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Дисертації з теми "Coronavirus – effets des médicaments et substances chimiques":
Meunier, Thomas. "Étude des mécanismes d’action de nouveaux inhibiteurs de coronavirus humains." Thesis, Université de Lille (2018-2021), 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LILUS057.
Coronaviruses are enveloped RNA viruses infecting mammals and birds. Four coronaviruses causing mild diseases, like common cold, have been described in human, HCoV-OC43, HCoV-229E, HCoV-NL63 and HCoV-HKU1. During the last two decades, three new, highly pathogenic coronaviruses have been identified the SARS-CoV (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrom) in 2003, the MERS-CoV (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) in 2012 and recently the SARS-CoV-2 in December 2019. The COVID-19 global outbreak caused by SARS-CoV-2, highlighted the lack of specific antiviral available against this family of virus. The team of Dr Karin SERON from the Cellular and Molecular Virology laboratory of the Center for Infection and Immunity of Lille, is specialized in the identification of antiviral compounds from natural origin. Indeed, plants are a source of natural therapeutic compounds and many plants are still being used in traditional medicine. The aim of my thesis was to identify natural antiviral agents against highly pathogenic human coronaviruses with the help of the knowledge and tools developed by the laboratory. My first project was carried out in collaboration with the group of Dr Simon Bordage from the Pharmacognosy laboratory of the Faculty of Pharmacy of Lille directed by Pr Sevser Sahpaz. Plant extracts from Ivorian plants used it traditional medicine were tested against the coronavirus HCoV-229E and we selected the most active, the Mallotus oppositifollius extract. After bio-guided fractionation, the active compound was isolated and characterized, the pheophorbide a (Pba). Pba is able to inhibit the infection of HCoV-229E and highly pathogenic coronaviruses MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 = 0.18 μM) as well as other enveloped viruses using a photo-dynamic inactivation mechanism. Pba targets the viral envelop and inhibits the fusion step. Pba is the first described natural antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 with direct photosensitive virucidal activity. This molecule could potentially be used in therapy or as disinfectant. My second project was about an anthocyanidin, the delphinidin, identified in the laboratory for its antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus. We showed that delphinidin is an entry inhibitor of coronaviruses in a dose-dependent manner for HCoV-229E, MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2 (IC50 = 16-20 μM). Our results show that delphinidin targets the glycosylation sites on the surface protein S. Thanks to a collaboration with the laboratory of Medicinal and Bioorganic Chemistry of Strasbourg, led by Dr Mourad Elhabiri, delphinidin synthetic derivates were screened in order to identify compounds with higher antiviral capacities. We thereby identify an active compound against HCoV-229E with a lower IC50 than delphinidin (IC50 = 0.06 μM). Surprisingly, its mechanism of action seems to be different than delphinidin with an activity at the replication step.In conclusion, during my thesis I was able to identify new natural antivirals against human coronaviruses, and in particular SARS-CoV-2, with novel mechanisms of action. This work may serve as a basis for obtaining molecules that can be used in the future for the treatment of coronavirus diseases
Gallet, Sébastien. "Conception, synthèse et évaluation pharmacologique de thiadiazépines et oxathiazépines potentiellement anticancéreuses." Lille 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003LIL2P002.
Safi, Malak. "Nanoparticules inorganiques et nanofils magnétiques : toxicité et étude physique des interactions avec les cellules vivantes." Paris 7, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA077029.
The inorganic nanoparticles, due to their size (< 100 nm) are being used in a wide range of applications including industries (cosmetics, automotive. . . ) and biomedicine (cancer therapy, drug delivery. . . ). However, the toxicity of these nanoparticles and their impact on the environment and possible health risks have not yet been fully evaluated. The evaluation of the toxicity appears to be difficult, considering the existence of different parameters such as the chemical composition of the nanoparticles, their size, their surface, their morphology, their uptake, and the type of targeted cells. The objective of our work is the study of the toxicity of these nanoparticles, and their interactions with living cells. We especially study the effects of the chemical composition, the coating, and the shape of the cerium oxide (CeO₂), iron oxide (y-Fe₂O₃), and the nanostructured materials synthesized from these particles. The cellular viability assays showed that the uptake inside mammalian cells and the toxicity depend on the nature of the particle, and also on the type of coating. Indeed, the polymers of weak molecular weight, adsorbed on the surface of the nanoparticles are more stable than the classic ligands and make them stealth. Surprisingly, despite their shape and length, the magnetic nanowires synthesized from y-Fe₂O₃), are taken up by the cells. Their biocompatibility and their biodegradability pave the way for applications in biophysics and nanomedicine
Debbabi, Haythem. "Hypertension artérielle et microcirculation." Paris 7, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA077085.
Many works link the complications of the hypertensive disease to a defect of perfusion of the target organes. These anomalies are primarily represented by an arteriolo-capillary rarefaction, and an endothelial dysfonction. The effective adjustment of the level of blood pressure remains a crucial objective, although preserving or restoring the tissue perfusions should not be neglected. In the first work, we have validated the measurement of the reactivity of the cutaneous circulation using laser Doppler flowmetry after local deliverance of cumulative amounts of acetylcholine by iontophoresis. The cutaneous response to acetylcholine was compared with the flow mediated vasodilation of the brachial artery. We found a very significant corrélation between cutaneous reactivity and brachial answer (r = 0. 91, P<0. 000001). We then showed that the cutaneous capillary density rarefaction can be reversed by an antihypertensive treatment. Moreover, in spite of a blood pressure control equivalent, all the classes of drugs do not have the same effect on the microcirculation. We in particular showed the superiority of fixed association of périndopril-indapamide in this field. The relationship between the microcirculatory damage and arterial hypertension is not yet clearly established. We showed that the increase of the blood pressure under treatment by the bevacizumab, an anti-VEGF used in oncology, could be, at least partially, explained by capillary rarefaction and endothelial dysfonction in the microcirculation
Lassurguère-Labbé, Julie. "Xénobiotiques, perturbateurs endocriniens et la fonction testiculaire." Rennes 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003REN1B060.
Khawaja, Naeem Raza Shaheen. "Role of mitochondrial ROS in patupilone induced apoptosis in neuroblastoma cells." Aix-Marseille 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009AIX22954.
Che, Thi Cam Ha. "Effets des cellules souches mésenchymateuses sur la cancérogenèse colique chimio-induite chez le rat." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077147.
The aim of this work was to evaluate in an animal model the harmlessness of cell therapy for tissue repair in a cancer environment. For that purpose, we induced colon carcinogenesis by intrarectal instillations of MNNG (N-Methyl-N'-Nitro-N-Nitrosoguanidine) in the rat. The MNNG induce an increase in the thickness of colon mucosa, as well as of the content in MCP-1, IL-6 and flbronectin. We have characterized the tumors (1) in vivo by endoscopy and PET scanning, (2) after autopsy by histology and immunohistology and ELIS A assay of proteins. In this model, we studied the influence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) obtained from bone marrow of rats transgenic for fluorescent protein GFP. MSC were injected intraveinously 4 and 6 weeks after initiating MNNG treatment of rats. The MSC-GFP were traced by immunofluorescence and identified in the chorion of colonic epithelium 6 days after injection, but not thereafter. Thirty-two weeks after MNNG treatment, the number of rats bearing tumors was significatively lower in the MSC-treated batch, as compared to MNNG alone. This resuit was confirmed after 52 weeks. On the other hand, MSC injections increased the effect of MNNG on the thickness of mucosa, especially epithelium, suggesting an intensification of tissue repair process after the attack by the carcinogen. The results suggest an early but ongoing action of MSC. Our hypothesis is that MSC contribute to thé restoration of a favourable micro-environment after mucosa lesion by MNNG therefore slowing cancer development
Lehraiki, Abdelali. "Effets et mécanismes d'action du Mono (2-ethylhexyl) phtalate (MEHP) sur le développement du testicule foetal et neonatal de souris in vitro." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077100.
Phthalate esters are a class of endocrine disrupting chemicals widely distributed in the environment. Numerous studies, conducted almost exclusively in the rat have shown that in utero exposure to phthalates results in deleterious effects on fetal testis. A few recent studies reported that phthalates also have deleterious effects on human fetal testis in vitro but the alterations described do not exactly match those in the rat and the mechanisms of action of these chemicals are largely unkhown. We defined specific periods of sensitivity of the mouse fetal testis to MEHP for steroidogenesis and gametogenesis. MEHP induced a severe and early decrease in the number of gonocytes due to massive apoptosis. Similar effects have recently been observed in vitro in the rat and in the human fetal testis. In contrast, effects on steroidogenesis were different from that described in both rat and human species. Therefore our work show that the deleterious effects of phthalates on steroidogenesis vary according to species and developmental stage, while the effects on gerrn cell development are similar in various mammalian species. Therefore, the effects bf phthalates on steroidogenesis are unrelated to those on gametogenesis. Using mouse deficient for ERo; ER/3 and AR (Tfm mouse) we defînitively eliminated the hypothesis of direct or indirect effect of MEHP on gametogenesis and steroidogenesis through antiandrogenic/estrogenic pathways. Finally, we demonstrated for the first time the implication of retinoic acid pathway in MEHP induced germ cells apoptosis. These results offer new clues to understand the mechanisms of action of phthalates in the fetal
Dumoux, Maud. "Etudes des effets de la pénicilline G sur les infections à chlamydia trachomatis." Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077009.
Chlamydia trachomatis infections lead to ocular trachoma, pneumopathy and sexually transmitted diseases. These infections are mostly not symptomatic and present persistent forms. This combination brings about severe consequences: cecity, sterility, extra uterine pregnancy. . . Moreover, it can allow bacterial dissemination in the organism leading to cardiopathy and arthritis. Consequently, chlamydiosis must be considered as a main public health problem. This work presents Penicillin G not as a persistence inducer, like literature proposes, but as a trigger of Chlamydia death, including persistent forms, which antibiotics in current use are unable to do. We tried to determine cellular mechanisms that sustain this degradation and demonstrate Penicillin G inhibition on a virulence factor secreted by Chlamydia. This study proposes to reintroduce Penicillin G in therapeutic protocols, especially in the persistence stages of the disease. This work also explores host-pathogen interactions and proposes a hypothesis to elucidate the Chlamydia paradox
Khemiri, Hanan. "Caractérisation des effets périphériques et centraux de l'érythropoïétine sur la sensibilité chimique à l'O2 et au CO2." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM5034.
Erythropoietin (EPO) is a cytokine that plays a major role in O2 homeostasis. Upon chronic hypoxia, EPO stimulates the maturation of erythroid progenitors into red blood cells, contributing to increased O2 carrying to tissues. Besides this well-known erythropoietic effect, EPO also modulates the respiratory response to hypoxia by interacting with the central respiratory network in the brainstem and the peripheral chemoreceptors. This effect was mainly characterized in adult mutant mice that overexpress EPO. Several aspects regarding EPO's effect on breathing regulation remain unknown. Our results show that acute EPO treatment increases the O2 sensitivity of the central respiratory network in newborn mice in vitro. However, EPO does not impact the hypoxic ventilatory response to hypoxia in vivo, but decreases the apneic events during severe hypoxia in mice at postnatal day 7. In WT adults, chronic but not acute EPO and C-EPO treatment increases the O2 sensitivity by stimulating both peripheral chemoreceptor and central respiratory network. Finally, both cerebral and plasmatic EPO blunt the ventilatory response to increased CO2 levels in adult mice. Taken together, these results imply that EPO, by acting on the ventilatory system, plays a key role in the modulation of the chemical sensitivity to O2 and CO2
Книги з теми "Coronavirus – effets des médicaments et substances chimiques":
International Symposium on Endocrinology in Anaesthesia and Surgery (4th 1989 Osaka, Japan). Endocrine response to anesthesia and intensive care: Proceedings of the 4th International Symposium on Endocrinology in Anesthesia and Surgery, Osaka, 14-15 September 1989. Edited by Matsuki Akitomo 1939-, Ishihara Hironori, and Oyama Tsutomu. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1990.
Italian National Programme on Liver Cirrhosis. Meeting. Chronic liver damage: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Italian National Programme on Liver Cirrhosis, San Miniato, Italy, 11-13 January 1990, with the sponsorship of the University of Florence. Edited by Dianzani M. U. 1925-, Gentilini Paolo, and Università di Firenze. Amsterdam: Excerpta Medica, 1990.
International Association of Biomedical Gerontology. International Congress. Pharmacological intervention in aging and age-associated disorders: Proceedings of the Sixth Congress of the International Association of Biomedical Gerontology. New York: New York Academy of Sciences, 1996.
Russell, A. D. Understanding antibacterial action and resistance. Chichester, West Sussex: Ellis Horwood, 1990.
R, Burleson Gary, ed. Methods in Immunotoxicology. Wiley, 1993.
R, Burleson Gary, Dean Jack H, and Munson Albert E, eds. Methods in immunotoxicology. New York: Wiley-Liss, 1995.
Burleson, Gary R., and Jack H. Dean. Methods in Immunotoxicology Two Volume Set Slipcase. Wiley-Liss, 1995.
B, Hook Jerry, and Goldstein Robin S, eds. Toxicology of the kidney. 2nd ed. New York: Raven Press, 1993.
Hook, Jerry B. Toxicology of the Kidney (Target Organ Toxicology Series). 2nd ed. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 1992.
(Editor), David S. Lester, William SlikkerJr (Editor), and Philip Lazarovici (Editor), eds. Site-Selective Neurotoxicity (Cell and Molecular Mechanisms of Toxinaction, 3). CRC, 2002.