Stacie Dusetzina. "Early post-therapy prescription drug usage among survivors of childhood cancers." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2017): 147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.147.

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147 Background: Childhood cancer survivors often develop treatment-associated morbidities. We hypothesized that emerging treatment-related medical morbidities would be reflected in patterns of prescription drug usage among survivors in the first three years after therapy completion. Methods: Using the Truven Health MarketScan Commercial Claims database, we identified survivors of childhood (0-21 years-old at diagnosis) leukemia, lymphoma, central nervous system (CNS), bone, or gonadal tumors who completed therapy during 2000 - 2011. Patients were identified using diagnosis codes and cancer-specific procedure codes for chemotherapy, surgery, or radiation therapy. Prescription fills during the first three years following therapy completion were examined and categorized by drug class. Median numbers of prescriptions per survivor were compared to age- and sex-matched children without cancer. Relative risks (RR) for any prescription and for prescriptions by drug class were calculated comparing survivors to children without cancer. Results: We identified 1,414 survivors and 14,140 children without cancer. The median number of unique drug class prescriptions among survivors ranged from 4 [gonadal] to 8 [CNS] in year 1 and from 2 [gonadal] to 6 [CNS] in year 3 compared to a median of 1 among children without cancer (p < 0.001 for all comparisons). Increased risks for fills of antibiotics (RR in year 1: 1.5 [CNS, gonadal], 1.7 [bone], and 1.8 [leukemia, lymphoma]) and opioids (RR in year 1: 2.4 [lymphoma], 2.7 [gonadal], 4.0 [CNS], and 4.8 [leukemia, bone]) persisted throughout the three years among all cancer groups. Survivors of leukemia, lymphoma, CNS, and bone tumors had 2-4 times the risk for antidepressant prescriptions and 4-10 times the risk for anxiolytics. Survivors of leukemia, lymphoma, and bone tumors had 8-10 times the risk for ACE inhibitor prescriptions by the third year off therapy. Conclusions: Compared to children without cancer, childhood cancer survivors have higher rates of prescription drug use across many drug classes indicative of their higher burden of medical morbidities. Careful attention should be given to emerging morbidities during the early off-therapy period.

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10

Russell, K. Brooke, Erin L. Merz, Kathleen Reynolds, Fiona Schulte, and Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen. "Sleep Disturbances in Survivors of Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia and Their Siblings." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 45, no. 7 (June 17, 2020): 707–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsaa043.

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Abstract Objective Sleep disturbances have been identified by patients with cancer as common and distressing; however, conflicting evidence about the prevalence of these outcomes exists for survivors of childhood cancers. Additionally, little is known about how the experience of cancer might impact survivor siblings’ sleep. The current study compared the sleep of survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukemia who were 2–7 years off therapy and their siblings to healthy control/sibling dyads. Methods Participants (survivors, n = 45; survivor siblings, n = 27; controls, n = 45; control siblings, n = 41; 58% male) aged 8–18 (m = 11.64) completed a 7-day sleep diary and seven consecutive days of actigraphy. Parents (n = 90) completed the Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire for each of their children. Results No between-group differences were found on measures of sleep diaries or actigraphy. Parents reported that survivor siblings had significantly poorer sleep habits than survivors or controls. For survivors, greater time off treatment and younger age at diagnosis were associated with less total sleep time, more wake after sleep onset, and decreased sleep efficiency via actigraphy. Conclusion Sleep across all groups was consistent and below national guidelines. Although the survivor group did not have poorer sleep compared to their siblings or matched controls, within the survivor group, those who were diagnosed at an earlier age and those who were further off treatment had more disrupted sleep. Parent reports suggested that survivor siblings may be at risk for sleep problems.

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11

Wagner, Adam P., Cliodhna Carroll, Simon R. White, Peter Watson, Helen A. Spoudeas, Michael M. Hawkins, David A. Walker, Isabel C. H. Clare, Anthony J. Holland, and Howard Ring. "Long-term cognitive outcome in adult survivors of an early childhood posterior fossa brain tumour." International Journal of Clinical Oncology 25, no. 10 (July 8, 2020): 1763–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10147-020-01725-7.

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Abstract Purpose Posterior fossa brain tumours (PFT) and their treatment in young children are often associated with subsequent cognitive impairment. However, reported follow-up periods rarely exceed 10 years. This study reports very long-term cognitive consequences of surviving an early childhood PFT. Methods 62 adult survivors of a PFT, ascertained from a national register, diagnosed before 5 years of age, and a sibling control, received a single IQ assessment an average of 32 years (range 18–53) after initial diagnosis, using the Weschler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence. Regression models were fitted to survivor–sibling pair differences on verbal and performance IQ (VIQ and PIQ) scores to investigate whether increasing time between PFT diagnosis and follow-up IQ assessment contributed to survivor–sibling IQ differences. Results At follow-up, survivors had, on average, VIQ 15 points and PIQ 19 points lower than their siblings. There was no significant effect of time since diagnosis on survivor–sibling VIQ difference. Survivors who received radiotherapy showed no significant effect of time since diagnosis on survivor–sibling PIQ difference. Survivors who did not receive radiotherapy demonstrated a trend for it to reduce. Conclusions VIQ and PIQ deficits persist in adulthood, suggesting the effect of a fixed injury imposing on cognitive development, rather than an ongoing pathological process. Implications for cancer survivors The findings will help parents and others supporting survivors of an early life PFT to identify and plan for possible cognitive outcomes, and highlight the importance of early interventions to optimize cognitive function during the developmental period.

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12

Steinfeld, Alan D. "The Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors." Radiology 187, no. 2 (May 1993): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1148/radiology.187.2.352.

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13

LINK, NAN, BRUCE VICTOR, and RENEE L. BINDER. "Psychosis in Children of Holocaust Survivors." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 173, no. 2 (February 1985): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-198502000-00009.

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14

Bartlett, Nancy L. "Protect our children: Hodgkin lymphoma survivors." Blood 137, no. 11 (March 18, 2021): 1433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.2020010320.

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15

SanGiacomo, Nicole, Jennifer Toth, Wendy Hobbie, Elizabeth Broden, Elizabeth Ver Hoeve, Kathleen A. Knafl, Lamia Barakat, Sue Ogle, and Janet A. Deatrick. "Challenges to Family Management for Caregivers of Adolescent and Young Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors." Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing 36, no. 6 (May 3, 2019): 402–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043454219844229.

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Due to the complexity of cancer late effects, the education required to provide anticipatory guidance and support to the caregivers of adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of childhood brain tumors can be difficult. Therefore, identifying challenges to family management (FM) could be helpful in anticipating complications with the integration of tumor and treatment late effects into family life. Building on previous research that described FM for children with chronic conditions, children who survived cancer, and the Family Management Styles Framework, the purpose of this study was to identify FM challenges for caregivers of AYA survivors of childhood brain tumors to guide clinical practice and research. Directed content analysis was used to identify FM challenges in data from semistructured interviews with 45 maternal caregivers for AYA survivors of childhood brain tumors living with them. Caregivers were largely White (89%) with an average age of 52 years, educated beyond the high school level (67%), and were partnered or married (53%). On average, caregivers had been caring for the AYA for 21 years since diagnosis, and 56% of their survivors had moderate functional restrictions. A primary and a secondary analyst were assigned to the data for each interview and completed a single summary matrix. A list of challenges was created by the research team based on Family Management Styles Framework, the literature, and clinical expertise. Seven core challenges to FM were identified: ensuring survivor well-being, supporting survivor independence, encouraging sibling well-being, planning family activities, sustaining parents as caregivers, attending to survivor late effects, and providing support and advocacy.

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16

Bhatia, Smita, Yanjun Chen, F. Lennie Wong, Lindsey Hageman, Kandice Smith, Bruce Korf, Ashley Cannon, et al. "Subsequent Neoplasms After a Primary Tumor in Individuals With Neurofibromatosis Type 1." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, no. 32 (November 10, 2019): 3050–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.19.00114.

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PURPOSE Fundamental gaps in knowledge regarding the risk of subsequent neoplasms (SNs) in children with pathogenic neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) variants exposed to radiation and/or alkylator chemotherapy have limited the use of these agents. METHODS We addressed these gaps by determining the SN risk in 167 NF1-affected versus 1,541 non–NF1-affected 5-year childhood cancer survivors from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study and 176 nonoverlapping NF1-affected individuals with primary tumors from University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia exposed to radiation and/or chemotherapy. Proportional subdistribution hazards multivariable regression analysis was used to examine risk factors, adjusting for type and age at primary tumor diagnosis and therapeutic exposures. RESULTS In the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study cohort, the 20-year cumulative incidence of SNs in NF1 childhood cancer survivors was 7.3%, compared with 2.9% in the non-NF1 childhood cancer survivors ( P = .003), yielding a 2.4-fold higher risk of SN (95% CI, 1.3 to 4.3; P = .005) in the NF1-affected individuals. In the University of Alabama at Birmingham and Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia cohort, among NF1-affected individuals with a primary tumor, the risk of SNs was 2.8-fold higher in patients with irradiated NF1 (95% CI, 1.3 to 6.0; P = .009). In contrast, the risk of SNs was not significantly elevated after exposure to alkylating agents (hazard ratio, 1.27; 95% CI, 0.3 to 3.0; P = .9). CONCLUSION Children with NF1 who develop a primary tumor are at increased risk of SN when compared with non-NF1 childhood cancer survivors. Among NF1-affected children with a primary tumor, therapeutic radiation, but not alkylating agents, confer an increased risk of SNs. These findings can inform evidence-based clinical management of primary tumors in NF1-affected children.

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17

Andersson, Pentti Kalevi. "Quality of the relationship between origin of childhood perception of attachment and outcome of attachment associated with diagnosis of PTSD in adult Finnish war children and Finnish combat veterans from World War II (1939–1945) – DSM-IV applications of the attachment theory." International Psychogeriatrics 27, no. 6 (February 11, 2015): 1039–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1041610215000101.

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ABSTRACTBackground:Using diagnoses exclusively, comparable evaluations of the empirical evidence relevant to the content can be made. The term holocaust survivor syndrome according to the DSM-IV classification encompasses people with diagnoses of posttraumatic stress disorders and psychopathological symptoms exposed to the Nazi genocide from 1933–1945 identified by Natan Kellermann, AMCHA, Israel (1999).Methods:The relationships between disorders of affectionate parenting and the development of dysfunctional models on one hand, and various psychopathological disorders on the other hand were investigated. Multi-axial assessment based on PTSD diagnosis (APA, 2000) with DSM-IV classification criteria of holocaust survivor syndrome and child survivor syndrome earlier found in holocaust survivors was used as criteria for comparison among Finnish sub-populations.Results:Symptoms similar to those previously described in association with holocaust survivor syndrome and child survivor syndrome were found in the population of Finnish people who had been displaced as children between 1939–1945.Conclusions:Complex PTSD syndrome is found among survivors of prolonged or repeated trauma who have coping strategies intended to assist their mental survival. Surviving Finnish child evacuees had symptoms at similar level to those reported among holocaust survivors, though Finnish combat veterans exhibited good mental adjustment with secure attachment.

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18

Riggs, Lily, Eric Bouffet, Suzanne Laughlin, Normand Laperriere, Fang Liu, Jovanka Skocic, Nadia Scantlebury, et al. "Changes to Memory Structures in Children Treated for Posterior Fossa Tumors." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 20, no. 2 (January 24, 2014): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561771300129x.

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AbstractChildren treated for medulloblastoma (MB) exhibit long-term impairments in declarative memory, but the pathophysiology underlying this is unclear. Previous studies report declines in global white matter volume, but have failed to link this to declines in memory performance. We examined the effects of treatment on measures ofglobalbrain structure (i.e., total white and gray matter volume) andspecificmemory structures (i.e., hippocampus and uncinate fasciculus). We used volumetric MRI and diffusion tensor imaging in pediatric survivors of MB and one survivor of astrocytoma treated with cranial-spinal radiation (n= 20), and healthy controls (n= 13). Compared to controls, the survivor group exhibited reduced white matter volume, damage to the uncinate fasciculus, and a smaller right hippocampus. Critically, reduced hippocampal volume was not related to differences in brain volume, suggesting that the hippocampus may be especially vulnerable to treatment effects. A subset of the survivors (n= 10) also underwent memory testing using the Children's Memory Scale (CMS). Performance on the general index of the CMS was significantly correlated with measures of hippocampal volume and uncinate fasciculus. The examination of treatment effects on specific brain regions provides a better understanding of long-term cognitive outcome in children with brain tumors, particularly medulloblastoma. (JINS, 2014,1, 1–13)

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Avrami, Shirley. "“I Wish he had Died in the War”: Suicide Survivors—The Israeli Case." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 46, no. 4 (June 2003): 273–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/4h37-xbhh-y4lw-quxp.

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This article presents the findings of a study on the impact of parental suicide on the surviving children, undertaken in Israel in 1999 by a researcher who is herself a survivor of parental suicide. The method employed was qualitative and in-depth interviews which were analyzed inductively. It was found that parental suicide is a significant event with lasting effects on the children. At the same time, survivors strive to overcome its impact by regaining control over their lives as adults. It was found that the manner in which suicide is perceived by its survivors must be viewed within the Israeli social context as it relates to the specific manner in which death and bereavement are dealt with within that society.

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Avrami, Shirley. "“I Wish He Had Died in the War”: Suicide Survivors—the Israeli Case." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 51, no. 1 (August 2005): 65–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/dgwu-pmlm-5j3y-j7ll.

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This article presents the findings of a study about the impact of parental suicide on the surviving children, undertaken in Israel in 1999 by a researcher who is a suicide survivor herself. The method employed was qualitative, and in-depth interviews were analyzed inductively. It was found that parental suicide is a meaningful event for the children, and its impact lasts for many years. At the same time, survivors wish to overcome this impact by regaining control over their lives as adults. It was found that the way suicide is perceived by its survivors is socially and contextually related and had to do with the character of the Israeli state and the way death and bereavement are perceived in it.

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21

Alford, C. Fred. "Intergenerational transmission of trauma: Holocaust survivors, their children and their children’s children." Journal of Psychosocial Studies 12, no. 1 (July 1, 2019): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/147867319x15608718110998.

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Drawing on my own research, as well as the research of others, the question considered is how trauma may be transmitted down the generations. Some argue that the second-generation of Holocaust survivors is traumatized. I disagree, concluding that many faced emotional problems separating from while remaining connected to their parents. Attachment theory seems the best way of explaining both the problem and how it is best dealt with. The answer to these questions comes from second-generation survivors themselves, not just the author’s theory.

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22

Clites, Brian J. "Soul Murder." Exchange 48, no. 3 (July 19, 2019): 268–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1572543x-12341530.

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Abstract This article explores the Catholic imaginaries of survivors of clergy sexual abuse by focusing on soul murder, a psychoanalytic concept that the survivor movement appropriated and which has now become central to Catholic survivors’ understandings of their trauma as children. Soul murder names the experience of child sexual abuse as the annihilation of a child’s network of relationships and the ongoing loss as adults of basic relational skills such as intimacy and trust. In addition to losing these social networks, clergy abuse victims frequently lose their relationship with God. This article provides examples of survivors’ efforts to resurrect their faith by reimagining and reconstructing their relationships with one another, God, the sacraments, and the Roman Catholic Church. Through their material culture, reform efforts, home liturgies, and protests, survivors embody a Catholic imaginary whose abundance both enabled their childhood abuse and gives meaning to their adult suffering.

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Goldsby, Robert E., Qi Liu, Paul C. Nathan, Daniel C. Bowers, Amanda Yeaton-Massey, Shannon H. Raber, Daniel Hill, et al. "Late-Occurring Neurologic Sequelae in Adult Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia: A Report From the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 28, no. 2 (January 10, 2010): 324–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2009.22.5060.

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Purpose Children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are often cured, but the therapies they receive may be neurotoxic. Little is known about the incidence and severity of late-occurring neurologic sequelae in ALL survivors. Data were analyzed to determine the incidence of adverse long-term neurologic outcomes and treatment-related risk factors. Patients and Methods We analyzed adverse neurologic outcomes that occurred after diagnosis in 4,151 adult survivors of childhood ALL who participated in the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), a retrospective cohort of 5-year survivors of childhood cancer diagnosed between 1970 and 1986. A randomly selected cohort of the survivors' siblings served as a comparison group. Self-reported auditory-vestibular-visual sensory deficits, focal neurologic dysfunction, seizures, and serious headaches were assessed. Results The median age at outcome assessment was 20.2 years for survivors. The median follow-up time to death or last survey since ALL diagnosis was 14.1 years. Of the survivors, 64.5% received cranial radiation and 94% received intrathecal chemotherapy. Compared with the sibling cohort, survivors were at elevated risk for late-onset auditory-vestibular-visual sensory deficits (rate ratio [RR], 1.8; 95% CI, 1.5 to 2.2), coordination problems (RR, 4.1; 95% CI, 3.1 to 5.3), motor problems (RR, 5.0; 95% CI, 3.8 to 6.7), seizures (RR, 4.6; 95% CI, 3.4 to 6.2), and headaches (RR, 1.6; 95% CI, 1.4 to 1.7). In multivariable analysis, relapse was the most influential factor that increased risk of late neurologic complications. Conclusion Children treated with regimens that include cranial radiation for ALL and those who suffer a relapse are at increased risk for late-onset neurologic sequelae.

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Hogan, M. J. S. "Sun Protection Among Children of Melanoma Survivors." AAP Grand Rounds 33, no. 6 (June 1, 2015): 67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/gr.33-6-67.

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van der Hal, Elisheva, Yvonne Tauber, and Johanna Gottesfeld. "Open Groups For Children of Holocaust Survivors." International Journal of Group Psychotherapy 46, no. 2 (April 1996): 193–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207284.1996.11491494.

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Kangisser Cohen, Sharon. "SURVIVORS OF THE HOLOCAUST AND THEIR CHILDREN." Journal of Modern Jewish Studies 9, no. 2 (July 2010): 165–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14725886.2010.486533.

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Waldfogel, Shimon. "Physical illness in children of Holocaust survivors." General Hospital Psychiatry 13, no. 4 (July 1991): 267–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0163-8343(91)90128-j.

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Ford, Jennifer S., Joanne F. Chou, Charles A. Sklar, Kevin C. Oeffinger, Danielle Novetsky Friedman, Mary McCabe, Leslie L. Robison, et al. "Psychosocial Outcomes in Adult Survivors of Retinoblastoma." Journal of Clinical Oncology 33, no. 31 (November 1, 2015): 3608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2014.60.5733.

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Purpose Survival rates for individuals diagnosed with retinoblastoma (RB) exceed 95% in the United States; however, little is known about the long-term psychosocial outcomes of these survivors. Patients and Methods Adult RB survivors, diagnosed from 1932 to 1994 and treated in New York, completed a comprehensive questionnaire adapted from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study (CCSS), by mail or telephone. Psychosocial outcomes included psychological distress, anxiety, depression, somatization, fear of cancer recurrence, satisfaction with facial appearance, post-traumatic growth, and post-traumatic stress symptoms; noncancer CCSS siblings served as a comparison group. Results A total of 470 RB survivors (53.6% with bilateral RB; 52.1% female) and 2,820 CCSS siblings were 43.3 (standard deviation [SD], 11) years and 33.2 (SD, 8.4) years old at the time of study, respectively. After adjusting for sociodemographic factors, RB survivors did not have significantly higher rates of depression, somatization, distress, or anxiety compared with CCSS siblings. Although RB survivors were more likely to report post-traumatic stress symptoms of avoidance and/or hyperarousal (both P < .01), only five (1.1%) of 470 met criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder. Among survivors, having a chronic medical condition did not increase the likelihood of psychological problems. Bilateral RB survivors were more likely than unilateral RB survivors to experience fears of cancer recurrence (P < .01) and worry about their children being diagnosed with RB (P < .01). However, bilateral RB survivors were no more likely to report depression, anxiety, or somatic complaints than unilateral survivors. Conclusion Most RB survivors do not have poorer psychosocial functioning compared with a noncancer sample. In addition, bilateral and unilateral RB survivors seem similar with respect to their psychological symptoms.

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Sethi, Sujata, and S. C. Bhargava. "Child and Adolescent Survivors of Suicide." Crisis 24, no. 1 (January 2003): 4–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027//0227-5910.24.1.4.

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Summary: Suicide in a family is distressing for each and every member. Children and adolescents bereaved by suicide are known to be more at risk of suffering from a variety of psychiatric problems, especially affective disorders. A group of children and adolescents who experienced a suicidal death in the family were assessed for psychiatric problems as well as for social adjustment. The findings suggest that the bereaved children and adolescents are at elevated risk for major depressive disorder, posttraumatic stress disorder, and impaired social adjustment.

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Fisher, Rachel S., Katianne M. Howard Sharp, Kemar V. Prussien, Alexandra C. Himelhoch, Lexa K. Murphy, Erin M. Rodriguez, Tammi K. Young-Saleme, Kathryn Vannatta, Bruce E. Compas, and Cynthia A. Gerhardt. "Coping Trajectories and the Health-Related Quality of Life of Childhood Cancer Survivors." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 46, no. 8 (March 19, 2021): 960–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/jsab017.

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Abstract Objective To identify coping trajectories from diagnosis through survivorship and test whether particular trajectories exhibit better health-related quality of life (HRQOL) at 5 years post-diagnosis. Methods Families of children with cancer (ages 5-17; M = 10.48, SD = 4.03) were recruited following a new diagnosis of cancer (N = 248). Three follow-up assessments occurred at 1-year (N = 185), 3-years (N = 101), and 5-years (N = 110). Mothers reported on children’s coping using the Responses to Stress Questionnaire for Pediatric Cancer. Survivor HRQOL was measured at 5-year follow-up using self-report on the PedsQL 4.0. Longitudinal patterns of coping were derived using Latent Class Growth Analysis and mean-levels of survivor-report HRQOL were compared across classes. Results Two primary control coping trajectories emerged, “Moderate and Stable” (50%) and “Low-moderate and Decreasing” (50%), with no significant differences in HRQOL across trajectories. Three secondary control coping trajectories emerged, “Moderate-high and Increasing” (54%), “Moderate and Stable” (40%), and “High and Increasing” (6%), with survivors in the last trajectory showing better HRQOL. Two disengagement coping trajectories emerged, “Low and Stable” (85%) and “Low and Variable” (15%), with no significant differences in HRQOL across trajectories. Conclusions Coping trajectories were relatively stable from diagnosis to 5 years. A small group of survivors with high and increasing secondary control coping over time, per mother-report, reported better HRQOL. Future research should consider tailoring coping interventions to children with cancer to improve survivors’ HRQOL.

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Riley, Kathy. "QOL-51. LISTENING BEFORE WE SPEAK: A PATIENT-CENTERED APPROACH TO DEVELOPING RESOURCES FOR PEDIATRIC BRAIN TUMOR SURVIVORS AND THEIR FAMILIES." Neuro-Oncology 22, Supplement_3 (December 1, 2020): iii440. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.705.

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Abstract In the United States, more than 28,000 children and teenagers live with the diagnosis of a primary brain tumor (Porter, McCarthy, Freels, Kim, & Davis, 2010). In 2017, an estimated 4,820 new cases of childhood primary brain and other central nervous system tumors were expected to be diagnosed in children ages 0 – 19 in the United States (Central Brain Tumor Registry of the United States, 2017). Survivors suffer from lifelong side effects caused by their illness or by various treatments. Commonly identified late effects of treatment include a decline in intellectual functioning and processing speed, performance IQ deficits, memory deficits, psychological difficulties, deficits in adaptive functioning (daily life skills), and an overall decrease in health-related quality of life (Castellino, Ullrich, Whelen, & Lange, 2014). To address the ongoing challenges these survivors and their families face, the Pediatric Brain Tumor Foundation (PBTF) met extensively with working groups comprised of survivors and caregivers to develop the outline for a comprehensive Survivorship Resource Guidebook. In 2019, the PBTF published the guidebook which categorizes survivor and caregiver needs into three primary areas: physical and mental health, quality of life, and working the system. Expert authors included survivors and caregivers themselves in addition to medical and mental health professionals. Key outcomes discovered during the creation and production of this resource highlight how caregivers, survivors and professionals can collaborate to provide needed information and practical help to one segment of the pediatric cancer population who experience profound morbidities as a result of their diagnosis and treatment.

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Blackmon, Emma, Janice Bell, Robin L. Whitney, Sarah C. Reed, Katherine Kim, and Jill Joseph. "Caregiver work modifications: A hidden cost of cancer care." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 190. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.190.

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190 Background: Recent national reports highlight the dramatically rising costs of cancer care and its impact on financial hardship among survivors. Comparatively little attention, however, has been paid to the contributions of family and friends in unpaid caregiving roles—specifically, the impact of caregiving on caregivers jobs and work life. Methods: Using data collected in the 2012 LIVESTRONG Survey of People Affected by Cancer, we examined the prevalence of cancer survivors reporting that they had a friend or family member providing care to them during or after cancer treatment. Then, among those reporting they had a caregiver employed at that time, we used logistic regression to examine caregiver work modifications (i.e., paid time, unpaid time off, changing hours or duties, or making a change in employment status. All models controlled for survivor age at diagnosis, sex, race/ethnicity, income, education and employment status as potential predictors. Results: Of the respondents (n = 6310), 88% reported a family member or friend provided care as follows (in non-mutually exclusive categories): spouses (64%), friends (47%), parents (40%), siblings (31%), children (28%) or other family member (14%). Among survivors with employed caregivers (n = 4,984), 41% reported that their caregiver made a work modification; of these 57% took paid time off, 41% took unpaid time off, 4% switched from full time to part time and 3% took early retirement. Caregivers were more likely to make work modifications for survivors with low (versus high) income or education and for unemployed (versus employed) survivors. The age of the survivor was also a significant factor, with caregivers making more work modifications for younger survivors (ages 18-64) compared to older survivors (age > 65)—with ORs of caregiver work modfications increasing from 1.70 to 6.92 in a dose response by survivor age. Conclusions: Family and friends provide care to a majority of individuals with cancer and many make substantial modifications to their work—contributions which are not routinely counted in estimates of the cost of cancer care. Interventions may be warranted to support caregivers, particular those of survivors with lower income, less education and those of younger age.

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Waxman, Mayer. "Traumatic Hand-Me-Downs: The Holocaust, Where Does it End?" Families in Society: The Journal of Contemporary Social Services 81, no. 1 (February 2000): 59–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.1093.

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The author looks at children of Holocaust survivors as a distinct clinical group. These patients often display symptoms resembling those found in concentration-camp-survivor syndrome. Common symptoms include depression, anxiety, maladaptive behavior, and symptoms of personality disorder and even post traumatic stress disorder. The author reviews theories explaining the phenomenon and discusses treatment implications for both mental-health professionals and for clergy.

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Tirkey, Suman Sudha, and Rakesh Kumar Verma. "Association of Hyperglycaemia with Outcome in Critically Ill Children in Central India - A Prospective Study." Journal of Evidence Based Medicine and Healthcare 8, no. 13 (March 29, 2021): 811–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18410/jebmh/2021/159.

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BACKGROUND Hyperglycaemia is a common occurrence in children with critical illness. Several studies relate hyperglycaemia occurring during intensive care unit (ICU) admission to be associated with increased mortality. We wanted to evaluate the incidence of hyperglycaemia and its association with mortality among critically ill children. METHODS A prospective observational study was conducted among critically ill children admitted to the Paediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) of a tertiary care centre, Raipur, Chhattisgarh in central India, from 1st May 2016 to 31st October 2016. All patients aged 1 month to 14 years who were admitted in PICU during this study period (N = 113) were included. Children who were known cases of diabetes mellitus, hepatic failure or renal failure requiring dialysis and children who left against medical advice (LAMA) or died within 24 hours of admission were excluded (N = 13). Thus 100 children were included in the study. RESULTS In the study population, incidence of hyperglycaemia was 60 %; overall 37 (37 %) died and the mortality rate was significantly higher (46.6 % vs. 19.4 %) in children with hyperglycaemia than in children without hyperglycaemia. Nonsurvivors had higher mean blood glucose levels at 48 hours (218.35 ± 87.42 mg / dL) than survivors (141.12 ± 55.26 mg / dL) (P < .001). Peak blood glucose (218.35 ± 87.42 mg / dL vs. 141.12 ± 55.26 mg / dL), need for mechanical ventilation (54.5 % vs. 27.3 %), need for inotropes (76.4 % vs. 23.5 %) and Paediatric Risk of Mortality Score (PRISM) III (16.25 ± 5.46 vs. 9.06 ± 4.35) were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. On regression analysis, blood sugar at 24 hours and duration of stay were found to be significant. CONCLUSIONS In this study, in the PICU, the mortality rate was significantly higher in children with hyperglycaemia than in children without hyperglycaemia. Non-survivors had significantly higher mean blood glucose levels at 48 hours than survivors. Peak blood glucose, need for mechanical ventilation, need for inotropes and PRISM III scores were significantly higher in non-survivors than in survivors. KEYWORDS Hyperglycaemia, Critically Ill, PICU, Outcome, Mortality

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van der Kaaij, Marleen A. E., Natacha Heutte, Paul Meijnders, Edwige Abeilard-Lemoisson, Michele Spina, Lotte C. Moser, Anouk Allgeier, et al. "Parenthood in Survivors of Hodgkin Lymphoma: An EORTC-GELA General Population Case-Control Study." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 31 (November 1, 2012): 3854–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.40.8906.

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Purpose We investigated the impact of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) on parenthood, including factors influencing parenthood probability, by comparing long-term HL survivors with matched general population controls. Patients and Methods A Life Situation Questionnaire was sent to 3,604 survivors treated from 1964 to 2004 in successive clinical trials. Responders were matched with controls (1:3 or 4) for sex, country, education, and year of birth (10-year groups). Controls were given an artificial date of start of treatment equal to that of their matched case. The main end point was presence of biologic children after treatment, which was evaluated by using conditional logistic regression analysis. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze factors influencing spontaneous post-treatment parenthood. Results In all, 1,654 French and Dutch survivors were matched with 6,414 controls. Median follow-up was 14 years (range, 5 to 44 years). After treatment, the odds ratio (OR) for having children was 0.77 (95% CI, 0.68 to 0.87; P < .001) for survivors compared with controls. Of 898 survivors who were childless before treatment, 46.7% achieved post-treatment parenthood compared with 49.3% of 3,196 childless controls (OR, 0.87; P = .08). Among 756 survivors with children before treatment, 12.4% became parents after HL treatment compared with 22.2% of 3,218 controls with children before treatment (OR, 0.49; P < .001). Treatment with alkylating agents, second-line therapy, and age older than 35 years at treatment appeared to reduce the chances of spontaneous post-treatment parenthood. Conclusion Survivors of HL had slightly but significantly fewer children after treatment than matched general population controls. The difference concerned only survivors who had children before treatment and appears to have more personal than biologic reasons. The chance of successful post-treatment parenthood was 76%.

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Neuner, B., S. von Mackensen, S. Friedfeld, G. DeVeber, and U. Nowak-Göttl. "Health-related quality of life in children and adolescents with stroke, self-report and parent/proxy report: Cross sectional investigation." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72039-9.

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BackgroundAim of the present study was to assess health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) by self and proxy-parent assessment in children and adolescents who survived a first stroke episode.MethodsWe investigated HR-QoL in 133 pediatric stroke survivors (71 preschool children (G1) aged 4 to < 8 years and 62 school children/adolescents (G2) aged 8 to 21 years) and in 169 healthy controls aged 4 – 16 years. HR-QoL was assessed with the generic KINDL-R questionnaire exploring overall well-being and 6 sub-dimensions (physical well-being, psychological well-being, self-esteem, family-related well-being, friend-related well-being, and school-related well-being. Proxy-parent reports explored overall well-being and sub-dimensions. Results were compared within groups between cases and controls. In pediatric stroke survivors the neurological long-term outcome was measured with the standardized Pediatric Stroke Outcome Measure.Results65% of stroke survivors exhibited at least one motor-sensor/cognitive disability. G1 and G2 stroke survivors reported lower overall well-being compared with healthy controls. In G2 stroke survivors, friend-related well-being was significantly reduced compared with healthy controls, 85.0 vs. 73.0 points, p < 0.001. Parents/proxys of both G1 and G2 stroke survivors rated the overall well-being and all sub-dimensions (except family-related and school-related well-being and in G1 stroke survivors physical functioning) lower compared with parent/proxys of healthy children/adolescents.InpretationOur results suggest that the KINDL-R questionnaire is a useful tool in the assessment of HR-QoL in pediatric stroke survivors. Compared with healthy controls, all pediatric/adolescent stroke survivors are strongly affected regarding their overall well-being and older children/adolescents regarding their well-being with peers.

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Hans, Jason D., and Martie Gillen. "Social Security Survivors Benefits: The Effects of Reproductive Pathways and Intestacy Law on Attitudes." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 41, no. 2 (2013): 514–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12059.

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According to the Social Security Administration, 98% of minor children are eligible to receive survivors benefits if a working parent dies. However, the eligibility of children born, and even conceived, after a working parent dies is less clear. In recent years, the Social Security Administration has received more than 100 applications for survivors benefits filed on behalf of children conceived after a parent's death, and one such case, Astrue v. Capato, was heard by the U.S. Supreme Court in 2012. In that case, whether the child is eligible to inherit under state intestacy law was accepted as a reasonable — and is a common — approach for determining eligibility for Social Security survivors benefits. The purpose of this study is to examine attitudes concerning access to Social Security survivors benefits (hereafter referred to as survivors benefits) in the context of various reproductive pathways and varying state intestacy laws.

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Winther, Jeanette F., Jørgen H. Olsen, Huiyun Wu, Yu Shyr, John J. Mulvihill, Marilyn Stovall, Annelise Nielsen, Marianne Schmiegelow, and John D. Boice. "Genetic Disease in the Children of Danish Survivors of Childhood and Adolescent Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 30, no. 1 (January 1, 2012): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2011.35.0504.

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Purpose Preconception radiation and chemotherapy have the potential to produce germ cell mutations leading to genetic disease in the next generation. Dose-response relationships were evaluated between cancer treatments and untoward pregnancy outcomes. Patients and Methods A case-cohort study was conducted involving 472 Danish survivors of childhood and adolescent cancer and their 1,037 pregnancies. Adverse outcomes included 159 congenital malformations, six chromosomal abnormalities, seven stillbirths, and nine neonatal deaths. Preconception radiation doses to the gonads, uterus, and pituitary gland and administered chemotherapy were quantified based on medical records and related to adverse outcomes using a generalized estimating equation model. Results No statistically significant associations were found between genetic disease in children and parental treatment with alkylating drugs or preconception radiation doses to the testes in male and ovaries in female cancer survivors. Specifically, the risk of genetic disease was similar among the children of irradiated survivors when compared with nonirradiated survivors (relative risk [RR], 1.02; 95% CI, 0.59 to 1.44; P = .94). A statistically significant association between abdomino-pelvic irradiation and malformations, stillbirths, and neonatal deaths was not seen in the children of female survivors overall (P = .07) or in the children of mothers receiving high uterine doses (mean, 13.5 Gy; max, 100 Gy; RR, 2.3; 95% CI, 0.95 to 5.56). Conclusion Mutagenic chemotherapy and radiotherapy doses to the gonads were not associated with genetic defects in children of cancer survivors. However, larger studies need to be conducted to further explore potential associations between high-dose pelvic irradiation and specific adverse pregnancy outcomes.

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Shah, Sachin, Amita Kaul, Yogesh Jadhav, and Ganesh Shiwarkar. "Clinical outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock in critically ill children." Tropical Doctor 50, no. 3 (March 26, 2020): 186–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049475520914831.

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Information concerning the clinical outcome of severe sepsis and septic shock among the burden of tropical infections in children is limited, particularly in low-income settings. We conducted a prospective consecutive cohort study in all children aged 1 month to 16 years needing paediatric intensive care between 1 January 2017 and 31 December 2018. Demographic details, presenting symptoms and duration, associated co-morbidity and organ dysfunction were recorded. Clinical and laboratory parameters discriminating between survivors and non-survivors were evaluated. Most presented with respiratory or central nervous system derangement along with cardiovascular dysfunction. Haematological involvement was almost invariably found on diagnostic evaluation. Those children with ≥3 systems involved had higher odds of mortality. Dengue was seen in half the patients, being the commonest tropical infection. Not surprisingly, non-survivors were younger, had rapid progression of illness and needed ventilation more often within the first hour of admission. However, in multivariable regression analysis, only procalcitonin levels were associated with increased risk of mortality. We conclude that that tropical infections causing severe sepsis and septic shock are an important cause of mortality. There are, however, no clinical parameters which differentiate reliably between survivors and non-survivors.

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Satoh, Chiyoko, Norio Takahashi, Jun-ichi Asakawa, Mieko Kodaira, Rork Kuick, Samir M. Hanash, and James V. Neel. "Genetic Analysis of Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors." Environmental Health Perspectives 104 (May 1996): 511. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3432814.

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Lodha, Pragya. "Queer Children as Survivors of Child Sexual Abuse." Global Bioethics Enquiry Journal 7, no. 1 (March 1, 2019): 36. http://dx.doi.org/10.38020/gbe.7.1.2019.36-39.

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Satoh, C., N. Takahashi, J. Asakawa, M. Kodaira, R. Kuick, S. M. Hanash, and J. V. Neel. "Genetic analysis of children of atomic bomb survivors." Environmental Health Perspectives 104, suppl 3 (May 1996): 511–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.96104s3511.

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43

Lev-Wiesel, Rachel. "Abused Children of Holocaust Survivors: An Unspoken Issue." Journal of Family Social Work 3, no. 1 (August 17, 1998): 43–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/j039v03n01_04.

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Sorscher, Nechama, and Lisa J. Cohen. "Trauma in children of Holocaust survivors: Transgenerational effects." American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 67, no. 3 (1997): 493–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0080250.

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Sack, William H. "Children of Cambodia's Killing Fields: Memoirs by Survivors." Journal of Nervous & Mental Disease 186, no. 10 (October 1998): 657–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005053-199810000-00017.

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Yoshimoto, Yasuhiko. "Cancer Risk Among Children of Atomic Bomb Survivors." JAMA 264, no. 5 (August 1, 1990): 596. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jama.1990.03450050054027.

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Schull, William J. "The children of atomic bomb survivors: a synopsis." Journal of Radiological Protection 23, no. 4 (December 1, 2003): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0952-4746/23/4/r302.

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McKelvey, Robert S. "Children of Cambodia's Killing Fields: Memoirs by Survivors." Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry 37, no. 2 (February 1998): 236–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004583-199802000-00022.

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Simó-Algado, Salvador, Nina Mehta, Franciscus Kronenberg, Lynn Cockburn, and Bonnie Kirsh. "Occupational Therapy Intervention with Children Survivors of War." Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy 69, no. 4 (October 2002): 205–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000841740206900405.

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A preventive occupational therapy program with children surviving the Kosovo conflict is examined. The objective of the program was to facilitate the emotional expression of traumatic experiences in order to prevent the development of future psychological problems. The intervention was based on a community-centred approach with spirituality as a central focus of the intervention. The Model of Human Occupation and the Occupational Performance Process Model were utilized to guide the identification and intervention of occupational performance issues. The children's return from a land of war to a land of children demonstrates the potential of occupational therapy intervention in this field. With increasing awareness of populations facing social and political challenges, there is a growing importance of the concept of occupational justice and the need to work against occupational apartheid.

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Dane, Barbara Oberhofer. "Counselling bereaved middle aged children: Parental suicide survivors." Clinical Social Work Journal 19, no. 1 (March 1991): 35–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00759115.

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