Дисертації: "Community composts"

1

Kohli, Alice. "Effets de composts autoproduits et d'un biochar sur le transfert d'éléments trace dans des légumes de jardins familiaux modérément contaminés." Thesis, Rennes, Agrocampus Ouest, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NSARD098.

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Les jardins familiaux ont souvent été installés sur des sols urbains sans évaluation préalable du risque sanitaire. Le diagnostic de contamination du sol par des éléments trace comme le plomb (Pb) peut compromettre la poursuite du jardinage. Pour éviter un changement d’usage, l’apport au sol de compost industriel peut être efficace mais le potentiel des composts autoproduits par les jardiniers eux-mêmes doit être évalué. Ce travail de thèse a eu pour premier objectif d’analyser les pratiques de compostage dans les jardins familiaux et sélectionner des composts autoproduits différents en termes de propriétés biochimiques et de contenu en éléments trace. Les pratiques de compostage et la qualité des composts sont très variables. Les composts autoproduits au jardin (domestiques)sont généralement pauvres en matière organique et parfois contaminéscontrairement aux composts autoproduits en pied d’immeuble ou en restauration (collectifs) également utilisés au jardin. Le second objectif a été d’évaluer le risque sanitaire potentiel lié à la consommation de légumes de jardins familiaux modérément contaminés en Pb (100-200 mg.kg-1) amendés avec des composts autoproduits. Pour tenter d’améliorer la remédiation, du biochar a aussi été introduit. Une alimentation composée essentiellement des légumes autoproduits au jardin ne présenterait pas de risque sanitaire mais l’apport de composts autoproduits à une dose élevée (10-20 kg.m-2) a pu augmenter la biodisponibilité de As dans des sols de jardins familiaux. L’apport combiné d’un compost autoproduit et d’un biochar a toutefois limité les transferts de As et de Pb tout en augmentant la biomasse des légumes autoproduits
For some time, allotment gardens have often been established on urban soils without prior health risk assessment. Soil analysis revealing contamination by trace elements such as lead (Pb) may now compromise the practice of gardening. To prevent a restriction or change of soil use, the introduction of industrial compost to the soil can be efficient, but the potential of composts self-produced by the gardeners themselves must be evaluated. The first objective of this thesis was to analyze composting practices in allotment gardens and select self-produced composts with different biochemical properties and trace element content. The composting practices and the quality of these composts are very variable. Composts self-produced in the garden (home composts) are generally poor in organic matter and sometimes contaminated,contrary to composts self-produced at the foot of buildings or in restoration (community composts) also used in gardens. The second objective was to assess the potential health risk of consuming vegetables from allotment gardens moderately contaminated with Pb (100 - 200 mg.kg-1) amended with self-produced composts. In an attempt to improve remediation, biochar was also introduced into the soil. A diet composed essentially of self-produced vegetables in the garden would not present a health risk, but the addition of self-produced composts at a high dose (10-20 kg.m-2) could increase the bioavailability of As in allotment garden soils. In contrast, the combined addition of self-produced compost and biochar limited the transfer of both As and Pb while simultaneously increasing the biomass of self-produced vegetables

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2

Horta, Madalena Nunes França Aires. "Does community scale composting produce a viable outcome? Some physical and chemical properties of green waste composts produced in the Faculty of Sciences campus." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/29387.

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A compostagem pode ser definida como o processo de biodegradação de resíduos orgânicos realizado por comunidades microbianas em condições aeróbias, sendo uma forma sustentável de gerir estes resíduos no contexto de uma economia mais circular. Neste trabalho foi analisado um sistema de compostagem a uma escala comunitária. Para cada pilha, as matérias-primas e os compostos foram pesados e as temperaturas monitorizadas semanalmente. Os parâmetros físico-químicos foram analisados, bem como o teor de inertes, e foram realizados testes fitotóxicos. Os resultados mostraram que as amostras de composto cumpriam a maioria dos requisitos definidos pelas normas legais portuguesas em relação à qualidade dos mesmos, exceto no teor de humidade e de pedras. No entanto, os testes de maturação indicaram que todos os produtos finais estavam consistentemente maturados. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que é possível gerir os resíduos orgânicos dos espaços verdes através da compostagem local, com benefícios ao nível ecológico e social; Composting is the biodegradation process of organic substrates carried out by microbial communities, under aerobic conditions. It is a sustainable way to manage biodegradable waste within a context of a more circular economy. In this work, a community-scale green waste composting system was under study. For each pile, feedstocks and composts were weighted and temperatures were monitored weekly. Physicochemical parameters were analysed, phytotoxic tests were performed and the inert material content was assessed. Results showed that the compost samples fulfilled the majority of the requirements set by the Portuguese statutory standards for compost quality, except for moisture and stone content. However, maturity tests indicated all final products as consistently mature. Additionally, the particle size dimensions of the final composts were suitable for both of the main uses. The results showed that is possible to manage organic waste from the green areas through local composting with ecological and social benefits associated.

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3

Marcel, Linda Aneha. "A lecture performance at Bergen Community College to promote community awareness of local composers /." Access Digital Full Text version, 1994. http://pocketknowledge.tc.columbia.edu/home.php/bybib/11625971.

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Thesis (Ed.D.)--Teachers College, Columbia University, 1994.
Includes tables. Typescript; issued also on microfilm. Sponsor: Robert Pace. Dissertation Committee: Lenore Pogonowski. Includes bibliographical references (127-132).

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4

Youngquist, Caitlin Price. "Local biosolids compost| agricultural use, fate of antibiotics, and community engagement." Thesis, Washington State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3628900.

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We investigated the agricultural use of locally produced biosolids compost, the fate of the antibiotic ciprofloxacin during the composting process, community perceptions about biosolids, and sociological factors of community involvement in waste management research and decision-making.

Two biological assays were used to determine if the antibiotic ciprofloxacin selects for and amplifies ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria during composting. A third biological assay measured the capacity of compost to adsorb ciprofloxacin from solution. Our results show that the ciprofloxacin had no selective effect on resistant populations of bacteria during composting and that the compost was capable of adsorbing and effectively neutralizing this antibiotic.

A two-year field trial was conducted to evaluate the potential of biosolids compost as a high-carbon soil amendment in local agriculture. Potatoes and small grains were grown with biosolids compost and/or synthetic fertilizer and effects on crop yield, soil fertility, and soil quality were measured. Biosolids compost increased potato tuber and grain yield in the second year, demonstrating cumulative effects of repeated compost applications. In this study, the value of biosolids compost was primarily as a source of nitrogen, plant available phosphorus, and soil organic matter.

A mail survey of 1,374 Skagit County households was conducted to gain insight into community perceptions about the use of biosolids in local agriculture, interest in using biosolids compost as a soil amendment, and desire to participate in local waste management decision-making processes. Mail survey results and participant observation were used to develop a case study of community involvement in waste management research and decision-making in the town of La Conner.

This project addressed challenges inherent in conducting research on a controversial topic while developing a new collaborative research model for the region. Scientists, public planners and biosolids managers may be able to build and improve upon what was learned here in their efforts to develop effective regional waste management solutions.

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Yu, Julie. "Alberto Grau the composer, selected works, and influence upon the Venezuelan and international choral community /." Thesis, connect to online resource, 2007. http://digital.library.unt.edu/permalink/meta-dc-3898.

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Thesis (D.M.A.)--University of North Texas, 2007.
System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Accompanied by 3 recitals, recorded Nov. 17, 2005, Apr. 2, 2006, and May 14, 2006. Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-53).

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6

Thompson, Ashley A. "The Effects of Rootstock Selection and Carbon-based Fertility Amendments on Apple Orchard Productivity and Soil Community Ecology." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/83441.

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In apple (Malus domestica Borkh.) orchards, rootstock genotype, and soil fertility management practices impact soil fertility, plant associated soil microbial communities, and orchard productivity. Apple growers select rootstocks to confer beneficial traits, including size control, precocity, and pest and disease resistance. Rootstock genotype may also influence microbial communities, resulting in changes that affect tree health and productivity. Many apple growers apply synthetic nitrogen fertilizers to improve fruit yield and quality. In excess of tree requirements, nitrogen fertilizers may reduce crop yield and quality, as well as contribute to water pollution. The addition of carbon-based amendments, such as yardwaste, chicken litter composts, and biochar, may potentially reduce nitrogen and water loss, while improving soil structure and mineral nutrient availability. Orchard and pot-in-pot experiments were designed to study the following objectives: 1) determine the effects of integrated carbon-based fertilizer amendments on tree growth, productivity, and orchard soil fertility, 2) assess the effects of biochar on tree growth, leaf mineral nutrition, soil physiochemistry, and microbial community structure and activity, and 3) understand how rootstocks and fertilizers alter soil microbial communities. Applications of composts, integrated compost-calcium nitrate fertilizers, and biochar increased soil carbon, organic matter, cation exchange capacity and microbial respiration. In the orchard study, nitrogen fertilizer application did not increase tree growth, fruit quality, or leaf nitrogen concentration. Biochar applied at high rates with nitrogen fertigation increased tree growth and leaf nitrogen concentration similar to nitrogen fertigation. In the pot-in-pot compost study, chicken litter compost increased tree growth, and integrated compost-calcium nitrate fertilizer applications increased leaf N concentration. Analysis of the microbial community structure of bulk soil samples from the biochar and compost pot-in-pot experiments determined that the community structure was similar for all treatments during the three-year study. Metagenomic sequencing of the rhizosphere bacterial community indicated that compost applications altered community diversity and evenness, and that compost treatments were more similar to each other than to the calcium nitrate treatment. Data from my dissertation research suggests that compost can be used to increase orchard soil fertility, tree growth, and leaf nutrition, and that compost applications increase soil microbial community diversity and activity.
Ph. D.

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7

Rizzoli, Nicolò. "Appropriate Technology in a Zambian Community: an Approach for a Sustainable Waste Management System." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2018. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/15635/.

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Il presente elaborato ha come aspetto centrale quello delle tecnologie appropriate nell’ambito della gestione de rifiuti, senza dimenticare i temi della sostenibilità e dello sviluppo sostenibile, strettamente legati per natura al paradigma delle tecnologie appropriate. Ai fondamenti teorici è affiancato un lavoro sul campo della durata di 3 mesi e svolto in una comunità situata nella periferia a Ovest della città di Lusaka, in Zambia. In particolare, l’elaborato è strutturato come segue. Il primo capitolo è prettamente teorico e ha l’intento di sviluppare i temi alla base dell’elaborato, i quali, a causa della loro importanza ai fini di una buona riuscita del lavoro sul campo successivamente svolto, trovano spazio anche nel titolo della tesi. Essi sono: tecnologie appropriate, sostenibilità e gestione dei rifiuti. Affinchè vengano spiegati in maniera efficace, essi sono analizzati sia in linea generica, sia applicati al campo dei paesi in via di sviluppo. All’interno del secondo capitolo si entrerà più nel dettaglio del tema della gestione dei rifiuti e nel quale si andrà più strettamente a contatto con la realtà zambiana, ossia quella indagata. Con il terzo capitolo, si apre la parte operativa dell’elaborato: dapprima viene data una panoramica sia storica che geografica della comunità di Koinonia. In seguito si passa all’analisi e alle possibilità di ottimizzazione del sistema di gestione dei rifiuti. Vengono approfondite le opportunità ritenute più interessanti per ogni categoria di rifiuti che ci si è preposti di differenziare, e cioè rifiuti generici, plastica e rifiuti organici. Nel quarto ed ultimo capitolo ci si concentra, facendo riferimento alla situazione di povertà in cui allo stato attuale versa più di un miliardo di persone sulla faccia del pianeta, sulla mancanza di accesso, per molti di questi, alle forme più moderne di energia.

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Brandão, Kiany Sirley Ribeiro. "OTIMIZAÇÃO DO PROCESSO DE PRODUÇÃO DE BIODIESEL METÍLICO E ETÍLICO DO ÓLEO DE MAMONA (Ricinus Communis L.) APLICANDO UM DELINEAMENTO COMPOSTO CENTRAL ROTACIONAL (DCCR)." Universidade Federal do Maranhão, 2007. http://tedebc.ufma.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/895.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-08-19T12:56:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Kiany Sirley Ribeiro Brandao.pdf: 3595459 bytes, checksum: 4bf2be7f9783249e665a73b2e2a52d6f (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-08-29
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
The biodiesel is a biofuel obtained from renewable sources, as vegetable oils and animal fats. The castor seeds (Ricinus communis L.) have a medium content of oil of 47%. This oil when transformed in biodiesel produces a fuel with a series of environmental advantages in relation to petroleum diesel. Therefore in this work it was made the optimization of the production process of the methyl and ethyl biodiesel from castor oil, varying the reaction time, the catalyst amount and the oil:alcohol ratio (methanol or ethanol) using a Central Rotatable Composite Design (CRCD) symmetrical and of second order, constituted of two parts: the factorial 2n, with central points, and the axial part. With base in this factorial planning, surfaces and curves of responses and variance analysis, it was evaluated the effects and the significance of the models for the responses variables, biodiesel yield in mass and the esters content. For the production of methyl biodiesel, the greater biodiesel yield in mass is reached when oil/methanol molar ratio 1:4-1:5; 0,4-1,2% of KOH and time reaction 20-100 min, is used. In function of the esters content, the oil/methanol molar ratio should be between 1:10 and 1:11,36, KOH concentration between 1,4 and 2,34 and reaction time between 120 and 140 min. The regression models of the methyl biodiesel for ANOVA appropriately explained at the level of 95%, the data variation (R2 = 0,90567, for yield biodiesel and R2 = 0,7654, for the esters content). For the production of the ethyl biodiesel, the results of the factorial planning 23 showed that the oil/ethanol ratio and the KOH concentration went statisticaly significant to the biodiesel yield in mass and content of esters. The maximum yield can be reached when oil/ethanol molar ratio between 1:10,4 and 1:12,35; 1,4 to 2% of KOH and 60- 100 min of reaction, is used. In function of the esters content, the oil/ethanol molar ratio should be between 1:10,5 and 1:12,35, concentration of KOH between 1,4 and 2,0 % and time of reaction between 60 and 120 min. The regression models explained the variation of the data appropriately (R2 = 0,71811, for biodiesel yield and for esters content, R2 = 0,95217) and they acted significantly, to 95% of trust limit, the relationship between the independent variables and the response. The samples of the methyl and ethyl biodiesel of castor oil, in the optimized conditions, they are inside of the limits preset by National Agency of the Petroleum, Natural Gas and Biofuels.
O biodiesel é um biocombustível obtido a partir de fontes renováveis como óleos vegetais e gorduras animais. As sementes de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) possuem um teor médio de óleo de 47 %, que ao ser transformado em biodiesel produz um combustível com uma série de vantagens ambientais em relação ao diesel de petróleo. Portanto neste trabalho fez-se a otimização do processo de produção do biodiesel metílico e etílico a partir de óleo de mamona, variando o tempo de reação, a quantidade de catalisador e a relação de óleo:álcool (metanol ou etanol) empregando um Delineamento Composto Central Rotacional (DCCR) simétrico e de segunda ordem, constituído de duas partes: o fatorial 2n, com pontos centrais, e a parte axial. Com base neste planejamento fatorial, superfícies e curvas de respostas e análise de variância foram realizadas a avaliação dos efeitos e a significância dos modelos para as variáveis de respostas, rendimento em massa do biodiesel e o teor de ésteres. Para a produção de biodiesel metílico, o maior rendimento em massa de biodiesel é alcançado quando se usa razão molar óleo/metanol 1:4-1:5; 0,4-1,2 % de KOH e 20-100 min de reação. Em função do teor de ésteres, a razão molar óleo:metanol deve estar entre 1:10 e 1:11,36, concentração de KOH entre 1,4 e 2,34 e tempo de reação entre 120 e 140 min. Os modelos de regressão do biodiesel metílico avaliados pela ANOVA explicaram adequadamente ao nível de 95%, a variação dos dados (R2 = 0,90567, para rendimento biodiesel e R2 = 0,7654, para o teor de ésteres). Para a produção do biodiesel etílico, os resultados do planejamento fatorial 23 mostraram que a razão óleo:etanol e a concentração de KOH foram estatisticamente significativos para o rendimento em massa de biodiesel e teor de ésteres. O máximo rendimento pode ser alcançado quando se usa razão molar óleo/etanol entre 1:10,4 e 1:12,35; 1,4 a 2 % de KOH e 60-100 min de reação. Em função do teor de ésteres, a razão molar óleo:etanol deve estar entre 1:10,5 e 1:12,35, concentração de KOH entre 1,4 e 2,0 % e tempo de reação entre 60 e 120 min. Os modelos de regressão explicaram adequadamente a variação dos dados (R2 = 0,71811, para rendimento biodiesel e para o teor de ésteres, R2 = 0,95217) e representaram significativamente, a 95% de limite de confiança, a relação entre as variáveis independentes e a resposta. As amostras do biodiesel metílico e etílico de mamona, nas condições otimizadas, encontram-se dentro dos limites preestabelecidos pela Agência Nacional do Petróleo, Gás Natural e Biocombustíveis.

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Pereira, Nelson Paulo Santos. "Alternativas químicas para a quebra da dormência em pereira (Pyrus communis L.) cv. Rocha. Avaliação de cinco compostos." Master's thesis, ISA, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/15187.

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Mestrado em Engenharia Agronómica - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
Foram testados cinco compostos químicos com suposta acção de quebra de dormência, com efeito na antecipação e sincronização da floração num pomar de pereira 'Rocha'/EM A em plena produção. Dois deles são compostos à base de azoto: (1) Erger® + ActivErger®, e (2) mistura ureia + nitrato de potássio e óleo de Verão. Os outros três são compostos orgânicos ou misturas de macro e micro nutrientes e compostos orgânicos: (3) a glutationa, um inibidor da catalase e precursores de radicais livres (Glutabion®), (4) misturas de polissacarídos e reguladores de crescimento (W Uniformidade Superplus) e (5) nutrientes e N-acetil cisteína, betaínas e vitaminas (Promvit). Com excepção do tratamento (2) nitrato de potássio, ureia e óleo de verão, um adjuvante a 0,05% (Silwet L-77) foi adicionado às misturas. Dependendo do tratamento, foram efectuadas aplicações simples ou duplas entre 28 de Janeiro e 11 de Fevereiro (8 semanas e 5 semanas antes do abrolhamento que ocorreu a 15 de Março). Os primeiros 2 compostos não foram eficazes na quebra da dormência, mas as misturas com os compostos orgânicos adiantaram a floração em 4 dias. As diferenças na fenologia mantiveram-se durante o ciclo, mas não tiveram um efeito na produtividade
N/A

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10

Dharmarha, Vaishali. "Effect of Standard Post-harvest Interventions of Fresh Vegetables on Bacterial Community Dynamics, Pathogen Survival and Antibiotic Resistance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/96582.

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Food-borne illness outbreaks are occasionally associated with fresh-vegetable consumption, in part due to lack of a microbial inactivation step before consumption. Raw manure or improperly composted manure applied as soil amendments is an established source of pathogenic bacterial contamination. However, less is known about whether such soil amendments could serve as a source of transmission of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) or antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) via fresh produce. As such knowledge is developing, it is useful to identify strategies for mitigating ARGs and ARB on vegetable surfaces, especially those that are synergistic with known benefits in terms of general pathogen reduction on fresh produce. Sanitizers play an important role in post-harvest processing of vegetables, especially in terms of disinfecting the wash water and preventing cross-contamination. Further, temperature and time of storage of vegetables are critical to prevent the growth of microorganisms. To provide a background inoculum representing potential pre-harvest carryover of ARB and ARGs, carrots or romaine lettuce leaves were dipped in a slurry derived from composted manure from dairy cows previously dosed with antibiotics and further inoculated with multi-drug resistant E. coli O157:H7, a human pathogen, and a spoilage-associated and opportunistic pathogenic strain of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Inoculated carrots (n=3, 25 g) were washed with water containing different sanitizers (sodium hypochlorite or peroxyacetic acid) or unwashed (control), packaged and stored at 10ºC for 7d or 2ºC for up to 60 d. Inoculated lettuce leaves (n=3, 100 g) were washed with sodium hypochlorite, packaged in modified atmosphere conditions (98% nitrogen), irradiated (1.0 kGy) and subsequently stored at 4ºC for 14 d. The effect of post-harvest treatment were compared at various times by enumeration on selective media. In addition, cultureindependent techniques were also performed to determine changes to the surficial carrot and lettuce microbiota by sequencing bacterial 16S rRNA gene amplicons. The effect of post-harvest treatments on the types and relative abundance of ARGs, also known as the “resistome,” were profiled by shotgun metagenomic sequencing and qPCR. Addition of a sanitizer during wash, storage temperature, and duration of storage affected the bacterial community structures on carrots, represented by the weighted Unifrac distance matrices (ANOSIM, R=0.465). Storage of sanitizer-washed carrots at 10ºC was associated with an increase in relative abundance of Pseudomonadaceae compared to 2ºC storage for 7 d (Wilcoxon, p<0.05). Increase in storage temperature from 2ºC (optimum) to 10ºC (temperature abuse) of sanitizer-washed carrots resulted in enrichment of ARGs conferring resistance to the following antibiotic classes: multidrug, peptide, polymyxin, quinolone, triclosan, aminoglycoside, bacitracin, β-lactam, and fosfomycin. Irradiation resulted in significant reductions (~3.5 log CFU/g) of inoculated antibiotic-resistant E. coli O157:H7 and Pseudomonas sp. on lettuce surfaces (ANOVA, p<0.05). The lettuce resistome, represented by the Bray-Curtis similarity of ARG occurrence, was affected by irradiation (ANOSIM, R=0.406). Irradiation of lettuce followed by 14 d of storage at 4ºC resulted in 2-4-fold reductions in relative abundance of ARGs encoding resistance to the following antibiotic classes: triclosan, quinolones, multidrug, polymyxin and β-lactam (Wilcoxon, p<0.05). No additional increase or reduction of the tet(A) gene present on inoculated P. aeruginosa was evident after 14d storage at 4ºC on irradiated samples. Results of this study suggest that inclusion of a sanitizer in wash water, irradiation, and storage at optimum refrigerated temperatures may offer effective strategies to combat proliferation of antibiotic resistant bacteria and antibiotic resistance genes on fresh produce. Further research is needed develop interventions that can mitigate tet(A) and other ARGs on produce that were not significantly reduced by irradiation. This study will guide future research on microbiome and metagenome of processed produce and assessment of critical control points to reduce the risk of antibiotic resistance from farm-to-fork.
PHD

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11

Teipel, Elisa. "From waste to resource| a systems-based approach to sustainable community development through equitable enterprise and agriculturally-derived polymeric composites." Thesis, University of Colorado at Boulder, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3635932.

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Rural communities in developing countries are most vulnerable to the plight of requiring repeated infusions of charitable aid over time. Micro-business opportunities that effectively break the cycle of poverty in resource-rich countries in the developing world are limited. However, a strong model for global commerce can break the cycle of donor-based economic supplements and limited local economic growth. Sustainable economic development can materialize when a robust framework combines engineering with the generous investment of profits back into the community. This research presents a novel, systems-based approach to sustainable community development in which a waste-to-resource methodology catalyzes the disruption of rural poverty.

The framework developed in this thesis was applied to the rural communities of Cagmanaba and Badian, Philippines. An initial assessment of these communities showed that community members are extremely poor, but they possess an abundant natural resource: coconuts. The various parts of the coconut offer excellent potential value in global commerce. Today the sale of coconut water is on the rise, and coconut oil is an established $3 billion market annually that is also growing rapidly.

Since these current industries harvest only two parts of the coconut (meat and water), the 50 billion coconuts that grow annually leave behind approximately 100 billion pounds of coconut shell and husk as agricultural waste. Coconuts thus provide an opportunity to create and test a waste-to-resource model. Intensive materials analysis, research, development, and optimization proved that coconut shell, currently burned as a fuel or discarded as agricultural waste, can be manufactured into high-grade coconut shell powder (CSP), which can be a viable filler in polymeric composites.

This framework was modeled and tested as a case study in a manufacturing facility known as a Community Transformation Plant (CTP) in Cagmanaba, Philippines. The CTP enables local creation of globally viable products from agricultural waste. This researcher seeks to encourage the propagation of CTPs throughout developing communities worldwide, each profiting from its own waste-to-resource value.

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Messetti, Mariane Aparecida [UNESP]. "Estudo do composto derivado do óleo de Ricinus communis L. (mamona) sobre a bactéria e biopolímero da fermantação etanólica." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94970.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Das sementes da mamona extrai-se o óleo de rícino, aplicado in natura ou em sua forma modificada nas áreas médica, farmacêutica e industrial. Um de seus derivados químicos - o Poliquilgerm® - evidencia propriedades antifúngicas sobre Candida albicans e bacteriostática/bactericida sobre Escherichia coli ao nível de 99,9%. Considerando-se estas propriedades aplicou-se o Poliquilgerm em culturas de Leuconostoc mesenteroides, uma bactéria contaminante freqüente dos mostos em indústrias sucro-alcooleiras. Esta bactéria quando contaminante de mostos produz além do ácido láctico a dextrana, um polímero de glicose de consistência gelatinosa que aumenta a viscosidade dos fluidos dos processos. Devido a estas características, no presente trabalho avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes concentrações do Poliquilgerm sobre a viscosidade de soluções de dextrana, bem como em culturas de L. mesenteroides. Analisando-se as soluções de dextrana em contato com o produto conclui-se que o Poliquilgerm® não induziu hidrólise nas ligações glicosídicas da dextrana. O produto nas concentrações de 1,0 e 0,2% inibiu o crescimento de L. mesenteroides alcançando até 100% em ambas as concentrações, evidenciado por quantificação da biomassa e confirmado mediante plaqueamento por técnica Pour Plate, onde a inibição foi de 98% na diminuição das UFC/mL após 24 horas em contato com 1,0% do produto. Em relação à viscosidade da cultura, verificou-se até 20,56% de diminuição quando utilizados 1,0% do produto. Em cultura mista (L. mesenteroides e S. cerevisiae), registrou-se até 6,8% de diminuição da viscosidade. Verificou-se que S. cerevisiae apresenta sensibilidade ao Poliquilgerm nas concentrações 1,0 e 0,2% apenas no tempo inicial, pois após 24 horas a cultura atinge o mesmo nível de crescimento do controle, adaptando-se à presença do produto...
Castor-oil, extracted from seeds of Ricinus communis L., is normally applied in natura or in its modified form in medical, pharmaceutical and industrial areas. One of its chemical derivates – the Poliquilgerm® - showed antifungal properties on Candida albicans, and bacteriostatic/bactericide ones on Escherichia coli reaching 99.9%. Considering these features, Poliquilgerm was applied in cultures of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, a frequent contaminant bacterium of musts on sugar and alcohol industries. This bacterium when contaminant of must produce beyond lactic acid the dextran, a polymer of glucose, with gelatinous consistency which may increase the operation fluids viscosity. Due to these characteristics, in the present study, the effect of different concentrations of Poliquilgerm on viscosity of dextran’s solutions and on cultures of L. mesenteroides was evaluated. Analyzing the solutions of dextrana in contact with the product, it was concluded that it did not induce hydrolysis on glycosidic links. The product in concentrations of 1.0 and 0.2% inhibited the growth of L. mesenteroides reaching up to 100% in both concentrations, as evidenced by biomass quantification and confirmed by plating by Pour Plate technique, which inhibition was 98% of decrease in the CFU / mL after 24 hours in contact with 1.0% of the product. In relation to the culture viscosity, it was observed 20.56% of reduction when it was used 1.0% of the product. In mixed culture (L. mesenteroides and S. cerevisiae), it was registered up to 6.8% of decrease in viscosity. It was observed that S. Cerevisiae shows sensitivity to 1.0 and 0.2% concentrations of Poliquilgerm only at the initial time, because after 24 hours the culture reaches the same level of growth control, getting adaptated to the presence of the product. It was studied the Poliquilgerm hydrolytic activity on release of ART...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

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13

Ferreira, Mariane Aparecida Messetti. "Estudo do composto derivado do óleo de Ricinus communis L. (mamona) sobre a bactéria e biopolímero da fermantação etanólica /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/94970.

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Resumo: Das sementes da mamona extrai-se o óleo de rícino, aplicado in natura ou em sua forma modificada nas áreas médica, farmacêutica e industrial. Um de seus derivados químicos - o Poliquilgerm® - evidencia propriedades antifúngicas sobre Candida albicans e bacteriostática/bactericida sobre Escherichia coli ao nível de 99,9%. Considerando-se estas propriedades aplicou-se o Poliquilgerm em culturas de Leuconostoc mesenteroides, uma bactéria contaminante freqüente dos mostos em indústrias sucro-alcooleiras. Esta bactéria quando contaminante de mostos produz além do ácido láctico a dextrana, um polímero de glicose de consistência gelatinosa que aumenta a viscosidade dos fluidos dos processos. Devido a estas características, no presente trabalho avaliou-se o efeito de diferentes concentrações do Poliquilgerm sobre a viscosidade de soluções de dextrana, bem como em culturas de L. mesenteroides. Analisando-se as soluções de dextrana em contato com o produto conclui-se que o Poliquilgerm® não induziu hidrólise nas ligações glicosídicas da dextrana. O produto nas concentrações de 1,0 e 0,2% inibiu o crescimento de L. mesenteroides alcançando até 100% em ambas as concentrações, evidenciado por quantificação da biomassa e confirmado mediante plaqueamento por técnica Pour Plate, onde a inibição foi de 98% na diminuição das UFC/mL após 24 horas em contato com 1,0% do produto. Em relação à viscosidade da cultura, verificou-se até 20,56% de diminuição quando utilizados 1,0% do produto. Em cultura mista (L. mesenteroides e S. cerevisiae), registrou-se até 6,8% de diminuição da viscosidade. Verificou-se que S. cerevisiae apresenta sensibilidade ao Poliquilgerm nas concentrações 1,0 e 0,2% apenas no tempo inicial, pois após 24 horas a cultura atinge o mesmo nível de crescimento do controle, adaptando-se à presença do produto...(Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: Castor-oil, extracted from seeds of Ricinus communis L., is normally applied in natura or in its modified form in medical, pharmaceutical and industrial areas. One of its chemical derivates - the Poliquilgerm® - showed antifungal properties on Candida albicans, and bacteriostatic/bactericide ones on Escherichia coli reaching 99.9%. Considering these features, Poliquilgerm was applied in cultures of Leuconostoc mesenteroides, a frequent contaminant bacterium of musts on sugar and alcohol industries. This bacterium when contaminant of must produce beyond lactic acid the dextran, a polymer of glucose, with gelatinous consistency which may increase the operation fluids viscosity. Due to these characteristics, in the present study, the effect of different concentrations of Poliquilgerm on viscosity of dextran's solutions and on cultures of L. mesenteroides was evaluated. Analyzing the solutions of dextrana in contact with the product, it was concluded that it did not induce hydrolysis on glycosidic links. The product in concentrations of 1.0 and 0.2% inhibited the growth of L. mesenteroides reaching up to 100% in both concentrations, as evidenced by biomass quantification and confirmed by plating by Pour Plate technique, which inhibition was 98% of decrease in the CFU / mL after 24 hours in contact with 1.0% of the product. In relation to the culture viscosity, it was observed 20.56% of reduction when it was used 1.0% of the product. In mixed culture (L. mesenteroides and S. cerevisiae), it was registered up to 6.8% of decrease in viscosity. It was observed that S. Cerevisiae shows sensitivity to 1.0 and 0.2% concentrations of Poliquilgerm only at the initial time, because after 24 hours the culture reaches the same level of growth control, getting adaptated to the presence of the product. It was studied the Poliquilgerm hydrolytic activity on release of ART...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)
Orientador: Dejanira de Franceschi de Angelis
Coorientador: Antonia Marli dos Santos
Banca: Salvador Claro Neto
Banca: Octavio Antonio Valsechi
Mestre

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Curtis, Paul Raymond, and res cand@acu edu au. "The Music of Dom Stephen Moreno, OSB: A study of its sources, chronology and context." Australian Catholic University. School of Arts and Sciences, 2006. http://dlibrary.acu.edu.au/digitaltheses/public/adt-acuvp162.11062008.

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Dom Stephen Moreno OSB (1889-1953) was one of Australia’s most respected and prolific composers of church music in the early twentieth century. He lived for almost fifty years in the Benedictine Community at New Norcia, WA, and composed 210 works, comprising over 1100 individual compositions and over 200 accompaniments to Gregorian chant. The majority of his output was in liturgical sacred music, including Masses, motets and Litanies, but it also included a significant quantity of secular vocal and instrumental music. Much of Moreno’s music was written for the Benedictine Community of New Norcia but he also composed liturgical music for the broader Australian church and secular music for the wider Australian community. Less than a quarter of Moreno’s music was published, and the vast majority of his output survives in manuscript at New Norcia. The purpose of the present study is to define the extent of Moreno’s output, to establish its chronology, and to examine the contexts and purposes for which he composed. This study has significantly added to and revised the findings of previous studies of Moreno’s music undertaken by Ros (1980) and Revell (1990) and supplies a revised biography. Approximately thirty-five percent of the works included in this study are identified and discussed here for the first time. Of the previously known works, Ros specifically dated less than one quarter and the present study refutes some seventy-four percent of Revell’s dates. Through the investigation of important primary sources, including the composer’s surviving correspondence and the Chronicle of the Benedictine Community, this study provides for the first time a complete chronology and contextual account of Moreno’s entire oeuvre. This has involved the cataloguing and indexing of over ten thousand pages of Moreno’s manuscripts and more than five thousand pages of his personal correspondence. This study has also identified a number of compositions unique to collections outside of New Norcia. While the primary purpose of this study has been to establish an accurate chronology and historical context for each work, the opportunity has also been taken to provide a preliminary assessment and discussion of Moreno’s musical style and compositional methods. Note: “Due to the inclusion of third party copyrighted material we are unable to mount the entire thesis. It can however be viewed at St Patrick’s Campus Library by prior arrangement.”

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Reuschel, Jill C. "A Comparative Study of High School Academic Paths, Grade Point Averages, and ACT Composite Scores as Predictors of Success at Walters State Community College." Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2009. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/1847.

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With an overwhelming number of students attempting to enter college after high school, the competitive nature of college admissions continues to grow. Colleges and universities are attempting to find the appropriate means to adequately predict collegiate success. Common methods of this prediction have come from a variety of sources most of which are the use of high school performance and standardized college admissions testing. Walters State Community College was chosen for this study because of its open door admission policy that allows for variability in high school academic paths as well as grade point averages and ACT scores students earned in high school. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between high school grade point averages, high school academic paths, ACT scores, and 1st-year college success as measured by the number of college credit hours completed and college grade point averages at the end of the 1st semester and at the end of the 1st academic year. The study included 797 high school students entering the college in fall semester 2007 and completing their 1st academic year in spring semester 2008. The major findings of this study included: university Path students were (a) more likely to have a higher high school grade point average, (b) more likely to have a higher college grade point average and have earned more college credit hours at the end of the 1st semester and year, and (c) were less likely to enroll in remedial and developmental courses. Additionally, a moderate positive relationship was found between high school grade point averages and college grade point averages at the end of the college academic year. High school grade point averages and ACT scores were found to be statistically significant in predicting the number of college credit hours earned at the end of the college academic year.

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Ben, Sassi Meriem. "Impacts d’apports de composts de déchets urbains sur la résistance et la résilience de la microflore du sol à des évènements de type canicule/sécheresse." Thesis, Avignon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AVIG0639/document.

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Face aux changements climatiques actuels et à l'augmentation des populations, la vulnérabilité du sol et des services écosystémiques qu’il rend s’accroît. En particulier dans les zones climatiques méditerranéennes, les modèles météorologiques prévoient une augmentation des sécheresses estivales et une augmentation des températures accompagnées par l’apparition plus fréquente d’évènements extrêmes de type canicule et sécheresse. Ces événements, leur intensité, leur durée et la soudaineté avec laquelle ils arrivent, sont de nature à affecter la structure et la fonction des écosystèmes avec des conséquences principalement négatives sur leur biodiversité et leurs fonctions et services. Par ailleurs, l’apport de compost au sol pourrait constituer une solution pour prévenir et atténuer les effets des sécheresses et des canicules dans les agrosystèmes méditerranéens. Les objectifs de ce travail étaient de caractériser les effets à court et à long-terme de perturbations de type canicule et/ou sécheresse appliquées à un sol méditerranéen agricole (structures et fonctions des communautés microbiennes édaphiques) et d’étudier les impacts d’épandage préalable de composts sur la réponse à court et à long-terme de ces communautés microbiennes (structures et fonctions) vis-à-vis d’un événement extrême de canicule-sécheresse. Nos travaux nous ont permis d’évaluer l’influence de chacun des facteurs température élevée et sécheresse dans la perturbation canicule et sécheresse associées sur les paramètres microbiologiques et physico-chimiques du sol. Les effets de cette combinaison des deux perturbations a induit des réponses similaires à l’une ou l’autre des perturbations appliquées individuellement en bénéficiant des effets positifs et négatifs sur la communauté microbienne de chaque type de perturbation. Nous avons mis en évidence une durée seuil de la perturbation canicule-sécheresse sur la résistance de la communauté microbienne induisant un changement de structure taxonomique et fonctionnelle. Cette déstructuration de la communauté microbienne est durable et n’a pas permis de résilience. L’ajout préalable de composts de différents types au champ a amélioré la structure physico-chimique et stimulé les microorganismes indigènes du sol. Cependant, face à des perturbations de type canicule-sécheresse (telles que nous les avons testées), il semble que l’apport préalable de compost n’ait pas d’effets majeurs sur l’amélioration de la qualité du sol en terme de stabilité microbienne, mais que l’historique saisonnier influencerait cette stabilité
Current climate change and increasing populations’ growth enhance soil and ecosystem services vulnerability. Meteorological models predicted an increase in summer drought and higher air temperature with more frequent occurrence of extreme events like heat-waves and drought. Intensity and duration of these events may affect structure and functions of ecosystems and thereby the biodiversity and the functions of soil. The amendment of soils with composts could be an alternative to prevent and mitigate the effects of drought and heat waves in the Mediterranean agroecosystems. The objectives of this work were to characterize the effects of short and long-term high temperature and/or drought perturbation on soil Mediterranean microbial communities (structures and functions) and to study the impacts of compost amendment on short and long-term functional and taxonomic responses of microbial communities subjected to drought and high temperature. Our work allowed us to evaluate the influence of each factor (drought or high temperature) within the combined perturbation (drought and high temperature) on microbiological and physico-chemical soil properties. The effects of this combined perturbation induced similar or different responses of each of perturbations applied individually involving positive and negative effects on the microbial community. This work had shown threshold resistance duration inducing a change in taxonomic and functional microbial community structure after high temperature and drought perturbation. This abrupt shift in the community response did not allow resilience. Compost amendments improved the physico-chemical soil structure and stimulated indigenous soil microorganisms. However, it seemed that seasonal soil variations history rather than compost amendment influences soil microbial stability

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Pires, Leonor Cardoso. "A importância do mosaico da paisagem na definição de estrutura ecológica: contributos para um plano de gestão do Sítio Comporta/Galé." Master's thesis, Universidade de Évora, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10174/28235.

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O Mosaico é uma qualidade inerente da Paisagem e o que resulta da coexistência entre o Ser Humano e os outros elementos naturais. Esta coexistência tem sofrido graves desequilíbrios tendo como consequência uma simplificação do mosaico paisagístico e, por essa razão, uma homogeneização e desvalorização da Paisagem. No presente trabalho pretende-se desenvolver uma proposta de Estrutura Ecológica da Paisagem para o Sítio de Importância Comunitária da Comporta/Galé, tendo como princípio fundamental o Mosaico, aplicando-o a um caso de estudo onde a Estrutura Ecológica existente, no papel e no terreno, pouco traduz as qualidades intrínsecas do lugar. Pretende-se, assim, contribuir de alguma forma para a elaboração de um plano de gestão para este Sítio que tem sido alvo de profundas alterações ao nível do uso do solo e de desvirtuação dos objectivos de conservação dos seus habitats e recursos naturais; THE IMPORTANCE OF LANDSCAPE’S MOSAICS IN ECOLOGICAL STRUCTURE DEFINITION Contributions for the Comporta/Galé Site Management Plan ABSTRACT: The Mosaic is Landscape’s inherent quality that results from the coexistence between the human being and the other natural elements. This coexistence has suffered serious imbalances resulting in a simplification of the landscape’s mosaic and, therefore, a homogenization and degradation of the landscape. The present work intends to develop a Landscape Ecological Structure proposal for the Comporta/Galé Community Importance Site, where the Mosaic is considered its fundamental principle, applying it to a case study where the existing Ecological Structure little reflects the intrinsic qualities of the place, whether in paper or in reality. It’s intended, therefore, to contribute to the elaboration of a management plan for this Site that has been the subject of profound changes in land use and where there has been a serious disregard to the conservation objectives for its habitats and natural resources.

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Oliveira, Tiara Gomes de. "Desenvolvimento de filmes biodegradáveis à base de proteína da torta de mamona (Ricinus communis L.) modificada com glioxal e reforçados com fibras de celulose." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/74/74132/tde-22052013-141809/.

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A torta de mamona é um resíduo gerado da extração de óleo da mamona, que tem potencial para matéria prima para a produção de filmes biodegradáveis. Filmes a base de proteínas têm limitações mecânica. Assim, as propriedades físicas destes materiais biodegradáveis podem ser melhoradas com o uso de agentes químicos, como reticulantes, e de fibras vegetais, como material de reforço. Neste sentido, o objetivo geral desta dissertação foi o desenvolvimento de filmes biodegradáveis à base de proteína extraída da torta da mamona, modificada com glioxal, e reforçados com fibras da polpa de celulose, para emprego na agricultura. Os objetivos específicos foram a avaliação das fibras de celulose em relação ao ganho de umidade, microscopia e estrutura química, e a avaliação do efeito da concentração de fibras sobre as propriedades mecânicas (tração e perfuração), cor, opacidade, brilho, umidade, solubilidade, permeabilidade ao vapor de água, microestrutura, propriedades térmicas, e estrutura química através de espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier. As proteínas foram extraídas da torta de mamona em um reator com controle digital de temperatura (50 ºC), de pH (12, com NaOH) e de agitação (400 rpm), com capacidade para 5 Litros. As fibras de celulose foram dispersas em água com agitador de alta rotação. Os filmes foram preparados por desidratação de soluções formadoras de filmes (SFF) com 6g de proteína/100 g de SFF, 5g glioxal/100g de proteína, 30 g de glicerol/100 g de proteína e 0; 2,5; 5; 7,5; 10 e 12,5g de fibras/100 g de proteína. A adição de fibras não mostrou efeito sobre a espessura, umidade, solubilidade em água e permeabilidade ao vapor de água dos filmes. Entretanto, as propriedades mecânicas do material melhoraram em função da concentração de fibras. O acréscimo de fibra provocou aumento na força de perfuração, tensão na ruptura e módulo de elasticidade e diminuição na deformação dos filmes. A adição de fibras também exerceu efeito sobre a cor, opacidade e brilho dos compósitos. Os resultados das análises por microscopia eletrônica de varredura permitiu verificar que as fibras de celulose estavam bem dispersas na matriz do filme, explicando seu efeito sobre as propriedades mecânicas dos filmes. E, as análises por espectroscopia de infravermelho com transformada de Fourier corroboraram com esses resultados. O reforço com fibras mostrou-se eficiente e uma excelente alternativa para a produção de filmes a base de biopolímeros.
Castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cake is a by product of the extraction process of castor oil, which has potential for biodegradable films production. Proteins-based films have mechanical limitations; however it physical properties can be improved with the use of chemical agents, as cross linker, and of vegetal fibers, as reinforcement load. Therefore, the aim of this work was the development of films based on proteins extracted from castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) cake crosslinked with glyoxal and reinforced with cellulose pulp fibers, to be used in agriculture. More specifically, the objectives of this work were the evaluation of cellulose fibers, moisture gain, microstructure and chemical structure, and the evaluation of the effect of fiber content on thickness, moisture content, mechanical properties (by tensile and puncture tests), color, opacity, gloss, solubility in water, water vapor permeability, color, opacity, gloss, microstructure by scanning electron microscopy, and chemical structure by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Proteins were extracted from castor beans cake in a reactor with digital temperature control (50ºC), pH (12, with NaOH) and agitation (400 rpm) with 5L capacity. Cellulose fibers were dispersed in water using a high shear stirrer. Films were prepared by dehydration of film-forming solutions (FFS) with 6g protein/100g FFS, 5g glyoxal/100g protein, 30g glycerol/100g protein and 0; 2.5; 5; 7.5; 10 and 12.5g cellulose fibers/100g protein. Fibers content had no effect on thickness, moisture content, solubility in water and water vapor permeability of films. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of films were improved as a function of fiber concentration. The increasing in fibers concentration increased puncture force, tensile strength and elastic modulus and decreased films deformation. The addition of fibers also had an effect on color, opacity and gloss of composites. The results of scanning electron microscopy showed that cellulose fibers were well dispersed in the film matrix, explaining their effect on mechanical properties of films. Additionally, analysis by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy corroborated with these results. Fiber reinforcement was effective and seems to be a great alternative for the production of films based on biopolymers.

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Hendges, Marcos Vinícius. "Fatores pré e pós-colheita que afetam a qualidade do fruto durante o armazenamento de peras Conference e Alexander Lucas." Universidade do Estado de Santa Catarina, 2015. http://tede.udesc.br/handle/handle/523.

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Four experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of 1-MCP in CS and CA, and the ULO storage on the sensory quality and incidence of physiological disorders in function of the maturation at harvest in pears Conference and Alexander Lucas harvested at three production location. The fruit harvest was carried out in the cities of Ravensburg (orchard 1) for both cultivars and Langenargen (Orchard 2) and Öhringen (orchard 3) only for Alexander Lucas . All locations are in the state of Baden-Württemberg, southwestern Germany. For the experiments 1, 2 and 3 the design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme five (storage conditions) for two (harvest maturity). Treatments were: cold storage (CS-21.0 kPaO2+0.03 kPa CO2), controlled atmosphere (CA-2 kPa O2 / <0.7 kPa CO2), CS with 1-MCP application (CS+1-MCP-300 nL L-1), CA with application of 1-MCP (CA+1-MCP) and ultra low oxygen (ULO, 0.7 kPa O2 /<0.7 kPa CO2) versus harvest 1 (05/09/2012; Streif index of 0.15, 0.12, 0.09 to 1, 2 and 3 orchards, respectively) and harvest 2 (18/09/2012; Streif index of 0.08; 0.06, 0.08 for orchard 1, 2 and 3, respectively). All treatments were stored at 0±0.1°C and 94±2% relative humidity. In the experiment 4 was added high CO2 treatment (CO2-2 kPa O2/CO2 3 kPa). After seven months of storage plus seven days at ambient conditions (20±2°C/60±5% RH) fruits were evaluated for sensory attributes of firmness, color of skin (h°), soluble solids (SS), titratable acidity (TA) and aromatic compounds aldehydes, alcohols and esters. In addition, it were measured production of ethylene, α-farnesene, 6-methyl-5-heptene-2-one and respiratory rate, phenolics, vitamin C of epidermis, scald and internal browning , percentage of fruit with cavities and rot, and mineral content. In general the best storage condition to Conference would be in CA+1-MCP in fruit picked with IS 0.08. This condition provides larger fruits with reduced scald index without internal browning, besides development of aromatic compounds. The storage of the fruits of Alexander Lucas for seven months plus seven days at room temperature is too long. All the storage conditions caused internal disorder. Nevertheless, there are indications of the best storage condition in CS+1-MCP in fruits picked with IS 0.08. In this condition beyond the larger return occurs in the production of volatile reduction in surface escaldaura and browning occurs and no appearance of cavities
Foram conduzidos quatro experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito do 1-MCP, em AR e AC, e do ULO sobre a qualidade sensorial e incidência de distúrbios fisiológicos, em função do estádio de maturação em peras Conference e Alexander Lucas colhidas em três locais de produção. A colheita dos frutos foi realizada nos municípios de Ravensburg (pomar 1), para ambas as cultivares e Langenargen (pomar 2) e Öhringen (pomar 3) somente para Alexander Lucas . Todos os municípios localizam-se no estado de Baden-Württemberg, sudoeste da Alemanha. Para os experimentos 1, 2 e 3 o delineamento utilizado foi o inteiramente casualizado em esquema bifatorial cinco (condições de armazenamento) por dois (pontos de maturação). Os tratamentos foram: atmosfera refrigerada (AR-21,0 kPa O2+0,03 kPa CO2), atmosfera controlada (AC-2 kPa O2/<0,7 kPa CO2), AR com aplicação de 1-MCP (AR*-300 nL L-1), AC com aplicação de 1-MCP (AC*) e ultra baixo oxigênio (ULO-0,7 kPa O2/<0,7 kPa CO2) combinados com colheita 1 (05/09/2012; índice de Streif (IS) de 0,15; 0,12; 0,09 para pomares 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente) e colheita 2 (18/09/2012; IS de 0,08; 0,06; 0,08 para pomares 1, 2 e 3, respectivamente). Todos os tratamentos foram armazenados a 0±0,1ºC e 94±2% de umidade relativa. Ao experimento 4 foi acrescida a condição de armazenamento alto CO2 (2 kPa O2/3 kPa CO2). Após sete meses de armazenamento mais sete dias em condições ambiente (20±2ºC / 60±5% de UR) os frutos foram avaliados no experimento 1 e 2 quanto às taxas de produção de etileno e taxa respiratória, acidez titulável (AT), sólidos solúveis (SS), firmeza de polpa, cor da epiderme (h°) e compostos aromáticos. No experimento 3 foi avaliado o índice de frutos com escaldadura superficial, produção de α-farneseno e 6-metil-5-hepteno-2-ona, compostos fenólicos, vitamina C da epiderme e no experimento 4 o índice de escurecimento da polpa, porcentagem de frutos com cavidades e com podridão e teor de minerais. De maneira geral, apesar da perda na eficácia do 1-MCP no retardo do amadurecimento para ambas cultivares com o atraso na colheita a melhor condição de armazenamento para cultivar Conference seria em AC* em frutos colhidos com IS 0,08 (colheita 2). Está condição proporciona frutos maiores, com menor índice de escaldadura, ausência de distúrbios internos e com desenvolvimento de compostos aromáticos. O armazenamento dos frutos de Alexander Lucas por sete meses mais sete dias em temperatura ambiente é muito longo, pois todas as condições de armazenamento causaram distúrbios internos. Apesar disso, há indícios de que a melhor condição para o armazenamento desta cultivar é AR* em frutos colhidos com IS 0,08 (colheita 2), já que, ocorre retorno na produção de aroma, redução na escaldaura superficial e do escurecimento da polpa, sem o aparecimento de cavidades

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Gasser, Mark. "Ronald Stevenson, composer-pianist : an exegetical critique from a pianistic perspective." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/694.

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This exegetical critique makes a conceptual summation of Ronald Stevenson’s life’s work for the piano and his contributions as a composer‐pianist. Chapters one and two provide a profile of Stevenson as a pianist, examining the aesthetic and musical concerns that defined his long career, as well as precedents and antecedents of his pianism. Of particular interest are the ways that Stevenson coalesces aspects of the ‘grand manner’ and his obsession with a pianistic bel canto style. Chapter three examines Stevenson’s remarkable output in terms of piano transcriptions. His conceptualization of this as ‘capturing the essence’ of the original composer is used to mount a defense of this erstwhile unfashionable genre, examining the ways that Stevenson’s output blurs the line between transcription and composition. Chapter four offers a detailed examination of the art of pedalling in Stevenson’s own work, particularly the use of the sostenuto pedal, and the ways that he exploited more complex forms of combination pedalling in his compositions and transcriptions. Chapter five examines the ways that Stevenson’s works abound with socio‐political referencing and historical allusions, with particular attention to the Passacaglia on DSCH—a work that constituted such a political provocative act that it resulted in a police raid. Chapter six further interrogates aspects of the Passacaglia, its embodiment of the miniature and the monumental, and the ways that it personifies the culmination and summation of Stevenson as both a pianist and composer.

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Ghnimi, Wafa. "Étude phytochimique des extraits de deux Euphorbiaceae : Ricinus communis et Jatropha curcas. Évaluation de leur propriété anti-oxydante et de leur action inhibitrice sur l’activité de l'acétylcholinestérase." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LORR0006/document.

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Ce travail de recherche est centré sur la valorisation de deux Euphorbiacées : Ricinus communis et Jatropha curcas. La première est une espèce autochtone connue comme plante dont l’huile des graines est utilisée pour ses vertus cosmétiques quant à la deuxième, c’est une espèce allochtone récemment introduite à titre expérimental en Tunisie et connue comme plante bioénergetique. Pour le ricin huit populations Tunisiennes ont été étudiées: Riadh Andalous, Nefza, Béja, Nabeul, Hammamet, Bouficha, Khanguet Hajej et Aouled Amer. Quant au jatropha, le matériel végétal est récolté dans la station expérimentale de Nabeul (Tunisie). Il s’agit de huit populations qui proviennent d’Arusha en Tanzanie, de Mozambique, de Suriname et de Brésil à partir de cinq provenances à savoir : Paranà, Norte de Minas, Mato Grosso, Regiao sudeste et Vale do Jequitinhonha. Le travail comprend une première partie consacrée à une étude bibliographique. Une deuxième partie est consacrée aux matériels et méthodes utilisés et une dernière partie qui montre l’ensemble des résultats obtenues. Ainsi, les résultats montrent que les extraits des feuilles des populations des deux espèces étudiées sont plus riches en composés phénoliques que les extraits des racines. L’étude phytochimique a montré que le ricin contient surtout de l’acide gentisique. Quant au jatropha, il contient surtout de l’épicatechine et de la naringine. L’étude chimique des huiles fixes des deux espèces montrent que l’huile de ricin renferme essentiellement d’acide ricinoléique. Quant à l’huile de jatropha, elle contient deux acides gras en proportions majeures qui sont l’acide oléique et l’acide linoléique. L’évaluation des activités anti-oxydantes des extraits des deux espèces indique une corrélation positive entre ces activités et les teneurs en composés phénoliques. Par ailleurs, l’étude de l’activité anti-acétylcholinestérase des extraits testés montrent que ces extraits sont des inhibiteurs de l’AChE plus puissants que la galanthamine utilisée comme contrôle positif. Notre étude a confirmé que les différents extraits de ricin et de jatropha, autres que les huiles fixes, peuvent donc être exploités pour d’autres activités biologiques, parmi les quelles l’action inhibitrice de l’AChE une des principales cibles des traitements contre la maladie l’Alzheimer et le piégeage des radicaux libres, en raison de leur richesse en composés phénoliques
The aim of this study is to promote two Euphorbiaceae plants the Ricinus communis and the Jatropha curcas, the first one is known for its oil used in the cosmetic products, whereas the second one is known especially for its seeds used in the production of biodiesel. For the castor plant, eight Tunisian populations are studied: Riadh Andalous, Nefza, Beja, Nabeul, Hammamet, Bouficha, Khanguet Hajej and Aouled Amer. For the jatropha, recently introduced in Tunisia, the plant material is collected from the Nabeul station (Tunisia). Eight populations coming from Arusha in Tanzania, Mozambique, Suriname and Brazil from regions of Paraná, Minas Norte, Mato Grosso, Regiao sudeste and Vale do Jequitinhonha are studied. In first, a bibliographic study is made. In second, the used materials and methods are cited. Fanilly, all the results are mentioned. The study shows that the phenolic compounds are higher in the leaves extracts than in the roots extracts for both species. The phytochemical study shows that the gentisic acid is the major phenolic compound identified in the castor plant extracts. In contrast, the epicatechin and the naringin are the most important phenolic compounds identified in the jatropha extracts. The GC-MS analysis reveals that the castor oil contains mainly the ricinoleic acid. For the jatropha oil, two major fatty acids are identified: the oleic and the linoleic acids. Results of the antioxidant properties of leaves and roots of both species indicate a positive correlation between the leaves and the roots activities and their contents of phenolic compounds. Furthermore, the anti-acetylcholinesterase activity of the tested extracts shows for the first time that some tested extracts are more active than the galantamine used as a positive control. Our study confirmed that, in addition to their oils, different extracts of the castor plant and the jatropha can be used for biological activities such as the scavenging free radicals and the inhibitory action of AChE enzyme, which is a major target for treatments against the Alzheimer's disease due to their high levels of phenolic compounds. Owing to the activities of the leaves and the roots extracts confirmed by this study, the agricultural exploitation of the castor plant and the jatropha can be economically more profitable

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Ferreira, Luciana Chaves. "Aspectos bioquímicos e moleculares de bactérias isoladas de Terra Preta Antropogênica (TPA) na região da Amazônia Brasileira." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/91/91131/tde-04032008-150358/.

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A Terra Preta Antropogênica (TPA) ocorre somente em sítios arqueológicos na região amazônica. Estes solos de origem antrópica foram enriquecidos em nutrientes, provavelmente pelo manejo de restos orgânicos e do fogo pelas populações pré-colombianas. Em TPA, a presença de material orgânico estável e a grande atividade biológica indicam que este tipo de solo pode ser um local de alta diversidade microbiana, constituindo numa fonte de germoplasma microbiano. Contudo, atualmente não se tem conhecimento da biologia e, sobretudo da estrutura e diversidade das comunidades microbianas deste solo. O conhecimento sobre a diversidade microbiana trará compreensão das funções exercidas pelas comunidades microbianas no solo e o conhecimento das suas interações com outros componentes da biodiversidade, além de benefícios econômicos e estratégicos, como a descoberta de microrganismos potencialmente exploráveis nos processos biotecnológicos. Metabólitos secundários, como antibióticos e toxinas microbianas, podem ser considerados como produtos naturais de importância ecológica. Muitos metabólitos secundários produzidos por fungos e bactérias desenvolvem atividades multifuncionais através da via não-ribossomal, pelas enzimas peptídeo sintetase e policetídeo sintase, que são enzimas multidomínio e podem estar envolvidas na produção de sideróforos e antibióticos. Este estudo teve como objetivo a busca por peptídeos não-ribossômicos produzidos por bactérias isoladas de TPA e suas caracterizações bioquímica e molecular. Através de cultivo, 150 isolados foram selecionados de TPA para análise taxonômica por amplificação e seqüenciamento do gene 16S rRNA, após análise de restrição por enzima de restrição para se conhecer o polimorfismo genético dos isolados. De acordo com o seqüenciamento pôde-se agrupar esses isolados em 17 grupos. Os resultados indicaram a presença dos gêneros Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Janthinobacterium, Staphylococcus e Massili. Metabólitos extracelulares foram extraídos dos cultivos bacterianos, usando acetato de etila e clorofórmio, seguidos pela concentração dos extratos, para determinação da capacidade antimicrobiana e a produção de sideróforo foi avaliada usando-se cromoazurol S (CAS). Os resultados mostraram que treze dos 17 isolados apresentaram genes NRPS ou PKS, ou para ambos os genes, associados à produção de peptídeos não-ribossômicos. De todos os isolados estudados, 97% apresentaram produção de sideróforos e algumas espécies dos gêneros Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter e Janthinobacterium mostraram positivas em inibir o crescimento de cinco bactérias testes. A produção de sideróforos do tipo hidroxamato foi positiva para 8 isolados e 7 isolados para o tipo catecol, sendo que 2 isolados não apresentaram reação. Os resultados obtidos em espectrometria de massas Q-TOF indicaram a presença do antibiótico fenazina para o isolado Pseudomonas putida BCM 20, considerado de importância no controle biológico de diversas bactérias patogênicas.
The Anthropogenic Dark Earth (ADE) occurs mainly in archeological sites in the Amazon region. These soils from anthropic origin were enriched with nutrients, probably by the management of organic residues and fire produced by pre-Colombian populations. In ADE, the presence of stable organic matter and high biological activity indicate that this type of soil can be a site of a highly microbial diversity, appointing as a source of microbial germplasm. However, at the present time there is little knowledge about its biology, and especially the structure and diversity of the microbial communities from these soils. The knowledge about microbial diversity will promote a better understanding of the function promoted by the soil microbial community and the knowledge of its interaction with components from biodiversity, likewise the economical and strategic benefits, as for example the discovery of potential microorganisms for exploring biotechnological processes. Secondary metabolites, like antibiotics and microbial toxins, may be considered as natural products of ecological importance. Many of the secondary metabolites produced by fungi and bacteria develop multifunctional activities via non-ribosomal for peptide enzymes and polypeptide synthesis, that are multi-domain enzymes and can be involved in the production of siderophore and antibiotics. This study had the objective of searching for non-ribosomal peptides produced by bacteria isolated from ADE and its biochemical and molecular characterization. Through cultivation in selective media, 150 strains were isolated from ADE for taxonomic analysis by amplification and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, after the restriction analysis by restriction enzyme for knowing the genetic strains polymorphism. From the sequencing, it was possible to select these strains in 17 groups, with predominant genera - Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Arthrobacter, Janthinobacterium, Staphylococcus and Massili. Extracellular metabolites were extracted from the cultivated bacteria, using ethylacetate and chloroform, followed by detection of antimicrobial metabolites from bacterial supernatants. Siderophore production was evaluated using ChromoBlue S (CAS). The results from the strains representing the 17 groups showed that at least thirteen strains presented NRPS or PKS gene, or for both genes, associated to the production of non-ribosomal peptides. From all the studied strains, it was found that 97% presented the production of siderophore and that several species from the genera Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Arthrobacter and Janthinobacterium proved to be positive on bacterial growth inhibition. The production of hydroxamate-type siderophore was positive to eight strains and seven strains for the cathecol type, and two strains did not present any reaction. The results obtained from the Q-TOF mass spectrometry confirmed the production of 6-hydroxyphenazine-1-carboxylic acid from the isolated identified as Pseudomonas putida BCM 20. This compound belongs to a fully studied group of antibiotics for biological control against several pathogenic bacteria.

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Mileo, Patrícia Câmara. "Aplicações da celulose de palha de cana-de-açúcar: obtenção de derivados partindo de celulose branqueada e de biocompósitos com poliuretana obtida a partir de óleo de mamona (Ricinus communis L.)." Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97131/tde-24102012-120717/.

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O processamento da cana gera vários co-produtos tais como, o bagaço e a palha, sendo esta considerada um dos principais resíduos gerados devido à mecanização da colheita. Assim, a disponibilidade e a composição desse resíduo de cana-de-açúcar têm impulsionado muitas pesquisas para o desenvolvimento de tecnologias que proporcionem o seu aproveitamento efetivo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo a separação dos principais componentes da palha de cana-de-açúcar para a obtenção de insumos químicos com maior valor econômico, sendo proposta a obtenção, caracterização e modificação da celulose desta biomassa vegetal, a ser utilizada na síntese da carboximetilcelulose (CMC) partindo da celulose branqueada por meio da combinação do processo químico com o enzimático, utilizando xilanase. Foi também avaliada a influência nas propriedades mecânicas, termogravimétricas e morfológicas das poliuretanas, ao adicionar-se celulose a esses polímeros obtidos a partir de óleo de mamona (Ricinus communis L.). A palha de cana foi pré-tratada por explosão a vapor e submetida à deslignificação alcalina. Foi realizado, posteriormente, o tratamento utilizando-se xilanase e então, a polpa foi branqueada com peróxido de hidrogênio. A polpa branqueada obtida foi utilizada para obtenção de CMC. Foi determinado o ganho de massa após a reação de obtenção e o grau de substituição da CMC obtida. A polpa deslignificada (celulose) foi utilizada como reforço para obtenção de biocompósitos com poliuretana obtida a partir do óleo de mamona. Os biocompósitos obtidos foram analisados por calorimetria exploratória diferencial (DSC), termogravimetria (TGA), foram determinadas as propriedades mecânicas, microscopia eletrônica de varredura e estudo de absorção de água. A adição de fibras de palha em matriz de PU de óleo de mamona melhorou as propriedades mecânicas comparado à matriz pura, e uma possível redução no custo sugere uma aplicação industrial do produto final.
The sugarcane processing generates various agricultural byproducts such as bagasse and straw, which is considered one of the main waste generated due to the mechanization of the harvest in Brazil. Thus, the availability and composition of sugarcane straw have driven a great effort to develop technologies that provide its effective utilization. This study aimed to separate the main components of sugarcane straw to obtain chemical products with higher economic value, and the proposed obtainment is the modification and characterization of cellulose biomass to be used in the synthesis of carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) based on the bleached pulp through a combination of chemical process with the enzyme, using xylanase. It was also studied the influence in mechanical, thermal and morphological properties of polyurethane obtained from castor oil (Ricinus Communis L.) reinforced composites. Sugarcane straw was pretreated by steam explosion, delignified, treated with xylanase and bleached with hydrogen peroxide. The bleached cellulose obtained was used to produce CMC. It was determined the mass gain and the degree of substitution of the obtained CMC. The delignified pulp (cellulose) was used as reinforcement in composites of polyurethane obtained from castor oil. The biocomposites were analysed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), and it was also determined the mechanical properties, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and water absorption. The incorporation of sugarcane straw fibers in the polyurethane matrix improved the mechanical properties compared with the pure matrix, and a possible reduction in the costs of production suggests a industrial application of the material.

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Heijden, Luuk van der. "Determination of the food sources and of the role of meiofauna in soft-bottom intertidal habitats of the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France, and the Sylt-Rømø Bight, Germany : importance of the microphytobenthos-meiofauna pathway, highlighted by community structure, trophic markers and linear inverse food web models." Thesis, La Rochelle, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018LAROS030/document.

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La méiofaune joue un rôle important dans le fonctionnement des habitats benthiques à substrat meuble (ex. flux de matière) en relation avec sa production élevée, sa position trophique intermédiaire et les importants transferts d’énergie vers les niveaux trophiques supérieurs qui y sont lié. Les relations trophiques et les flux de matière organique liés à la méiofaune restent néanmoins mal connus ou peu pris en compte. Afin de mieux appréhender le rôle de la méiofaune, la structure des communautés et les relations trophiques entre les sources de nourriture et ces consommateurs ont été déterminées dans cinq habitats à substrat meuble (i.e., vasière nue, herbier, zone à sables) de la baie de Marennes-Oléron, France, et de la baie de Sylt-Rømø, Allemagne, en tenant compte des variations temporelles. Le peuplement de méiofaune s’est trouvé être dominé par les nématodes et les copépodes benthiques. Les biomasses de microphytobenthos et de matière organique du sédiment sont apparues comme étant deux facteurs structurants pour les communautés. L’utilisation combinée de différents traceurs de la matière (i.e., isotopes stables, acides gras) a démontré que le microphytobenthos et les bactéries étaient les ressources trophiques majeures de la méiofaune dans les cinq habitats étudiés. Les mesures réalisées sur la structure des communautés et les données issues des traceurs de la matière ont été implémentées dans des modèles de réseaux trophiques. Dans tous les habitats, ces modèles ont mis en évidence que le flux de carbone dominant était issu du microphytobenthos, ceci démontrant les très faibles changements de comportements alimentaires malgré les importantes différences de sources trophiques en termes de disponibilité et de production des sources de nourriture entre ces différents habitats. Tous les groupes trophiques de nématodes, à l’exception des déposivores sélectifs, étaient particulièrement sélectifs et s’alimentaient majoritairement à partir de microphytobenthos, ceci étant à l’origine d’une forte production et d’un court temps de renouvellement de la méiofaune. En conclusion, cette thèse démontre le rôle important de la méiofaune dans les habitats à substrat meuble ainsi que l’importance de la relation trophique entre le microphytobenthos et la méiofaune dans le fonctionnement de ces réseaux trophiques
Meiofauna play an important role in ecosystem processes in soft-bottom benthic habitats, e.g. food web dynamics, related to their highproduction, their intermediate trophic position and the energy they transfer towards higher trophic levels. The trophic linkages and flows of organic matter related to the meiofauna remain poorly known or taken into account. To better assess the role of meiofauna, the community structure and trophic relationships between food sources and meiofauna were determined in five intertidal soft-bottom habitats (i.e., mudflat, seagrass bed, sandflat) of the Marennes-Oléron Bay, France, and the Sylt-Rømø Bight, Germany, taking temporal variations into account. Meiofauna communities were dominated by nematodes and benthic copepods. Biomass of microphytobenthos and of sediment organic matter were two of the major drivers of community structure. The combination of trophic markers (i.e., stable isotopes, fatty acids) demonstrated that microphytobenthos and bacteria were the major food sources of meiofauna in the five habitats. Information from community structure assessments and trophic marker analyses were implemented in food web models. In all habitats, these models demonstrated that the main flow of carbon to meiofauna originated from microphytobenthos, highlighting negligible changes in meiofauna feeding behavior besides the large differences in availability and productivity of food sources between these habitats. All trophic groups of nematodes, except for selective deposit feeding nematodes, were highly selective and mainly fed on microphytobenthos, resulting in a high production and a short turn-over time of meiofauna. In conclusion, this thesis demonstrated the important role of meiofauna in soft-bottom habitats as well as the importance of the trophic pathway from microphytobenthos to meiofauna in the functioning of these food webs

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Louvel, Brice. "Etude en microcosmes de l'effet du ray-grass et de ses exsudats racinaires sur la dissipation des HAP et les communautés bactériennes dégradantes." Thesis, Nancy 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010NAN10113/document.

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Les hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques (HAP) sont des polluants organiques, ubiquistes, potentiellement toxiques et cancérigènes. Dans les sols, la dégradation des HAP est principalement due à l'activité microbienne. Certaines études ont montré que la biodégradation des HAP pouvait être augmentée dans la rhizosphère des plantes où le nombre et l'activité microbienne sont stimulés, grâce aux exsudats racinaires. Cependant les bénéfices des plantes ne sont pas toujours observés, et les exsudats pourraient aussi modifier la biodisponibilité des HAP. Les objectifs de ce travail ont été de mieux comprendre ces interactions sol-plante-microorganismes qui conditionnent le devenir des HAP dans la rhizosphère en suivant notamment (i) les bactéries possédant les gènes codant une HAP-dioxygènase, (ii) les espèces bactériennes impliquées dans la dégradation du phénanthrène, et (iii) la disponibilité et la biodégradation des HAP dans des terres industrielles historiquement contaminées.Les expériences ont été conduites dans des dispositifs à compartiments, lesquels permettent une diffusion des exsudats racinaires dans le sol tout en retenant physiquement les racines, puis en microcosmes avec un ajout d'exsudats racinaires naturels produits à partir d'une culture hydroponique de ray-grass (Lolium perenne, L). Les expériences ont été réalisées dans un premier temps avec du sable en ajoutant du phénanthrène (PHE) et un inoculum bactérien issu d'un sol d'une ancienne cokerie puis directement avec des sols historiquement contaminés en HAP. Les nombres de copies de gènes codant pour l'ADNr 16S et pour des HAP-dioxygènases ont été quantifiés par PCR en temps réel pour estimer la proportion de bactéries dégradantes. Les structures des communautés ont été comparées par électrophorèses (TTGE). En plus de l'analyse des 16 HAP totaux, une extraction non exhaustive des HAP a été réalisée à la cyclodextrine pour en estimer la disponibilité. L'utilisation de la méthode SIP (stable isotope probing) avec du 13C-phénanthrène a permis d'identifier les bactéries directement impliqués sa dégradation dans un sol historiquement contaminé. Les expériences en dispositifs à compartiments ont confirmé que la dissipation du phénanthrène est plus importante lorsque la distance aux racines est plus faible, et montrent que le nombre de copies de gène 16S et de gène de HAP-dioxygénase varie avec l'âge des plantes et du temps de contact des compartiments latéraux avec le tapis racinaire. Mais elles montrent aussi que la dissipation du phénanthrène n'est pas plus importante dans les pots plantés, tandis que dans les expériences en microcosmes une inhibition de la dissipation du PHE a même été observée en présence d'exsudats. La présence d'exsudats racinaires a profondément modifié la structure des communautés dégradant les HAP, et l'expérience SIP a permis d'identifier les bactéries directement impliquées dans la dégradation du 13C-phénanthrène et de montrer qu'elles étaient différentes en présence ou non d'exsudats. En présence d'exsudats, la proportion des bactéries dégradantes dans la population totale est passée de 1 % dans la terre d'origine et dans les traitements sans exsudats à plus de 10 %. Même si les exsudats racinaires ralentissent la dissipation du phénanthrène, en fournissant une source de carbone plus facilement métabolisable, ils ont augmenté la quantité de HAP extractibles à la cyclodextrine dans deux des trois sols historiquement contaminés, suggérant un effet de ceux-ci sur la biodisponibilité des HAP
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAH) are organics pollutants, ubiquitous, toxics and potentially carcinogenic. In soil, PAH degradation is mainly attributed to microbial organism. Several studies have thus reported enhanced PAH degradation in soil in the presence of plants. Rhizospheric soil increase the number et the activity of microorganisms in soil by the release of roots exudates. However, bene?cial effects of plants in the remediation are not always observed and roots exudates could be limited PAH biodegradation. The object of this study was to investigate the fate of PAHs in rhizosphere, following (i) the PAH-dioxygenase genes DNA to quantify the PAH-degrading bacteria, (ii) species implicated in phenanthrene biodegradation, and (iii) PAH availability and biodegradation from industrial soils.Different experimental devices have been designed to study detailed processes in the rhizosphere. First is a compartments devices were a nylon mesh permits diffusion of plant soluble substances towards the adjacent root free compartment as a rhizosphere. Secondly microcosms were enriched with natural roots exudates from hydroponic culture of ray-grass (Lolium perenne L.). In first time, experiments were conducted using sand and bacterial inoculum from an industrially PAH-contaminated soil and then directly with a soil historically contaminated by PAH. The Real-Time PCR quantification of 16S rRNA gene copy and of functional PAH-RHD? genes permitted to assess the proportion of a degrading bacteria. Bacterial community structure was approached from Temporal Thermal Gradient gel Electrophoresis (TTGE) fingerprinting, and bands sequencing. Nonexhaustive cyclodextrin-based extraction technique provided a estimate of the ?labile? or available pool of PAH in soil. Use of stable isotope probing (SIP) technique with [13C]phenanthrene allowed a bacterial identification of directly implicated in industrial soil.The presence of exudates modified microbial community of PAH-degrading bacteria. SIP experiment showed that 13C-labelled PHE-degrading bacteria was different depending on the exudates input. Many species having to degrade phenanthrene were able to use exudates. Presence of root exudates increased the proportion of PAH-RHD? genes compared to the bulk soil at the beginning and in microcosms without exudates (respectively 10% and 1 %). However, phenanthene dissipation in sand or soil were weaker with root exudates and aged PAH concentrations has not shifted during incubation time. Nevertheless, the root exudates increased the PAH labile fraction extract with cyclodextrin solution into two in three soils historically contaminated

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26

Blazanovic, Marta. "Echtzeitmusik." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philosophische Fakultät III, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/16981.

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Die Echtzeitmusikszene ist eine zeitgenössische Musikszene, die Mitte der 1990er in Berlin entstanden ist. Seitdem entwickelte sie sich in eine umfangreiche, musikalisch vielfältige, lokale, aber auch extrem internationale Musiker-Community, mit dem Schwerpunkt auf improvisierter und experimenteller Musik. Der Begriff ‚Echtzeitmusik‘ markierte zunächst die Abgrenzung der jungen von der älteren Generation der Berliner Improvisatoren. Die jüngeren Musiker entwickelten bald eine besondere Klangästhetik sowie die Praxis des Improvisierens, was oft als ‚Berlin Reductionism‘ bezeichnet wird. Sich selbst identifizierten sie vor allem mit dem Begriff ‚Composer-Performer‘. Die musikalischen Entwicklungen in der Echtzeitmusik Szene lassen sich innerhalb der Traditionen der Freien Improvisation einerseits und der Cageschen Kompositionstheorie andererseits kontextualisieren. Ausserdem wurden die Entstehung der Szene, ihre Entwicklung und Existenz stark von den einzigartigen räumlichen, sozialen und ökonomischen Bedingungen in Berlin nach der Wende beeinflusst und bestimmt. Die Echtzeitmusik Szene ist ein Beispiel für ein hoch autonomes Feld der Kulturproduktion, in dem das sogenannte symbolische Kapital (Reputation) die wichtigste Kapitalart und ein Machtmittel darstellt. Die Verteilung des symbolischen Kapitals in der Szene manifestiert sich in einer auf den ersten Blick versteckten Hierarchie. Die Mitglieder der Szene teilen eine gemeinsame symbolische Ebene und nehmen an einem klar strukturierten und organisierten Szeneleben teil. Sowohl soziale als auch musikalische Handlungen der Szeneakteure zeigen gewisse Gemeinsamkeiten und Regularitäten, die mit Bourdieu’s Habitus-Begriff erklärt werden. Der Szenediskurs spielt eine wichtige Rolle in den Prozessen der Identifikation, Distinktion und Gemeinschaftsbildung, als auch in der Regulierung der Praxis in der Szene dadurch, dass es als ein Orientierungspunkt für die Insider, aber auch für die Aussenstehenden dient.
The Echtzeitmusik scene is a contemporary music scene that emerged in Berlin in the mid-1990s and evolved into an extensive and musically diverse local, yet extremely international community of musicians, who are involved in improvised and experimental music. The term ‘Echtzeitmusik’, literally meaning ‘real-time music’, marked the distinction between the younger and older generation of Berlin improvisers. The younger musicians had soon developed a specific sound aesthetic and approach to improvising, often labeled as ‘Berlin Reductionism’, and identified themselves as ‘composer-performers’. The musical developments in the Echtzeitmusik scene can be contextualized within the traditions of both Free Improvisation and John Cage’s compositional theory; on the other hand, the scene’s emergence, development and existence have been strongly influenced by the unique spatial, social and economic context of the post-wall Berlin from the early 1990s until today. The Echtzeitmusik scene is an example of a highly autonomous field of cultural production, in which the most important type of capital and means of “power” is the so-called symbolic capital (reputation), based on the musicians’ cultural capital (e.g. musical skill and individuality) and even more on their social capital (social relations). The distribution of symbolic capital within the scene is manifested in its, at first sight hidden, hierarchy. The members of the scene share a common symbolic level and take part in a clearly structured and organized scene-life. Both social and musical actions of the scene’s members show commonalities and regularities, which are explained by Bourdieu’s concept of habitus. The scene’s discourse plays an essential role in the processes of identification, distinction and community-making, as well as regulating the practice within the scene, by serving as a point of orientation on the inside and towards the outside.

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27

Vassileva, Veronika. "A comparison of Petar Christoskov’s Op. 1 and Op. 24 Caprices for Solo Violin: The effect of the changing Bulgarian political climate on his compositional style." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2016. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc849741/.

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Bulgaria, though a fairly small Eastern European country, boasts an ancient history of folk traditions and music; however, very few notated works exist due to the people's primitive lifestyle throughout Bulgaria's history. Singing and dancing as well as creating instruments from wood and animal skin were considered an integral part of everyday life, equal to cooking, sewing, herding, or farming; in fact, one almost always accompanied the other. Thus, more than 1500 years of folklore was orally passed on and preserved generation after generation; however, nothing was notated until only very recently when Bulgarians realized the cultural and national value of their history. After the liberation from Ottoman Rule (1453-1877) a nationalist movement spread throughout the Balkan countries, which resulted in the emergence of Bulgarian composers. Music and songs from the local folk traditions evolved, developed, and - with notation - became the foundation for the vocal and instrumental music of the so-called first generation of Bulgarian composers. Around the turn of the century, many Bulgarian artists and musicians traveled to Western Europe (mostly Austria, Germany, and Russia) and upon their return, their artistic output created an original mixture of Bulgarian national folk with influences from Western classical music. After World War II, Bulgaria became one of the countries governed by the Communist regime, which restricted all travel to and contact with the West, including cultural influences from the West. Gradually, as the Communist regime became less controlling until it dissolved completely in 1989, restrictions on music and culture started to lift. Petar Christoskov (1917-2006), considered part of the second generation of Bulgarian composers, began his compositional career immediately after returning from Germany to a communist-ruled Bulgaria. His first opus was the set of 12 Caprices for Solo Violin (1953, formerly known as Concert Etudes in Folk Style); they have a fairly simple compositional style but are full of elements from the Bulgarian folk tradition. Some of these caprices, along with other works from the beginning of Christoskov's compositional career, were commissioned by the nationalist government and/or were required repertoire at national music competitions. Nearly thirty years after the first set of caprices, Christoskov composed another set: 24 Caprices for Solo Violin, Op. 24 (1978-9). These later works also contain many Bulgarian folk characteristics, but their compositional style is much more abstract, atonal, and complex - more “mainstream Western.” The goal of this document is to compare and contrast the two sets of Caprices for Solo Violin, Op. 1 and Op. 24, by investigating the development of Petar Christoskov's compositional style. I will argue that the constantly-changing political systems in twentieth-century Bulgaria had a direct impact on the composer's artistic output. After a historical overview of Bulgaria's music and political background, the two sets of caprices will be compared and contrasted by focusing on technical, musical, and sociological similarities and differences. In order to illustrate these similarities and differences, three caprices from each set will be selected and analyzed, as well as compared and contrasted with each other. The second part of the document will discuss the negative influence of the political climate on music and printing, with a focus on the difficulties of preserving Bulgarian culture itself. This research has the additional purpose of serving as scholarly support for a future project: as a personal contribution to the circulation and preservation of Bulgarian music, I intend to produce a new violin edition of Petar Christoskov's caprices as well as complete the arrangements for viola.

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28

Hung, Hsin-Tang, and 洪新棠. "The Studies of Thermophilic, Non-anaerobic Bacterial Community of Composts." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/29049023517070731566.

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碩士
國立臺灣大學
植物學研究所
91
Microbial activity is one important factor of compost process. To understand microbial community in compost was one of topics interested to people of many large fields of compost. In this study, we tried to establish a basic model in collection and identification of the microorganisms of compost, and tried to find the superior bacterial strains in the hot compost in order to improve the quality of compost. In this experiment, we studied the thermophilic microbial community in the compost composed of bagasse, waste of fruit/food market, and waste of flower market in Huwei compost plant of Taiwan Sugar Corporation in Yunlin County, Taiwan (R.O.C.). The experiments included three parts: preserving the isolated bacteria strains, Gram’s staining, morphology observation and physiological test, and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA). The isolated bacterial strains were grouped based on these analyses, and a phylogenetic tree was constructed on the selected strain from each group. We isolated 412 strains, and divided they into 24 groups. The numbers of the largest group is 137. All of the isolates were rod, and most of them were Gram positive or Gram variable (96%). Most of isolated strains were able to hydrolysis starch (65%) and able to reduce nitrate (91%). The isolates displayed different patterns in amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), but most of them belonged to Bacillus spp. and related strains (Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus sonorensis). Few of isolates were Pseudomonas spp. The morphology and physiological characteristics of isolated strains supported the ARDRA. Our study not only established the local microbial community in Taiwan, but also would improve the benefit of high-quality compost.

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Liao, Shu-Chiu, and 廖淑秋. "Degradation of Pentachlorophenol with Compost Induced PCP Degradation Microbial Community." Thesis, 2002. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/60586876565775851266.

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碩士
國立屏東科技大學
環境工程與科學系
90
Pentachlorophenol(PCP) is a widely used wood treatment agent and biocide. The toxic compound have resulted in extensive pollution of water and soil. Bioremediation is recognized as an economically viable method. The aim of the research is to acclimate Pentachlorophenol degradation microbial community for treatment of high concentration PCP (50~500ppm) contaminated soil of Taiwan. The strategy of the PCP degradation community acclimation is to combinate indigenous microorganism in serious PCP contaminated soil(265ppm) with diversity microorganism in mature compost. There are three treatment, contaminated-site soil alone(Pile I), bark compost with contaminated-site soil(ratio 2:1 w/w, Pile II), hog waste with contaminated-site soil(ratio 2:1 w/w, Pile III). We induced the PCP degradation microbial community by adding 6.12510-2g PCP into the average 20kg Pile I, II and III every week for 90 days and aeration for another 60 days without PCP added. The test will evaluate the PCP degradating ability of PCP degradation microbial community from Pile I, II and III. The PCP degradation ratio from initial PCP concentration is 47%, 77% and 71% when we add 1 parts Pile I or II or III into 1 parts preparation soil with 200ppm PCP. The degradation curve is fitted to first-order-kinetic reaction. There show good degradation ability. The maximum reaction constant(k) 2.6710-2(day-1) and the least half life(t1/2) 26 days is from Pile II the bark compost soil. We transfer the compost soil of Pile I, II, III to liquid culture and enrich the PCP degradation microbial community with 200ppm PCP-mineral solt broth for 6 times. We use the enrich culture as the seed. It showed this culture used PCP as it’s sole source of carbon and energy. Pile II have the best degradation efficiency than Pile I and III at 50 to 500ppm of PCP. And during 50~300ppm of PCP decrease is larger than 50 % in seven days. The degradation reaction was also fitted to first-order reaction equation and the r2 were higher than 0.91. There is relationship between PCP concentration and reaction constant, the smaller PCP concentration, the larger the k and the smaller the t1/2. It has the largest k (0.84 day-1), the least t1/2 (20hr) in 50ppm PCP with enriched culture from Pile II the bark compost soil. It has the smallest k (0.015 day-1), the largest t1/2 (46 days) in 500ppm PCP with enriched culture from Pile III the hog waste compost soil. We determined the oxygen uptake rate by respirometer in 500ml PCP-mineral salt broth containing 50 to 500ppm PCP and seeded with enriched culture from Pile I, II and III. The higher the concentration of PCP, the longer the lag phase of Pile I, II and III. The seeded culture from Pile I, between 50 and 200ppm PCP broth, oxygen uptake has the shortest lag phase, it’s only 5 hr. The seeded culture from Pile III, between 50 and 100ppm PCP broth, oxygen uptake has the shortest lag phase, it’s only 5 hr. The seeded culture from Pile II, between 50 and 300ppm PCP broth, oxygen uptake doesn’t have lag phase, and in 50ppm, it has the largest average oxygen uptake rate (0.019 O2-mg/L/hr) at the 20th hr. The relative activity is the average oxygen uptake rate ratio of PCP and glucose degradation among 168 hrs. It is an indicator to explain the PCP degradation ability of the three culture from Pile I, II and III. At PCP concentration from 200 to 500ppm of Pile I, the relative activity value are smaller than 1, it means the PCP degradation was inhibited. At PCP concentration from 200 to 500ppm, except 300ppm, Pile III was inhibited also. At PCP concentration from 50 to 500ppm, Pile II was not inhibited, the ratio exceeds far more than 1. It is observed that Pile II can acclimate better than Pile I and III when the PCP concentration was greater than 200ppm. It is evident that the acclimation of PCP degradation microbial community from Pile II the bark compost soil can degradate high concentration PCP 200ppm in soil and 50 to 500ppm in liquid culture, and there is no harmful product such as chloroanisoles be found. It could be faster to fermentate the PCP contaminated soil when inoculated with PCP degradation microbial community. The acclimation PCP degradation microbial community from compost-contaminated soil could be the inocula for ex-situ bioremediation of high concentration PCP contaminated soil in the future.

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FAN, SHAO-NING, and 范劭寗. "Removal of emerging contaminants using spent mushroom compost and Microbial community analysis." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/mmw6xp.

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碩士
東吳大學
微生物學系
106
In this study, fungi replace the traditional bacteria-based biodegradation of emerging contaminants. Five emerging contaminants of acetaminophen, sulfamethoxazole (SMX), sulfamethazine (SMZ), sulfadimethoxine (SDM) and tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) were degraded with Flammulina velutipes, Hypsizygus marmoreus, Pholiota namek, Agaricus blazei, Pleurotus ferulae and Pleurotus eryngii SMC. Test the best mushroom degradation efficiency. Further bioreactor experiments were used to further verify the feasibility of using SMC to degrade emerging contaminants in WWTP wastewater. Among the SMC of five mushrooms tested by batch experiments, their ability to degrade was P. eryngii > P. ferulae > A. blazei. However, F. velutipes, H. marmoreus and P. namek showed no degradation. In addition, the efficiency of degradation of organic pollutants by P. eryngii SMC was acetaminophen > three sulfonamides > TBBPA. The most degradative SMC obtained after batch experiments screening were screened for bioreactor degradation experiments of 10 mg/l acetaminophen, three sulfonamides and TBBPA using WWTP wastewater. The results showed that P. eryngii SMC required for different contaminants varied in volume and flow rate. The flow rate of 4.17 ml/min, 50 g of P. eryngii SMC can be immediately removed 10 mg/l Acetaminophen; sulfonamides need 100 g SMC, but SMC can only be used 1 times; TBBPA requires 20.83 ml/h, 100 g SMC and is properly filtered after filtration to effectively remove TBBPA. Therefore, we can develop green products, develop and utilize SMC for resource recovery and reuse, and provide innovative biological treatment technologies for fungal remediation to remove different pollutants in the environment, to adjust the volume of SMC, the velocity of the contaminated water, the duration of action, etc. Regenerating with SMC not only achieves the goal of energy conservation and carbon reduction, but also removes many residual chemicals in our living environment.

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Chen, Houng-Toung, and 陳紅彤. "Applying molecular biotechnology to evaluate the bacteria community change during the reductive dechlorination of tetrachloroethene by compost samples." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/26145788427649899429.

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碩士
明志科技大學
生化工程研究所
99
The study applies the high microbial activity and serving as electron donor characteristics of bagasse compost sample, to evaluate the different initial tetrachloroethene (PCE) concentrations (60μM, 150μM, 300μM, 1800μM) on the dechlorination efficiency by compost sample. The microcosms were incubated at 30℃, and the pH and redox potential (ORP) values change with time were recorded. This study also use Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE)molecular biotechnology to observe the microbial population change with ime during PCE biodegradation process. When the microcosms were incubated with 60μM PCE, The trichloroethene (TCE) appeared on Day 21, and ethene (ETH) showed up on Day 49. On the other hand, when the microcosms were incubated with 1800μM PCE, TCE appeared on Day 49, but no ETH was observed after 112 days of incubation. The result suggested that high PCE concentration could cause biotoxicity to microorganisms. After 100 days of incubation, the glucose was amended in the microcosms, because the concentrations of PCE dechlorination by-products and ORP values did not change much in the microcosms incubated with 60μM PCE, and the ORP dropped slowly in the microcosms incubated with 1800μM PCE. The addition of glucose significantly increase the dechlorination rate in the microcosms incubated with 1800μM PCE, and dichloroethene (DCE) appeared in the microcosms. However, the addition of glucose in the microcosms with 60μM, 150μM, or 300μM PCE, the pH dropped to around 4. Compared with the microcosms incubated at high PCE concentration (1800μM), the microcosms incubated with smaller PCE concentrations showed more dramatically ORP change. The DGGE technology was used to observe the microbial population change during dechlorination process. The results suggested that the microcosms incubated with 150μM PCE showed the most biodiversity among the four incubated PCE concentrations, and the microcosms incubated with 1800μM PCE showed the least biodiversity. There was a slightly microbial change during the dechlorination process when new dechlorination by-products appeared. The addition of glucose would increase bioactivity, and new bands would on the DGGE, especially for the microorganisms with 150μM and 1800μM PCE. The results suggested that addition of glucose could enhance bioactivity to dechlorinate PCE, even in the microcosms with high PCE concentration.

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32

Florim, Bárbara Ferreira de Sousa. "Relatórios de Estágio e Monografia intitulada “Modificação de Compostos Naturais com potencial atividade antidiabética e a sua importância no Drug Discovery“." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/98980.

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Relatório de Estágio do Mestrado Integrado em Ciências Farmacêuticas apresentado à Faculdade de Farmácia
O presente documento encontra-se dividido em três partes, nomeadamente, relatório de estágio em Farmácia Comunitária, relatório de estágio em Farmácia Hospitalar e monografia intitulada “Modificação de Compostos Naturais com potencial atividade antidiabética e a sua importância no Drug Discovery“.O estágio curricular em Farmácia Comunitária decorreu entre 11 de janeiro e 30 de abril de 2021 na Farmácia do Bairro, em Coimbra, e a análise SWOT destaca pontos fortes como o atendimento e comunicação com os utentes, pontos fracos como a dificuldade em relacionar o nome comercial com o princípio ativo, oportunidades onde se incluem as formações e, ainda ameaças como a pandemia. O estágio curricular em Farmácia Hospitalar decorreu entre 3 de maio e 25 de junho de 2021 nos SF-GFM da ARSC, I.P, sediada em Coimbra, e a análise SWOT destaca pontos fortes como o conhecimento do circuito do medicamento, pontos fracos como a distância da ARSC, I.P. às Unidades Funcionais e ao utente, oportunidades como a implementação da consulta farmacêutica nas Unidades Funcionais e, ainda ameaças como o difícil acesso a este setor.No que diz respeito à monografia sabe-se que a Diabetes Mellitus é uma doença metabólica caracterizada por hiperglicemia persistente e o seu desenvolvimento pode ser evitado ou retardado por meio da implementação de mudanças no estilo de vida e terapêutica farmacológica. Alguns fármacos antidiabéticos foram obtidos de compostos naturais, como a galegina isolada da Galega officinalis, que serviu como base para o desenvolvimento da metformina, e a florizina isolada da Malus domestica, que levou ao desenvolvimento dos inibidores do SGLT2. Os compostos naturais caracterizam-se pela sua diversidade química e por serem uma boa fonte de leads, contudo a maioria apresenta algumas debilidades, como estruturas complexas, baixa estabilidade e solubilidade, sendo a modificação estrutural necessária para desenvolver novos compostos com propriedades desejáveis. Pretende-se salientar a importância do controlo da Diabetes Mellitus, bem como a respetiva farmacoterapia, e relevância das plantas medicinais e dos seus constituintes ativos com potencial atividade antidiabética. Esclarece-se também a importância dos compostos naturais em termos de descoberta e desenvolvimento de fármacos e apresenta-se uma visão geral da modificação de compostos naturais e respetivas estratégias, bem como exemplos de modificações bem-sucedidas. As modificações estruturais oferecem uma oportunidade única de estabelecer novas entidades moleculares com melhor potencial farmacológico, e assim é feita uma análise das mais recentes modificações da berberina, um composto com atividade antidiabética promissora.
This document is divided into three parts, namely, internship report in Community Pharmacy, internship report in Hospital Pharmacy and monograph entitled “Modification of Natural Compounds with potential antidiabetic activity and its importance in Drug Discovery“.The curricular internship in Community Pharmacy took place between January 11 and April 30, 2021 at Farmácia do Bairro, in Coimbra, and the SWOT analysis highlights strengths such as counseling and communication with patients, weaknesses such as the difficulty in relating the name with the active principle, opportunities that include training courses and threats such as the pandemic.The curricular internship in Hospital Pharmacy took place between May 3 and June 25, 2021 at the SF-GFM of ARSC, I.P, based in Coimbra, and the SWOT analysis highlights strengths such as knowledge of the drug circuit, weaknesses such as distance of ARSC, I.P. to the Functional Units and to the patient, opportunities such as the implementation of pharmaceutical consultations in the Functional Units, and even threats such as the difficult access to this sector.Regarding the monograph, it is known that Diabetes Mellitus is a metabolic disease characterized by persistent hyperglycemia and its development can be prevented or delayed through the implementation of lifestyle changes and pharmacological therapy. Some antidiabetic drugs have been obtained from natural compounds, such as galegine isolated from Galega officinalis, which was used as a model for the development of metformin, and phlorizin isolated from Malus domestica, which led to the development of SGLT2 inhibitors. Natural compounds are characterized by their chemical diversity and for being a good source of leads, however, most have some fragilities, such as complex structures, low stability, and solubility, being the structural modification necessary to develop new compounds with desirable properties. It is intended to emphasize the importance of controlling Diabetes Mellitus, as well as the respective pharmacotherapy, and the relevance of medicinal plants and their active constituents with potential antidiabetic activity. The importance of natural compounds in terms of drug discovery and development is also clarified, and an overview of the modification of natural compounds and their strategies is presented, as well as examples of successful modifications. The structural modifications offer a unique opportunity to establish new molecular entities with better pharmacological potential, and thus, an analysis is made of the most recent modifications of berberine, a compound with promising antidiabetic activity.

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KUO, I.-JU, and 郭依如. "The Research of Important Composed Elements of Web Community: Member Sharing Behavior and Aid Communication Tool Study---A g0v.tw as an example." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/hk7ymm.

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碩士
東海大學
企業管理學系高階企業經營碩士在職專班
103
The subjects of this study consist of the members of community website g0v.tw. Qualitative research is conducted through in-depth interviews with the questionnaire method and a representative of the media interview. On the process of interactive with interviewer, we can realize the reason、experience and feeling of interviewer to join the g0v.tw and hackpad communication area. After recording and analyzing in detail the whole study, summed up the sense of belonging of virtual community g0v.tw’s members and to explore the ways to strengthen the sense of belonging from members through sharing knowledge. The results of the study are as follows: (i) In the field of IT industry, Knowledge sharing, mutually beneficial ideas and action has matured, but for open government, open data, the field of citizen participation, as well as room for improvement. (ii) Member were recognized g0v.tw stride across different areas, but for software tools such as Hackpad and activities arrangement still has specific areas for improvement.

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34

"A Comparative Study of High School Academic Paths, Grade Point Averages, and ACT Composite Scores as Predictors of Success at Walters State Community College." East Tennessee State University, 2009. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0320109-121643/.

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35

Rajnovich, M. Grace N. "The Spruce Point Site (DjKq-1) : A late woodland community pattern and cultural assemblage from Northwestern Ontario and their relationships within the Selkirk composite." Thesis, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/23344.

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The Spruce Point Site (DjKq-1) in the northwestern sector of Lake of the Woods, Ontario, is a Selkirk site dated through ceramic seriational analysis to the sixteenth or seventeenth century A.D. It is rare for two reasons. First, it is a single component among a plethora of multi-component sites with collapsed stratigraphy which characterize the major portion of the Lake of the Woods prehistoric record. This factor allows for the first analysis and description of Lake of the Woods Selkirk community patterns, material remains, especially ceramics, and adaptive strategy free from stratigraphic interference. The assemblage is represented by ceramics and lithics akin to the Winnipeg River Complex and a faunal sample indicating an exploitation pattern using an unspecialized strategy and varied resources. Second, the site has remains of two house structures, unreported elsewhere for the Selkirk Composite, that are similar in floor plan and size to earlier Laurel structures and later Cree houses reported in the ethnographic literature. House style and geographic location, plus the faunal assemblage indicate the site was occupied during the summer and was chosen for its varied animal, plant and lithic resources.

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Spade, Katrina M. "Of Dirt and Decomposition: Proposing a Place for the Urban Dead." 2013. https://scholarworks.umass.edu/theses/1086.

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The intent of this thesis is to challenge our society’s existing options for the care and processing of the deceased, and to design a space and a ritual which are both deeply meaningful and ecologically beneficial. The community for whom this architecture is designed currently lacks the religious or cultural rituals which would otherwise guide them through the process of laying of their loved ones to rest. For this community, both traditional burial and cremation are devoid of meaning and culturally irrelevant ways of dealing with the deceased, in addition to being unnecessarily wasteful processes. Likewise, the community for which I am designing is decidedly urban, and made up of people for whom the city is the chosen site for living. This city dweller loves the bustling, complicated, concrete and steel metropolis reality. I posit they would find a deep comfort in becoming part of the city after dying. However, it is my position that a deep connection to the cycles of nature is critical in order for the dead to rest peacefully, and for the living to properly grieve. Therefore, I propose that the space I am designing – and its processes within - will be deeply rooted in the cycles of nature, for it is only by truly comprehending our part in these cycles that we can grieve and heal.

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Frankova, Jitka. "Contemporary music in Czechoslovakia since 1945: An analysis of piano sonatas by Jiri Gemrot composed during and after the Communist regime." Thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1911/22257.

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The Communist Party dominated the country of Czechoslovakia throughout most of the second half of the twentieth century. In addition to maintaining tight political control of the country to prevent the emergence of any threats to its power, the Communist government also exercised significant power over the society's cultural organs and influenced their output to favor works that it felt supported its revolutionary ideology. The power of the Party was not constant, but went through two oscillations of relative strength and weakness, which affected the extent to which it was able to impose its will on the country. In the music world, in periods when the regime was weak, non-orthodox musical ideas found their way into Czechoslovak society through various conduits. When the regime was strong, these routes seemed to close, the people and organizations that opened them were marginalized, and the penetration of these new ideas diminished. This study examines the effect that the policies of the Communist regime in Czechoslovakia had on music composition, through analyses of two piano sonatas by a living Czech composer, Jiri Gemrot. These sonatas were written in different times, one during the end of the Communist period, the other several years afterwards, and so are potentially affected by the composer's changed attitudes towards composition with the fall of the Communist Government. The analyses conclude, however, that there was not a significant change in the composer's technique between the times of writing the two sonatas, suggesting that he was not greatly affected by Communist attempts to maintain music orthodoxy in Czechoslovakia. It is further suggested that although the composer had exposure to, and the opportunity to compose in, progressive compositional styles, Gemrot's musical inclinations led him to write in a compositional style that, while non-orthodox, was not deemed threatening to the cultural ideology of the Party.

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Andoh, Jacob Yankson. "Quantitative determinants of need and demand for primary care in the district of Columbia." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10500/18587.

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This study, quantitative determinants of need and demand for primary health care in the District of Columbia (DCPC), analysed data over a twenty-year period from 1985 to 2004, on need and demand for primary care using standard and epidemiologically innovative statistical measures for physician distributions and socio-demographic characteristics in the District of Columbia (DC). The study attempted to answer the question: Using U.S census-based small area aggregations, Census Tract Groupings (CTGs), that are not zip-code areas or legislative/political boundaries, can a multivariate predictive model be developed using physician distributions, primary care service index (PCSI) and composite need scores (CNS) to explain variations in primary care visits shortages? Primary care visits shortages and priority scores (PCPS) were calculated, analysed and presented for CTGs in the District of Columbia from 1985 to 2004. Results indicated that the abundant supply of DC-based physicians – indicated by decreasing population per physician ratios of 239 (1985) to 146 (2004) – appear to be a long-term trend. As raw physician counts increased, the ratio of satisfied visits to demand decreased, from 2.62 (1985) to 1.80 (in 2004). This result appears to indicate that, due to inequities in distribution of primary care physicians in DC’s small areas, the increasing numbers of primary care physicians were by themselves, not sufficient to address the city’s overall primary care visits need. Epidemiological profiles and physician distribution analytical methods appear to be useful for small area analysis of urban primary care shortage areas and for setting priorities. Physician rates per 1,000 pop may be a necessary but not sufficient statistic for estimating urban primary health care needs
Health Studies
D. Litt. et Phil. (Health Studies)

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Дисертації з теми "Community composts"

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