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Статті в журналах з теми "Contracts – united states – cases"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 25 липня 2024

Оновлено: 31 липня 2025

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1

Kim, Young-Ju. "A Study on Expansion of the Himalaya Clause to the Independent Contractors: Based on the Cases in the United States." Korea International Trade Research Institute 18, no. 4 (2022): 247–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.16980/jitc.18.4.202208.247.

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Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to review the doctrine of privity of contracts under common law and to analyze some issues of Himalaya Clause cases under carriage of goods by sea in United States. Design/Methodology/Approach - This paper studies scopes, application, and requirements of the Himalaya Clause by analyzing cases in the United States, such as Robert C. Herd & Co., Inc., v. Krawill Machinery Corp., 359 U.S. 297 (1959), and Norfolk Southern Railway Co. v. James N. Kirby, Pty. Ltd., 125 S.Ct. 385 (2004). Findings - This paper confirms that contracts for the carri

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2

Jovanović, Marko. "A conclusion of contracts for the international sale of goods." Pravo - teorija i praksa 38, no. 3 (2021): 65–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/ptp2103065j.

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The international exchange of goods is done through a contract on the international sale of goods. A conclusion of a contract on the international sale of goods is based primarily on the autonomy of the will of the parties, unless that autonomy of will is limited by the compulsory regulations of the states. All sources of law cited in the paper, such as international conventions, autonomous sources of law and even customs and business ethics, can be changed by the disposition of the will, because they are of a dispositive character. The contracting parties most often agree on the application o

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3

Schulte-Nölke, Hans. "Incorporation of Standard Contract Terms on Websites." European Review of Contract Law 15, no. 2 (2019): 103–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ercl-2019-0014.

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Abstract The draft of the American Law Institute’s Restatement of Consumer Contracts reflects the jurisdiction of the US courts on the ‘adoption’ (as the draft calls it) of standard contract terms into consumer contracts. This draft is of great value to European lawyers in understanding US developments, but it may also stimulate a reflection on the state and possible evolution of European legal systems. It turns out that in the United States, as in Europe, the law on the adoption of standard contract terms is still heavily influenced by cases from the pre-digital and paleo-digital era. This ar

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4

Dannenberg, Ross, and Josh Davenport. "Top 10 video game cases (US): how video game litigation in the US has evolved since the advent of Pong." Interactive Entertainment Law Review 1, no. 2 (2018): 89–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.4337/ielr.2018.02.02.

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Video game litigation in the United States is neither new nor infrequent, and video game developers can learn valuable lessons from cases won, and lost, by others before them. This article examines the evolution of United States intellectual property law from historically narrow roots to classifying video games as an art form deserving broad free speech protection. This article examines seminal cases in a variety of IP areas, including not only copyrights, but also reverse engineering, derivative works, patents, trademarks, rights of publicity, the Digital Millennium Copyright Act, contracts,

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5

Kim, Won Gak. "A Study on the Duty of Disclosure in the U.S. Insurance Law." Korean Insurance Law Association 17, no. 2 (2023): 75–140. http://dx.doi.org/10.36248/kdps.2023.17.2.075.

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The duty of disclosure became a doctrine of insurance contracts in 1766 with the decision in Carter v. Boehm and was codified in the U.K. Marine Insurance Act(MIA) of 1906. Since then, insurance laws in every country have provided provisions for the duty of disclosure. The specifics of the duty of disclosure have evolved over time as the interpretation of good faith in insurance contracts and the need to address moral hazard in underwriting have changed from country to country and era to era. Today, however, the duty of disclosure continues to be debated in every country, and the United States

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6

Żenkiewicz, Maciej. "Judge Skubiszewski at the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal." International Community Law Review 18, no. 2 (2016): 151–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18719732-12341327.

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The article presents the contribution of Professor Skubiszewski to the work of the Iran-United States Claims Tribunal during the period of his presidency (1994–2010). The article discusses the cases of Iran-United States Claims Tribunal decided during that period (dual-nationality cases, intergovernmental disputes and military contract cases) and the challenges which Professor Skubiszewski had to confront. Also considered are the more general problems encountered, such as unexpected extended existence of the Tribunal and its slow pace of work. In conclusion some general comments are drawn on t

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7

Volynets, V. V. "Some aspects of legal regulation of e-commerce in the United States." Analytical and Comparative Jurisprudence 1, no. 3 (2025): 373–78. https://doi.org/10.24144/2788-6018.2025.03.1.57.

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The article examines some topical issues of legal regulation of e-commerce in the United States, with an emphasis on its impact on the global economy and the need for flexible legislation. It is stated that e-commerce is a rapidly growing sector that is projected to reach $4.3 trillion in global retail sales by 2025. The author found that the United States, as a pioneering country in digital commerce, does not have a single e-commerce law, but instead uses a system of federal and state acts, including the E-SIGN Act (2000), UETA (1999), COPPA (1998), and CAN-SPAM Act (2003). These laws, the co

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8

Talus, Kim. "Just what is the scope of the essential facilities doctrine in the energy sector?: Third party access-friendly interpretation in the EU v. contractual freedom in the US." Common Market Law Review 48, Issue 5 (2011): 1571–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/cola2011061.

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The application of EU competition law in the energy sector has intensified over the last few years. Article 102 TFEU and the essential facilities doctrine has been employed to change the way in which the European natural gas markets operate. Using a merits based approach to the essential facilities doctrine and transportation capacity contracts, the Commission is attempting to create a market structure capable of supporting competition. While the effect of this body of administrative cases is increasing opportunities for competition and as such can be seen as positive, the measures forced on t

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9

Jacoby, Daniel. "The Transformation of Industrial Apprenticeship in the United States." Journal of Economic History 51, no. 4 (1991): 887–910. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022050700040158.

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Between the 1880s and 1930s, apprenticeship was transformed from an institution dominated by employers to one dominated by unions. Prior to this transformation, employers leveraged their ability to hire, fire, and discipline at will by requiring apprentices to post forfeitable performance bonds. Despite their financial interest in the resolution of contract disputes, employers who withheld employees' bonds judged their own cases. Agency theory helps explain the use and abuse of bonding schemes and their role in the subsequent transformation of apprenticeship.

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10

Santos, Mauricio Gomm Ferreira dos, and Mauricio Gomm Ferreira dos Santos. "Impactful Case Summaries: an Analysis of Developing Arbitral Jurisprudence in the United States." Revista Brasileira de Arbitragem 6, Issue 23 (2009): 189–221. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/rba2009049.

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ABSTRACT: The Miami Arbitration Reports cover a number of topics, all of them relevant to the intersection between American law and international arbitration. This collection begins with a number of eye-catching decisions. First, the Sixth and Second Circuits have resurrected the non-statutory ground of "manifest disregard" for vacating an arbitral award. After what seemed like the final word from the US Supreme Court, it looks like the law is continuing to diversify and provide greater uncertainty. Second, the battle to obtain discovery in the United States in aid of private international T

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11

Bustami, Sirwan Yazid, Zulkarnain Zulkarnain, I. Ketut Suardana, and M. Ridho Rezkita. "PENOLAKAN LOCKHEED MARTIN TERHADAP PENJUALAN JET TEMPUR F-35 KE TURKI." BHUVANA: Journal of Global Studies 3, no. 1 (2025): 108–37. https://doi.org/10.59408/bjgs.v3i1.221.

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The research aims to analyze the factors influencing Lockheed Martin’s rejection of the sale of the F-35 JSF Fighter Jet to Turkey. The influential factors were examined using a single instrumental-explanatory case study research method. This method provides an in-depth understanding of Lockheed Martin’s decision by analyzing the causal relationships between variables based on the theory of the interests of the home country of multinational corporations and the theory of the nexus of contracts. Data were collected through a literature review and analyzed through several stages, including the s

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12

Noussia, Kyriaki. "Punitive Damages in Arbitration: Panacea or Curse?" Journal of International Arbitration 27, Issue 3 (2010): 277–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2010015.

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In recent years, the everlasting debate over the award of punitive damages in arbitration has rather intensified, not least because in certain jurisdictions, such as the United States, the awards are now larger than in the past and the attitude of the U.S. courts has grown to allow arbitrators to hear claims for which punitive damages are available. In the United Kingdom, however, the legal scenery and judicial attitude are rather different and punitive damages are not awarded save in a few cases in the law of torts. This article comments and comparatively discusses the position in the United

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13

López de Letona, Javier Torre de Silva y. "The Right to Scrap Data on the Internet: From the US Case hiQLabs, Inc. v. LinkedIn Corp. to the ChatGPT Scraping Cases: Differences Between US and EU Law." Global Privacy Law Review 5, Issue 1 (2024): 5–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/gplr2024001.

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Data scraping is of the essence for generative artificial intelligence (AI), such as ChatGPT, as the data needed for AI training are in most cases obtained by this means. The first litigations regarding data scraping for training of generative AI systems are starting now. It is therefore relevant reviewing the case Law and regulation regarding data scraping, including the United States (US) Court of Appeals of the Ninth Circuit in the hiQ v. LinkedIn case. This case reveals the important differences between the US Law and the European Union (EU) (and United Kingdom (UK)) Law under several poin

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14

Bennett, Tamera H. "Risky Business: Rejecting Adherence to Industry Standards in Exclusive Songwriter Agreements." Texas Wesleyan Law Review 4, no. 1 (1997): 71–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/twlr.v4.i1.3.

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Part I of this Comment addresses the formation of the doctrine of unconscionability. Part I also covers the nature of exclusive songwriter agreements and how the doctrine of unconscionability can be utilized to level the playing field between songwriters and music publishers. Part II analogizes other areas within the entertainment industry where the courts have rejected adherence to industry standards and reformed the contractual agreements between the parties. This section's primary focus will be the court's reasoning in Phase II of Buchwald v. Paramount Pictures Corp. (Buchwald II) and how t

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15

Kolsky Lewis, Meredith. "Comments on Luke Nottage's Paper." Victoria University of Wellington Law Review 36, no. 4 (2005): 859. http://dx.doi.org/10.26686/vuwlr.v36i4.5618.

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The author comments on Luke Nottage's paper found in this volume (Luke Nottage "Who's Afraid of the Vienna Sales Convention (CISG)? A New Zealander's View from Australia and Japan" (2005) 36 VUWLR 815). The author first identifies additional factors as to why the Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods ('CISG') may be opted out of in the United States: its lack of a duty of good faith, its narrow scope, and its uncertainty of outcome. However, the author argues that we should be more optimistic about the use of the CISG in the US. First, the US is an original signatory. Sec

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16

Katkov, Aleksei D. "The History of American Foreign Policy Thought: Debates about the US Sovereignty in the Late 20th – Early 21st Centuries." History 19, no. 1 (2020): 43–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1818-7919-2020-19-1-43-59.

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In the 1990s the end of the Cold War and the US’s efforts to build a “new world order” actualized in scientific discourse the problem of understanding the principle of state sovereignty. Moreover, due to the WTO accession, the discussion among United States’ scholars intensified about the preservation of sovereignty of their own state. As a result, both the US authorities and most experts advocate the inviolability of the sovereignty of their country, noting, however, that it might be temporarily limited by different international obligations, first of all by economic agreements, but this does

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17

Herman, Shael. "Specific Performance: A Comparative Analysis (2)." Edinburgh Law Review 7, no. 2 (2003): 194–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2003.7.2.194.

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The first part of this article appeared in the first issue of this volume of the Edinburgh Law Review. The article explores the regulation of specific performance of sales by reference to Spain and the USA and speculates on the interaction of these municipal laws with the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). The first part compared Spanish and United States approaches to specific performance. In this second part the CISG's approach to specific performance is examined with the goal of inquiring, on one hand, whether the drafters have successfully ac

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18

Dr. Muhammad Shahzad Ashfaq. "A Comparative Study of Education as Soft Power: The Cases of China and the United States." Research Journal of Psychology 3, no. 2 (2025): 559–70. https://doi.org/10.59075/rjs.v3i2.155.

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Education is increasingly used as a diplomatic tool to project soft power globally. This study explores how China and the United States employ education to shape their international image and influence. The study aims to compare educational strategies used by both nations, analyze their effectiveness, and assess international students' perceptions. The target population includes international students currently enrolled in Chinese and U.S. universities. A purposive sample of 20 international students (10 from each country) was selected. Convenience sampling was also used for expert interviews.

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19

Mulfirana, Makmur Khausan, and Moh Taufik. "Copyright Protection in the NFT Ecosystem: Legal Challenges and Policy Recommendations for Indonesia." Hakim: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum dan Sosial 3, no. 1 (2025): 1052–71. https://doi.org/10.51903/hakim.v3i1.2299.

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Non-Fungible Tokens (NFTs) present significant opportunities for the creative industry in digitizing and monetizing artistic works. However, a major challenge arises in copyright protection, particularly in Indonesia, which has yet to establish specific regulations addressing NFTs within its intellectual property (IP) law framework. Currently, legal protection relies on Law No. 28 of 2014 on Copyright, which does not fully accommodate the characteristics of blockchain technology. This study aims to analyze copyright protection in Indonesia's NFT ecosystem, compare it with regulatory frameworks

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20

Mousavi, Ehsan S., and Dennis Bausman. "Renovation in Hospitals: Pressurization Strategies by Healthcare Contractors in the United States." HERD: Health Environments Research & Design Journal 13, no. 1 (2019): 179–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1937586719861557.

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Objective: The objective of the study was to identify current practices utilized by contractors in healthcare renovation projects. Background: Renovation in healthcare facilities comprises nearly half of all healthcare construction. Since a complete shutdown of the healthcare facility during renovation is typically not feasible, efforts must be taken to isolate ongoing functions of the hospital from activities in the construction zone. There are numerous documented cases of morbidity and mortality related to construction activities in the hospital. Hence, guidelines recommend negative pressuri

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21

Fukuya, T., F. Mihara, S. Kudo, et al. "Tracheobronchial Calcification in Members of a Fixed Population Sample." Acta Radiologica 30, no. 3 (1989): 277–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/028418518903000311.

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The Radiation Effects Research Foundation (formerly, Atomic Bomb Casualty Commission; ABCC) was established in April 1975 as a private non-profit Japanese Foundation, supported equally by the Government of Japan through the Ministry of Health and Welfare, and the Government of the United States through the National Academy of Sciences under contract with the United States Department of Energy. Accepted 4 December 1988. In a review of the chest radiographs of 1 152 consecutively examined subjects, 10 cases (0.87%) of extensive tracheobronchial calcification were identified. In addition, 51 subj

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22

Korol’kova, E. "Evolution of United States’ Private Military and Security Companies: The Case of Afghanistan 2001–2021." International Trends / Mezhdunarodnye protsessy 20, no. 1 (2022): 122–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.17994/it.2022.20.1.68.7.

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The withdrawal of troops on 31 August 2021 which was carried out in accordance with the Agreement signed on 29 February 2020 between the U.S. government and the Taliban (an international terrorist organization banned in the Russian Federation) marked the end of the international military campaign in Afghanistan which lasted twenty years. Assessing the preliminary outcomes of nearly a quarter-century of the US military and their NATO allies’ presence in Afghanistan, U.S. President Joseph Biden announced the end of “an era of major military operations to remake other countries”. Though the conse

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23

Herman, Shael. "Specific Performance: A Comparative Analysis (1)." Edinburgh Law Review 7, no. 1 (2003): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/elr.2003.7.1.5.

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This paper explores the regulation of specific performance of sales by reference to Spain and the USA, two jurisdictions which are exemplars of their respective legal families. It contrasts provisions under the Spanish Civil Code, Spain's Ley de Enjuiciamiento Civil, and under the American Uniform Commercial Code, and speculates on the interaction of these municipal laws with the regulation of specific performance under the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods (CISG). The study is split into two parts, the first of which appears here, and the second of whi

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24

Palmer, John L. "Income Security Policies in the United States: The Inevitability and Consequences of Retrenchment." Journal of Public Policy 7, no. 1 (1987): 1–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00004323.

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ABSTRACTDuring the 1960s and early 1970s, strong economic growth and highly expansionary income security policies led to considerable progress for the entire American population with respect to major income security goals. However, in the last fifteen years much of this progress has been either arrested or reversed, particularly for the non-aged, as economic growth slowed and income security policies ceased to expand and, in some cases, contracted. This retrenchment was the inevitable consequence of numerous phenomena which preceded, and were reinforced by the Reagan era. American income secur

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25

Gutorova, Nataliya, Vitalii Pashkov, and Oleksii Soloviov. "LEGAL MEANS OF ENSURING COMPETITION IN PHARMACY." Wiadomości Lekarskie 73, no. 12 (2020): 2701–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.36740/wlek202012201.

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The aim: To research the consequences of pharmacy chains monopolization and establishment of legal means of neutralization of such consequences. Materials and methods: The study is based on acts of the European Union, the United States, and Ukraine and international regulations and documents on health care. The study's materials were the results of a questionnaire survey of managers and specialists in a pharmacy on marketing contracts. The views of scientists on the above issue were also studied. The study analyzes generalized information from scientific journals using scientific, legal method

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26

Reid, Jean Margo. "LEGAL ACCEPTANCE OF ACCOUNTING PRINCIPLES IN GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES: SOME LESSONS FROM HISTORY." Accounting Historians Journal 15, no. 1 (1988): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/0148-4184.15.1.1.

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This paper examines and contrasts nineteenth century case law in Great Britain and the United States in which courts had to decide whether to accept accounting concepts having to do with making provisions for depreciation, amortization and depletion. It should be emphasized that the courts were not arguing about accounting theory, per se; they were deciding particular disputes, which depended on the meaning in each case of pro its. By 1889, when Lee v. Neuchatel Asphalte Company was decided, British courts had rejected accepted fixed asset accounting conventions in determining profits in tax,

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27

Liu, Yuan, and Izura Masdina Mohamed Zakri. "AI-driven contract law processes and the efficient breach doctrine: A systematic review of legal challenges in common law jurisdictions." International Journal of ADVANCED AND APPLIED SCIENCES 12, no. 3 (2025): 225–37. https://doi.org/10.21833/ijaas.2025.03.022.

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This study examines the changing role of artificial intelligence (AI) in contract law, focusing on how it interacts with the efficient breach doctrine in common law countries, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Canada, and Australia. A systematic review was conducted, analyzing 187 articles and 3 legal cases from Scopus and Google Scholar. From these, 56 articles and legal cases published over the last five years were selected for detailed analysis. The findings indicate that AI improves efficiency and accuracy in contract management and breach decisions, enhancing legal practice

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28

Vázquez, Carlos M. "Introduction to Symposium on the Third Restatement of Conflict of Laws." AJIL Unbound 110 (2016): 137–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2398772300002956.

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The American Law Institute (ALI) has recently embarked on the project of elaborating a new Restatement of Conflict of Laws. Its first two Restatements on this subject have been enormously influential. The Ali began its work on the First Restatement in 1923, naming Joseph Beale of the Harvard Law School as its Reporter. Adopted in 1934, the First Restatement reflected the highly territorialist approach to the conflict of laws that had long prevailed in this country. Even before the First Restatement’s adoption, the First Restatement’s territorialist approach, and the “vested rights” theory on w

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29

Vogel, Theresa. "Critiquing Matter of A-B-: An Uncertain Future in Asylum Proceedings for Women Fleeing Intimate Partner Violence." University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, no. 52.2 (2019): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.52.2.critiquing.

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The #MeToo movement has brought renewed attention to the impact of gender inequality on our society’s ability to provide protection to women from physical and sexual violence, including intimate partner violence. Despite advances in legal protections and increased resources to prevent, prosecute, and bring an end to intimate partner violence, in the absence of true efforts to combat gender inequality as a whole, intimate partner violence will continue to pervade our society. The discussion of gender inequality’s impact on the treatment of intimate partner violence must expand beyond the violen

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30

Kofman, Aaron, Paula Eggers, Anne Kjemtrup, et al. "LB7. Contract Tracing Investigation Following First Case of Andes Virus in the United States." Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (2018): S761—S762. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy229.2181.

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Abstract Background In January 2018, a patient admitted to a Delaware hospital tested positive for New World hantavirus by IgM and IgG ELISA. Subsequent testing by CDC’s Viral Special Pathogens Branch (VSPB) confirmed Andes virus (ANDV) by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and sequencing. ANDV is transmitted to humans through contact with long-tailed rice rats endemic to Argentina and Chile. Unlike other hantavirus species, ANDV can be transmitted person to person, but transmission is typically limited to close contacts of ill persons. Because of this risk, a contact tra

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31

Sin, Dongyun. "The ADR Procedure and Implication of Labor Disputes in the United States." Institute for Legal Studies Chonnam National University 43, no. 3 (2023): 173–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.38133/cnulawreview.2023.43.3.173.

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In South Korea, specific work procedures have not been established to activate the alternative dispute resolution before and after labor disputes in the relief procedure. In particular, there is no special law that can uniformly and consistently apply the alternative solutions to labor disputes, and the subjects, procedures, and contents of the application are scattered in the Trade Union and Labor Relations Adjustment Act or the Labor Relations Commission Act. Nevertheless, the Labor Relations Commission actively participates from the collective bargaining stage, or the local labor commission

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32

Joelson, Mark R. "The Interplay of International, Federal and State Law in US Arbitration." Journal of International Arbitration 24, Issue 4 (2007): 379–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/joia2007026.

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The US legal rules governing arbitration must be distilled from a potent mixture of international law, federal law and local (state) law. Congressional legislation implements the New York Convention treaty obligations of the United States with respect to the enforcement of international arbitration agreements. The federal legislation also expresses a strong national policy favoring arbitration which pre-empts contravening state laws and court decisions. Nonetheless, state legal rules remain critical in providing the essence of arbitral contract law. This article discusses the interaction among

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33

DeCampli, William M. "Joint programmes in paediatric cardiothoracic surgery: a survey and descriptive analysis." Cardiology in the Young 21, S2 (2011): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951111001740.

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AbstractBackgroundJoint programmes, as opposed to regionalisation of paediatric cardiac care, may improve outcomes while preserving accessibility. We determined the prevalence and nature of joint programmes.MethodsWe sent an online survey to 125 paediatric cardiac surgeons in the United States in November, 2009 querying the past or present existence of a joint programme, its mission, structure, function, and perceived success.ResultsA total of 65 surgeon responses from 65 institutions met the criteria for inclusion. Of the 65 institutions, 22 currently or previously conducted a joint programme

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Yang, Ji Hoon. "Legal Study on the Introduction of Insurance Claim Rights Trust." Korean Insurance Law Association 18, no. 3 (2024): 131–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36248/kdps.2024.18.3.131.

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This paper aims to propose improvements to relevant legislation for the introduction of an insurance claim rights trust system in South Korea by comparing it with case studies from major countries. In life insurance contracts where the insured's death is the insurance event, death benefits can be effectively used as a means of inheritance. Death benefits naturally belong to the designated beneficiaries, who are generally family members. Even if the beneficiaries are not family, the policyholder would typically hope that they will use the death benefit efficiently. However, various situations m

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Pereira, Eduardo G., Tolulope O. Taiwo, and Ngozi Chinwa Ole. "Addressing Residual Liability and Insolvency in Disused Oil and Gas Infrastructure Left in Place: The Cases of Brazil, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago." Journal of Sustainable Development Law and Policy (The) 11, no. 2 (2021): 326–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jsdlp.v11i2.3.

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This article analyses the decommissioning framework for oil and gas infrastructures in Brazil, Nigeria, and Trinidad and Tobago. It examines whether the existing provisions in each country are able to guarantee that the government and, by extension taxpayers, do not bear the costs of decommissioning and, the consequences of insolvency on residual liabilities. An additional motivation for this examination is the ongoing Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), a pandemic with significant adverse impacts on the oil and gas industry. A likely consequence of the economic devastation from this is the i

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Nelson, Leonard J. "International Travel Restrictions and the Aids Epidemic." American Journal of International Law 81, no. 1 (1987): 230–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2202161.

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AIDS is truly an international phenomenon, with cases now reported on every continent. To combat the AIDS epidemic, the nations of the world may be reverting to a pattern of quarantine and restrictions on international travel. For example, on April 23, 1986, the Federal Register gave notice of a rule proposed by the Centers for Disease Control of the United States Public Health Service that, if enacted, will add AIDS to the list of seven diseases that provide grounds for exclusion of aliens. This action would allow the U.S. Department of State to deny visas and the Immigration and Naturalizati

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Graham, John Remington. "Natural Law, our Constitutions, and the Unborn." Revue générale de droit 27, no. 1 (2016): 21–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1035839ar.

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The problem of unenumerated constitutional rights in the United States and Canada is examined in order to seek a true and objective basis upon which judicial opinions may elaborate such privileges and immunities. The authentic root principles of fundamental law in both countries are traced to natural law as explained by Aquinas, Blackstone, Jefferson and other such legal philosophers. From this fund of knowledge, it is shown that natural law is a postulate of constitutional order in the United States and Canada, as illustrated by numerous judicial decisions which deal with freedom of contract

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Wang, Jingyi. "Study on the Multidimensional Analysis of PPP Project Failure Causes and Risk Management Optimization: Case Studies from China and the United States." Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 181, no. 1 (2025): 47–51. https://doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/2025.22799.

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As Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects involve collaboration between the public sector and private enterprises, they are commonly used in infrastructure construction, which is characterized by long durations, substantial investments, and low short-term returns. Those characteristics lead a lot of potential risk for P3 projects. In order to explore why P3 project fail and the risk management optimization plan, this study examines the cases of the "Ghost City" of Ordos in China and SR-91 of California in the US.By employing a literature review and comparative analysis, the study identifies

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Steinmetz, George. "Return to Empire: The New U.S. Imperialism in Comparative Historical Perspective." Sociological Theory 23, no. 4 (2005): 339–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0735-2751.2005.00258.x.

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The widespread embrace of imperial terminology across the political spectrum during the past three years has not led to an increased level of conceptual or theoretical clarity around the word “empire.” There is also disagreement about whether the United States is itself an empire, and if so, what sort of empire it is; the determinants of its geopolitical stance; and the effects of “empire as a way of life” on the “metropole.” Using the United States and Germany in the past 200 years as empirical cases, this article proposes a set of historically embedded categories for distinguishing among dif

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Jones, Eric, Thomas Keranen, Kasim Korkmaz, and Raed Jarrah. "A Case Study for Overcoming Obstacles During Planning and Construction Phases: MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility." International Journal of Civil Engineering, Construction and Estate Management 10, no. 3 (2022): 32–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijcecem.14/vol10n33248.

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The decision to construct the MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility in Aiken County, South Carolina, was largely a result of the Plutonium Management and Disposition Agreement between the United States and the Russian Federation, signed in September of 2000. However, the construction of the MOX Fuel Fabrication Facility has proven to be a more complex endeavor than many of the project planners had initially anticipated. To date, the project has yet to be completed, and in February 2019, the National Nuclear Security Administration issued a contract termination notice for the project. Currently, the Un

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de Brun, Suzanne, and Ray H. Elling. "Cuba and the Philippines: Contrasting Cases in World-System Analysis." International Journal of Health Services 17, no. 4 (1987): 681–701. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/r7hk-hkcq-2pad-hqn2.

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Cuba and the Philippines are countries with broad similarities in historical background yet sharp divergences in political economic developments and relations to the capitalist world-system in recent times. U.S. economic and political interests dominated both countries during the first half of the 20th century. The changes generated by the Cuban revolution resulted in the end of U.S. power in Cuba in 1959. The Philippines, however, remain profoundly dependent on the United States. The approach taken in this article contrasts these countries, asking what the results of their divergent paths are

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Schehr, Robert. "The Emperor’s New Clothes." Texas A&M Law Review 2, no. 3 (2015): 385–432. http://dx.doi.org/10.37419/lr.v2.i3.2.

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United States Supreme Court and jurisprudential rationalizations for the constitutionality, centrality, and finality of plea-bargaining signify intellectual dishonesty, ignorance of human behavior and decision-making, and a statesanctioned threat to personhood and liberty in the United States of America. It is the Author’s purpose to expose the imperious practice of plea-bargaining for what it is—a cynical and intellectually dishonest institutional remedy for an unwieldy judicial system that has knowingly rationalized the practice to facilitate expedient resolution of ever-increasing caseloads

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Yan, Lei, Yuhan Zhang, Mengjie Zhang, and Upmanu Lall. "A Nonstationary Daily and Hourly Analysis of the Extreme Rainfall Frequency Considering Climate Teleconnection in Coastal Cities of the United States." Atmosphere 16, no. 1 (2025): 75. https://doi.org/10.3390/atmos16010075.

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The nonstationarity of extreme precipitation is now well established in the presence of climate change and low-frequency variability. Consequently, the implications for urban flooding, for which there are not long flooding records, need to be understood better. The vulnerability is especially high in coastal cities, where the flat terrain and impervious cover present an additional challenge. In this paper, we estimate the time-varying probability distributions for hourly and daily extreme precipitation using the Generalized Additive Model for Location Scale and Shape (GAMLSS), employing differ

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Canetto, Silvia Sara, and Janet D. Hollenshead. "Gender and Physician-Assisted Suicide: An Analysis of the Kevorkian Cases, 1990–1997." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 40, no. 1 (2000): 165–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/av9g-cdru-1h83-gq0x.

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This study examines the seventy-five suicide cases Dr. Jack Kevorkian acknowledged assisting during the period between 1990 and 1997. Although these cases represent a range of regional and occupational backgrounds, a significant majority are women. Most of these individuals had a disabling, chronic, nonterminal-stage illness. In five female cases, the medical examiner found no evidence of disease whatsoever. About half of the women were between the ages of forty-one and sixty, and another third were older adults. In contrast, men were almost as likely to be middle-aged as to be older adults. M

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Hondius, Ewoud H. "Unfair Contract Terms and the Consumer: ECJ Case Law, Foreign Literature, and Their Impact on Dutch Law." European Review of Private Law 24, Issue 3/4 (2016): 457–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.54648/erpl2016029.

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Summary: In the late twentieth century, most European states have adopted legislation on unfair contract terms. The Directive 93/13/EEC on unfair terms in consumer contracts has effectively made the European Court of Justice (ECJ) the final arbiter in interpreting much of this legislation. The present paper explores the impact which the ECJ case law and foreign legal writing has had in an individual Member State, that is, the Netherlands. Seven issues are highlighted. (i) First, especially in the United States, information requirements as to contract terms have been investigated and found want

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Safitri, Nadila, and Suherman. "Formulation of Secondary Meaning Evidence in Trademark Infringement Disputes in Indonesia (Comparative Study of the United States and Thailand)." JURNAL MERCATORIA 17, no. 2 (2024): 154–64. https://doi.org/10.31289/mercatoria.v17i2.13094.

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This study aims to analyze the regulation of secondary meaning and the formulation of proving secondary meaning within the trademark legal regime in Indonesia. The research employs a normative juridical method, supported by statutes, conceptual, and comparative approaches. The data used in this study consist of legal instruments such as Law Number 20 of 2016 concerning Trademarks and Geographical Indications, the TRIPs Agreement, the US Lanham Act, and Trademark Law. The results of this study indicate that Indonesia has not yet accommodated the regulation of secondary meaning in Law Number 20

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Nnawulezi, Uche. "WITHOUT BORDERS: AN EXEGESIS OF HUMAN RIGHTS OF IMMIGRANT EMPLOYEES IN THE UNITED KINGDOM AND KINGDOM OF SAUDI ARABIA." Journal of Law and Border Protection 6, no. 1 (2024): 1–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.52617/jlbp.v6i1.579.

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The principal aim of this paper is to test how States implement international human rights law (IHRL) with respect to the security and welfare of immigrant employees in their country of residence. The paper explicates relevant IHRL shortcomings and contrasts them with rules applicable in situations of human rights abused of immigrant employees. This paper resolves three core questions that are specifically important to immigrant employees as follows: (1) who are considered immigrant employees under each law? Addressing this question permits the testing of whether States understands the status

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Sprague, Ian Flannigan. "Clarifying Limbo: Disentangling Indigenous Autonomy from the Mexican Constitutional Order." Perspectives on Federalism 8, no. 1 (2016): 36–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pof-2016-0003.

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Abstract In contrast to U.S. Federal Indian law, which has classified indigenous tribes as “domestic dependent nations” since the early 19th century, Mexican law has only recently begun to define the political and territorial autonomy of indigenous groups. This paper contrasts the Mexican approach to this problem to that of the United States, first describing Mexico’s 2001’s constitutional reforms and their failure to clarify the nature of tribal sovereignty. It then analyzes recent court cases that protect tribal political and territorial autonomy by applying rights to consultation contained

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Parker, Christine W. "Practice Guidelines and Private Insurers." Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 23, no. 1 (1995): 57–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.1995.tb01331.x.

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Practice guidelines are an increasingly relevant feature of health insurance. One hundred and seventy-eight million people in the United States have some form of private health insurance coverage; coverage for 150 million of them is employment-related. Traditionally, this coverage was provided by employers purchasing a group contract under which an insurance carrier provided indemnity coverage for employees—that is, the insurance company paid all usual, customary, and reasonable charges incurred by an employee for medical care, subject in some cases to an annual deductible and to a percentage

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Drahozal, Christopher. "The New York Convention and the American Federal System." REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ALTERNATIVE DISPUTE RESOLUTION 1, no. 1 (2019): 37–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.52028/rbadr.v1i1.2.

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Virtually all American states have statutes that make arbitration agreements and awards enforceable and that set out procedures for their enforcement in state courts. A number of states, including California, Texas, and Florida, have enacted international arbitration statutes to supplement their domestic arbitration laws.2 But this extensive body of state arbitration law has had only a “marginal impact” on American arbitration practice – particularly international arbitration practice because the Federal Arbitration Act (FAA) preempts conflicting state arbitration laws, even in state court. Al

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