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Статті в журналах з теми "Constitutions – Chine"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 8 лютого 2022

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1

Yu, Wenjun, Mingyue Ma, Xuemei Chen, et al. "Traditional Chinese Medicine and Constitutional Medicine in China, Japan and Korea: A Comparative Study." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 45, no. 01 (2017): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x1750001x.

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Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), Japanese–Chinese medicine, and Korean Sasang constitutional medicine have common origins. However, the constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea differ because of the influence of geographical culture, social environment, national practices, and other factors. This paper aimed to compare the constitutional medicines of China, Japan, and Korea in terms of theoretical origin, constitutional classification, constitution and pathogenesis, clinical applications and basic studies that were conducted. The constitutional theories of the three countries are

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2

Benewick, Robert. "Towards a Developmental Theory of Constitutionalism: The Chinese Case." Government and Opposition 33, no. 4 (1998): 442–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1477-7053.1998.tb00461.x.

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CONSTITUTIONS, CONSTITUTIONAL REFORM AND CONSTITUTIONAL conflict are once again commanding attention. The celebrations of the bicentennial of the American constitution, the implementation of constitutional reform in Canada, the Labour government's programme for constitutional change in the United Kingdom, the seemingly intractable conflict in Northern Ireland, and transfers of sovereignty to the European Union from its constituent states, testify to this. Equally, if not more challenging, have been the upheavals in Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union and its reconstituted states, the ‘t

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3

Son, Bui Ngoc. "Constitutional Mobilisation in China." International Journal of Law in Context 14, no. 3 (2017): 335–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744552317000222.

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AbstractThis paper examines recent constitutional mobilisation in China, embodied in the weiquan (right defence) movement, Charter 08 and the 2013 constitutionalism debate. It contrasts Chinese and Vietnamese experience of constitutional mobilisation. This paper argues that constitutional mobilisation in China presents both convergence and divergence with those in Vietnam. The convergence stems from domestic dynamics, the impact of globalisation and the shared features of socialist/communist institutional settings. The divergence is due to Chinese constitutional exceptionalism and Vietnam's in

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4

Li, Ling, and Wenzhang Zhou. "Governing the “Constitutional Vacuum” – Federalism, Rule of Law, and Politburo Politics in China." China Law and Society Review 4, no. 1 (2019): 1–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/25427466-00401001.

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By focusing on the underlit corners of authoritarian governance in China, this article challenges the thesis that constitutions matter to authoritarian regimes because they provide solutions for problems of governance. We argue to the contrary: the constitution appeals to the Chinese Communist Party (the Party or the ccp) because it does not provide solutions to fundamental issues of governance. Instead, such issues are kept out of the constitution so that they can be addressed by the Party through other regulatory mechanisms outside of the constitutional realm. In support of our thesis, we pr

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5

Choi, Sungkyoung, Sanghyun Park, and So Yoon Kim. "A Comparative Study on the Constitutional Right to Health in the Western Pacific Region Countries." Asia Pacific Journal of Public Health 30, no. 5 (2018): 458–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1010539518789351.

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We examined the constitutional provisions on the right to health in the Western Pacific region countries and compared universal health coverage (UHC) achievement. In 9 of the 11 countries, the constitution had provisions related to health rights, of which 7 countries also included details related to the health care system. Additionally, 5 countries also had provisions for the vulnerable. The countries with weak state obligation and no clear provisions on health rights (China and Laos) all recorded low UHC achievement scores. Australia and Malaysia, which do not have constitutional provisions r

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6

Osuchowska, Marta, and Aleksandra Syryt. "Konstytucyjne podstawy wolności religijnej w wybranych państwach Europy i Ameryki Łacińskiej." Polski Przegląd Stosunków Miedzynarodowych, no. 5 (May 3, 2018): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/ppsm.2015.05.04.

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The constitutional basis for religious freedom in selected countries in Europe and Latin AmericaReligion helps man keep his own identity. It enables him to participate in a common heritage. The study provides the constitutional basis for religious freedom in the individual dimension in selected countries in Europe and Latin America. The authors discuss the provisions on religious freedom enshrined in the constitutions of Italy, Spain and Portugal, as well as Argentina, Chile and Colombia.The analysis leads to the conclusion that religious freedom is a human right protected both in the constitu

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7

Zhang, Tianyi, Hui Luo, Dawei Wei, et al. "Traditional Chinese Medicine Constitution Correlated with Ischemic Stroke: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis." Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (June 24, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5524925.

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Objective. To investigate the correlation between traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) body constitution and ischemic stroke (IS). Methods. Literature search was conducted in databases including Wanfang database, Chongqing VIP, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Embase, and PubMed from inception to November 16, 2020. Observational studies evaluating the association between TCM body constitution and IS were included for analysis. The distribution of body constitutional types in IS patients was pooled into meta-analysis. The correlation between constitution and IS was presented by the odds r

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8

Lu, Da. "The First Written Communist Constitutions in China and Hungary and the Influence of the 1936 Soviet Constitution: A Comparative Perspective." Hungarian Journal of Legal Studies 60, no. 2 (2019): 209–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/2052.2019.00013.

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AbstractFollowing World War II, a series of Conferences were held among the great powers. Hungary, along with its neighboring countries, had to join the socialist bloc and transformed itself into a socialist system. The Communist Party adopted the communist Constitution as soon as they won the parliamentary election. In the Far East, the Chinese Communist Party also promulgated its Constitution after the first election of the National People’s Republic. In this article, the author will firstly examine how the Constitution adopted between China and Hungary followed by a comparative analysis of

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9

Yung, Tim. "Keeping up with the Chinese: Constituting and Reconstituting the Anglican Church in South China, 1897–1951." Studies in Church History 56 (May 15, 2020): 383–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/stc.2019.21.

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When Anglican missionaries helped to constitute the Chinese Anglican Church (Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui) in 1912, they had a particular expectation of how the church would one day become self-supporting, self-governing and self-propagating. The first constitution crafted by missionary bishops presupposed an infant church that would require the step-by-step guidance of its parent association. However, the intended trajectory was superseded by the zeal of Chinese Christians and drastic changes in the national government of China. The constitutional basis of the Chinese Anglican Church had to be re

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10

Nevinskij, V. V. "THE MAIN TRENDS OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL AND LEGAL REGULATING THE CHINESE PEOPLE’S ECONOMY REPUBLICS AT THE TURN OF THE ХХ AND ХIХ CENTURIES". Courier of Kutafin Moscow State Law University (MSAL)), № 1 (7 квітня 2021): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2311-5998.2021.77.1.081-089.

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The article examines the essence and the main trends of constitutional and legal regulation of the Chinese economy at the turn of the 20th and 21st centuries. One of the obvious consequences along the way is the tendency to revive and enhance the role of “socialist law with Chinese specificity”. In the era of reform, the 1982 Constitution of the People’s Republic of China and the laws as the basis of the legal regulatory mechanism in various spheres of Chinese society, including the economy, are important. The peculiarities of building China’s legal system, including the reasons for a small sh

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11

Ollick, Stephan F. H. "Taking Embodiment Seriously: Constitutional Law, the Economy and the Forms of Underdeterminacy." Max Planck Yearbook of United Nations Law Online 23, no. 1 (2020): 290–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757413_023001010.

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Economic policy does not require a constitutional grounding. However, many constitutions expressly dedicate articles and chapters to the national economy while others produce comparable effects by indirectly privileging particular economic arrangements. The constitutions of the US, the People’s Republic of China and the Philippines and the Basic Law of Hong Kong can plausibly be invoked to justify State approaches to economic ordering. However, each of them essentially underdetermines the economic fundamentals of the polity, not merely by deferring their concretization to governments and judic

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12

Undurraga, Verónica. "Engendering a constitutional moment: The quest for parity in the Chilean Constitutional Convention." International Journal of Constitutional Law 18, no. 2 (2020): 466–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moaa049.

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Abstract Chile is living a constitutional moment, and the achievement of parity democracy might be part of it. The constitutional roadmap includes a plebiscite where citizens will decide whether they want a new constitution. The plebiscite was to be held in April 2020 but, due to the COVID-19 emergency, it had to be rescheduled to take place in October this year. If the option for a new constitution wins, a constituent body must be elected. To ensure parity in that election, a group of feminist political scientists and a cross-party alliance of women deputies drafted a parity bill that was app

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13

Verdugo, Sergio, and Marcela Prieto. "The dual aversion of Chile’s constitution-making process." International Journal of Constitutional Law 19, no. 1 (2021): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moab011.

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Abstract Chile initiated a constitution-making process in late 2019, after the major political parties signed an agreement to respond to the massive demonstrations that took over the streets in October of 2019. Dominant trends in Chile and Latin America’s constitutional thought typically examine this type of process through the lenses of the constituent power or transformative constitutionalism. The authors of this essay offer a different view. They argue that Chile’s constitution-making process, as designed by the multiparty agreement, manifests a double aversion: to avoid the Bolivarian way

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14

Zhang, Q. "A constitution without constitutionalism? The paths of constitutional development in China." International Journal of Constitutional Law 8, no. 4 (2010): 950–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/mor003.

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15

Liu, Tianyuan. "The Political Legitimacy of the Communist Party of China From the Perspective of Constitution." Asian Journal of Social Science Studies 3, no. 1 (2018): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.20849/ajsss.v3i1.353.

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The Communist Party of China’s political legitimacy is a result which is based on its unique advanced and excellent quality, combines the basic principles of Marxism-Leninism with the concrete practice of China, and gains the support of Chinese people because of leading Chinese people to overthrow the reactionary rule to establish a new completely people's political regime and putting forward the line and route which conform to the development direction and requirement of Chinese social history. That is to say, this is the objective result of the Chinese people's sincere choice and commitment,

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16

IP, Eric C. "Prototype Constitutional Supervision in China: The Lessons of the Hong Kong Basic Law Committee." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 10, no. 2 (2015): 323–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2016.2.

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AbstractRecurrent proposals to establish a constitutional supervisory committee have been pertinaciously rejected in spite of widespread recognition of the Chinese Constitution’s ineffectiveness. And yet, the Hong Kong Basic Law Committee has long epitomized in practice a prototypic form of constitutional supervision. Vested with quasi-judicial competences, the Committee seemed destined for a central role under the “One Country, Two Systems” arrangement. The tight secrecy imposed on its proceedings and the suppression of its potential to act consistently and with a distinct identity have fatal

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17

Eisenstadt, Todd A., and Tofigh Maboudi. "Being There Is Half the Battle: Group Inclusion, Constitution-Writing, and Democracy." Comparative Political Studies 52, no. 13-14 (2019): 2135–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0010414019830739.

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Using an original data set assessing the effect of the 195 new constitutions worldwide over the past 40 years on levels of democracy, this article argues that when popular participation and group inclusion are both considered, inclusion is what matters. After showing that group inclusion generates more improvements in levels of democracy than mere participation in our data set of implemented constitutions, we address some of the prominent cases of constitution-writing failure that occur when individual participation is valued more highly than group inclusion. The article shows that even after

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18

JHAVERI, Swati. "Reconstitutionalizing Politics in the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China." Asian Journal of Comparative Law 13, no. 1 (2017): 27–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/asjcl.2017.21.

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AbstractThe question of whether constitutional law can protect, consolidate, and advance democracy has been considered extensively in multiple jurisdictions. The issue has not yet been considered in the context of one of the most problematic contemporary democratic transitions: Hong Kong’s, from an externally governed colonial outpost to a self-governed suffrage-based special administrative region of the People’s Republic of China. The Basic Law of Hong Kong proposes the eventual election of the Legislative Council and Chief Executive of Hong Kong by some form of universal suffrage. These prov

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19

Berbert-Campos, Cláudia. "Legal Considerations in the Management of Cleft Lip and Palate." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 44, no. 2 (2007): 223–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1597/05-209.1.

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Objectives: To inform professionals providing care to individuals with cleft lip and palate on the legal aspects and organizations available to protect individuals with this alteration, and to advocate that cleft lip and palate should be considered a handicap, even though it is provisional and may be rehabilitated, to assure afflicted individuals basic rights and complete personal, social, and economic welfare. Design: Literature review on the issue, including assessment of national and international laws, doctrines, and jurisprudences; conceptual analysis of the word “handicapped” in dictiona

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20

Diamant, Neil J., and Feng Xiaocai. "Textual Anxiety: Reading (and Misreading) the Draft Constitution in China, 1954." Journal of Cold War Studies 20, no. 3 (2018): 153–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jcws_a_00769.

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This article uses comments, questions, and conversations about the PRC's draft constitution of 1954 to assess state legitimacy and how people felt more generally about the Communist regime. Taking advantage of untapped archival sources in Hong Kong and the mainland—including classified intraparty reports and transcripts from meetings in factories, police stations, universities, and villages—this article challenges the conventional view that the constitution bolstered support for the Chinese Communist Party (CCP). Instead, the document generated a great deal of anxiety among ordinary citizens,

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21

Ensalaco, Mark. "In with the New, Out with the Old? The Democratising Impact of Constitutional Reform in Chile." Journal of Latin American Studies 26, no. 2 (1994): 409–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022216x00016278.

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On 30 July 1989 Chileans cast ballots in an historic but unheralded plebiscite, and approved a massive revision of the Constitution that in 1980 the Pinochet regime had crafted to institutionalise its rule. Some observers had doubted that it would be possible to change Pinochet's prized ‘Constitution of Liberty’, while others have since questioned the significance of the reforms that were achieved. In fact, as a result of the July referendum, 54 modifications involving 12 of the document's 14 chapters were enacted before the Constitution even went fully into effect. Moreover, since the reestab

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22

Shigong, Jiang. "Written and Unwritten Constitutions: A New Approach to the Study of Constitutional Government in China." Modern China 36, no. 1 (2009): 12–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0097700409349703.

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23

Xu, Fei, Genlong Wu, Jianlong Miao, Ruijuan Liu, Zihui Tang, and Jingcheng Dong. "Coronary arterial disease correlates with constitutions of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A cross-sectional study in a Chinese cohort." Traditional Medicine and Modern Medicine 01, no. 03 (2018): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2575900018500118.

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Introduction: This study aimed to explore the associations between constitutions of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and coronary artery disease (CAD).Methods: A large-scale, community-based, cross-sectional study was performed to investigate the associations. A total of 3,748 participants were available for analysis in this study. The assessment of the constitution of TCM was based on recommendations by the Association for Chinese Medicine in China. In this study, a diagnosis of CAD was based on self-reported medical history. The associations were analyzed using univariate and multivariable

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24

Jiang, Zhu-ming, Si-yan Zhan, Li Zuo, et al. "Guideline for [Clinical Guidelines Constitution/Amendment] in China." International Journal for Quality in Health Care 31, no. 7 (2018): 568–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzy214.

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Abstract Quality problem or issue Chinese medical institutions need clinical guidelines to improve healthcare quality. Unfamiliarity with clinical methodology and procedures leads to poor quality. Initial assessment This study examined 327 clinical guidelines made in China during the period of 2006–10 and found these clinical guidelines have many problems in terms of guideline making procedures-compliant process, conflicts of interest disclosure. Choice of solution Chinese Medical Association organized a working group in 2014 to make a national [Guideline for Clinical Guidelines Constitution/A

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25

Li, Hua-yu. "The Political Stalinization of China: The Establishment of One-Party Constitutionalism, 1948–1954." Journal of Cold War Studies 3, no. 2 (2001): 28–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/152039701300373871.

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This article offers a fresh perspective on the establishment of a one-party constitutional structure in China from 1948 to 1954, using documents and first-hand accounts published in China over the past two decades. These documents suggest that the Stalinization of China cannot be understood outside the larger context of the political Stalinization of the rest of the Communist world. Stalin played a critical role in determining the pace of political reform in China, and he actively encouraged Mao to allow non-Communists to take part in the Chinese electoral process and in the writing of the Chi

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26

Zapata, Antonio. "Los chinos de Cuba y del Perú." Investigaciones Sociales 22, no. 42 (2020): 131–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.15381/is.v22i42.17485.

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Este artículo revisa la producción académica sobre la inmigración china a Cuba y al Perú. Su pregunta principal es porqué han producido resultados tan diferentes. Halla su explicación en el terreno de la política, pues el origen social y los vínculos transnacionales fueron muy semejantes. Los chinos de Cuba participaron en la lucha por la independencia y fueron rápidamente asimilados como parte de las fuerzas que terminaron con el colonialismo español. Sin embargo, décadas después, la revolución cubana expropió los pequeños negocios y los chino cubanos iniciaron un éxodo que los llevó a migrar

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27

Alekseenko, Aleksandr P. "The Establishment of the Supervisory Government in China." Constitutional and municipal law 1 (January 28, 2021): 74–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1812-3767-2021-1-74-77.

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This paper examines amendments to the Chinese Constitution made in 2018, concerns the establishment of supervisory commissions. The Supervision Law of the PRC which develops Constitutional provisions is also studied. The author analyzes legal status of the State Supervision Commission and local supervision bodies. There is made a conclusion that abovementioned bodies have broad powers in the field of extra-judicial struggle against corruption. Moreover, it is argued that supervision bodies are not under control of administrative and judicial bodies of the PRC, and that they are responsible to

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28

Lu, Sentong. "On Constitutional Law Grounds of the State Policy in the PRC." Legal education and science 10 (October 8, 2020): 28–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/1813-1190-2020-10-28-34.

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Purpose. Scientific justification of the idea on the acknowledgment of the role of priority basic constitutional principles as grounds for the constitutional law regulation of the state policy in the PRC. Methodology: dialectics, hermeneutics, synergetics, philosophical conceptology. Conclusions. Holding a discussion on the approaches of the modern comparative linguistics to the identification of the development principles of the Chinese legal system, the author suggests referring the Chinese legal system to the socialist one with national peculiarities, historical succession, Chinese traditio

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29

Marín, Amaya Álvez. "CONSTITUTIONAL CHALLENGES OF THE SOUTH: INDIGENOUS WATER RIGHTS IN CHILE - ANOTHER STEP IN THE “CIVILIZING MISSION?" Windsor Yearbook of Access to Justice 33, no. 3 (2017): 87–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.22329/wyaj.v33i3.4888.

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This article explores the struggles of indigenous rights based on the adoption of the 1980 Chilean Constitution, under an authoritarian frame, that resulted in water being considered as a commodity and, therefore, subject to radical market rules that serves as a relevant local example in conflict with ratified international treaties. The argument proposes a critical approach to establish a continuum of the recurring rejection of the ancestral beliefs of Indigenous People since colonial times. In light of the actual constituent process for drafting a new constitution in Chile (2015), the articl

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30

Kim, Bohoon. "Revision of the Constitution of China and the Change of the Constitutional Status of the Communist Party of China." Korean-Chinese Social Science Studies 17, no. 4 (2019): 9–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.36527/kcsss.17.4.1.

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He, Mengyu, and Hajar Abdul Rahim. "EXPLORING IMPLICIT META-DISCOURSE IN LEGAL DISCOURSE: AN ANALYSIS OF THE CHINESE AND AMERICAN CONSTITUTIONS." Indonesian Journal of Applied Linguistics 7, no. 2 (2017): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijal.v7i2.8138.

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Research in meta-discourse, particularly explicit meta-discourse or meta-discourse markers has contributed much knowledge on the discourse features of specialised genres. However, there are very few studies on implicit meta-discourse. The current study explores implicit meta-discourse in legal discourse by comparing the implicit interpersonal meta-discourse in the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China with the Constitution of the United States. The focus of the study is the use of implicit meta-discourse, particularly the grammatical meta-discourse in the legal discourse of two differ

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32

Agafonov, A. V., E. V. Shabanova (Kobozeva), S. V. Asbaganov, A. V. Mglinets, and V. S. Bogdanova. "Identification of genome compositions in allopolyploid species of the genus Elymus(Poaceae: Triticeae) in the Asian part of Russia by CAPS analysis." Vavilov Journal of Genetics and Breeding 24, no. 2 (2020): 115–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.18699/vj20.606.

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The genus ElymusL., together with wheat, rye, and barley, belongs to the tribe Triticeae. Apart from its economic value, this tribe is characterized by abundance of polyploid taxa formed in the course of remote hybridization. Single-copy nuclear genes are convenient markers for identification of source genomes incorporated into polyploids. In the present work, a CAPS-marker is developed to distinguish basic St, H, and Y genomes comprising polyploid genomes of Asiatic species of the genus Elymus. The test is based on electrophoretic analysis of restriction patterns of a PCR-amplified fragment o

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33

Pérez Navarro, Camila. "Reconstrucción del proceso de elaboración de la Ley Orgánica Constitucional de Enseñanza: actores, proyectos y disputas ideológicas. Chile, 1973–1990." Espacio, Tiempo y Educación 5, no. 2 (2018): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/ete.170.

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The aim of this article is to analyze the main debates, projects and conflicts presented in the process of drafting the Constitutional Organic Law of Education (LOCE) during the period of the Chilean Dictatorship (1973-1990). In that period, the national education system was the subjected to structural transformation, as market principles were introduced to schools and higher education institutions in response to decisions made by various civilian and military players. This research reports an analysis of their proposals and lines of action, and how they were involved in the discussion framewo

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34

Jinguang, HU. "CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTIONS IN CHINA." JOURNAL OF COMMERCIAL LAW REVIEW 4, no. 1 (2020): 47–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47297/wspjclrwsp2516-249703.20200401.

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35

Edelman, Bryan, and James T. Richardson. "Falun Gong and the Law: Development of Legal Social Control in China." Nova Religio 6, no. 2 (2003): 312–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/nr.2003.6.2.312.

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In 1999 the government of the People's Republic of China (PRC) labeled Falun Gong an "evil cult" and began a campaign to eliminate the qigong movement of which it was a part. The West was quick to condemn the PRC's action as a violation of human rights. In response, the PRC government criticized the West for interfering in its internal affairs, and using "human rights" as an excuse to impose its will upon the PRC. Rather than formulating an attack on the PRC government using Western principles of democracy, human rights, and the rule of law, this article analyzes the legality of the PRC's camp

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Streltsov, D. V. "QUALITATIVE CHANGES IN JAPAN’S POLICY IN THE FIELD OF MILITARY SECURITY IN 2013." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(32) (October 28, 2013): 24–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2013-5-32-24-32.

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The article deals with the qualitative changes that have taken place in the course of Japan in the field of military security in December 2012 after the rise of the second Abe Cabinet. These changes include tightening of the policy towards China, stronger defense policy coordination with the countries concerned with the growth of Beijing's military ambitions, as well as the revision of the basic strategy of defense capacity-building.A special place in Tokyo’s new policy was taken by the moves aimed at revising the Constitution. Constitutional reform is seen in Tokyo as a sort of milestone mark

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Loveman, Brian. "¿Mision Cumplida? Civil Military Relations and the Chilean Political Transition." Journal of Interamerican Studies and World Affairs 33, no. 3 (1991): 35–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/165933.

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The armed forces have reconstructed authentic democracy. They have once again definitively carried out their mission…. I love this country more than Life itself.Captain General Augusto Pinochet11 September 1989The Constitution of 1980 does not meet, in its elaboration of the manner in which it was ratified, the essential conditions required by constitutional doctrine for the existence of a legitimate political order based on the rule of law.Francisco Cumplido C. (1983)Minister of Justice (1990)On 11 March 1990, Patricio Aylwin took office as Chile's first elected president since 1970. Chile th

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Otcheskaya, T. I. "The prosecutor’s office on the defense human and civil rights and freedoms in the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China." Legal Science in China and Russia, no. 4 (September 16, 2021): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.17803/2587-9723.2021.4.087-092.

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The article is devoted to topical issues of protection of human and civil rights and freedoms by an important state body — the prosecutor’s offi ce in two states — the Russian Federation and the People’s Republic of China. The author investigated the issue of the formation of prosecutorial supervision in the European space in the mechanism of statehood on the example of the Russian Federation and in the Asian space on the example of the People’s Republic of China.At the same time, the approaches of the two states to the protection of human rights at the constitutional level, which are regulate

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39

Li, Songfeng. "FREEDOM IN HANDCUFFS: RELIGIOUS FREEDOM IN THE CONSTITUTION OF CHINA." Journal of Law and Religion 35, no. 1 (2020): 113–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jlr.2020.1.

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AbstractArticle 36 of the Chinese Constitution tells only part of the story about religious freedom in China. The Chinese constitution establishes five restrictions on the religious freedom described in Article 36. First, the Chinese Constitution establishes state atheism as an official ideology. All Chinese citizens, whether religious believers or not, are required to be educated in Marxist ideology and under the leadership of the Chinese Communist Party. Second, religious freedom, along with other rights in the Chinese Constitution, are merely legal rights, rather than fundamental rights. Th

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40

Malysheva, N. I. "Legitimation, Legitimacy and Legality of Law in the Chinese Legal System." Russian Journal of Legal Studies 5, no. 2 (2018): 152–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rjls18416.

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The article analyzes the problems of legitimation, legitimacy and legality of law in the light of the Chinese legal system. It is noted that the above theoretical and legal categories, which have been developed in the framework of various types of legal understanding, need serious clarification, taking into account the peculiarities of the Chinese political and legal reality. From the historical point of view attention is being paid to Confucianism and Legalism, which have laid the foundations of the Chinese legal tradition and are influencing China’s law system until now. The author is examin

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41

Durneika, Erik. "China’s Favored Muslims? The Complex Relationship between the Chinese Communist Party and the Hui Ethnic Group." Sociology of Islam 6, no. 4 (2018): 429–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22131418-00604003.

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The People’s Republic of China remains a multinational unitary state, where the prc Constitution expressly guarantees freedom of religion and fair treatment of ethnic minorities. The Chinese Communist Party (ccp) retains ultimate authority regarding internal and external affairs, including the selective enforcement of constitutional rights. Various ethnic groups, such as the Turkic Uighurs, have long been perceived as rebellious, while the Muslim Hui have often been treated favorably, with laxer enforcement of laws and more religious autonomy. Many attribute this “model minority” perception of

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42

Lambert, Priscilla, and Druscilla Scribner. "Constitutions and Gender Equality in Chile and Argentina." Journal of Politics in Latin America 13, no. 2 (2021): 219–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1866802x211024245.

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Gender equality provisions have become nearly standard in constitutional design for new democracies. How do such provisions affect the ability of women’s rights advocates to achieve social change? To address this question, we compare the political use (legislation, policy, and judicial interpretation) of these provisions in Chile and Argentina, countries that differ with respect to how they have constitutionalised gender rights. The comparative analysis demonstrates how gender-specific constitutional provisions provide a legal basis and legitimacy for women’s rights advocates to advance new po

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43

PIERRE, P. D. S. ST. "Constitution of Bone China: II, Reactions in Bone China Bodies." Journal of the American Ceramic Society 38, no. 6 (2006): 217–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1955.tb14933.x.

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Nogueira Alcalá, Humberto. "El camino hacia una nueva Constitución." Teoría y Realidad Constitucional, no. 46 (December 16, 2020): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/trc.46.2020.29125.

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El artículo analiza la explosión social ocurrida en octubre de 2019 en Chile, que se manifiesta por importantes fuerzas sociales que demandan significativos cambios políticos y sociales, como también una nueva Constitución. Dicha movilización de la sociedad civil implicó una toma de conciencia por parte del Gobierno y del Congreso Nacional de los graves problemas sociales no asumidos en la política gubernamental, lo que llevará a un acuerdo político parlamentario que asume el agotamiento del sistema constitucional y el desarrollo de un proceso constituyente, el cual queda regulado en un epígra

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45

Shiquan, Xu. "DPP Transformation and Constitutional One China." American Foreign Policy Interests 34, no. 4 (2012): 216–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10803920.2012.706563.

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46

Xie, Libin. "What is constitutional property in China?" China-EU Law Journal 4, no. 1 (2015): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12689-015-0054-3.

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Sen'tun, Lu. "The Role of the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China in the Formation and Preservation of the State Constitutional Identity." Journal of Foreign Legislation and Comparative Law 17, no. 2 (2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/jflcl.2021.022.

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Li, Shu Ting, Kun Zhou, and Zhi Min Li. "Research on the Sustainable Developing Construction Space Design of Primary and Secondary Schools." Advanced Materials Research 243-249 (May 2011): 6474–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.243-249.6474.

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At present in China the majority of primary and secondary schools teaching space takes “the long corridor connecting fixed ordinary classroom” as a characteristic, it cannot meet the need of education reform for all -around development in the 21st century. This article firstly introduced overseas spatial constitution pattern with “main street series connecting functional units” in education development advanced area , then analyzed and elaborated that the spatial constitution pattern have certain superiority, either in saving the construction land, or in adaptation emerging teaching method and

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49

Muñoz León, Fernando. "De la segregación racial al constitucionalismo neoliberal: hacia una historia conceptual de la discriminación." Revista de Humanidades, no. 42 (May 4, 2021): 77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/rdh.42.2021.25772.

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Resumen: El presente artículo esboza los supuestos y estrategias de una historia conceptual de la discriminación, aproximación al estudio histórico de esta problemática que ilustra identificando usos discursivos de dicha palabra que muestran que el origen del concepto en cuestión se encuentra en el Estados Unidos de la posguerra civil, donde adquirió un renovado significado conceptual a partir de la experiencia de la segregación racial, para posteriormente abordar las circunstancias que permitieron la constitucionalización del concepto de discriminación en el Chile de Augusto Pinochet, donde f

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50

van Alebeek, Rosanne, and Ursula E. A. Weitzel. "Constitutional and Institutional Developments." Leiden Journal of International Law 13, no. 2 (2000): 339–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156500000236.

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On 7 February 2000 Judge Gilbert Guillaume (France) was elected President of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) by his peers. He has been a member of the Court since 14 September 1987. Judge Shi Jiuyong (China) was elected Vice-President. He has been a member of the Court since 6 February 1994. They will both serve a three-year term.

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