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Статті в журналах з теми "Commercial bumblebee production":
1
Bushmann, Sara L., Francis A. Drummond, Lee A. Beers, and Eleanor Groden. "Wild Bumblebee (Bombus) Diversity andNosema(Microsporidia: Nosematidae) Infection Levels Associated with Lowbush Blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) Production and Commercial Bumblebee Pollinators." Psyche: A Journal of Entomology 2012 (2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/429398.
Анотація:
The primary objective was to determine if the prevalence ofNosema bombiinfection is higher for wild bumblebees (Bombusspp.) caught in lowbush blueberry growing areas with a history of commercial bumblebee use than for bumblebees caught in areas without a history of commercial bumblebee use. Additionally, we wished to determine relativeBombusspecies abundances and diversity in blueberry growing regions. Over two years we caught, identified to species, and dissected 767 bumblebees. Light microscopy revealed overall infection levels of 5.48%. The history of commercial bumblebee use had no relation to infection levels. Bumblebee species diversity and field location had significant relationships to infection (r2adjusted = 0.265; species diversityF(1,22)=6.848,P=0.016; field regionF(1,22)=5.245,P=0.032). The absence or presence of one species,Bombus terricola, appears to determine the relationship between species diversity and infection. The data showB. terricoladecline in sampled regions and almost half of the collectedB. terricolawere infected withNosema. The commercial species,B. impatiens, shows an increase in abundance, but with a 6.9% proportion infection. Molecular confirmation of the infecting species was ambiguous, suggesting a need for future clarification of the infecting species.
2
Reynaldi, FJ, GH Sguazza, FJ Albicoro, MR Pecoraro, and CM Galosi. "First molecular detection of co-infection of honey bee viruses in asymptomatic Bombus atratus in South America." Brazilian Journal of Biology 73, no. 4 (November 2013): 797–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1519-69842013000400016.
Анотація:
Pollination is critical for food production and has the particularity of linking natural ecosystems with agricultural production systems. Recently, losses of bumblebee species have been reported worldwide. In this study, samples from a commercial exploitation of bumblebees of Argentina with a recent history of deaths were studied using a multiplex PCR for the detection of the honey bee viruses most frequently detected in South America. All samples analysed were positive for co-infections with Deformed wing virus, Black queen cell virus and Sacbrood virus. This is the first report of infection of Bombus atratus with honey bee viruses. A better understanding of viral infections in bumblebees and of the epidemiology of viruses could be of great importance as bumblebees can serve as possible viral reservoirs, resulting in pathogen spillover towards honey bees and native bumblebees.
3
Nichols, Rachel N., Dave Goulson, and John M. Holland. "The best wildflowers for wild bees." Journal of Insect Conservation 23, no. 5-6 (September 28, 2019): 819–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10841-019-00180-8.
Анотація:
Abstract Governmental agri-environment schemes (AES) aim to improve pollinator abundance and diversity on farmland by sowing wildflower seed mixes. These often contain high proportions of Fabaceae, particularly Trifolium (clovers), which are attractive to some bumblebee species, but not to most of the ~ 240 solitary bee species in the UK. Here we identify wildflowers that are attractive to a greater range of wild bee species. Forty-five wildflower species being farmed for commercial seed production on a single farm were surveyed for native bees. Bee walks were conducted through discrete wildflower areas from April until August in 2018. The results indicate that including a range of Apiaceae, Asteraceae, and Geraniaceae in seed mixes would cater for a wide diversity of bee species. A total of 14 wildflower species across nine families attracted 37 out of the 40 bee species recorded on the farm, and accounted for 99.7% of all visitations. Only two of these 14 species are included in current AES pollinator mixes. Unexpectedly, few visits were made by bumblebees to Trifolium spp. (0.5%), despite their being considered an important food source for bumblebees, while Anthyllis vulneraria and Geranium pratense were highly attractive. For solitary bees, Crepis capillaris, Sinapsis arvensis, Convolvulus arvensis and Chaerophyllum temulum were amongst the best performing species, none of which are usually included in sown flower mixes. We suggest that the standard ‘pollinator’ mixes used in AES might be updated to include some of these wildflower species, and trialled as seed mixes on farmland.
4
Hingston, A. B., B. M. Potts, and P. B. McQuillan. "The swift parrot Lathamus discolor (Psittacidae), social bees (Apidae), and native insects as pollinators of Eucalyptus globulus ssp. globulus (Myrtaceae)." Australian Journal of Botany 52, no. 3 (2004): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt03018.
Анотація:
It has been argued that the production of sufficient nectar to attract bird pollinators would evolve if the fitness benefits accruing from pollination services by birds, compared with insects, outweighed the cost of increased allocation of photosynthate to nectar. This hypothesis implies that the pollination services provided by birds must be considerably better than those provided by insects with which the plant has evolved. Consistent with this, we found that the endangered native swift parrot Lathamus discolor (Shaw) was a very effective pollinator of the native tree Eucalyptus globulus Labill. in Tasmania, facilitating an average of 76% of the maximum possible seed set for open-pollinated flowers in just one visit to a flower, whereas single flower visits by native insects did not facilitate any seed production. Flowers visited once by either species of introduced social bees, the honeybee Apis mellifera L. or the bumblebee Bombus terrestris (L.), produced less than 7% of the maximum possible seed set for open-pollinated flowers. Hence, easily managed social bees appear to be poor substitutes for bird pollinators in commercial seed orchards of this tree. We propose three possible reasons why this largely bird-pollinated tree has not evolved characters that deter insects from removing nectar.
5
Robinson, Richard W. "Breeding Tomatoes for Attractiveness to Pollinating Insects." HortScience 30, no. 4 (July 1995): 797C—797. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.30.4.797c.
Анотація:
Bumblebees are commercially used to improve fruit set of greenhouse tomatoes, but they seldom pollinate tomatoes outdoors if not confined in a no-choice situation. Bumblebees frequently pollinated L. peruvianum and other self-incompatible (SI) Lycopersicon species, but not tomato plants, in the field at Geneva, N.Y. Bumblebees were very efficient pollinators of Sl Lycopersicon species, averaging only 5 s to pollinate one flower and fly to the next. Transfer of this attractiveness to pollinating insects to the tomato could improve fruit set of tomatoes grown in greenhouses with introduced bumblebees. It could also improve fruit set in the field, especially when conditions are poor for pollination. It has potential use for producing F1 hybrid seed, but associated problems make hybrid tomato seed production by insect pollination impractical now. Attractiveness to pollinating insects is being introgressed from L. peruvianum, L. hirsutum, and L. pennellii in the tomato breeding program at Geneva, N.Y. Several floral characteristics were found to be of importance for attracting pollinators, including the reaction to ultraviolet light. Flowers of SI species absorbed UV, whereas tomato flowers reflected UV light.
6
Manic, Marija, Bosiljka Djuricic, and Z. Raicevic. "Tropilaelaps of bees - epizootiological picture with special emphasis on the first description of the parasite in bumblebees and bees in Serbia." Veterinarski glasnik 68, no. 5-6 (2014): 371–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vetgl1406371m.
Анотація:
Honey bees are the most significant pollinators of plants worlwide. Importance of plant pollination widely exceeds all other economic benefits of modern beekeeping such as production of honey, Royal jelly, propolis, beeswax, honeybee venom etc. The issues concerning bees diseases are of extreme importance in modern commercial beekeeping. That especially regards to the fact that the number of disease agents in bees has considerably increased in recent decades. Using international transport, export or import of bees and their products, the possibility of entering various agents (parasites, bacterias, viruses and fungi) into bee colonies. In recent years one of the biggest problems in beekeeping in Asia has become tropilaelaps - ectoparasitic bee disease caused by mites of the genus Tropilaelaps. But because of prevalent interest in parasites Varroa destructor and Acarapis woodi, the threat of mites from Tropileaps family has not been familiar for a long period of time. Today, Tropilaelaps is on the list of diseases endangering the whole world, made by OIE. There is a real risk of its spreading, mostly through trade, that is import of bees, swarms, queen bees, bee products and equipment. In the Republic of Serbia, this disease was described for the first time in April-May 1981 in bumblebees and bees in which a mass infestation with until then unknown parasites was detected. By additional analysis there was found out that the parasite in question was from Laelapidae (Mesostigmata) family, Tropilaelaps.
7
Hambalko, Jaroslav, Peter Gajdoš, Jean-Marc Nicaud, Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro, Michal Tupec, Iva Pichová, and Milan Čertík. "Production of Long Chain Fatty Alcohols Found in Bumblebee Pheromones by Yarrowia lipolytica." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 8 (January 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.593419.
Анотація:
Fatty alcohols (FA-OH) are aliphatic unbranched primary alcohols with a chain of four or more carbon atoms. Besides potential industrial applications, fatty alcohols have important biological functions as well. In nature, fatty alcohols are produced as a part of a mixture of pheromones in several insect species, such as moths, termites, bees, wasps, etc. In addition, FA-OHs have a potential for agricultural applications, for example, they may be used as a suitable substitute for commercial insecticides. The insecticides have several drawbacks associated with their preparation, and they exert a negative impact on the environment. Currently, pheromone components are prepared mainly through the catalytic hydrogenation of plant oils and petrochemicals, which is an unsustainable, ecologically unfriendly, and highly expensive process. The biotechnological production of the pheromone components using engineered microbial strains and through the expression of the enzymes participating in the biosynthesis of these components is a promising approach that ensures ecological sustenance as well. The present study was aimed at evaluating the production of FA-OHs in the oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, with different lengths of fatty-acyl chains by expressing the fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) BlapFAR4 from B. lapidarius, producing C16:0-OH, C16:1Δ9-OH, and lower quantities of both C14:0-OH and C18:1Δ9-OH, and BlucFAR1 from B. lucorum, producing FA-OHs with a chain length of 18–26 carbon atoms, in this yeast. Among the different novel Y. lipolytica strains used in the present study, the best results were obtained with JMY7086, which carried several lipid metabolism modifications and expressed the BlucFAR1 gene under the control of a strong constitutive promoter 8UAS-pTEF. JMY7086 produced only saturated fatty alcohols with chain lengths from 18 to 24 carbon atoms. The highest titer and accumulation achieved were 166.6 mg/L and 15.6 mg/g DCW of fatty alcohols, respectively. Unlike JMY7086, the BlapFAR4-expressing strain JMY7090 produced only 16 carbon atom-long FA-OHs with a titer of 14.6 mg/L.
8
Hambalko, Jaroslav, Peter Gajdoš, Jean-Marc Nicaud, Rodrigo Ledesma-Amaro, Michal Tupec, Iva Pichová, and Milan Čertík. "Production of Long Chain Fatty Alcohols Found in Bumblebee Pheromones by Yarrowia lipolytica." Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology 8 (January 8, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2020.593419.
Анотація:
Fatty alcohols (FA-OH) are aliphatic unbranched primary alcohols with a chain of four or more carbon atoms. Besides potential industrial applications, fatty alcohols have important biological functions as well. In nature, fatty alcohols are produced as a part of a mixture of pheromones in several insect species, such as moths, termites, bees, wasps, etc. In addition, FA-OHs have a potential for agricultural applications, for example, they may be used as a suitable substitute for commercial insecticides. The insecticides have several drawbacks associated with their preparation, and they exert a negative impact on the environment. Currently, pheromone components are prepared mainly through the catalytic hydrogenation of plant oils and petrochemicals, which is an unsustainable, ecologically unfriendly, and highly expensive process. The biotechnological production of the pheromone components using engineered microbial strains and through the expression of the enzymes participating in the biosynthesis of these components is a promising approach that ensures ecological sustenance as well. The present study was aimed at evaluating the production of FA-OHs in the oleaginous yeast, Yarrowia lipolytica, with different lengths of fatty-acyl chains by expressing the fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) BlapFAR4 from B. lapidarius, producing C16:0-OH, C16:1Δ9-OH, and lower quantities of both C14:0-OH and C18:1Δ9-OH, and BlucFAR1 from B. lucorum, producing FA-OHs with a chain length of 18–26 carbon atoms, in this yeast. Among the different novel Y. lipolytica strains used in the present study, the best results were obtained with JMY7086, which carried several lipid metabolism modifications and expressed the BlucFAR1 gene under the control of a strong constitutive promoter 8UAS-pTEF. JMY7086 produced only saturated fatty alcohols with chain lengths from 18 to 24 carbon atoms. The highest titer and accumulation achieved were 166.6 mg/L and 15.6 mg/g DCW of fatty alcohols, respectively. Unlike JMY7086, the BlapFAR4-expressing strain JMY7090 produced only 16 carbon atom-long FA-OHs with a titer of 14.6 mg/L.
Дисертації з теми "Commercial bumblebee production":
1
Sundblad, Frida. "The relationship between the prevalence of ten known pathogens in wild swedish bees and the presence of a nearby apiary." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för medicinsk cellbiologi, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-445973.
Анотація:
Pollination by insects is of great importance for the global food production. There is a specific need for pollination by bees in greenhouses and tunnel cultivations to increase the quantity, quality and market value of the crops. Imported bee colonies from central Europe are used for pollination of Swedish crops and have a great economic importance but are also a threat to wild Swedish bees by posing a risk of pathogen transmission between the bee species. The aim of this study was to investigate how imported bees affect the prevalence of pathogens amongst wild bees. Analysis was performed on 236 wild bees collected in near proximity to tunnel cultivation, greenhouse cultivation and collected from two control landscapes. The abdomen of the bees was used to extract RNA/DNA for further detection and quantification of ten pathogens using qPCR. The proportion of infected bees within each group was calculated based on the results from the qPCR analysis. A two-proportion z-test was used to determine whether the difference in pathogen prevalence between the four groups was of statistically significant at α = 0.05. The results show that there was no significant difference when comparing the presence of all pathogens between bees in the test groups and the bees in the control groups (p= 0,29- 0,33). However, the prevalence of three viruses was significantly higher among bees collected in the near proximity of a greenhouse compared with bees collected from the near proximity of a tunnel cultivation (p< 0,003). For Slow bee paralysis virus the prevalence was 2,5 times higher and for Deformed wing virus and Black queen cell virus the prevalence was 3,5 and 1,3 times higher among bees collected near a greenhouses compared to near a tunnel cultivation.