Статті в журналах: "Compounding (chemical)"

1

REISCH, MARC S. "COMPOUNDING PROBLEMS." Chemical & Engineering News 86, no. 5 (February 4, 2008): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v086n005.p018.

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2

Ignatz-Hoover, Frederick, Byron H. To, R. N. Datta, Arie J. De Hoog, N. M. Huntink, and A. G. Talma. "Chemical Additives Migration in Rubber." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 76, no. 3 (July 1, 2003): 747–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3547765.

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Abstract Migration of compounding ingredients is an important factor in the overall properties and performance of rubber articles containing a number of layers for example, a tire, a hose or a conveyor belt. In certain cases, migration of compounding ingredients before, during and after vulcanization in rubber compounds can be of benefit. For example, waxes and p-phenylenediamines antiozonants rely heavily on the migration mechanism to provide optimum protection of rubber products during service against degradation by ozone. In addition, the dispersion of compounding ingredients such as oil, curatives, and antidegradants can be enhanced by diffusion within rubber. In other cases, however, diffusion across a rubber-to-rubber interface can be detrimental to performance. Diffusion will change the distribution of materials which in turn may result in changes in mechanical properties, loss in adhesion or antidegradant protection, and staining of light-colored products. Thus, a better understanding of the migration of chemical additives in rubber could provide the desired distribution of ingredients for obtaining the optimum compound performance.

3

Bridenstine, James B. "ERRORS IN COMPOUNDING ACID CHEMICAL PEEL SOLUTIONS." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 97, no. 1 (January 1996): 253–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199601000-00056.

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4

Peters, Walter. "ERRORS IN COMPOUNDING ACID CHEMICAL PEEL SOLUTIONS." Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery 97, no. 1 (January 1996): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006534-199601000-00057.

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5

Simon, Nicolas, Pascal Odou, Bertrand Decaudin, Pascal Bonnabry, and Sandrine Fleury-Souverain. "Chemical Decontamination of Hazardous Drugs: A Comparison of Solution Performances." Annals of Work Exposures and Health 64, no. 2 (December 18, 2019): 114–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/annweh/wxz093.

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Abstract Objectives Over the past 40 years, numerous actions have been undertaken to decrease the contamination of hospital facilities by intravenous conventional antineoplastic drugs (ICADs) such as centralizing compounding in pharmacies, using personal protective equipment, specific compounding, or infusion devices. As recently proposed in the <USP800> monograph, an additional specific decontamination step must be envisaged. A recent literature review analysed and discussed the different solutions tested in terms of decontamination efficacy. This article aims to discuss the performance of these solutions in the framework of aseptic compounding. Methods The same dataset used in the previous literature review was reanalysed according to other parameters so as to select decontamination solutions: overall decontamination efficiency (EffQ), tested contaminants, and the risks of use in daily practice. Results Using an EffQ threshold of 90% resulted in discarding 26 out of the 59 solutions. Solutions were tested differently: 8 on 1 contaminant, 11 on 2 contaminants, and 14 solutions on between 3 and 11 contaminants. Three risks were identified to help make choices in routine practice: the mutagenicity of degradation products, the safety of operators and facilities, and respect for the aseptic environment. Conclusions From the results, performance is discussed according to specific situations: a one-time incident or the basic chemical contamination due to daily practice. Accordingly, the decontamination solution selected then required a risk analysis and an evaluation before implementing it in the daily practice of a compounding unit.

6

Stewart, Richard. "COMPOUNDING Equipment & Technology." Plastics Engineering 63, no. 10 (October 2007): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2007.tb00209.x.

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7

Markarian, Jennifer. "Lean & “Green” Compounding." Plastics Engineering 71, no. 5 (May 2015): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2015.tb01353.x.

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8

TULLO, ALEX. "Compounding Giant Being Formed In Ohio." Chemical & Engineering News 78, no. 20 (May 15, 2000): 12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-v078n020.p012.

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9

Mohiuddin*, AK. "Extemporaneous Compounding: Cautions, Controversies and Convenience." Innovative Journal of Medical and Health Science 9, no. 1 (January 30, 2019): 252–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/ijmhs.v9i1.2420.

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Pharmacists are only knowledgeable and skilled healthcare professionals dedicated to compounding and preparing medications to meet the unique needs of patients. The safe and effective extemporaneous compounding of prescription products for patients require in special care is fundamental to the pharmacy profession. But there are much to do for secundum artem. It is not at all economical for a pharmaceutical company to marketize a product in 10 different probable doses or in 5 different dosage forms to meet the needs of the entire range of individuals receiving therapy. Although development is a continuous process, companies are customizing features to meet the majority of patient needs, but the very nature of the process cannot meet all patient needs. The risk-benefit ratio of using traditionally compounded medicines is favorable for patients who require specialized medications that are not commercially available, as they would otherwise not have access to suitable treatment. However, if an FDA-approved drug is commercially available, the use of an unapproved compounded drug confers additional risk with no commensurate benefit. Published reports of independent testing by the FDA, state agencies, and others consistently show that compounded drugs fail to meet specifications at a considerably higher rate than FDA-approved drugs. Compounded sterile preparations pose the additional risk of microbial contamination to patients. In the last 11 years, three separate meningitis outbreaks have been traced to purportedly ‘sterile’ steroid injections contaminated with fungus or bacteria, which were made by compounding pharmacies. The 2012 outbreak has resulted in intense scrutiny of pharmacy compounding practices and increased recognition of the need to ensure that compounding is limited to appropriate circumstances. Purpose of The Study: The article aims to physico-chemical and economic considerations before compounding; factors and quality control issues; compounding support, training, chemical supplies, types of compounding (specially in hospital and ambulatory care compounding). It should aid to practice the extemporaneous preparation of basic and advanced formulations including pharmacopoeial and non-pharmacopoeial formulations encountered in pharmacy practice, together with requisite documentation, labeling, packaging and counseling requirements. Along with this, they have to study the analysis of formulations and their components and relate these to the clinical performance of medicines. This will help them to investigate, evaluate and report the physical characteristics of formulations including release kinetics and relate these to quality control and preformulation requirements; relate the application of quality control, quality assurance and the principles of good manufacturing practice to regulation of medicine production in home and abroad. Outline: Background; Introduction; Compounding Factors; Types of Compounding; Identifying Errors and Cause

10

Probst, N., C. Van Bellingen, and H. Van den Bergh. "Compounding with conductive carbon black." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 11, no. 3 (May 2009): 24–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(09)70080-7.

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11

Markarian, Jennifer. "Efficiency improvements in compounding extruders." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 9, no. 5 (September 2007): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(07)70128-9.

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12

Gale, Martin. "Compounding with single-screw extruders." Advances in Polymer Technology 16, no. 4 (November 1997): 251–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1098-2329(199711)16:4<251::aid-adv1>3.0.co;2-u.

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13

Kluth, Carole. "Compounding in Europe: Market Report." Plastics Engineering 64, no. 5 (May 2008): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2008.tb00333.x.

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14

Markarian, Jennifer. "Compounding: Efficient Equipment, Lean Trends." Plastics Engineering 70, no. 5 (May 2014): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2014.tb01171.x.

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15

Xin, Yuanshi, Tongsheng Li, Fanglin Xu, and Mingming Wang. "Multidimensional structure and enhancement performance of modified graphene/carbon nanotube assemblies in tribological properties of polyimide nanocomposites." RSC Advances 7, no. 34 (2017): 20742–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra02149f.

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16

Limper, Andreas, Stefan Seibel, and Gordon Fattmann. "Compounding Unit Planetary Roller Extruder." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 287, no. 11 (November 2002): 815–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.200290011.

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17

Sinar, A. A., B. I. Sea, and Daud Yusrina Mat. "The Effect of Chemical Modification on Properties of Polypropylene/Bagasse Fiber Composites Compounding Using Two Roll Mill." Advanced Materials Research 795 (September 2013): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.795.611.

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This study is concerned on chemical modification of bagasse fiber (BF) filled polypropylene (PP) composites compounding using two roll mill. The fibers were chemically modified with different chemical treatment (alkaline, acetic acid and silane coupling agent). Effect of chemical modification towards BF/PP composites was evaluated by tensile test and flexural test. The chemical modification efficiency was verified by Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTIR) analysis. From FTIR analysis, there is an increase on intensity on acetyl group (C-H) indicated the existing of chemical bonding between PP and BF. Chemical modified composites increased the mechanical behavior. Composites that modified with acetylation (acetic acid) shows better mechanical properties compared to others.

18

Martinz, D., and J. Quadros. "Compounding PVC with renewable materials." Plastics, Rubber and Composites 37, no. 9-10 (December 2008): 459–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/174328908x362917.

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19

Utracki, L. A., M. Sepehr, and J. Li. "Melt Compounding of Polymeric Nanocomposites." International Polymer Processing 21, no. 1 (March 2006): 3–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.0093.

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20

Markarian, Jennifer. "US compounding industry faces challenging times." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 10, no. 6 (November 2008): 38–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(08)70228-9.

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21

Markarian, Jennifer. "Batch mixing maintains key compounding role." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 7, no. 5 (September 2005): 28–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(05)70454-2.

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22

Hannemann, Axel. "Compounding with process-constant melt filtration." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 8, no. 2 (March 2006): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(06)70559-1.

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23

Holmes, Mark. "“Many demands on the compounding process”." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 8, no. 6 (November 2006): 3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(06)70641-9.

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24

Spook, Wim. "Lean compounding: the key to survival." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 10, no. 4 (July 2008): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(08)70132-6.

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25

Kalyon, Dilhan M., and Madani Hallouch. "Compounding of thermosets in continuous kneaders." Advances in Polymer Technology 6, no. 3 (1986): 237–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/adv.1986.060060301.

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26

Petit, Ophélie, Guillaume Saint-Lorant, Michèle Vasseur, Julie Boucher, Justin Courtin, Marine Pinturaud, Delphine Allorge, Bertrand Decaudin, Nicolas Simon, and Pascal Odou. "Fastidious chemical decontamination after cyclophosphamide vial breakage in a compounding unit." Journal of Oncology Pharmacy Practice 26, no. 8 (April 11, 2020): 2038–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1078155220915961.

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An important amount of cytotoxic drug may accumulate in the workplace following the breakage of a vial containing an anticancer drug. Thanks to the monthly monitoring of the surface contamination in our compounding unit, a strong increase of cyclophosphamide contamination was highlighted in the storage area following the breakage of the vial, despite application of the emergency procedure. This study presents an analysis of chemical decontamination in the context of massive contamination. Samples were taken on the floor and on the caster of a storage shelf where the vial broke. The residual contamination was measured with a liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry method. An admixture of 10−2 M sodium dodecyl sulfate and 70% isopropanol (SDS/IPA 8:2) was selected as the decontamination solution. High amounts of cyclophosphamide were retrieved. The initial contamination on the floor was over 20 ng/cm2. Three decontaminations with SDS/IPA were carried out at Day 61, Day 68, and Day 71. The amount of cyclophosphamide decreased to 0.45 ng/cm2 at D134. However, high values were still measured on the caster despite successive decontaminations, with a maximal value of 19.78 ng/cm2 observed at Day 106. Continuous monitoring in our unit led us to highlight the inefficiency of our emergency procedure to eliminate high cyclophosphamide contamination. The procedure involving the SDS/IPA admixture was more efficient on the floor compared to the caster, which is a different surface type and porosity. This work highlights the importance of improving the procedures of incident management using contamination monitoring and repeated decontamination procedures adapted to different contaminants and surfaces.

27

Raymond, Glynn G. "Nonsterile Extemporaneous Compounding: A Bibliography for the Pharmacy Practitioner." Journal of Pharmacy Technology 10, no. 1 (January 1994): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/875512259401000105.

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Objective: For the pharmacist to be able to practice good professional and scientific procedures, appropriate literature sources are provided to enable rational, appropriate decisions for extemporaneous compounding. Data Sources: The bibliography consists of articles listed from the key word “compounding” in International Pharmaceutical Abstracts. Study Selection: The list of references are compiled in alphabetical order according to the title of the reference in terms of generic name, the clinical condition, or the subject heading. Data Extraction: Many of the extemporaneous formulations are published in accessible professional pharmacy journals, including American Druggist, American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy, The Annals of Pharmacotherapy, and US Pharmacist. Data Synthesis: The pharmacist must determine if the referenced expiration date was determined either by chemical stability or by successful clinical experience. The assignment of an expiration date by chemical stability is the accepted standard of the pharmaceutical industry. Assigning an expiration date by clinical response does not give the clinician any quantification of chemical potency or an indication of the absence or presence of degradation products in a formulation. Conclusions: With extemporaneous compounding, there must not be any careless formulation of prescription products without adequate scientific and professional judgment. For this reason, pharmacists are encouraged to use the current pharmaceutical literature to enhance their professional judgment. To make pharmacists' searches of the pharmaceutical literature for extemporaneous formulations a time-efficient procedure, a bibliography is presented.

28

Wedlake, Gary Douglas, and Mostafa Banijamali. "Quality control in PVC compounding." Journal of Vinyl and Additive Technology 9, no. 1 (March 1987): 25–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/vnl.730090108.

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29

XIONG, Yuan-Qin, Wei-Jian XU, and Wen-Sheng LI. "Compounding Technique of Fine Chemicals Shall Be Highly Valued by the Chemical Workers: Thoughts on Fine Chemical Formula Design Course." University Chemistry 31, no. 7 (2016): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3866/pku.dxhx201509006.

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30

Dias, Anthony J., and Alan A. Galuska. "Curative Migration in Rubber Compounds Containing Brominated Poly(Isobutylene-co-4-Methylstyrene)." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 69, no. 4 (September 1, 1996): 615–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538389.

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Abstract Blends of elastomers are widely used throughout the rubber industry. Blends are frequently used to get a balance of properties which cannot be achieved through the use of a single elastomer. For example, poly(isobutylene-co-4-bromomethylstyrene) can be blended with highly unsaturated general purpose rubbers to impart unique barrier or dynamic properties and enhanced oxidative stability. The final properties of such a blend are the result of a complex series of compounding, mixing and curing stages. These stages profoundly impact the homogeneity of the mixed components which include: the polymers, the filler, and the curatives. It is important to develop tools to monitor the changes which occur during compounding. This paper details the application of static secondary ion time-of-flight mass spectroscopy (ToF-SSIMS) imaging to simultaneously map polymer phase information with specific chemical information. The paper will highlight the utility of ToF-SSIMS for the study of the chemical and physical changes occurring during elastomer compounding. Blends of poly(isobutylene-co-4-bromomethylstyrene) and general purpose rubbers were compounded with typical cure systems and studied under a variety of mixing conditions.

31

Potente, Helmut, and Karsten Kretschmer. "Simulation and Evaluation of Compounding Processes." Macromolecular Materials and Engineering 287, no. 11 (November 2002): 758–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mame.200290005.

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32

Deryugina, O. P., and E. A. Trapeznikov. "The issue of "oil shrinkage" during the compounding of oils in the processes of production, collection, preparation and transportation of hydrocarbon raw materials." Oil and Gas Studies, no. 2 (June 11, 2021): 104–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.31660/0445-0108-2021-2-104-113.

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The article discusses the issue of industrial compounding, which improves the quality of the raw materials supplied to the main pipelines. Compounding from "to compound" (English) - to mix. When mixing different types of oil obtained, "incompatibility" is possible, which is expressed in the precipitation of a solid sediment and violation of the stability of the colloidal system and due to the differing properties of oils. Attention to this problem is due to the tightening of requirements for the quality of raw materials that must comply with modern standards. The article discusses the causes of the problem of "incompatibility" of oil during compounding and effective ways of solving it, substantiates the need for a preliminary study of the properties of mixed oil in order to identify possible incompatibility of various types of oil. The standard tests for determination of incompatibility indices characterizing the ability of raw materials to mix are considered. The article substantiates the need to develop methods for diagnosing the incompatibility of oils as the most important task of modern chemical science, the solution of which will improve the quality of the raw material obtained and solve many technological problems in the compounding process.

33

Teltayev, Bagdat, Tulegen Seilkhanov, Cesare Oliviero Rossi, Yerik Amirbayev, and Sakhypzhamal Begaliyeva. "Low Temperature Resistance Increase for Bitumen by Compounding with Tar." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 8579. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188579.

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In this paper, a conventional road bitumen with penetration grade 100–130 is compounded with tar in order to obtain bitumen with improved low temperature resistance. The low temperature (at −24 °C, −30 °C and −36 °C) resistance of the virgin bitumen and the compounded one is evaluated by testing on a bending beam rheometer. It was found that the optimum compounding (20% of tar by weight) decreases the stiffness essentially (from 18% to 34%), i.e., it increases the low temperature resistance of the bitumen. The stiffness decreases in the compounded bitumen can be explained by quantitative variations in its group chemical composition and molecular fragments. Group chemical composition has been determined by the method of absorption chromatography, and the fragments of molecules are identified by NMR-spectroscopy.

34

Meek, Claudia, Jihye Hoe, Jason Evans, Rosanne Thurman, Lisa Ashworth, and Richard Leff. "Raman Spectroscopy: A Sensitive and Specific Technique for Determining the Accuracy of Compounded Pharmaceutical Formulations." Journal of Pediatric Pharmacology and Therapeutics 21, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 413–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5863/1551-6776-21.5.413.

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OBJECTIVES: Raman spectroscopy is a widely used technology to identify chemical unknowns or confirm chemical identity. We have tested Raman spectrometry to identify compounded pharmaceutical formulations. In contrast to the commonly used application mentioned above, compounded pharmaceutical formulations contain a mixture of ingredients, and the Raman spectrometer is being used to correctly identify the composition of the complete pharmaceutical formulation, including the active pharmaceutical ingredient(s). The objective of this pilot study was to document the potential use of Raman spectroscopy as a tool to provide quality control to compounded pharmaceutical formulations. METHODS: “Testing a test” study design was used to prospectively determine whether Raman spectroscopy could verify the accuracy of compounded pharmaceutical formulations. A total of 9 formulations that are commonly compounded at Cook Children's Health Center were selected for testing. Each of the 9 formulations and 2 blank controls were randomly tested for compounding accuracy in replicate. A total of 110 tests were conducted. RESULTS: Raman spectroscopy was found to be a reliable test to determine the accuracy of compounded pharmaceutical formulations with a 100% positive predictive value. CONCLUSIONS: Raman spectroscopy promises to be an excellent tool for compounding pharmacies to provide an objective measure of compounding accuracy to their unique, compounded pharmaceutical formulations.

35

Anderlik, R., and H. G. Fritz. "Compounding of Thermoplastic Elastomers using Organosilanes." International Polymer Processing 7, no. 3 (September 1992): 212–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.3139/217.920212.

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36

Markarian, Jennifer. "Materials handling equipment for the compounding plant." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 11, no. 5 (November 2009): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(09)70135-7.

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Holmes, Mark. "New initiatives in wire and cable compounding." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 4, no. 12 (December 2002): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(02)80156-8.

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38

Markarian, Jennifer. "Worker health and safety in plastics compounding." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 10, no. 1 (January 2008): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(08)70023-0.

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39

Kimura, Yoshitaka. "Co-rotating Twin Screw Extruder Compounding Technologies." Plastics Engineering 70, no. 10 (November 2014): 32–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2014.tb01266.x.

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40

Kim, Jin Kuk, and Jin W. Park. "The biological and chemical desulfurization of crumb rubber for the rubber compounding." Journal of Applied Polymer Science 72, no. 12 (June 20, 1999): 1543–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-4628(19990620)72:12<1543::aid-app6>3.0.co;2-3.

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"ExxonMobil Chemical completes compounding plant." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 10, no. 2 (March 2008): 8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(08)70041-2.

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42

"Compounding." Plastics Engineering 63, no. 10 (October 2007): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.1941-9635.2007.tb00205.x.

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43

"Compounding advances east." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 5, no. 6 (June 2003): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(03)00002-3.

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44

"Extruders for compounding." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 5, no. 4 (July 2003): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(03)00434-3.

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45

"Extruders for compounding." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 7, no. 1 (January 2005): 20–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(05)00330-2.

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46

"Extruders for compounding." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 8, no. 4 (July 2006): 22–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(06)70606-7.

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47

"BIP expands compounding capacity." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 1, no. 1 (April 1999): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(99)80131-7.

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48

"BIP expands compounding capacity." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 1, no. 1 (May 1999): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(99)90217-9.

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49

"PolyPacific increases compounding capacity." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 3, no. 5 (May 2001): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(01)80144-6.

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50

"Geba expands compounding plant." Plastics, Additives and Compounding 3, no. 6 (June 2001): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1464-391x(01)80176-8.

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Статті в журналах з теми "Compounding (chemical)"

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