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Статті в журналах з теми "Contact tracing apps":

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O'Connell, James, Manzar Abbas, Sarah Beecham, Jim Buckley, Muslim Chochlov, Brian Fitzgerald, Liam Glynn, et al. "Best Practice Guidance for Digital Contact Tracing Apps: A Cross-disciplinary Review of the Literature." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 6 (June 7, 2021): e27753. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27753.

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Background Digital contact tracing apps have the potential to augment contact tracing systems and disrupt COVID-19 transmission by rapidly identifying secondary cases prior to the onset of infectiousness and linking them into a system of quarantine, testing, and health care worker case management. The international experience of digital contact tracing apps during the COVID-19 pandemic demonstrates how challenging their design and deployment are. Objective This study aims to derive and summarize best practice guidance for the design of the ideal digital contact tracing app. Methods A collaborative cross-disciplinary approach was used to derive best practice guidance for designing the ideal digital contact tracing app. A search of the indexed and gray literature was conducted to identify articles describing or evaluating digital contact tracing apps. MEDLINE was searched using a combination of free-text terms and Medical Subject Headings search terms. Gray literature sources searched were the World Health Organization Institutional Repository for Information Sharing, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control publications library, and Google, including the websites of many health protection authorities. Articles that were acceptable for inclusion in this evidence synthesis were peer-reviewed publications, cohort studies, randomized trials, modeling studies, technical reports, white papers, and media reports related to digital contact tracing. Results Ethical, user experience, privacy and data protection, technical, clinical and societal, and evaluation considerations were identified from the literature. The ideal digital contact tracing app should be voluntary and should be equitably available and accessible. User engagement could be enhanced by small financial incentives, enabling users to tailor aspects of the app to their particular needs and integrating digital contact tracing apps into the wider public health information campaign. Adherence to the principles of good data protection and privacy by design is important to convince target populations to download and use digital contact tracing apps. Bluetooth Low Energy is recommended for a digital contact tracing app's contact event detection, but combining it with ultrasound technology may improve a digital contact tracing app's accuracy. A decentralized privacy-preserving protocol should be followed to enable digital contact tracing app users to exchange and record temporary contact numbers during contact events. The ideal digital contact tracing app should define and risk-stratify contact events according to proximity, duration of contact, and the infectiousness of the case at the time of contact. Evaluating digital contact tracing apps requires data to quantify app downloads, use among COVID-19 cases, successful contact alert generation, contact alert receivers, contact alert receivers that adhere to quarantine and testing recommendations, and the number of contact alert receivers who subsequently are tested positive for COVID-19. The outcomes of digital contact tracing apps' evaluations should be openly reported to allow for the wider public to review the evaluation of the app. Conclusions In conclusion, key considerations and best practice guidance for the design of the ideal digital contact tracing app were derived from the literature.
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Scassa, Teresa. "COVID-19 Contact Tracing." International Journal of E-Planning Research 10, no. 2 (April 2021): 45–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.20210401.oa4.

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This article surveys the rise of contact tracing technologies during the COVID-19 pandemic and some of the privacy, ethical, and human rights issues they raise. It examines the relationship of these technologies to local public health initiatives, and how the privacy debate over these apps made the technology in some cases less responsive to public health agency needs. The article suggests that as countries enter the return to normal phase, the more important and more invasive contact tracing and disease surveillance technologies will be deployed at the local level in the context of employment, transit, retail services, and other activities. The smart city may be co-opted for COVID-19 surveillance, and individuals will experience tracking and monitoring as they go to work, shop, dine, and commute. The author questions whether the attention given to national contact tracing apps has overshadowed more local contexts where privacy, ethical, and human rights issues remain deeply important but relatively unexamined. This raises issues for city local governance and urban e-planning.
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Vaughan, Adam. "The problems with contact-tracing apps." New Scientist 246, no. 3279 (April 2020): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0262-4079(20)30787-9.

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Aouragh, Miriyam, Seda Gürses, Helen Pritchard, and Femke Snelting. "The extractive infrastructures of contact tracing apps." Journal of Environmental Media 1, no. 2 (August 1, 2020): 9.1–9.9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/jem_00030_1.

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The COVID-19 pandemic will go down in history as a major crisis, with calls for debt moratoriums that are expected to have gruesome effects in the Global South. Another tale of this crisis that would come to dominate COVID-19 news across the world was a new technological application: the contact tracing apps. In this article, we argue that both accounts ‐ economic implications for the Global South and the ideology of techno-solutionism ‐ are closely related. We map the phenomenon of the tracing app onto past and present wealth accumulations. To understand these exploitative realities, we focus on the implications of contact tracing apps and their relation with extractive technologies as we build on the notion racial capitalism. By presenting themselves in isolation of capitalism and extractivism, contact tracing apps hide raw realities, concealing the supply chains that allow the production of these technologies and the exploitative conditions of labour that make their computational magic manifest itself. As a result of this artificial separation, the technological solutionism of contract tracing apps is ultimately presented as a moral choice between life and death. We regard our work as requiring continuous undoing ‐ a necessary but unfinished formal dismantling of colonial structures through decolonial resistance.
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Ali, Auwal Shehu, and Zarul Fitri Zaaba. "A Study on Contact Tracing Apps for Covid-19: Privacy and Security Perspective." Webology 18, no. 1 (April 29, 2021): 341–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/web/v18i1/web18093.

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To support the manual contact tracing methods of Covid-19, countries and big companies like Apple and Google are busy developing several contact tracing applications. The purpose of digital contact tracing apps is to accelerate existing traditional face to face interview method which can control the pandemic effectively and rapidly. A major concern is whether consumers will be willing to download, install, and use the contact tracing applications because of the debate it created about its main attribute like security, privacy concern, system framework, data processing, location measurement. In this paper we discuss the contact tracing apps and its different architecture, then we analyze the framework in term of security, privacy concern and privacy policy. We reported 47 contact tracing applications which are from 28 countries worldwide, with several others expected to be roll out later. We found that 23 percent of contact tracing apps currently implemented do not provide privacy policy in their documentation. We believe that these comprehensive evaluation and specific suggestions will lead to creation and implementation of solutions towards Covid-19 and support governments and mobile development industries in creating safe and privacy conserving apps for contact tracing solutions.
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Hogan, Katie, Briana Macedo, Venkata Macha, Arko Barman, and Xiaoqian Jiang. "Contact Tracing Apps: Lessons Learned on Privacy, Autonomy, and the Need for Detailed and Thoughtful Implementation." JMIR Medical Informatics 9, no. 7 (July 19, 2021): e27449. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27449.

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The global and national response to the COVID-19 pandemic has been inadequate due to a collective lack of preparation and a shortage of available tools for responding to a large-scale pandemic. By applying lessons learned to create better preventative methods and speedier interventions, the harm of a future pandemic may be dramatically reduced. One potential measure is the widespread use of contact tracing apps. While such apps were designed to combat the COVID-19 pandemic, the time scale in which these apps were deployed proved a significant barrier to efficacy. Many companies and governments sprinted to deploy contact tracing apps that were not properly vetted for performance, privacy, or security issues. The hasty development of incomplete contact tracing apps undermined public trust and negatively influenced perceptions of app efficacy. As a result, many of these apps had poor voluntary public uptake, which greatly decreased the apps’ efficacy. Now, with lessons learned from this pandemic, groups can better design and test apps in preparation for the future. In this viewpoint, we outline common strategies employed for contact tracing apps, detail the successes and shortcomings of several prominent apps, and describe lessons learned that may be used to shape effective contact tracing apps for the present and future. Future app designers can keep these lessons in mind to create a version that is suitable for their local culture, especially with regard to local attitudes toward privacy-utility tradeoffs during public health crises.
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Zimmermann, Bettina Maria, Amelia Fiske, Barbara Prainsack, Nora Hangel, Stuart McLennan, and Alena Buyx. "Early Perceptions of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps in German-Speaking Countries: Comparative Mixed Methods Study." Journal of Medical Internet Research 23, no. 2 (February 8, 2021): e25525. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/25525.

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Background The main German-speaking countries (Germany, Austria, and Switzerland) have implemented digital contact tracing apps to assist the authorities with COVID-19 containment strategies. Low user rates for these apps can affect contact tracing and, thus, its usefulness in controlling the spread of the novel coronavirus. Objective This study aimed to assess the early perceptions of people living in the German-speaking countries and compare them with the frames portrayed in the newspapers during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods We conducted qualitative interviews with 159 participants of the SolPan project. Of those, 110 participants discussed contact tracing apps and were included in this study. We analyzed articles regarding contact tracing apps from 12 newspapers in the German-speaking countries. Results Study participants perceived and newspaper coverage in all German-speaking countries framed contact tracing apps as governmental surveillance tools and embedded them in a broader context of technological surveillance. Participants identified trust in authorities, respect of individual privacy, voluntariness, and temporary use of contact tracing apps as prerequisites for democratic compatibility. Newspapers commonly referenced the use of such apps in Asian countries, emphasizing the differences in privacy regulation among these countries. Conclusions The uptake of digital contact tracing apps in German-speaking countries may be undermined due to privacy risks that are not compensated by potential benefits and are rooted in a deeper skepticism towards digital tools. When authorities plan to implement new digital tools and practices in the future, they should be very transparent and proactive in communicating their objectives and the role of the technology—and how it differs from other, possibly similar, tools. It is also important to publicly address ethical, legal, and social issues related to such technologies prior to their launch.
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Shubina, Viktoriia, Aleksandr Ometov, Anahid Basiri, and Elena Simona Lohan. "Effectiveness modelling of digital contact-tracing solutions for tackling the COVID-19 pandemic." Journal of Navigation 74, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 853–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0373463321000175.

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AbstractSince the beginning of the coronavirus (COVID-19) global pandemic, digital contact-tracing applications (apps) have been at the centre of attention as a digital tool to enable citizens to monitor their social distancing, which appears to be one of the leading practices for mitigating the spread of airborne infectious diseases. Many countries have been working towards developing suitable digital contact-tracing apps to allow the measurement of the physical distance between citizens and to alert them when contact with an infected individual has occurred. However, the adoption of digital contact-tracing apps has faced several challenges so far, including interoperability between mobile devices and users’ privacy concerns. There is a need to reach a trade-off between the achievable technical performance of new technology, false-positive rates, and social and behavioural factors. This paper reviews a wide range of factors and classifies them into three categories of technical, epidemiological and social ones, and incorporates these into a compact mathematical model. The paper evaluates the effectiveness of digital contact-tracing apps based on received signal strength measurements. The results highlight the limitations, potential and challenges of the adoption of digital contact-tracing apps.
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Osmanlliu, Esli, Edmond Rafie, Sylvain Bédard, Jesseca Paquette, Genevieve Gore, and Marie-Pascale Pomey. "Considerations for the Design and Implementation of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps: Scoping Review." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, no. 6 (June 9, 2021): e27102. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/27102.

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Background Given the magnitude and speed of SARS-CoV-2 transmission, achieving timely and effective manual contact tracing has been a challenging task. Early in the pandemic, contact tracing apps generated substantial enthusiasm due to their potential for automating tracing and reducing transmission rates while enabling targeted confinement strategies. However, although surveys demonstrate public interest in using such apps, their actual uptake remains limited. Their social acceptability is challenged by issues around privacy, fairness, and effectiveness, among other concerns. Objective This study aims to examine the extent to which design and implementation considerations for contact tracing apps are detailed in the available literature, focusing on aspects related to participatory and responsible eHealth innovation, and synthesize recommendations that support the development of successful COVID-19 contact tracing apps and related eHealth technologies. Methods Searches were performed on five databases, and articles were selected based on eligibility criteria. Papers pertaining to the design, implementation, or acceptability of contact tracing apps were included. Articles published since 2019, written in English or French, and for which the full articles were available were considered eligible for analysis. To assess the scope of the knowledge found in the current literature, we used three complementary frameworks: (1) the Holistic Framework to Improve the Uptake and Impact of eHealth Technologies, (2) the Montreal model, and (3) the Responsible Innovation in Health Assessment Tool. Results A total of 63 articles qualified for the final analysis. Less than half of the selected articles cited the need for a participatory process (n=25, 40%), which nonetheless was the most frequently referenced item of the Framework to Improve the Uptake and Impact of eHealth Technologies. Regarding the Montreal model, stakeholder consultation was the most frequently described level of engagement in the development of contact tracing apps (n=24, 38%), while collaboration and partnership were cited the least (n=2, 3%). As for the Responsible Innovation in Health framework, all the articles (n=63, 100%) addressed population health, whereas only 2% (n=1) covered environmental considerations. Conclusions Most studies lacked fundamental aspects of eHealth development and implementation. Our results demonstrate that stakeholders of COVID-19 contact tracing apps lack important information to be able to critically appraise this eHealth innovation. This may have contributed to the modest uptake of contact tracing apps worldwide. We make evidence-informed recommendations regarding data management, communication, stakeholder engagement, user experience, and implementation strategies for the successful and responsible development of contact tracing apps.
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Suh, Ayoung, and Mengjun Li. "Digital Tracing during the COVID-19 Pandemic: User Appraisal, Emotion, and Continuance Intention." Sustainability 13, no. 2 (January 10, 2021): 608. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020608.

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This study explores how people appraise the use of contact tracing apps during the novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in South Korea. Despite increasing attention paid to digital tracing for health disasters, few studies have empirically examined user appraisal, emotion, and their continuance intention to use contact tracing apps for disaster management during an infectious disease outbreak. A mixed-method approach combining qualitative and quantitative inquiries was employed. In the qualitative study, by conducting interviews with 25 people who have used mobile apps for contact tracing, the way users appraise contact tracing apps for COVID-19 was explored. In the quantitative study, using data collected from 506 users of the apps, the interplay among cognitive appraisal (threats and opportunities) and its association with user emotion, and continuance intention was examined. The findings indicate that once users experience loss emotions, such as anger, frustration, and disgust, they are not willing to continue using the apps. App designers should consider providing technological affordances that enable users to have a sense of control over the technology so that they do not experience loss emotions. Public policymakers should also consider developing measures that can balance public health and personal privacy.

Дисертації з теми "Contact tracing apps":

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Dabor, Abdalrhman. "Big Data Models and Artificial Intelligence in COVID-19 : A Systematic Literature Review." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för datavetenskap och medieteknik (DM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-105036.

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The study aims to identify the role of artificial intelligence and big data that can help us to confront the COVID-19. The study adopted the literature review methodology by reading and analyzing academic studies. This study was divided into two parts: a theoretical part that deals with the basic concepts of artificial intelligence and big data, and an analytical section that deals with reviewing and analyzing artificial intelligence and big data applications to confront COVID-19, including Contact Tracing Apps, then find the weaknesses and develop a recommendation list. The paper concludes that artificial intelligence and big data applications and apps could help to confrontCOVID-19 to some extent. However, artificial intelligence and big data are in the first steps. Moreover, they have not yet had a significant impact on controlling the COVID-19 since some issues and challenges hamper the use of these technologies like accuracy and public trust, etc. Hard work from governments is required in order to overcome these challenges in the first place. It is doubtful that these challenges will be addressed during the COVID-19. However, it is a great learning experience and an opportunity to develop our technologies to overcome future pandemics.

Книги з теми "Contact tracing apps":

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Landau, Susan. People Count: Contact-Tracing Apps and Public Health. MIT Press, 2021.

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Taking Stock of Regional Democratic Trends in Europe Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic. International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31752/idea.2021.5.

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This GSoD In Focus aims at providing a brief overview of the state of democracy in Europe at the end of 2019, prior to the outbreak of the pandemic, and then assesses some of the preliminary impacts that the pandemic has had on democracy in the region in the last 10 months. Key facts and findings include: • The COVID-19 pandemic arrived in a largely democratic Europe. Only 4 countries in the region (10 per cent) are not democracies, while many of the democracies are high performing. • Democracy in Europe, however, has in recent years experienced erosion and backsliding. More than half of European democracies have eroded in the last 5 years. In particular, 3 countries—Hungary, Poland and Serbia—have registered a more severe form of erosion, called democratic backsliding, with Hungary regressing on its democratic standards for the past 14 years. • The pandemic has intensified these pre-existing concerns. The 3 backsliding countries in Europe have implemented a number of measures to curb the pandemic that are concerning from a democracy standpoint. • The main democratic challenges caused by the pandemic in Europe pertain to the disruption of electoral cycles, curtailment of civil liberties, the use of contact tracing apps, the increase in gender inequality and domestic violence, risks to vulnerable groups, executive aggrandizement, protest waves, corruption cases and challenges in the relationship between local and national governance. • Europe’s democracies have mostly showed resilience, and opportunities for furthering the integrity of elections, for digitalization and for innovative social protests have arisen. The review of the state of democracy during the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 uses qualitative analysis and data of events and trends in the region collected through International IDEA’s Global Monitor of COVID-19’s Impact on Democracy and Human Rights, an initiative co-funded by the European Union.
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Diálogos entre políticas públicas e direito: participação e efetividade na sociedade contemporânea. Editora Amplla, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.51859/amplla.dpp146.1120-0.

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Esta obra se debruça sobre diálogos entre políticas públicas e direito, trazendo artigos científicos de diversos autores brasileiros acerca da participação e da sua efetividade na sociedade contemporânea. O livro apresenta um olhar interdisciplinar, sendo composto por capítulos escritos por pesquisadores não só da área jurídica, como também de Psicologia, Biologia, Odontologia e Pedagogia. A divisão dos capítulos parte de temas mais relacionados à participação política por diferentes vias, passando pelas demandas por efetivação dos direitos humanos, sem retrocesso social. Em seguida, transita por violações específicas no âmbito dos direitos a educação, igualdade racial e de gênero, moradia, dignidade física, psíquica e sexual, segurança pública e saúde. O primeiro capítulo discute em que medida foi eficaz a participação popular na tramitação da reforma política na Câmara dos Deputados do Brasil. Descreve as vias de participação popular nesse âmbito e discute seus efeitos na tramitação da referida reforma, a partir dos procedimentos metodológicos de revisão bibliográfica, análise de documentos, estudo de caso e process tracing com elite interviewing, em abordagem qualitativa. Os resultados indicam que, embora tenha havido aumento da participação popular institucional no período sob enfoque, o parlamento aplicou não decisões em relação à reforma política intencionada pelas entidades da sociedade civil que organizaram as provocações ao Poder Legislativo. Em seguida, o segundo capítulo tem como principal objetivo a análise acerca do Portal e-Democracia e o seu papel para uma maior democracia participativa de, principalmente, inclusão das minorias sociais. Estuda a relação entre a democracia brasileira e a participação popular, investiga o porquê do Portal e-Democracia ser tão necessário para a defesa dos direitos das minorias sociais, bem como explica a importância da participação popular legislativa das minorias sociais. Esta pesquisa parte de fontes bibliográficas primárias e secundárias, com revisão bibliográfica e análise do próprio portal em estudo. O estudo conclui que é essencial a criação de políticas públicas para a participação política das minorias sociais, sendo uma delas o mencionado portal eletrônico, porém esta medida isolada não resolve a presente questão, sendo necessárias políticas públicas de fácil acesso a todos e todas. O terceiro capítulo aborda as relações que conectam o princípio da vedação ao retrocesso social com as manifestações que apoiam o movimento de retorno da ditadura militar no Brasil no século XXI. Para tanto, no primeiro momento, os autores elucidam os conceitos de vedação ao retrocesso social, bem como o significado do chamado efeito cliquet, o qual corrobora com os ditames fixados do respectivo princípio, haja vista que, no alpinismo, significa que quando atingida uma determinada altura, não se pode mais voltar. Contextualizam, ademais, as heranças e as consequências da ditadura militar no Brasil, além de analisarem as manifestações que têm ocorrido na atualidade em prol de um retrocesso ao período ditatorial. O trabalho comprova que a volta da ditadura militar seria uma afronta ao princípio da vedação ao retrocesso social, uma vez que extinguiria e revogaria direitos fundamentais já consolidados no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro e regressaria a um período autoritário, que não se coaduna com o Estado Democrático de Direito. Conectando-se à discussão acerca de retrocessos e inefetividade de direitos, o quarto capítulo mergulha no debate democrático acerca da expansão da educação superior brasileira e das políticas de acesso que promoveram um significativo acréscimo de ingressantes nos cursos de graduação no Brasil. O trabalho atende a pesquisa bibliográfica e fundamenta-se na revisão de literatura com o suporte teórico de autores e legislações da área afim, refletindo sobre o processo de evolução e inclusão mediante a implementação de programas e ações afirmativas para a educação superior que corroboraram para dirimir o caráter elitista impregnado no perfil deste nível de ensino. Embora distante de reparar as injustiças sociais no Brasil, tais políticas geraram um número maior de ingressantes das camadas menos favorecidas da sociedade e, com isso, a representatividade dos grupos denominados de minorias aumentou, ainda que de modo tímido, mas refletindo na redução do déficit de acesso ao ensino superior. Ainda sobre desigualdades na educação no país, no quinto capítulo as autoras investigam como a discussão sobre o mito da democracia racial no Brasil impulsionou práticas racistas ao longo do tempo e como, a partir de um viés multiculturalista, se assentam as políticas afirmativas, com destaque para a política de cotas para ingresso de negros e pardos nas Universidades, implementadas a partir de 2012. Apontam, para tanto, que a construção deste mito não se coaduna com questões mais modernas e de relevo econômico e social que pautaram a promoção de políticas afirmativas no Brasil. Nesta senda, as políticas sociais afirmativas de cotas são medidas tomadas pelo Estado, de cunho temporário ou especial, com o objetivo de assegurar igualdade de oportunidades e que foram negadas historicamente para a população afro. Para embasar este artigo, foi utilizada a metodologia de revisão bibliográfica e a análise documental das políticas afirmativas de cotas. O capítulo seguinte aventa que as relações sociais são produtos da vida em sociedade e caracterizam-se, essencialmente, pela interação que há entre seus componentes considerando territórios, culturas, identidade e ideias. Contudo, é da natureza dessa dinâmica social que alguns grupos sociais se sobressaiam sobre os demais e imponham seus interesses pessoais acima dos interesses públicos, prejudicando, assim, a concretização de interesses gerais. Dessa maneira, com o intuito de explicar como essas relações de poder e de domínio influenciam na concretização de políticas públicas, o trabalho se propôs a analisar qual o protagonismo que os agentes sociais têm nessa fase. Como exemplo prático dessa discussão acadêmica, analisa-se como a elite governante brasileira busca conciliar seus interesses com a efetivação de políticas públicas habitacionais. Em outro aspecto de violação de direitos através de deficiências de políticas públicas, o sétimo capítulo analisa a evolução da taxa de homicídios no Brasil, verificando grande heterogeneidade entre os estados. Isso constitui uma deficiência estrutural grave, que compromete as bases do desenvolvimento no país. Assim, o propõe-se o entendimento da correlação das taxas de homicídios no Brasil em um período de 10 anos, verificando que os estados do Rio Grande do Norte, Goiás, Maranhão e Piauí se correlacionaram positivamente, apresentando um aumento na taxa de homicídios, enquanto Espírito Santo e Paraíba obtiveram redução. Diante dos resultados, destaca-se a atenção às políticas de segurança pública e conclui-se que é possível identificar padrões estruturais das distintas dinâmicas de homicídios contribuindo para e informações relevantes que possam subsidiar a implantação e efetividade das políticas públicas no país. Na seara das violências, o oitavo capítulo destaca aquelas cometidas contra mulheres no ambiente doméstico no bairro de Narandiba, em Salvador-BA. O artigo tem como objetivo geral analisar a possibilidade ou não de ampliação no atendimento às mulheres que sofrem violência doméstica através da unidade do Centro Judiciário de Solução Consensual de Conflitos (CEJUSC), órgão vinculado ao Tribunal de Justiça da Bahia, localizado no bairro de Narandiba, em Salvador. Como primeiro objetivo específico, examina se o acolhimento dessas vítimas estaria em conformidade com o regulamento e a missão que fundamenta o trabalho do CEJUSC. Como segundo objetivo específico, reflete sobre a demanda de mulheres, vítimas de agressão doméstica, que passam pela unidade de Narandiba em busca de um apoio ou uma orientação jurídica. Em termos metodológicos, o artigo é qualitativo e analisa o tema proposto utilizando a revisão bibliográfica, a análise de documentos e a observação da autora durante o período de janeiro a outubro de 2019. As violências domésticas atingem, não raro, a dignidade sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Assim, a conexão para o nono capítulo apresenta as etapas da perícia psicológica nos casos de suspeita de abuso sexual, tendo como enfoque os instrumentos e testes psicológicos mais utilizados nestas avaliações. Os objetivos específicos englobam conceituar avaliação psicológica e abuso sexual, bem como trazer técnicas da Psicologia que melhor respaldem o psicólogo nesse processo de avaliação. O método deste estudo foi realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica. A avaliação psicológica pericial difere de outros tipos de avaliação psicológica em função de sua meta final onde atua subsidiando decisões legais quando estas dependem de um entendimento de funcionamento psicológico do(s) envolvidos(s) nos casos de suspeita de abuso sexual de crianças e adolescentes. Abuso sexual é qualquer contato ou interação entre uma criança ou adolescente e alguém em estágio psicossexual mais avançado do desenvolvimento, na qual a criança ou adolescente estiver sendo usado para estimulação sexual do perpetrador. As avaliações psicológicas têm sido requisitadas em todas as fases de encaminhamento dos casos, da notificação ao processo judicial. Desde a fase inicial ou investigativa, a criança pode passar por inúmeras intervenções (entrevistas, aplicação de testes psicológicos, etc), inclusive de psicólogos que não atuam diretamente com a justiça, mas que acabam colaborando no processo quanto à veracidade da situação de abuso. Não obstante possam ser vítimas de diversas violações de direitos, por vezes crianças e adolescentes entram em conflito com a lei. Nesse contexto, o décimo capítulo investiga a contribuição da aplicabilidade da entrevista terapêutica no processo de avaliação psicológica de adolescentes em conflito com a lei, descrevendo as características de adolescentes, explicando a função da Psicologia e elucidando entrevista terapêutica como ferramenta diferencial na avaliação psicológica desses adolescentes. Como metodologia foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, com base em livros e artigos científicos, com tratamento particular de publicações da área de Psicologia e da legislação específica sobre os direitos do adolescente. Como resultados, os adolescentes em conflitos com a lei apresentam características que se fundamentam em aspectos históricos, sociais e culturais e a entrevista terapêutica mostrou-se como importante na contribuição da avaliação psicológica desses adolescentes, uma vez que se dispõe como uma técnica de analise aberta, capaz de se ajustar a diferentes situações clínicas, com possibilidades de descobrir as subjetividades, conhecer comportamentos, indicar encaminhamentos ou fazer intervenções. Diante de uma realidade vivencial complexa e aprisionadora, a avalição psicológica é uma prática relacional, que visa com alteridade contribuir para incluir socialmente os adolescentes. É certo que a mudança comportamental dos adolescentes infratores requer apoio familiar e um trabalho multidisciplinar, que não comporta apenas o papel do Psicólogo, mas, o envolvimento do Estado e da sociedade como um todo em ações conjuntas, para efetivamente produzir transformações. Conclui-se que o estudo produziu uma discussão importante, por dispor conhecimentos para área da Psicologia, profissionais que atuam e para a sociedade, que podem melhor conhecer os espaços de intervenção, meios de atuação e a importância da psicologia neste contexto. Nessa linha de discussão que abarca questões relacionadas à saúde, o capítulo seguinte analisa a judicialização do direito à saúde. Esse direito, conforme o artigo 196 da Constituição Federal, pertence a todos e é dever do Estado fornecê-lo por meio de políticas públicas. Entretanto, a possibilidade de exercício por todos do referido direito fica limitada aos recursos disponíveis e por ações judiciais no âmbito do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). O objetivo geral, portanto, é analisar se a judicialização da saúde é a solução mais adequada para se obter uma vaga de leito de UTI no SUS. Assim, o trabalho descreve como o SUS regula a distribuição de leitos e reflete sobre o fenômeno da judicialização e o seu potencial ou não de efetivar esse direito com isonomia. Para a sustentação metodológica, o estudo utilizou de uma pesquisa qualitativa, com método fundamentado em análise de documentos e revisão bibliográfica a respeito do tema. Os resultados mostram que, embora o SUS estabeleça a quantidade de leitos de UTIs, alguns hospitais carecem de mais ofertas de leitos. Desta forma, é relevante ter um políticas públicas que efetivem o direito à saúde, em cumprimento às previsões legais. Nesse contexto de inefetividade do direito à saúde, o capítulo seguinte descreve o perfil das demandas judiciais referentes a medicamentos no município de Cuiabá – Mato Grosso, realizado na Defensoria Pública, em 2013, utilizando indicadores de Pepe. Foram analisadas 135 ações judiciais relativas às solicitações de medicamentos e 166 medicamentos requeridos nas mesmas. Em quatro dimensões (sócio demográficas do autor da ação judicial; processuais das ações judiciais; médico sanitárias das ações judiciais; político-administrativas das ações judiciais). As informações obtidas e delineadas no capítulo expõem o cenário da saúde frente a judicialização de medicamentos e as características dos indivíduos que abriram demandas contra o Estado ou o Município. Em preocupação com a saúde e a segurança alimentar dos brasileiros, o décimo terceiro capítulo discute o cabimento de arguição de descumprimento de preceito fundamental (ADPF) contra a nova política brasileira de agrotóxicos. A evolução clássica da política brasileira de agrotóxicos foi marcada pela ótica da proteção. Todavia, novos desafios, hoje, contrariam a política até então vigente e faz surgir um movimento, cada vez mais forte, pela flexibilização de normas. Nesse cenário, percebe-se o surgimento de uma nova política sobre tema, mas desta vez, tendo o agronegócio como protagonista. Desse modo, os efeitos desta nova política já são tangíveis, o que nos leva a discutir a constitucionalidade de tais ações. Posto isso, este trabalho tem como objetivo promover um debate acerca da existência de uma nova política brasileira sobre agrotóxicos em suas principais questões. Para realizar este trabalho, foram utilizados os tipos de pesquisa bibliográfica e documental, através da abordagem qualitativa. Conclui-se que a nova política de agrotóxicos é inconstitucional e, por consequência, atacável por meio da ADPF. Avançando na busca de efetivação de direitos humanos através de políticas públicas, o último capítulo investiga a necessidade de ressignificação das bases da teoria da execução para efetivar ações civis públicas em que se discutem tais políticas. Para tanto, utiliza-se de procedimento monográfico e bibliográfico. O estudo expõe as razões que levaram à judicialização da política, bem como traça diretrizes gerais sobre o atual panorama da execução. Aborda, ainda, a crise de efetividade da execução, que insiste em se valer de multas pelo descumprimento – que vêm sendo inefetivas para o cumprimento. Após essa discussão, o trabalho traz instrumentos jurídicos hábeis a colaborar com a concretização dos direitos. Espera-se que esta seleção de artigos científicos contribua, como obra coletiva, para avanços no conhecimento sobre políticas públicas como efetivadoras de direitos humanos, bem como sobre as múltiplas formas de participação popular na luta por tais direitos na sociedade contemporânea.

Частини книг з теми "Contact tracing apps":

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Senn, Dennis, and Christina Loosli. "COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 77–92. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-86761-4_7.

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Konidaris, Agisilaos, Ourania Stellatou, Spyros E. Polykalas, and Vicky Katsoni. "Tourism and Contact Tracing Apps in the COVID-19 Era." In Culture and Tourism in a Smart, Globalized, and Sustainable World, 279–94. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-72469-6_18.

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Wen, Haohuang, Qingchuan Zhao, Zhiqiang Lin, Dong Xuan, and Ness Shroff. "A Study of the Privacy of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 297–317. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63086-7_17.

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Wairimu, Samuel, and Nurul Momen. "Privacy Analysis of COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps in the EU." In Secure IT Systems, 213–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-70852-8_13.

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Ezzaouia, Imane, and Jacques Bulchand-Gidumal. "A Model to Predict Users’ Intentions to Adopt Contact-Tracing Apps for Prevention from COVID-19." In Information and Communication Technologies in Tourism 2021, 543–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65785-7_51.

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AbstractTechnological advances are increasingly progressing and have brought unprecedented solutions for real-world problems for various domains, particularly, when it comes to a health-related domain. This study aims to examine the predictors of users’ intentions to adopt contact-tracing apps for prevention from COVID-19. Based on the extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT2), our research model incorporates the following eight constructs: performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions, perceived privacy, perceived value, safety and accuracy. The empirical results were obtained from a sample of 93 questionnaires (currently still in course). We used the partial least squares approach to test our hypotheses. The results reveal that performance expectancy has the strongest impact on the intentions to use contact-tracing apps. The accuracy, effort expectancy and social influence are also important, followed by perceived value, safety and perceived privacy. Facilitating condition is listed as much less important. The theoretical and managerial implications of these results are discussed.
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Zhao, Qingchuan, Haohuang Wen, Zhiqiang Lin, Dong Xuan, and Ness Shroff. "On the Accuracy of Measured Proximity of Bluetooth-Based Contact Tracing Apps." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 49–60. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63086-7_4.

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Srivastava, Abhinav, and Preeti Sharma. "Why Citizen's Resist Contact Tracing Apps: Factors affecting Adoption of Aarogya Setu." In Interdisciplinary Research in Technology and Management, 188–92. London: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003202240-30.

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Rebollo, Miguel, Rosa M. Benito, Juan C. Losada, and Javier Galeano. "Using Distributed Risk Maps by Consensus as a Complement to Contact Tracing Apps." In Complex Networks & Their Applications IX, 494–505. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-65347-7_41.

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Schreiber, Andreas, Tim Sonnekalb, Thomas S. Heinze, Lynn von Kurnatowski, Jesus M. Gonzalez-Barahona, and Heather Packer. "Provenance-Based Security Audits and Its Application to COVID-19 Contact Tracing Apps." In Lecture Notes in Computer Science, 88–105. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80960-7_6.

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Kriehn, Lorenz. "Case Study: The Corona Contact Tracing App in Germany." In Digital Responses to Covid-19, 37–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66611-8_3.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Contact tracing apps":

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Leith, Douglas J., and Stephen Farrell. "Contact Tracing App Privacy: What Data Is Shared By Europe’s GAEN Contact Tracing Apps." In IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infocom42981.2021.9488728.

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Iqbal Nekvi, Md Rashed, and Anwar Haque. "Evaluating Contact Tracing Apps for Privacy Preservation and Effectiveness." In IEEE INFOCOM 2021 - IEEE Conference on Computer Communications Workshops (INFOCOM WKSHPS). IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infocomwkshps51825.2021.9484522.

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Bhattacharya, Debasis, and Leslie Ramos. "COVID-19: Privacy and Confidentiality Issues with Contact Tracing Apps." In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2021.246.

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Wang, Huiyi, Liu Wang, and Haoyu Wang. "Market-level analysis of government-backed COVID-19 contact tracing apps." In ASE '20: 35th IEEE/ACM International Conference on Automated Software Engineering. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3417113.3422186.

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Welsh, Thomas, Kaavya Rekanar, Manzar Abbas, Muslim Chochlov, Brian Fitzgerald, Liam Glynn, Kevin Johnson, et al. "Towards a Taxonomy for Evaluating Societal Concerns of Contact Tracing Apps." In 2020 7th International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing (BESC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/besc51023.2020.9348293.

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Ali, Amal Awadalla, Asma Hamid ElFadl, Maha Fawzy Abujazar, Sarah Aziz, Alaa Abd-Alrazaq, Zubair Shah, Samir Brahim, Belhaouari, Mowafa Househ, and Tanvir Alam. "Contact Tracing Apps for COVID-19: Access Permission and User Adoption." In 2020 7th International Conference on Behavioural and Social Computing (BESC). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/besc51023.2020.9348327.

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Baumgartner, Lars, Alexandra Dmitrienko, Bernd Freisleben, Alexander Gruler, Jonas Hochst, Joshua Kuhlberg, Mira Mezini, et al. "Mind the GAP: Security & Privacy Risks of Contact Tracing Apps." In 2020 IEEE 19th International Conference on Trust, Security and Privacy in Computing and Communications (TrustCom). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/trustcom50675.2020.00069.

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González, Arturo, Christian von Lücken, Julio Paciello, Tito Ocampos, and Juan Pane. "Critical Overview of the Use of Contact Tracing Apps in the Context of the COVID-19 Pandemic." In 6th International Conference on Complexity, Future Information Systems and Risk. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0010480400910099.

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Zeinalipour-Yazti, Demetrios, and Christophe Claramunt. "COVID-19 Mobile Contact Tracing Apps (MCTA): A Digital Vaccine or a Privacy Demolition?" In 2020 21st IEEE International Conference on Mobile Data Management (MDM). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mdm48529.2020.00020.

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Hajric, Elma. "A Commentary on Covid-19 Contact-Tracing Apps and Broader Societal Implications of Technosolutionism." In 2020 IEEE International Symposium on Technology and Society (ISTAS). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/istas50296.2020.9462243.

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Звіти організацій з теми "Contact tracing apps":

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Martínez, Déborah, Cristina Parilli, Ana María Rojas, Carlos Scartascini, and Alberto Simpser. Do You Have COVID-19?: How to Increase the Use of Diagnostic and Contact-Tracing Apps. Inter-American Development Bank, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003131.

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Diagnostic and contact tracing apps are an important weapon against contagion during a pandemic. We study how the content of the messages used to promote the apps influences adoption by conducting a survey experiment on approximately 23,000 Mexican adults. Respondents were randomly assigned to one of three different prompts, or a control condition, before stating their willingness to adopt a diagnostic app and contact-tracing app. The prompt emphasizing government efforts to ensure data privacy, which has been one of the most common strategies, reduced willingness to adopt the diagnostic app by about 4 percentage points and the contact tracing app by 3 percentage points. An effective app promotion policy must understand individuals' reservations and be wary of unintended reactions to naive reassurances.
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Boruchowicz, Cynthia, Florencia López Bóo, Benjamin Roseth, and Luis Tejerina. Default Options: A Powerful Behavioral Tool to Increase COVID-19 Contact Tracing App Acceptance in Latin America? Inter-American Development Bank, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002983.

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Being able to follow the chain of contagion of COVID-19 is important to help save lives and control the epidemic without sustained costly lockdowns. This is especially relevant in Latin America, where economic contractions have already been the largest in the regions history. Given the high rates of transmission of COVID-19, relying only in manual contact tracing might be infeasible. Acceptability and uptake of contact tracing apps with exposure notifications is key for the implementation the “test, trace and treat” triad. In the first study of its kind in Latin America, we find that for a nationally representative sample of 10 countries, an opt-out regime with automatic installation significantly increases the probability of acceptance of such apps in almost 22 p.p. compared to an opt-in regime with voluntary installation. This triples the size and is of opposite sign of the effect found in Europe and the United States. We see that an opt-out regime is more effective in increasing acceptability in South America compared to Central America and Mexico; for those who claim not to trust the national government; and for those who do not use their smartphones for financial transactions. The severity of the pandemic at the place of residence does not seem to affect the effectiveness of the opt-out regime versus an opt-in one, but feeling personally at risk does increase the willingness to accept contact tracing apps with exposure notifications in general. These results can shed light on the use of default options in public health in the context of a pandemic in Latin America.

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