Готові списки джерел за темами / Clathrate compounds

Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Clathrate compounds"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 29 січня 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Clathrate compounds":

Celli, Milva, Daniele Colognesi, Alessandra Giannasi, Lorenzo Ulivi, Marco Zoppi, Victoria Garcia Sakai, and Aníbal Javier Ramírez-Cuesta. "Simple and Binary Hydrogen Clathrate Hydrates: Synthesis and Microscopic Characterization through Neutron and Raman Scattering." Advances in Science and Technology 72 (October 2010): 196–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ast.72.196.

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The search for efficient hydrogen-storage materials has led to an increasing interest in hydrogen clathrate hydrates, since it has been demonstrated that an appreciable amount of molecular hydrogen can be stored in the water cages and released at melting. Different synthetic routes have been followed to maximize the quantity of trapped hydrogen and to speed up the kinetics of the clathrate formation. Here, we describe two different synthetic routes for the production of hydrogen clathrate hydrates. Then we present the results of inelastic neutron scattering and Raman light scattering experiments on simple (i.e. containing only hydrogen) and binary (i.e. with a second guest molecule) clathrates. For each class of compounds, we have obtained spectroscopic information on the motion of hydrogen inside the cages, on the occupancy of the cages by hydrogens, and on lattice dynamics. Finally, we have investigated the clathrate crystal stability and the hydrogen release as a function of temperature by means of neutron diffraction.

Bock, Hans, Norbert Nagel, and Peter Eller. "Wechselwirkungen in Molekülkristallen, 153 [1 - 3]. Wirt/Gast-Einschlußverbindungen von N,N'-Ditosyl-p-phenylendiamin-Derivaten: Die Kristallstrukturen von N,N'-Di(4-ethyl-benzosulfuryl)-p-phenylendiamin und seinen Aggregaten mit Aceton und Cyclopentanon / Interactions in Molecular Crystals, 153 [1 - 3]. Host/Guest-Inclusion Compounds of N,N'-Ditosyl-p-phenylenediamine Derivatives: The Crystal Structures of N,N'-Di(4-ethyl-benzosulfuryl)-p-phenylenediamine and its Aggregates with Acetone and Cyclopentanone." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 54, no. 4 (April 1, 1999): 491–500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1999-0413.

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A class of novel inclusion compounds based on the hydrogen-bonded host lattice of N,N′- ditosyl-p-phenylenediamine is the starting point for the investigation of derivatives such as N,N′- di(4-ethyl-benzosulfuryl)-p-phenylenediamine. Structures of both the guest-free compound and of its clathrates with acetone as well as cyclopentanone suggest a considerable enthalpy of formation contribution from the conformational change of the sulfonamide backbone on adaption of the guest molecules. The host channels of the N,N′-ditosyl-p-phenylenediamine inclusion compounds are compared to those of the ethyl derivative elongated by two H2C substituent units, and the crystal packing in its cyclopentanone clathrate with an unexpected type of bulged channels is emphasized.

Tsapko, Yu L. "Discussion problems of humus nature." Fundamental and Applied Soil Science 16, no. 3-4 (October 25, 2015): 83–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/041521.

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The article is based on a generalization of the author's prior research and review of scientific sources, discussion questions about the nature of humus are put and in particular the latest structural views on the structure of humus are given. Is emphasized that despite the long experience of studying soil humus question its structural buildings has not been studied. Nowadays the scientific community there are a number of different and often antagonistic hypotheses on which the structure of humus is significantly different. Based on the features of genetic connection between fulvic and humic acids, which serve as precursors of the second, examined in detail the mechanism of formation humic acid as a result Connection by transverse by chemical bonds fulvic acid cyclic compounds through reactionary groups. The model of clathrate structure of humus is proposed, which shows that it has huge molecular weight inherent megamolecules or supramolecules. Mega molecules that are linked by hydrophobic powers and mineral soil matrix serve as the next level of organization (ordering) of humus. The last one causes extreme stability of clathrate structures of humus, and their ability to provide stable soils, a kind of buffering, certain biochemical background, color and so on. It is noted that the high stability of clathrates structure of humic acids provided by the presence in their inner part of a significant number of structured water. The high stability of clathrates is also explained by the fact that they necessarily contain such an integral part of humus as humic, which is closely associated with the mineral soil matrix. This fact allows to present the clathrate structures in a general model of humus. The proposed model crown clathrate buildings of humic acids allows the display of their interaction with cations, which is the basis for assessing changes of acid-base balance of soils. Because of the inherent humic acid clathrate structure becomes clear very high resistance to water the last as well as to acid hydrolysis. Due to the high biological activity of chernozems and high content of clay minerals, and thus high content of aluminum, is not observed the increasing of acidity and mineralization of humus. In our view, the first one is because of the fact that mobile aluminum and its compounds are the part of the inner clathrates structure and lose their reactivity and are not able to acidification of the soil environment; and the second one is because of the clathrates resistance of humus. In the latter suggests the following – distinction (single) crown compounds are rather easily destroyed by microorganisms, that is due to the high microbiological activity of soils, for example in the brown soils. However, in chernozems, in similar circumstances, there is an extremely high humus resistance as to different types of hydrolysis and mineralization also. In the sod-podzolic soils and the brown soils the processes of compound crowns of fulvic acids in a complex of humic acid clathrates are slowed down. As a result, the ratio of humic acid and fulvic acid decreases, and as a rule, the soil acidity increases. The opinions on the structural organization of humus presented in article are only part of the problems. Their solving is dictated by the need for the development of modern science about soils. The other opinions in the context of the article, and in many other fields of Soil Science are extremely interesting.

Momma, Koichi. "Clathrate compounds of silica." Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter 26, no. 10 (February 19, 2014): 103203. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0953-8984/26/10/103203.

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Li, De Cong, and Hai Rong Wang. "Structural and Electrical Transport Properties of the Type-I Clathrate Phase Ba₈Ga₁₆In_xGe_30-x." Advanced Materials Research 833 (November 2013): 343–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.833.343.

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Thermoelectric (TE) devices are increasingly being seen as having the potential to make important contributions to reducing greenhouse gas emissions and providing cleaner forms of energy. A number of articles have been devoted to the thermoelectric properties of materials. From the search for novel and effective thermoelectric materials the clathrate structures has emerged as one of the most promising candidates for achieving very high thermoelectric figure of merit: ZT= α2σT/κ, where α, T, σ and κ are the Seebeck coefficient, absolute temperature, electrical conductivity, and total thermal conductivity, respectively [1]. For the past decade, caged clathrate compounds of group IV elements have attracted much attention because they would possess a low kL value as the theoretical minimum one, which results from rattling of atoms filled in their cages [2-3]. There are the type-I, type-III, and type-VIII structures in thermoelectric clathrates, but most compounds adopt type-I structure (space group No.223; Pm-3n). A large number of the type-I clathrates with the chemical formula of II8III16IV30 (II=Ba, Sr, Eu, III=Al, Ga, In, and IV= Si, Ge, Sn) have been synthesized and studied intensively [5-11], which results in relatively high ZT values such as 0.7 at 700 K for Ba8Ga16Ge30 and 0.87 at 870 K for Ba8Ga16Si30 [3]. Among type-I clathrates, a single-crystal n-type Ba8Ga16Ge30 grown using the Czochralski method with a ZT of 1.35 at 900 K is one of the most promising results [12].

Belosludov, V. R., O. S. Subbotin, D. S. Krupskii, O. V. Prokuda, R. V. Belosludov, and Y. Kawazoe. "Microscopic model of clathrate compounds." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 29 (January 1, 2006): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/29/1/001.

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Nagao, Jiro. "C151 Research on Clathrate Compounds." Proceedings of the Thermal Engineering Conference 2006 (2006): 103–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeted.2006.103.

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Donnelly, Mary-Ellen, Craig Bull, Athina Frantzana, Stefan Klotz, and John Loveday. "Hydrogen-rich Inclusion Compounds at High-pressure." Acta Crystallographica Section A Foundations and Advances 70, a1 (August 5, 2014): C754. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s2053273314092456.

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Molecular hydrogen (H2) has been proposed as an alternative fuel source for vehicles. Though H2has many benefits, such as clean combustion and the highest known energy density by mass, there are issues in how to store it in a safe and cost effective way. One solution is to store hydrogen in a chemical compound, and gas clathrates (crystalline inclusion compounds) have shown promising results. Pressure provides a powerful means to tune the properties of such compounds and its effects on potential hydrogen storage materials are widely explored. We have recently developed a hydrogen-compatible gas loader for the Paris-Edinburgh press, which enables the loading of high density hydrogen into a clamp with a sample volume suitable for neutron diffraction experiments using the Paris-Edinburgh press [1]. Neutron diffraction is the technique of choice for such materials since it can reveal the location and occupancy of the hydrogen sites. We will present recent data from high-pressure neutron diffraction experiments on hydrogen hydrates as well as other clathrate forming systems like urea and hydroquinone.

Huang, Yingying, Chongqin Zhu, Lu Wang, Xiaoxiao Cao, Yan Su, Xue Jiang, Sheng Meng, Jijun Zhao, and Xiao Cheng Zeng. "A new phase diagram of water under negative pressure: The rise of the lowest-density clathrate s-III." Science Advances 2, no. 2 (February 2016): e1501010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501010.

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Ice and ice clathrate are not only omnipresent across polar regions of Earth or under terrestrial oceans but also ubiquitous in the solar system such as on comets, asteroids, or icy moons of the giant planets. Depending on the surrounding environment (temperature and pressure), ice alone exhibits an exceptionally rich and complicated phase diagram with 17 known crystalline polymorphs. Water molecules also form clathrate compounds with inclusion of guest molecules, such as cubic structure I (s-I), cubic structure II (s-II), hexagonal structure H (s-H), tetragonal structure T (s-T), and tetragonal structure K (s-K). Recently, guest-free clathrate structure II (s-II), also known as ice XVI located in the negative-pressure region of the phase diagram of water, is synthesized in the laboratory and motivates scientists to reexamine other ice clathrates with low density. Using extensive Monte Carlo packing algorithm and dispersion-corrected density functional theory optimization, we predict a crystalline clathrate of cubic structure III (s-III) composed of two large icosihexahedral cavities (8668412) and six small decahedral cavities (8248) per unit cell, which is dynamically stable by itself and can be fully stabilized by encapsulating an appropriate guest molecule in the large cavity. A new phase diagram of water ice with TIP4P/2005 (four-point transferable intermolecular potential/2005) model potential is constructed by considering a variety of candidate phases. The guest-free s-III clathrate with ultralow density overtakes s-II and s-H phases and emerges as the most stable ice polymorph in the pressure region below −5834 bar at 0 K and below −3411 bar at 300 K.

Yan, X., E. Bauer, P. Rogl, and S. Paschen. "Influence of Sn on the structural and thermoelectric properties of the type-I clathrates Ba8Cu5Si6Ge35-xSnx (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.6)." MRS Proceedings 1490 (2013): 19–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2013.23.

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ABSTRACTOn the search for cost-competitive thermoelectric clathrates we have investigated the influence of Sn substitutions for Ge on the structural and thermoelectric properties of the type-I clathrate Ba8Cu5Si6Ge35. The solid solubility of Sn was found to be limited to 0.6 atoms per unit cell. A series of compounds with the nominal compositions Ba8Cu5Si6Ge35-xSnx (x = 0.2, 0.4, 0.6) was synthesized in a high-frequency furnace. The samples were annealed, and subsequently ball milled and hot pressed. The hot pressed samples were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and transport property measurements. Our results show that the substitution of Ge by Sn introduces vacancies at the 6d site of the type-I clathrate structure and shifts the highest dimensionless thermoelectric figure of merit ZT from 570 °C for the Sn free sample to lower temperatures. The highest figure of merit ZT = 0.42 is reached at about 320 °C for the Sn-substituted sample Ba8Cu5Si6Ge35Sn0.6.

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Дисертації з теми "Clathrate compounds":

Nohako, Kanyisa. "Immunosensors developed on clathrate platform compounds." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/4428.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
Organic noncyclic compounds were used in the development of immunosensor for rapid fish species detection. Flourene derivatives show unique chemical and physical properties because they contain a rigid planar biphenyl unit, and the facile substitution at C9 position of the flourene can improve the solubility and processability of materials containing flourene without significantly increasing of steric interactions in the compounds backbone. 9-(4- methoxyphenyl)-9H-xanthen-9-ol is bulky, rigid and has an hydroxyl moiety that may act as a hydrogen – bond donor, as well as a pyranyl oxygen which is a potential hydrogen –bond acceptor. We have successfully synthesised 9,9’-(ethyne1,2-diyl)bis(flouren-9-ol) by reflux method and 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9H-xanthen-9-ol through stirring at room temperature. The products were characterised using spectroscopic methods and were found to be both UV/Vis active (λmax = 400 nm flourene derivative and λmax = 337 nm xanthene derivative ) and fluorescent (440nm and 467nm flourene derivative and 344 and 380 xanthene derivative). These compounds were drop coated onto commercial glassy carbon electrode (GCE) to produce thin films. Scan rate dependent cyclic voltammetry (CV) confirmed the electrodynamics of the thin films to be consistent with monolayer diffusion (De = 1.37x10-21 cm2/s flourene derivative and De = 9.79x10-21 cm2/s xanthene derivative). Surface concentration was estimated to be 1.55x10-13 mol cm-2 flourene derivative and 2.00x10-13 mol cm-2. These compounds were used for the inclusion of parvalbumin antibodies immobilised onto clathrate platform by incubation and were evaluated as immunosensors for fish species identification. The antibody/antigen binding event was evaluated using UV/Vis spectroscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and atomic force microscopy (AFM). The immunosensor response to parvalbumin in real samples of snoek (an indigenous fish species), tuna, fish paste, eyeshadow, lipstick, omega 3&6 and Scott's emulsion was evaluated. The sensitivity as calculated from EIS for each immunosensor was found to be 5.36x104 flourene derivative immunosensor and 4,11x104 xanthene derivative immunosensor and the detection limit of 1.50 pg/ml flourene derivative immunosensor and 2.42 pg/ml xanthene derivative immunosensor. The antibody/antigen binding was monitored as decrease in charge transfer resistance and increase in capacitance by EIS. The interfacial kinetics of the immunosensors were modelled as equivalent electrical circuit based on EIS data. The UV/Vis spectroscopy was used to confirm the binding of the antibody/antigen in solution by monitoring the intensity of the absorption peak.

Bentien, Anders [Verfasser]. "Transport and magnetic properties of rare-earth containing clathrates and clathrate-like compounds / Anders Bentien." Aachen : Shaker, 2005. http://d-nb.info/1181619599/34.

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Harvey, Grant Andrew. "Structure and reactivity of diol host-guest compounds." Master's thesis, University of Cape Town, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17286.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The crystal structures of trans-9, 10-dihydroxy-9, 10-diphenyl-9, 10- dihydroanthracene with various guest molecules have been determined by X-ray diffraction. The guests were 2-butanone, 4-vinylpyridine, 4-methylpyridine and 2-methylpyridine. The host to guest ratios were determined by microanalysis and density measurements. The change of the overall host lattice structure upon guest release was studied by X-ray powder diffraction. The thermal characteristics of the compounds were studied using thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Guest desorption from three of the four compounds occurred in a single step whereupon the host framework collapsed back to the guest-free structure. The compound containing 4-methylpyridine, released the guest molecules in a two-step process. Evidence of a new host phase was identified from the XRD pattern of this intermediate phase. On further guest release, the intermediate phase converted to the guest-free host structure. In an attempt to reconcile thermodynamics with structure, the correlation between hydrogen bond length and guest desorption enthalpy was investigated.

Lavelle, Laurence. "Selective criteria in Werner clathrates." Thesis, University of Cape Town, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/23608.

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We have elucidated the structures of a series of Werner Clathrates with systematically changing guest molecules. The host is the inorganic coordination compound bis(isothiocyanato)tetra(4-vinylpyridine)nickel(II), [Ni(NCS)2(4-ViPy)4]. The guests are mixtures of tetrahydrofuran and the cyclic hydrocarbons: cyclohexane, cyclohexene, 1,3-cYclohexadiene, 1,4-cyclohexadiene and benzene. Host to guest ratios were elucidated by density and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The thermal characteristics of the compounds were analysed by thermogravimetric analysis and differen.tial thermal analysis. The structures of two related compounds [Ni(NCS)2(Py)4] and [Ni(NCS)2(Py)4].nbenzene were also studied.

Dahn, Douglas Charles. "Low temperature specific heat of LixNbS2 intercalation compounds." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/25563.

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This thesis describes a study of the low temperature specific heat of LiⅹNbS₂, where x is between 0 and 1. Samples were prepared by intercalating lithium into niobium disulfide in electrochemical cells. Structural data obtained by x-ray diffraction are presented. These, together with electrochemical measurements, show that staged phases exist for some values of x. The electronic specific heat of LiⅹNbS₂, is consistent with complete charge transfer from the intercalated lithium to the bands of the NbS2 host. The lattice specific heat also shows large changes as a function of x. A discussion of the data in terms of continuum elasticity theory suggests that intercalation produces large changes in the shear elastic constant C₄₄ . A brief discussion of superconductivity in LiⅹNbS₂, is also included.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate

Sayed, Amina. "Synergistic effects in clathrate selectivity." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/747.

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Thesis (MTech (Chemistry))-- Cape Peninsula University Technology, 2012
The inclusion behaviour of a series of hydroxyl hosts with a variety of liquid guests has been investigated. The host 9-(4-methoxyphenyl)-9H-xanthen-9-ol (A1), C20H16O3, forms inclusion compounds with aniline (ANI), 3-picoline (3PIC), morpholine (MORPH), Nmethylacetamide (NMA) and N-methylformamide (NMF). Their structures have been elucidated and correlated with their thermal behaviour. The inclusion compounds A1ANI and A1MORPH were successfully solved in space group P21/c, whereas A13PIC was solved in 𝑃ī. Non-isothermal kinetics of desolvation were performed for A13PIC and A1MORPH. The packing of A13PIC and A1MORPH is characterized by (Host)(Guest) hydrogen bonds, whereas A1ANI is stabilised by (Host)(Host) hydrogen bonding. Three structures were obtained for the host A1 and the guest N-methylacetamide, with structural formulas of C20H16O3 C3H7NO (A1NMA), C20H16O3 2C3H7NO (A12NMA) and 2C20H16O3 2C3H7NO (2A12NMA). The packing of A1NMA, A12NMA and 2A12NMA are characterized by (Host)-OHO-(Guest) and (Guest)-NHO-(Guest) hydrogen bonds, which gave hydrogen bonding patterns of 𝐶2 2(7), 𝐶3 3(11) and 𝐶4 2(11) respectively. The hydrate A1NMFH2O was successfully solved in the triclinic space group 𝑃ī. The A1NMFH2O hydrogen bond pattern may be described according to Etter’s notation as 𝑅4 2(8) and 𝑅6 6(16). The host 9-(3-methoxyphenyl)-9H-xanthen-9-ol (A2), C20H16O3, forms inclusion compounds with morpholine (A2MORPH), N-methylacetamide (A2NMA) and N-methylformamide (A2NMF), with host-guest ratios 1:1. The crystal structure of the apohost was solved in Pbca with Z=8. The structures of A2MORPH and A2NMF were solved in 𝑃ī, whereas A2NMA was solved in P21/n. The packing of these structures is stabilised by (Host)(Guest) hydrogen bonds. The host 5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ol (A26), C22H18O2, forms inclusion compounds with aniline (A26ANI) and morpholine (A26MORPH). A26MORPH and A26ANI crystallised in the space groups Pc and 𝑃ī respectively. The packing of these structures are characterized by (Host)-OHO-(Host) hydrogen bonding. A guest exchange reaction was performed. The host compounds 5-(4-chlorophenyl)-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ol (C21H15OCl), 5-[3(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ol (C22H15OF3) and 5-(naphthalen-1-yl)-5H-dibenzo[a,d]cyclohepten-5-ol (C25H18O) form inclusion compounds with morpholine. All three structures were solved in 𝑃ī with the host molecules hydrogen bonded to the morpholine guests.

Peek, Mary Elizabeth. "Crystal structures of DNA*bis-intercalator complexes." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/27122.

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Jin, Pei-Wen. "Synthesis and Structure of Polynitro- and Polymenthylpolycyclic "Cage" Monomers and Polymers." Thesis, North Texas State University, 1987. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc332109/.

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The objective of this study was to synthesize and characterize new energetic polycyclic "cage" compounds. As part of a program involved in the synthesis of new polynitropolycyclic compounds, 2,6-dinitro-5-methoxy- 7-carbomethoxypentacyclo[5. 3 .0 . 0* • * . CP • i ° . 0* •8]decane has been synthesized. This is a model system which can be used to study (1) the effect of nitro substitution on the photolability of carbon-carbon double bonds and (2) to develop methods for avoiding Haller-Bauer cleavage in cage /3-keto esters when synthesizing polynitro-substituted cage compounds.

Taylor, Michael William. "Structures of Werner clathrates." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/22139.

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This work is predominantly devoted to the 4-phenylpyridine ligand and the role that it plays in the formation of a series of inorganic coordination complexes termed Werner Clathrates. The synthesis and characterization by single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques are reported for 18 structures, the majority of which, upon crystallization, have the ability to include solvent or guest molecules within the host framework. The compounds are divided into four broad classes with the host complex of each as follows: Class A [Ni(NCS)₂(4-PhPy)₄]; Class B [NiCl₂(4-PhPy)₄]; Class c [Ni(NCS)₂(4-MePy)₂(4-PhPy)₂]; Class D [NiX₂(dmso)₂(4-PhPy)₂] where X= Ncs- or Cland [Ni(NCS)₂(4-RPy)₄] where R = 4-t-Bu or 4-Bz. The guest molecules, anionic ligand and substituent on the pyridine ligand have all been varied to try to establish the role that they each play in the formation of a structure. Much effort has been spent on the location and refinement of disordered guest molecules. Use has been made of statistical disorder and molecular scattering factors to try and successfully model these guests. The shapes of the cavities containing the guest molecules have been mapped by volume calculations and comparisons made between the packing of the compounds. Several of the complexes pack in space groups which are subsets of others and attempts have been made to determine the cause of the reduction in symmetry. A new technique to analyze competition experiments, with two guest solvents competing for occupation of the voids within the host lattice, has been established. Preliminary results for competition between p-xylene/benzene, p-xylene/toluene and p-xylene/ethylbenzene with the host complex [Ni(NCS)₂(4-ViPy)₄] are reported. The ability of the host complex [Ni(NCS)₂(4-MePy)₂(4-PhPy)₂] to separate a series of straight chain alcohols is demonstrated. The preference, by this host complex, for guest molecules containing a linear skeleton of 5 non-hydrogen atoms, is explained in terms of potential energy and residual volume calculations. Thermal analysis, consisting of thermogravimetry and differential thermal analysis, has been performed on several of the compounds. Temperatures of guest release, host decomposition and the enthalpies involved at each of these steps are reported.

Moore, Madeleine Henrietta. "Structure-activity relationships in Werner clathrates." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/17038.

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Includes bibliographical references.
The synthesis and characterization of a series of inorganic coordination compounds which, upon crystallization, have the ability to include solvent or guest molecules spatially within the lattice are reported. The compounds have the following general formula: [NiX2B4] - where X is isothiocyanate or bromine and B is 4-ethylpyridine, 4-vinylpiridine or 3,5-dimethylpyridine; [NiX2B2]n - where X is isothiocyanate, B is 2-aminopyridine and n indicates it is a polymer; [NiX2AB2]2 - where X is isothiocyanate, B is 3-aminopyridine (two of these four ligands in the dimer are bridging) and A is water. The various guest molecules have been carefully chosen, according to their point symmetry, which is a key factor in yielding structures of a particular type. The structures of seventeen compounds have been elucidated by single crystal x-ray analysis. The difficulty has been found to lie in refining disordered guest molecules. Other techniques employed in the initial characterization of these compounds are Microanalysis, Mass Spectrometry and UV/Visible Spectrophotometry. An intramolecular potential energy study on the [Ni(NCS)2(3,5-diMepy)4] complex reveals that the orthohydrogens on the 3,5-dimethylpyridine ligands control the conformation of the molecule. Packing densities and volume comparisons of the [Ni(NCS)2(4-Etpy)4] and [Ni(NCS)2(4-Vipy)4] complexes and their clathrates have been carried out. The exact sizes and shapes of the cavities in which the guest molecules are located in the x-ray crystal structures have been evaluated by both intermolecular potential energy and molecular volume calculations. Thermodynamic and spectroscopic properties of the [Ni(NCS)2(4-Etpy)4] and [Ni(NCS)2(4-Vipy)4] clathrates have been studied in both solution and the solid state. The techniques used are x-ray powder diffractometry, IR spectroscopy and Thermogravimetry (including Differential Thermal Analysis).

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Книги з теми "Clathrate compounds":

Sloan, E. Dendy. Clathrate hydrates of natural gases. 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, 2007.

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Sloan, E. Dendy. Clathrate hydrates of natural gases. New York: M. Dekker, 1990.

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Sloan, E. Dendy. Clathrate hydrates of natural gases. 2nd ed. New York: Marcel Dekker, 1998.

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W, Müller-Warmuth, and Schöllhorn R, eds. Progress in intercalation research. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic, 1994.

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Belosludov, V. R. Teoreticheskie modeli klatratoobrazovanii͡a︡. Novosibirsk: "Nauka," Sibirskoe otd-nie, 1991.

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International Seminar on Inclusion Compounds (9th 2003 Novosibirsk, Russia). IXth International Seminar on Inclusion Compounds, (ISIC-9): Dedicated to the memory of Professor Yu.A. Dyadin: program, abstracts, list of participants. Edited by Di︠a︡din I︠U︡ A, Rodionova T. V, and Institut neorganicheskoĭ khimii (Rossiĭskai︠a︡ akademii︠a︡ nauk). Novosibirsk: In-t neorganicheskoĭ khimii, 2003.

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Proń, Adam. Oxidative intercalation in selected low dimensional systems. Warszawa: Wydawn. Politechniki Warszawskiej, 1987.

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Sei-ichi, Tanuma, and Kamimura Hiroshi 1930-, eds. Graphite intercalation compounds: Progress of research in Japan. Singapore: World Scientific, 1985.

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Emerya, Nicolas. Superconducting intercalated graphite. Hauppauge, N.Y: Nova Science Publishers, 2008.

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Z, Voloshin Yan, Kostromina N. A, and Krämer Roland, eds. Clathrochelates: Synthesis, structure, and properties. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 2002.

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Частини книг з теми "Clathrate compounds":

Dyadin, Yu A. "Constitution and Stability of Clathrate Hydrates." In Crystallography of Supramolecular Compounds, 223–41. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1692-0_13.

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Zubkus, Vladimir E., Evaldas E. Tornau, and Vladimir R. Belosludov. "Theoretic Physicochemical Problems of Clathrate Compounds." In Advances in Chemical Physics, 269–359. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470141380.ch4.

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Yamanaka, Shoji, Hitoshi Kawaji, and Mitsuo Ishikawa. "Preparation and Superconductivity of New Silicon Clathrate Compounds." In Advances in Superconductivity VIII, 419–24. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-66871-8_91.

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Yoshida, Noboru, Akitoshi Seiyama, and Masatoshi Fujimoto. "Thermodynamic Parameters for the Molecular Inclusion Reactions of Some AZO Compounds with α-Cyclodextrin." In Clathrate Compounds, Molecular Inclusion Phenomena, and Cyclodextrins, 573–81. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5376-5_61.

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Harata, K., K. Uekama, M. Otagiri, and F. Hirayama. "Crystal Structures of Cyclodextrin Complexes with Chiral Molecules." In Clathrate Compounds, Molecular Inclusion Phenomena, and Cyclodextrins, 583–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-5376-5_62.

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Kim, Chang Oh, Jin Heung Kim, and Nak Kyu Chung. "A Study on Supercooling Characteristics of Clathrate Compounds with Concentration of TMA." In Materials Science Forum, 645–48. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-431-6.645.

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Yamanaka, Shoji. "High Pressure Synthesis of Superconducting Silicon Clathrates and Related Compounds." In The Physics and Chemistry of Inorganic Clathrates, 193–226. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-9127-4_7.

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Kim, Chang Oh, Jin Heung Kim, and Nak Kyu Chung. "A Study on the Cooling Characteristics of TMA Clathrate Compound with Additives." In Experimental Mechanics in Nano and Biotechnology, 1275–78. Stafa: Trans Tech Publications Ltd., 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/0-87849-415-4.1275.

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Atwood, Jerry L. "Inclusion (Clathrate) Compounds." In Encyclopedia of Physical Science and Technology, 717–29. Elsevier, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-227410-5/00334-3.

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Lipkowski, Janusz, and Andrey Yu Manakov. "Clathrate Hydrates." In Handbook of Research on Water Sciences and Society, 210–21. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7356-3.ch009.

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Анотація:

Water is a mysterious substance; being hydrophilic (by definition), it can capture hydrophobic or hydrophobic-hydrophilic species forming different kinds of hydrate inclusion compounds. Hydrate inclusion compounds can be formed by a variety of molecules and molecular associates, which are commonly referred to as guests. Common to all these compounds is the presence of a more or less complex framework built of hydrogen-bonded water molecules. This framework is commonly referred to as the host framework. The chapter deals with two major issues associated with clathration of natural methane by water: (1) possible uses and state of the art in methane hydrate exploitation and (2) disaster risks associated with possible eruptions of methane from submarine deposits being the major component of natural methane stored on Earth.

Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Clathrate compounds":

Sakamoto, Hirokazu. "NMR studies of silicon clathrate compounds." In NANONETWORK MATERIALS: Fullerenes, Nanotubes, and Related Systems. AIP, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1420161.

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Anno, H., H. Fukushima, K. Koga, K. Okita, and K. Matsubara. "Effect of Guest Substitution on Thermoelectric Properties of Clathrate Compounds." In 2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict.2006.331264.

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Bobev, Svilen, John Meyers, Veronika Fritsch, and Yuki Yamasaki. "Synthesis and structural characterization of novel clathrate-II compounds of silicon." In 2006 25th International Conference on Thermoelectrics. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict.2006.331267.

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Anno, H., K. Suzuki, K. Koga, and K. Matsubara. "Effect of Au substitution on thermoelectric properties of silicon clathrate compounds." In 2007 26th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict.2007.4569465.

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Watanabe, T., T. Moriyasu, H. Okamura, K. Suekuni, T. Onimaru, T. Takabatake, and T. Kohmoto. "Spatial and temporal dynamics of thermal and carrier diffusions in clathrate compounds." In 2013 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cleopr.2013.6600587.

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Anno, H., M. Hokazono, H. Takakura, and K. Matsubara. "Thermoelectric properties of BasAu/sub x/Ge/sub 46-x/ clathrate compounds." In ICT 2005. 24th International Conference on Thermoelectrics, 2005. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict.2005.1519898.

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Jung-Hwan Kim, Norihiko L. Okamoto, Kyosuke Kishida, Katsushi Tanaka, and Haruyuki Inui. "Crystal structure and atomic vibration of Ba-Ge based type-III clathrate compounds." In 2007 26th International Conference on Thermoelectrics (ICT 2007). IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ict.2007.4569462.

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Watanabe, T., T. Moriyasu, H. Okamura, K. Suekuni, T. Onimaru, T. Takabatake, and T. Kohmoto. "Direct Observation of the Spatial and Temporal Dynamics of Thermal Diffusion in Clathrate Compounds." In CLEO: Applications and Technology. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/cleo_at.2012.jw2a.13.

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Acharya, Palash V., Denise Lin, and Vaibhav Bahadur. "Mechanisms Underlying Foam-Based Electronucleation of Hydrates." In ASME 2018 16th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2018-7721.

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Nucleation of clathrate hydrates at low temperatures is constrained by very long induction (wait) times, which can range from hours to days. Electronucleation (application of an electrical potential difference across the hydrate forming solution) can significantly reduce the induction time. This work studies the use of porous open-cell foams of various materials as electronucleation electrodes. Experiments with tetrahydrofuran (THF) hydrates reveal that aluminum and carbon foam electrodes can enable voltage-dependent nucleation, with induction times dependent on the ionization tendency of the foam material. Furthermore, we observe a non-trivial dependence of the electronucleation parameters such as induction time and the recalescence temperature on the water:THF molar ratio. This study further corroborates previously developed hypotheses which associated rapid hydrate nucleation with the formation of metal-ion coordination compounds. Overall, this work studies various aspects of electronucleation with aluminum and carbon foams.

Aregbe, Azeez Gbenga, and Ayoola Idris Fadeyi. "A Comprehensive Review on CO2/N2 Mixture Injection for Methane Gas Recovery in Hydrate Reservoirs." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207092-ms.

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Abstract Clathrate hydrates are non-stoichiometric compounds of water and gas molecules coexisting at relatively low temperatures and high pressures. The gas molecules are trapped in cage-like structures of the water molecules by hydrogen bonds. There are several hydrate deposits in permafrost and oceanic sediments with an enormous amount of energy. The energy content of methane in hydrate reservoirs is considered to be up to 50 times that of conventional petroleum resources, with about 2,500 to 20,000 trillion m3 of methane gas. More than 220 hydrate deposits in permafrost and oceanic sediments have been identified to date. The exploration and production of these deposits to recover the trapped methane gas could overcome the world energy challenges and create a sustainable energy future. Furthermore, global warming is a major issue facing the world at large and it is caused by greenhouse gas emissions such as carbon dioxide. As a result, researchers and organizations have proposed various methods of reducing the emission of carbon dioxide gas. One of the proposed methods is the geological storage of carbon dioxide in depleted oil and gas reservoirs, oceanic sediments, deep saline aquifers, and depleted hydrate deposits. Studies have shown that there is the possibility of methane gas production and carbon dioxide storage in hydrate reservoirs using the injection of carbon dioxide and nitrogen gas mixture. However, the conventional hydrocarbon production methods cannot be used for the hydrate reservoirs due to the nature of these reservoirs. In addition, thermal stimulation and depressurization are not effective methods for methane gas production and carbon sequestration in hydrate-bearing sediments. Therefore, the gas replacement method for methane production and carbon dioxide storage in clathrate hydrate is investigated in this paper. The research studies (experiments, modeling/simulation, and field tests) on CO2/N2 gas mixture injection for the optimization of methane gas recovery in hydrate reservoirs are reviewed. It was discovered that the injection of the gas mixture enhanced the recovery process by replacing methane gas in the small and large cages of the hydrate. Also, the presence of N2 molecules significantly increased fluid injectivity and methane recovery rate. In addition, a significant amount of free water was not released and the hydrate phase was stable during the replacement process. It is an effective method for permanent storage of carbon dioxide in the hydrate layer. However, further research studies on the effects of gas composition, particle size, and gas transport on the replacement process and swapping rate are required.