Дисертації: "Corporate Environmental Disclosure Index"

1

Ahmad, Nassr Saleh Mohamed. "Corporate environmental disclosure in Libya : evidence and environmental determinism theory." Thesis, Edinburgh Napier University, 2004. http://researchrepository.napier.ac.uk/Output/2784.

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There is no doubt that in recent years Corporate Environmental Disclosure (CED) by corporations has received much attention among accounting academic researchers. However, reviewing previous studies has identified the following existing gaps which have given an impetus for this study and need to be bridged namely: (1) the need for a new approach of analysis namely, a three-dimensional analysis that includes the intra-country (external) factors, inter-organisational (internal) factors and content analysis; (2) the requirement for investigating other available means of CED such as internal reports and stand alone environmental reports; and (3) the call for examining CED practice in Libya where there was no previous attention given to this country. This study aims to examine the various aspects of CED in Libya with a view to testing the applicability of Environmental Determinism Theory. It did this initially by providing the first detailed and longitudinal description of the extent of practices of CED which were made by the all the largest industrial companies quoted on the Libyan Industrial Production Administration for the years 1998-2001. It then endeavoured to explain and understand this evidence of CED practice (or non-practice) by utilising (1) the perspectives of a sample of corporate managers of such companies regarding the nature of corporate environmental responsibility and CED; and (2) the political, economic and social contexts in which the CED is being made. To achieve this, three methods (triangulation approach) were utilised in this study, namely, content analysis, questionnaire and historiography. The results of content analysis showed that CED has yet to develop in Libya. There is no evidence of environmental disclosure either in terms of its quantity or quality, especially if the health and safety category is excluded. Libyan companies provide some statements in their annual reports, and, in some cases, other external reports (specific forms) or internal reports related to only one category of CED namely health and safety information. Apart from health and safety disclosed, the companies studied have disclosed no other environmental information. They still have a long way to go in order to reach the level reached by their counterparts in developed countries. An interesting point was that Libyan companies, by contrast with their counterparts even in developing countries, have given more attention to negative news. The perceptions of managers were investigated by using a questionnaire survey. Fifty three questionnaires were used with a rate of response of 62%. The results suggest that the vast majority of them accept that Libyan companies should recognise their environmental responsibility and provide environmental disclosure to the central authorities. However, most managers felt that a scarcity of legal and professional standards and guidelines, along with their lack of expertise, qualification and training in the field of CED have prevented them from engaging in CED. Therefore CED has not been put in the agenda of many Libyan companies. The analysis of the environmental influence on CED practice in Libya indicates that the social context including religion seems to be having to some extent an influence upon CED practice in Libya. However, the country's unique political and economic contexts along with the managers' attitudes and qualifications were the fundamental CED disclosure determinants. Therefore, this study has concluded that CED practices in Libya are shaped not only by one single factor but by the external and internal factors. The impact of the political, economic and social (external) factors reflects the indirect influence on the disclosure environment. Whereas, the internal factors (perception and cognition) reflect the direct impact of those involved in the disclosure process, namely the managers, as they are the ones who decide what information to be disclosed.

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2

Jones, Kathryn Louise. "Corporate environmental disclosure : the medium and the message." Thesis, University of Sunderland, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.247310.

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Companies have been providing information on their interactions with the environment since the 1880s however there has been an upsurge in the amount of information they provide over the last three decades. This has been driven by a variety of legislative, internal, social drivers. These corporate environmental disclosures appear within three key channels and media: via the Internet, in their AnnuaVFinancial Report and in a stand alone Environmental Report. The USA was the fIrst country to introduce statutory requirements relating to the disclosure of environmental information in the AnnuaVFinancial Report - Securities Release 5235 and 5386. Many other countries, including the UK, are now considering making environmental disclosure, in some shape or form, mandatory. Benchmarking studies are frequently applied identify the leading companies in terms of Environmental Reports; companies within the utility sector are repeatedly cited as leaders. However most research and benchmarking studies compare what themes have been disclosed in a single channel or media, for example, emissions, waste, energy, and do not examine the quality of the disclosures or compare those disclosures in the different channels and media. Recently, qualitative characteristics relating to the quality of environmental disclosures have been developed including, inter alia, accessibility, credibility and inclusivity. This thesis therefore aims to (1) assess whether utility companies are also leaders in environmental disclosure via the Internet and in their AnnuaVFinancial Reports, (2) compare the effects of a voluntary and mandatory disclosure requirements on the environmental themes and qualitative characteristics disclosed in the AnnuaVFinancial Reports and Environmental Reports of electric power utilities based in the UK and USA and applies Lasswell's model as an integrating framework for (1) and (2) in order to assess what, if any, inferences can be made from a direct content analysis relating to 'why' and 'with what effect' environmental disclosures are made. Content analysis is applied to meet the three main aims of this thesis. First, a basic appearance or nonappearance form of content analysis is applied on 275 (utility and non-utility) companies to assess whether utility companies are also leaders in environmental disclosure via the Internet. The amount location and type of environmental themes that were disclosed within the AnnuaVFinancial Reports of 100 (utility and non-utility) companies were then identifIed via content analysis to assess whether utility companies are also leaders in environmental disclosure in their Annual Report and Financial Report. A more complex frequency content analysis was applied to assess the environmental themes and the qualitative characteristics disclosed by 20 electric power companies based in the UK and USA in their AnnuaVFinancial Reports and Environmental Reports to evaluate the affect of voluntary and mandatory disclosure requirements. The research shows that no companies are fully exploiting the capabilities of the Internet for environmental disclosure and that no one sector stands out as a leader. The oil, gas, coal and related services sector, not the utility sector, are leaders in terms of environmental disclosure within the AnnuaVFinancial Report, indeed there does not appear to be any consensus within the utility sector regarding the environmental themes that should be disclosed. Mandatory disclosure requirements heavily influence the amount, themes, balance, character and specifIcity of environmental disclosures made by of electric power companies based in the USA who appeared to target their disclosures in the AnnuaVFinancial Report and Environmental Report at different audiences. Electric power companies based in the UK, where there are no mandatory disclosure requirements, disclosed double the amount of information in their Environmental Report than companies based in the USA but disclosed less information in their AnnuaVFinancial Report which was virtually a subset of those in their Environmental Report in terms of the amount, themes, balance, character and specifIcity. It can be concluded from the application of Lasswell's model that environmental disclosures are made due to a combination of drivers, the types and qualitative characteristics of those disclosures depend on the relative importance of those drivers. More importantly the environmental disclosures have little effect due to their lack of credibility, and environmental disclosures, in particular, via the Internet were found to be unduly burdensome in terms of their accessibility. Stakeholders will fmd it difficult to create an informed image until there are generally accepted or mandatory standardised data collection methods, measurements and presentation for collating the environmental information itself and for the verifIcation statement therefore they need to be aware of the limitations of corporate environmental disclosures, be critical of the information and go back to the company for more details on any area of specific interest. Although companies may not want to allow stakeholders to create an informed image, guidelines are presented that can be used by companies to improve the accessibility and credibility of their environmental disclosures.

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3

Badkook, Roaa. "Corporate social and environmental disclosure : evidence from Saudi Arabia." Thesis, Middlesex University, 2017. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/22664/.

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The aim of this study is to elevate the understanding of corporate social and environmental disclosure (CSED) by examining the nature and level of CSED by the listed companies in Saudi Arabia. It analyses CSED determinant’s which includes: firm characteristics and corporate governance aspects. Four theoretical perspectives, namely stakeholder, legitimacy, institutional, and Agency theory, used to assist in better understanding and analysing the findings on the CSED in Saudi Arabia. This study adopts a quantitative approach; the selected sample consists of 164 corporate reports of Saudi companies listed on the Saudi Stock Exchange, in 2012. Content analysis is used to measure the extent of social and environmental information that are reported. An information index was devised. The data were examined using descriptive and statistical tests multivariate analyses and negative binomial regression. The results show more than 70% of the companies report social and environmental information, most of the disclosures are related to human recourses, community involvement and economics. Human recourses category rate is 41.5 %, community involvement at 24.5%, and economic disclosure is 20%. Less attention is given to environmental, customers and products reporting. The Saudi government encourages companies to follow the Saudisation regulations and the Ministry of Labour regulations. Hence companies tend to report considerably more on information issues addressed by the government. This study examines the factors affecting the level of CSED which are firm characteristics and corporate governance. CSED level is positively associated with firm characteristics (firm size, age, profitability, and leverage), and corporate governance mechanism (government ownership and audit firm size). There were no significant results for managerial ownership, foreign ownership, CEO duality, board size and independency. The determinants of CSED categories indicate that firm age is the most influential factor affecting the five categories and human resource is the category that is related with most of the factors.

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4

Guinchard, Julia. "Evaluation et valorisation de la communication environnementale et diffusion d’informations dans le document de référence : le cas des entreprises cotées du CAC 40, de 2007 à 2013." Thesis, Paris 10, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA100124/document.

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En se focalisant sur 38 grands groupes cotés au CAC 40, de 2007 à 2013, la question de l’affichage environnemental et de sa valorisation sur le marché est envisagée dans une étude exploratoire selon les axes suivants : Le premier consiste à identifier l’existence d’un effet sur les cours de bourse d’une diffusion publique d’éléments afférant à la stratégie environnementale, en faisant appel aux études d’événements. La publication du document de référence a ainsi retenu toute l’attention. Puis, il apparaît essentiel de caractériser cette information : L’objectif n’est pas d’évaluer la qualité de la politique adoptée, mais d’étudier et évaluer les comportements en la matière, en mobilisant une analyse de contenu pour un total de 228 documents de référence. Une méthodologie de scoring a été adoptée, afin d’établir un indice de diffusion d’informations environnementales, sur la base d’un référentiel reconnu internationalement et pertinent, le Global Reporting Initiative (GRI). Enfin, une modélisation permet de tester la relation entre la réaction observée sur le marché financier et l’information environnementale. Sur la pratique de diffusion d’informations environnementales, les comportements des entreprises de l’échantillon se sont améliorés tant sur la nature des informations divulguées que sur les pratiques globales : Elles sont de plus en plus transparente sur la base des critères environnementaux définis par le GRI. A la publication du document de référence, des rentabilités anormales cumulées sont observées et significatives. Les résultats laissent apparaître que le pouvoir explicatif de la communication environnementale est au demeurant plus important que des variables financières, tel que la variation de l’effet de levier, bien qu’il soit affecté au cours du temps
By focusing on 38 stock marketed companies from the CAC 40 from 2007 to 2013, to question on the link between environmental published information and market valorization is at stake. The response is organized trough 3 main objectives by performing an explorative analysis: First, one may identify an impact from the disclosure about environmental practices on the stock market thank to the event study methodology. Publication of the annual registration documents hold attention in order to appreciate public environmental communication: Thus, the issue is not to evaluate firms’ policies but to understand how do they behave concerning their communication, by performing a content analysis based on 228 registration documents. Then, one may use an innovative data sources through the Global reporting initiative (GRI) standardized items to explore and to score the published information concerning environmental practices, leading to build an disclosure index. Last, one may test the relationship between the disclosure practices and the impact of this disclosure on the stock market. Companies tend to be more and more transparent according to the GRI, as on the items itself than on their whole practices. When they circulate their registration documents, there are significant cumulated abnormal returns. As a result, one may observe that disclosure on environmental practices explains more the abnormal returns than financial datas, as the leverage variation, even if this effect tend to be less and less important with time

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5

de, Aguiar Thereza R. S. "Corporate disclosure of greenhouse gas emissions : a UK study." Thesis, University of St Andrews, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10023/840.

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Two beliefs drove this dissertation to be centered on the analysis of the UK corporate disclosure (CD) related to global climate change (GCC). Firstly, GCC is the most significant environmental concern of our current age (IPCC, 2001; Stern, 2006; IPCC, 2007). Secondly, CD could illustrate the values of organizations and possibilities for changing organizations’ responsibility regarding to GCC (Gray et al., 1996; Bebbington and Larrinaga-Gonzalez, 2008; Bebbington et al., 2009). This study utilizes content analysis as its principal method and seeks to achieve its goal by way of a two investigations. The first investigation focuses on disclosures made by direct participants’ (DP) in the UK Emissions Trading Scheme (UK ETS). It captures GCC disclosures from both stand alone (SA) and annual reports (AR) during 2000 - 2004. This part of the study explores if joining the UK ETS changed GCC disclosures. This is tested on both a longitudinal and matched pair (MP) basis. An analysis using institutional theory suggests that instruments of environmental policy may influence GCC disclosures. Results showed that DP increased GCC disclosure, especially in the AR where mainstream business rationale is accepted. MP disclosures, in contrast, focus on the SA media and on different topics than DP disclosures. AR and SA both contain CD, but in this study they showed different patterns of disclosure and therefore may constitute different disclosure media. The second investigation suggests a method to compare GCC disclosure for a sample of DP and MP, using three different media: carbon disclosure project (CDP), AR and SA. Analysis shows that GCC disclosure did not provide sufficient information to compare GCC initiatives and disclosures. Despite the fact that organizations have similar characteristics in terms of sector, size and origin country, they showed different views on GCC issues and this may partially explain differences on GCC initiatives and disclosure.

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6

Ishwerf, Adel Imhmed. "Stakeholders' requirements and perceptions of corporate environmental disclosure in Libya." Thesis, University of Salford, 2012. http://usir.salford.ac.uk/26730/.

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This study emphasises on examining various stakeholder groups' perceptions and requirements and represents an attempt to fill a gap in the CED literature where the views of non-managerial and non-financial stakeholders are largely absent. The study explores the perceptions and requirements of a wide group of stakeholders in the context of a developing county, Libya. This study contributes to that limited stakeholders' perceptions and requirements based CED literature. To achieve the aim of this study, face-to-face semi-structured interviews were adopted as a main instrument to collecting data. A series of semi-structured interviews were conducted with individuals and senior representatives of various stakeholder groups. The data came from 30 stakeholders from six groups of stakeholders namely: Regulators and Policy Makers; Local Governments; Managers; Employees; Shareholders and Financial Institutions. Content analysis was used to turn qualitative data, which was collected via open-ended questions, into numerical data using NVivo software. A difference of perceptions and requirements of stakeholder groups towards CED was identified from the collected data. In general, stakeholders are interested in, and positively disposed towards CED. However, interviewees generally perceive that CED is fairly significant to business, but current CED practice is viewed negatively and weak. Through the empirical study, the incentives and disincentives for CED are identified. Increasing awareness of environmental issues, market competition, religious obligation, compliance with industrial codes and training programmes appear to be the key driving motivations in the study country, while lack of legal requirements, lack of knowledge/awareness, absence of demand, issues management, fear of bad publicity, companies emphasis on economic performance, sensitive and confidential information, absence of pressure by government states, and absence of NGOs appear to be impeding CED practices. Participants believed companies should be accountable to all stakeholder groups for their environmental impacts and the only way for enforcing CED practice is using mandatory compliance. The results present evidence of a widespread demand for mandated CED in a separate stand-alone report. The results also showed that, information related to environmental activities have been given the highest priority by all the stakeholders while, the issues related to environmental financial issues and energy issues have been placed last and second last on the ranking scale. The results imply that regulators and policy makers as well companies as have to consider the policy implications of these other stakeholders' views and requirements. In addition, the findings require careful consideration by regulators and policy makers at the national and international levels. Drawing on the empirical results, the study makes some recommendations for future research aimed at improving CED practice in Libya and more broadly. This is the first time this type of research has been conducted in Libya.

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7

Aburaya, Rania Kamal. "The relationship between corporate governance and environmental disclosure : UK evidence." Thesis, Durham University, 2012. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/3456/.

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The increasing global concern for the environment, the demand for increased stakeholder reporting, and the importance of sound corporate governance structures have triggered the need for more research into the value creation of environmental disclosure for stakeholders and its integration within corporate governance structures. The main objective of the current study is to empirically examine the relationship between corporate governance and each of the quantity and the quality of corporate environmental disclosures in the UK, while controlling for some corporate characteristics as well as an in-depth exploration of quality identification and assessment issues. In doing so, the study distinguishes between the different categories or areas of activity to which environmental disclosure relates as well as between the different types of environmental information content. Based on stakeholders-agency theory, the study argues that the quantity and quality of corporate environmental disclosure directed to various stakeholders are enhanced when managers' opportunism is monitored by corporate governance mechanisms, thereby, reducing the information gap or asymmetry. Content analysis of a sample of UK companies' annual reports is undertaken to examine the quantity and quality of corporate environmental disclosure practices and their association with corporate governance mechanisms, over a period of four years. Hence, the annual reports of FTSE-All share companies are examined for years 2004-2007 inclusive. A checklist of environmental disclosure items and categories is developed and environmental disclosure indices are computed. The study suggests an extensive four-dimensional framework for assessing environmental disclosure quality. The metric developed attempts to capture the qualitative characteristics of information in a manner consistent with well-supported frameworks elaborated by professional accounting bodies and standard setting organizations. Although corporate environmental disclosure quantity in UK companies' annual reports is relatively low, corporate environmental disclosure quality is comparatively high. Results also revealed a significant association between environmental disclosure quantity and, to a lesser extent, environmental disclosure quality and most corporate governance mechanisms. In addition, it appears that other corporate governance mechanisms are significant at some categorical levels of environmental disclosure. The major strength of the current study is its practical implications and its usefulness in providing data for further extensive environmental disclosure quality development. The comprehensive framework developed in this study for identifying and assessing environmental disclosure quality, is an initial step in the direction of examining environmental disclosure from the stakeholder perspective, negating the traditional belief of quantity representation of quality and shifting disclosure quality perspective from volumetric measurement to semantic assessment.

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8

Ibrahim, Mohamed Hamida Ibrahim. "Corporate environmental disclosure : a case from the Libyan construction industry." Thesis, Liverpool John Moores University, 2011. http://researchonline.ljmu.ac.uk/4354/.

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In recent years, the international community has become ever more concerned with the effect of human activity on the environment which can be observed and regulated through international policy. An underlying premise suggests that the natural environment should serve the interests of the current generations without jeopardising those of future generations. As a result, the disclosure of environmental issues has become the topic of many studies, and there has been much debate over the disclosure of environmental information by companies. However, little research has been conducted in developing countries regarding the amount and kind of corporate environmental disclosure (CED) within annual reports and its development over time, as well as the effect of external and internal factors on the environmental disclosure. The main aim of this study is to explore current disclosure of environmental issues carried out by Libyan construction companies in order to explain the presence or the absence of CED practices in light of stakeholder and political economy theory. In doing so, a content analysis of the annual reports is made in order to describe CED practices undertaken by the largest Libyan construction companies. In addition, the perspectives and perceptions of a sample of financial managers and the users of the annual reports of Libyan construction companies regarding the various aspects of CED have been explored by conducting semi-structured interviews and administration of questionnaires. Although financial managers are positively inclined toward environmental performance and disclosure by the companies, the results of the study revealed that the level of environmental disclosure in Libyan construction companies was very low. Based on the views of the financial managers, this is due to a number of reasons that have prevented them adopting CED. The most prominent of these are an absence of environmental awareness, lack of demand for environmental information and a dearth of academic research. Similarly, managerial perspectives reveal that the absence of environmental disclosure is mainly due to lack of civil society organizations and the avoidance of any accountability to the public or government. In addition, a deeper viewpoint was provided by the users of annual reports, when they indicated that the social, political and economic features of the Libyan society does not encourage or facilitate environmental disclosure initiatives. However, the teachings of the Islamic religion may encourage companies to disclose the damage to the environment, according to the viewpoint of the majority of the participants. Furthermore, the results of study are consistent with managerial branch of stakeholders theory and the bourgeois political economy theory providing a robust explanation for the absence and the presence of environmental disclosure of Libyan construction companies. Thus, it can be concluded that the CED practices of the Libyan construction industry are influenced by internal factors (management attitude and cognition) and external factors including, local culture, accounting education, the economic and political system, and the legal system.

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9

Elijido-Ten, Evangeline. "Extending the application of stakeholder theory to Malaysian corporate environmental disclosures." Swinburne Research Bank, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1959.3/38308.

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Thesis (PhD) - Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University of Technology, 2006.
A thesis is submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Doctor of Philosophy, Faculty of Business and Enterprise, Swinburne University of Technology - 2006. Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (p. 231-246)

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10

Al-Shaer, Habiba. "The relationship between audit committees, corporate environmental disclosure, and environmental reputation : UK evidence." Thesis, Durham University, 2014. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/9466/.

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The thesis examines the determinants of the volume of environmental disclosures and their quality, with particular reference to the role of audit committees and the role of such disclosures in the creation and sustenance of firms’ environmental reputation. It also examines the impact of environmental reputation on enhancing firm financial performance. Using a resource-based view (RBV) and quality signalling approach, this study examines three questions: first, to what extent are the volume and quality of environmental disclosures determined by the resource base of the firm and the quality of its audit committee?; second, does the combination of quality disclosures and audit committee add to the reputation of the firm?; and finally, what is the relationship between corporate environmental reputation and firm financial performance? Using a sample of UK FTSE 350 companies from 2007-2011, I found evidence that larger firms with higher quality audit committees make higher quality disclosures. These firms enhance their reputations by virtue of their size, the quality of their audit committees, the quality of their disclosures, and their board size. Larger firms with block shareholders tend to have greater volume of disclosures, whilst audit committees and larger boards tend to have no role in promoting such disclosures. Higher disclosure volume alone does not lead to increased reputation. These results therefore show support for the RBV quality signalling approach. Larger firms possess a greater resource base and, therefore, have the ability to invest in non-replicable corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategies. Audit committees, which possess Smith Report compliant features, promote reputation directly and through their determination of better quality disclosures that are difficult to replicate by competitors, thereby signalling the firm specific competitive advantage investments to the market. When revisiting the relationship between environmental reputation and financial performance, results indicate a positive impact of corporate environmental reputation on financial performance measured by both accounting and market-based measures, and were consistent with the RBV of the firm. Findings in this study have implications for managers in terms of disclosure practices where the quality of disclosure is an important aspect and of a higher value due to the difficulty of replication by companies not genuinely committed to environmental good practice. Moreover, the study aims to provide managers with a better view of how governance and specifically audit committee can impact the setting of environmental goals and enhance accountability. Finally, corporations looking to regain trust with investors and other stakeholders need to take steps towards an environmental agenda.

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11

Ince, Davut. "Corporate, social and environmental reporting (CSER) : an application of stakeholder theory." Thesis, University of Exeter, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.284623.

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12

Salama, Aly Ibrahim. "The relationship between corporate environmental disclosure, environmental reputation, and firm financial performance : UK evidence." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.397582.

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13

Liu, Han. "The relationship between corporate governance, environmental disclosure, and firm value in Chinese listed companies." Thesis, Durham University, 2015. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/11246/.

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In the last three decades, the rapid economic growth of China has attracted increasing research on its corporate governance and disclosure practices. However, there is, in general, a lack of understanding from the outside world due to the specific knowledge needed of the unique situation of China. In addition, previous studies lack research on the relationship between corporate governance and environmental disclosure in developing countries. In this thesis, the roles of ownership structure and board composition on the extent of environmental disclosure in the annual reports are examined through evidence from the Chinese market. The sample of this research is collected from both the Shenzhen Stock Exchange (SZSE) and Shanghai Stock Exchange (SHSE). In this study, the quantity of environmental disclosure (measured by the mechanistic content analysis approach) and the quality of environmental disclosure (measured by the interpretative approach) are employed to estimate environmental disclosure variables. The results indicate that both qualitative and quantitative environmental disclosures increase with state ownership, greater blockholder ownership, and with a larger supervisory board. Environmental disclosures are not significantly associated with the proportion of independent directors on the board of directors. Furthermore, this study denotes that much less environmental information is disclosed in the annual reports of most Chinese listed companies compared to those of developed countries and so China is in a budding stage of development in disclosure practice. It suggests that firms should reveal more environmental information in the future for a win-win situation between themselves and their stakeholders under the stakeholder-agency framework. This thesis also examines how the market reacts to qualitative and quantitative environmental disclosures from annual reports during relatively long periods, compared with the event study. Using two sets of databases (CCER and CSMAR) and annual reports from two Stock Exchanges, financial data and environmental disclosure information are collected to test the regressions using Chinese observations between 2009 and 2011. Voluntary environmental disclosure in the annual report is expected to provide value relevant information in the Chinese market based on signalling theory and the concept of information asymmetry. The findings indicate that quantitative environmental disclosure is positively value relevant in the market, and it also influences the firm value in the subsequent year; in contrast, qualitative environmental disclosure merely relates to the firm value in the same year, but it does not affect the subsequent year. The uniqueness of China motivates the research on corporate governance in China, which would be a reference for countries processing similar mechanisms or attempting to advance their corporate governance. This research contributes to the existing literature on accounting about corporate governance, managerial structure, and disclosure practice in fast growing developing countries such as China. It enhances the understanding of influences from different corporate governance compositions on environmental disclosure. In addition, this research contributes to the knowledge about the association between market value and environmental information in fast developing countries such as China based on a large sample during consecutive years. Moreover, it is an up-to-date empirical research, which enhances the understanding in terms of qualitative and quantitative environmental disclosures and provides useful information for various stakeholders.

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14

Maroni, Justin J. "Quantifying the Expected Market Benefits of a Corporate Political Spending Disclosure Requirement: An Event Study Examining the Market Impact of the CPA-Zicklin Index of Corporate Political Disclosure and Accountability." Walsh University Honors Theses / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=walshhonors1524143381091642.

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15

Rizk, Riham Ragab. "Corporate social and environmental disclosure practices : an international comparison of UK, Indian and Egyptian corporations." Thesis, Durham University, 2006. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/1807/.

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16

Gerged, Ali M. "Corporate environmental disclosure in the Arab Middle Eastern and North African region : an institutional perspective." Thesis, University of Huddersfield, 2018. http://eprints.hud.ac.uk/id/eprint/34526/.

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Prompted by calls to examine social and environmental disclosure beyond developed countries and, in particular, by studies that have begun to investigate practices in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of corporate environmental disclosure (CED) by firms in Arab MENA countries. Using a detailed research instrument consisting of 55 items in five categories, a multi-country content analysis of the annual reports of 180 industrial and service sector companies listed on nine of the region’s major stock markets was conducted for a five-year period from 2010 to 2014. Consistent with previous studies that applied balanced panel data, the further statistical analysis was conducted by using Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique and supported by carrying out other estimations including a fixed-effects model, lagged-effects model, a weighted disclosure index model, and a two-stage least square (2SLS) model. Theoretically, an institutional framework has been employed to interpret CED practices in the MENA region using the three isomorphic pressures (i.e., mimetic, coercive, and normative). The calculation of an unweighted disclosure index indicates that, although the level of disclosure might be considered relatively low, it increased significantly over the period 2010 to 2014. There are some differences between countries in any given year, but the growth in disclosure is observed to be a region-wide phenomenon. Analysis of five categories of environmental disclosure and the behaviour of different types of the company not only reveals some interesting patterns but also reinforces the picture of a widespread general increase in disclosure. Although firm-specific characteristics (i.e., firm size, profitability, leverage, industry, auditor type) are positively and significantly related to CED in the MENA region, the influence of country-level governance (i.e., voice and accountability, government efficiency, and control of corruption) is heterogeneous in that they may have enhanced or reduced CED levels in annual reports across the nine MENA countries. Additionally, CED reflects the different region-specific pressures (i.e., business cultures and business environment). By using institutional theory, the study argues that country-level institutional factors, representative of the social context of a company’s operational environment may either encourage or discourage the adoption of CED in the countries across the MENA region. Since a relatively comprehensive disclosure index was used, it is unlikely that the study was biased against any particular country or type of company and so it provides a sound basis for comparison across the Arab MENA region. The study also provides a systematic picture for policymakers in the region as well as future researchers.

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17

Song, Peng. "An investigation into the relationship between corporate governance and environmental disclosure in Chinese listed companies." Thesis, Glasgow Caledonian University, 2018. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.743923.

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18

Boström, Daniel. "Environmental information : A study of environmental disclosure in financial analyst reports, annual reports, CSR reports and environmental risk profiles." Thesis, Umeå University, Umeå School of Business, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-24589.

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The awareness of environmental issues has increased among the public the last decades. An environmental movement is occurring and companies are beginning to adapt themselves and their business activities to the changing view of environmental issues. Greater attention are turning to companies around the world due to the view that they have a responsibility concerning environmental and sustainability matters in their business operations. The development of environmental guidelines such as the Global Reporting Initiative and the presenting of separate Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) reports illustrate the emerged demand of an environmental awareness from various stakeholders. Government regulations and inter-continental agreements of carbon taxes, emission trade rights and various environmental targets are influencing the operations and the environmental approach for the companies.

An important link in the information chain is the financial analysts and their role as information intermediaries. The characteristics of their profession combined with their expertise knowledge of evaluating companies are reasons behind their function in the investment value chain. Traditionally, the valuation of companies has been based on financial figures and the models derive from typical tangible assets such growth numbers, estimated future earnings and cash flow. Environmental issues have throughout the years been considered of secondary importance due to the specific kind of information it represents.

This study examines factors influencing the amount of environmental information presented in financial analyst reports. The amount of environmental information presented in annual reports, CSR reports and an environmental risk profile developed by GES Investment Services have been selected as predictor variables to determine the amount of environmental information in the financial analysts’ reports.

40 companies from the industrial sector have been included in the study and the results reveal that no or very little environmental information can be found in the financial analyst reports. The financial analysts’ seem to prioritize other kinds of information when evaluating companies and creating analyst reports. The study also reveals that companies with separate CSR reports seem to have a higher amount of environmental information presented in annual reports as well as a better environmental risk profile.

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19

Hassan, Mohamat Sabri. "The information quality of derivative disclosure in corporate annual reports of Australian firms in the extractive industries." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2004. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/15962/1/Mohamat_Sabri_Hassan_Thesis.pdf.

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Recent events in the business world have focused attention on the importance of high quality financial reporting. Of particular interest is where the collapse of prominent companies such as Baring Plc. was due to the company's involvement with derivative instruments. In Australia, some derivative instruments are not recognised in the balance sheet. However, the Australian accounting standard AASB 1033 Presentation and Disclosure of Financial Instruments requires extensive disclosures to overcome the lack of guidance with regard to the recognition and measurement. Therefore, AASB 1033 may be regarded as a high quality disclosure standard. This thesis investigates the transparency or information quality of derivative disclosures of Australian firms in the extractive industries using 1998 to 2001 financial reports. The extractive industries play a major role in the Australian economy, where they generated exports worth more than A$30billion in 2000 to 2002 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2003a and 2003b). Further, firms in the extractive industries extensively use derivative instruments for hedging purposes (Berkman, Bradbury, Hancock and Innes, 1997). The objective of this study is, first, to examine the relationship between the transparency or disclosure quality of derivative information and firm characteristics. Second, this study investigates the value relevance of derivative disclosures in particularly hedge information, net fair value information and risk information. Quality is measured based on a disclosure index developed from AASB 1033 Presentation and Disclosure of Financial Instruments. A finding of concern is that the majority of firms in this study provide less than complete information and therefore enforcement power is required to ensure compliance (Kothari, 2000) Prior studies have related disclosure quality of accounting information with firm characteristics but no attempt has been made to relate those characteristics with the disclosure quality of derivative instruments. The current study contributes to the literature by examining the relationship between firm characteristics and the quality of derivative disclosures. Firm characteristics investigated are size, profitability, price-earnings ratio, market-to-book ratio, research and development activity, auditor, debt-to-equity ratio and type of extractive firm. This study finds that the variables, firm size, price-earnings and debt-to-equity ratios are associated with the disclosure quality of derivative information. To a lesser extent, the variables, market-to-book ratio and profitability, are also associated with disclosure quality. High disclosure quality has been argued to lead to a reduction in the cost of debt (Sengupta, 1998) and equity (Botosan, 1997), resulting in higher security prices (Miller and Bahnson, 2002). The results of this study indicate that high quality derivative information, as represented by the disclosure index, is value relevant. Market participants do consider hedge information and risk information components as important for decision-making. However, examining the specific information disclosed in the financial statements indicate that some of the disclosed information such as the unrealised gain or loss on financial assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet derivative financial instruments are not significant. These results contribute to the value relevance literature as this study focuses on the extractive industries which have been neglected in the literature. This study provides important information for standard setters and regulators for future directions in developing accounting standards and is particularly relevant for the impending adoption of International Accounting Standards.

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20

Hassan, Mohamat Sabri. "The information quality of derivative disclosure in corporate annual reports of Australian firms in the extractive industries." Queensland University of Technology, 2004. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/15962/.

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Recent events in the business world have focused attention on the importance of high quality financial reporting. Of particular interest is where the collapse of prominent companies such as Baring Plc. was due to the company's involvement with derivative instruments. In Australia, some derivative instruments are not recognised in the balance sheet. However, the Australian accounting standard AASB 1033 Presentation and Disclosure of Financial Instruments requires extensive disclosures to overcome the lack of guidance with regard to the recognition and measurement. Therefore, AASB 1033 may be regarded as a high quality disclosure standard. This thesis investigates the transparency or information quality of derivative disclosures of Australian firms in the extractive industries using 1998 to 2001 financial reports. The extractive industries play a major role in the Australian economy, where they generated exports worth more than A$30billion in 2000 to 2002 (Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, 2003a and 2003b). Further, firms in the extractive industries extensively use derivative instruments for hedging purposes (Berkman, Bradbury, Hancock and Innes, 1997). The objective of this study is, first, to examine the relationship between the transparency or disclosure quality of derivative information and firm characteristics. Second, this study investigates the value relevance of derivative disclosures in particularly hedge information, net fair value information and risk information. Quality is measured based on a disclosure index developed from AASB 1033 Presentation and Disclosure of Financial Instruments. A finding of concern is that the majority of firms in this study provide less than complete information and therefore enforcement power is required to ensure compliance (Kothari, 2000) Prior studies have related disclosure quality of accounting information with firm characteristics but no attempt has been made to relate those characteristics with the disclosure quality of derivative instruments. The current study contributes to the literature by examining the relationship between firm characteristics and the quality of derivative disclosures. Firm characteristics investigated are size, profitability, price-earnings ratio, market-to-book ratio, research and development activity, auditor, debt-to-equity ratio and type of extractive firm. This study finds that the variables, firm size, price-earnings and debt-to-equity ratios are associated with the disclosure quality of derivative information. To a lesser extent, the variables, market-to-book ratio and profitability, are also associated with disclosure quality. High disclosure quality has been argued to lead to a reduction in the cost of debt (Sengupta, 1998) and equity (Botosan, 1997), resulting in higher security prices (Miller and Bahnson, 2002). The results of this study indicate that high quality derivative information, as represented by the disclosure index, is value relevant. Market participants do consider hedge information and risk information components as important for decision-making. However, examining the specific information disclosed in the financial statements indicate that some of the disclosed information such as the unrealised gain or loss on financial assets and liabilities and off-balance sheet derivative financial instruments are not significant. These results contribute to the value relevance literature as this study focuses on the extractive industries which have been neglected in the literature. This study provides important information for standard setters and regulators for future directions in developing accounting standards and is particularly relevant for the impending adoption of International Accounting Standards.

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21

Zhao, Xi, and Meng Guo. "What is the impact of industrial environmental events on the quality of environmental disclosure in corporate annual reports? : A longitudinal study." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-45311.

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Environmental accounting, as a newly developed cross-field subject, has been received increasing attentions in recent years. With public awareness of corporate social responsibility and sustainability, corporate environmental performance also has been aroused among social public, stakeholders, and internal management. Environmental disclosure, as an effective link between corporate management and social responsibility, is becoming a valuable research topic. One unsolved problem of the environmental disclosure is the corporate behavior of listed companies in terms of environmental reporting in the post environmental events period, from 2005 to 2009. Those corporation environmental events, exposed by media, include over pollution, over emissions and illegal environmental activities. According to legitimacy theory, negative social perception and “legitimacy gaps” of the community result from illegitimate corporate activities, like environmental events, and corporations are therefore been threatened in its existence. In this case, enhanced environmental disclosure in annual reports is supposed to be an appropriate way to eliminate threats for corporations and ameliorate negative social perceptions. It imply that corporations with lower level of environmental performance are required to have more environmental disclosure for sustainability. Some prior studies provided evidences that in the period from 1980 to 2002, after some incidents, corporations involved in these incidents indicate a higher level of environmental disclosure in the year when the environmental incidents happened, which align with legitimacy theory. Furthermore, there were incongruence previous results of the relationships between environmental disclosure and firm size and industry characters. We aim to find that whether the corporation environmental disclosure is in a relation with firm size and industry characters or not. And we are to revisit the association between corporate environmental performance and environmental disclosure. This study took the quantitative method statistical technology was used for analysis. In order to get the answer for the research question, four hypotheses were set in this research. Finally, firm size and industry characters have no significant relationship with the level of environmental disclosure. The results indicate that the level of environmental information disclosure in annual reports of 2008 is higher than those of 2005. However, environmental events could not be deemed as a determinant of environmental disclosure, and the results partially support the legitimacy theory. The quality of environmental disclosure of 21 sample companies did not improve significantly in the year when the environmental events happened, but only the environmental disclosure sample companies with environmental events which happened in the year of 2008 improved significantly, compared with the previous year.

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22

Ullah, S., S. Ahmad, Saeed Akbar, D. Kodwani, and J. Frecknall-Hughes. "Governance disclosure quality and market valuation of firms in UK and Germany." Wiley, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17933.

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Yes
This study develops a 'comply or explain' index which captures compliance and quality of explanations given for non-compliance with the corporate governance codes in UK and Germany. In particular, we explain, how compliance and quality of explanations provided in non-compliance disclosures, and various other internal corporate governance mechanisms, affect the market valuation of firms in the two countries. A dynamic generalised method of moments (GMM) estimator is employed as the research technique for our analysis, which enabled us to control for the potential effects of endogeneity in our models. The findings of our content analysis suggest that firms exhibit significant differences in compliance, board independence and ownership structure in both countries. The 'comply or explain' index is positively associated with the market valuation of UK firms suggesting that compliance and quality governance disclosure is value relevant in the UK. Institutional blockholders' ownership is however, negatively associated with the market value of firms, which raises questions about the monitoring role of institutional shareholders in both countries. We argue that both compliance and explanations given for non-compliance are equally important, as long as valid reasons and justifications for non-compliance are provided by the reporting companies. These findings thus imply that the 'comply or explain' principle is working well and that UK and German companies could benefit from the flexibility offered by this principle. With respect to the role of board size, board independence, ownership structure, and institutional ownership of firms, this study offers policy implications.

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23

Hanafi, Rasha Abdalla. "An exploration of corporate social and environmental disclosure in Egypt and the UK : a comparative study." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2006. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1536/.

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24

Bani, Khalid Tareq. "An analysis of disclosure of social and environmental responsibility and stakeholders' perceptions : the case of Jordan." Thesis, Abertay University, 2015. https://rke.abertay.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/54b800a6-1ad1-44ce-9b99-a1430105893e.

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This PhD thesis is an exploratory study examining the practices of Corporate Social and Environmental Disclosure (CSED) in the annual reports of the manufacturing sector in Jordan over the period 2010-2012. The study is based mainly on empirical investigation of the level and patterns of CSED practices by 66 industrial companies listed in the Amman Stock Exchange (ASE). In addition, it focuses on analysing determinants of the practices of CSED by firms in the manufacturing sector. This study is concerned with the common area between functionalist and interpretive paradigms. Therefore, both quantitative and qualitative methods were employed as a mixed practical approach to collect, analyse and interpret the required data. Specifically, the disclosure index was selected as an appropriate approach to extract quantitative data regarding CSED practices. Additionally, semi-structured interviews were used as a qualitative method to explore the stakeholders' perceptions of the impact of local external factors on CSED practices. The Random-Effect Model was the most appropriate analysis technique to analyse possible relationships between internal factors and the level of CSED, and the stakeholders' views were evaluated through the use of open critical discussion to ascertain the effect of the local contextual factors on the practices of CSED. The results showed the existence of unsatisfactory levels in the practices of CSED during the survey period. Furthermore, the results of the random effect model indicated that the firm size, audit firm and type of financial market were all significant. However, this result of type of financial market coefficients indicated an inverse relationship in explaining the level of CSED practices. Moreover, stakeholders’ views regarding the effect of the external factors on CSED practices showed that the political system, legal system, cultural values and economic development are also significant factors in explaining CSED practices in the corporate annual reports.

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25

Hui, Wing-chi, and 許榮枝. "Corporate sustainability and environmental reporting in Hong Kong: current status and future prospects." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2004. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31255851.

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26

Wukich, Jacqueline Jarosz. "The Conflict Between Chief Executive Officer Power And Different Measures Of Environmental And Social Disclosure." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1613539052030591.

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27

Eakpisankit, Araya. "The quality of corporate environmental reporting (CER) : theory and practice." Thesis, University of Bath, 2012. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.558898.

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Due to the fact that corporate environmental reporting (CER) is largely voluntary and unregulated, practice has evolved in the absence of a meaningful conceptual framework. This lack of a normative theory stating what should be the content of CER as well as the methods for measuring reported information being largely volumetric or content based, is advanced as a major limitation in the existing literature. In this study, the wellestablished conceptual frameworks for financial reporting are adapted as the basis for a CER conceptual framework in which four characteristics of CER indicate its quality. Empirical methods for the measurement of such characteristics are also adapted from the financial reporting literature. The main aim of this research is to use the adapted framework to examine the extent of variation in the quality of CER and then to test its applicability to the key motivational theories. The empirical work involves a panel of US and UK firms over a two-year period. This allows cross-sectional comparison to be made between different financial accounting regimes (rules- vs. principles-based) as well as permits examination of the development of CER over time. Further, the empirical work is extended to investigate the interrelationship between the financial and environmental performance of a firm. Evidence in support of the legitimacy and institutional theory explanations for disclosure motivations is comprehensively found through the measures of the qualitative characteristics identified. That is, the use of a novel CER framework based on financial reporting quality here enables a more robust understanding of the reporting behaviours than previous work. Moreover, evidence for CER variation owing to the differences in financial reporting regimes is found and thus, it is reasonable to assert that the culture of financial reporting, to some extent, informs the nature of voluntary non-financial reporting. However, perhaps owing to the short time frame of the investigation, evidence of financial rewards from being environmentally effective or through providing CER is not found. The findings from this research will be of interest to preparers and users of corporate environmental reports as well as to policymakers, particularly in terms of enabling them to assess the quality of reporting and its level of fit with their expectations. Moreover, they also shed light on the link between environmental performance, as manifested in carbon emissions, and what is reported.

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28

Zhang, Junru. "Determinants of corporate environmental and social disclosure in Chinese listed mining, electricity supply and chemical companies annual reports." Thesis, Edith Cowan University, Research Online, Perth, Western Australia, 2013. https://ro.ecu.edu.au/theses/529.

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As the environmental and social disclosing systems have been developed over decades, the climate of corporate environmental and social responsibility is becoming mature nowadays globally. What and how environment-sensitive companies (i.e. companies that are more likely to do environmental damages) disclose such information voluntarily are extensively concerned by the public, especially in China, where strong debatable issues constantly raise as a result of the rapid economic growth. Corporate environmental and social responsibility is no longer an international obligation but a domestic demand for China. This study will enhance our understanding of a very important issue in arguably the world's most vibrant economy. The thesis has contributed the literature in a number of ways. First, this study aimed to measure the type and extent of both corporate environmental and social reporting across the Chinese environmental sensitive industries’ annual reports, which include mining, electricity supply, and chemical industries. A dichotomous method was employed and the Global Reporting Initiative third edition (G3) was selected as a benchmark. In addition, the characteristics of the companies that voluntarily disclose environmental and social information in their annual reports were to be examined under legitimacy theory. Seven hypotheses that developed seven predictor variables based on legitimacy theoretical framework with one of three industries examined each time. The variables were government ownership, management role, member of industrial association, profitability, operating leverage, company age, and firm size. Finally, results in differences across industries were to be discussed and compared. This study aimed to measure the type and extent of corporate environmental and social reporting across the Chinese mining, electricity supply, and chemical industries' annual reports, using the Global Reporting Initiative third edition (G3) as a benchmark. In addition, the characteristics of companies that voluntarily disclose environmental and social information in their annual reports were to be examined under legitimacy theory. There are seven hypotheses that developed seven predictor variables based on legitimacy theoretical framework with one of three industries examined each time. The variables were government ownership, management role, member of industrial association, profitability, operating leverage, company age, and firm size. Finally, results in differences across industries were to be discussed and compared. There were a total of 193 sample companies selected from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange database, and content analysis was applied to review and examine their annual reports in 2010. The G3 guidelines were used to indicate the extent of environmental and social performances by the sample companies. Companies’ specific characters for the predictor variables were also obtained from the Shenzhen Stock Exchange database. In order to accomplish the first aim of the study, descriptive statistics were used to determine the type and extent of environmental and social disclosures in the sample industries' 2010 annual reports. In addition, to accomplish the second aim, which is to examine the determinants of corporate environmental and social disclosure under legitimacy theory, univariate statistics and multiple regressions analysis were adopted. The comparisons across the sample industries were conducted after the regression analysis. Research findings from environmental disclosure analysis showed that although mining industry disclosed slightly more information than electricity supply industry, the extent of environmental reporting for all three industries were typically low because information disclosed was limited to several categories. It was found that Chinese mining, electricity supply, and chemical industries are more likely to disclose information regarding energy and materials, which were the most concerned aspects in the Chinese society. Environmental disclosure regression analysis indicated that most of the predictor variables from legitimacy theory are able to explain the extent of environmental reporting in the sample industries. The results indicated that member of industrial association, company age, company size and profitability were significant to the extent environmental reporting across the three sample industries. However, government ownership was found to be insignificant in the study. Results from social disclosure analysis indicated that electricity supply industries disclosed slightly more information than mining and chemical companies in their 2010 annual reports. Interestingly, all of the sample companies disclosed at least one item from the G3 social guidelines; however, the information disclosed was narrow in only a few categories, and the extent of social disclosure in the sample industries was typically low. The disclosure analysis found that Chinese mining, electricity supply, and chemical industries were more likely to disclose labour practices and decent work, and human rights information. The regression analysis showed that company size, profitability, leverage and management role have become the most significant factors, whereas member of industrial association was found to be insignificant in the sample industries. This study concludes that on the basis of legitimacy theory, the amount of environmental and social information disclosed in the Chinese mining, electricity supply, and chemical industries’ annual reports was almost the same, and the firm specific predictor variables have similar influences across industries both environmentally and socially.

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29

Tuck-Riggs, Carol Anne. "Financial Statement Disclosure of Carbon Footprint Costs in the Airline Industry." ScholarWorks, 2015. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/245.

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Unaccountable corporate polluters profit short term at the expense of global economic sustainability. The purpose of the study was to determine if carbon dioxide (CO2) penalties on the airline emissions would result in financial statement disclosure and emission mitigation. Contributing to environmental accounting, the study was based in corporate social responsibility with a conceptual framework based on economically-centered CO2 studies. A random sample of 69 global airlines, taken from the International Air Transport Association (IATA) and the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) memberships, was stratified between EU bound and non-EU bound airlines. The research questions explored (a) the frequency mean differences in disclosed CO2 costs between the strata based upon the European Union's environmental trading scheme (EU-ETS) and (b) whether international financial reporting standards (IFRS) influenced the financial statement reporting of CO2 emissions costs. Financial statement data were analyzed in a 3-year longitudinal, ex-post, quasi-experimental, repeated measures factorial ANOVA and ANCOVA, pretest-posttest control group design. The results showed significant CO2 disclosure differences between the experimental (EU bound) airlines and control group (non-EU) airlines and for those airlines with IFRS prepared statements. These results should convince accounting practitioners that the quantification and reporting of greenhouse gas pollution can become the catalyst for improved operations and commercial sustainability. Positive social change to mitigate anthropogenic pollution should result and should promote normative accounting practice to hold those responsible to a higher global accountability.

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30

Ohlhoff, Johannes Hendrik Snyman. "A survey of disclosure of compliance with King II by top listed South African companies : an investigative study of the companies listed on the FTSE/JSE top 40 index." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/838.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2008.
ENGLISH SUMMARY: During the period of change in South Africa in the year of the first democratic elections, 1994, the first King Report on Corporate Governance appeared. For the first time in South Africa, companies had a good reference for corporate practice and conduct. A second King report, commonly referred to as King II, appeared in March 2002 and expanded on the earlier Code to produce, what was considered at the time to be, a world-class code of corporate governance. In addition to the acceptance and incorporation of King II into corporate governance practice, the JSE included compliance with the King Code as part of its listing requirements. The code itself is not an enforceable set of rules, but rather guidelines to assist companies in implementing principles of good governance. In similar vein, the JSE has given companies the flexibility to justify non-compliance. This underscores the socalled comply or explain philosophy to which corporate governance in South Africa subscribes. Studies have found the level of corporate governance in South Africa to be high, especially for an emerging market. Compliance with corporate governance principles and transparency go hand in hand. In a comply or explain regime, where the regulation is considered to be done by the market, disclosure of compliance is especially important. The goal of this research project was to conduct a survey of the top listed South African companies to ascertain what the level of disclosure of corporate governance was, with specific reference to the recommendations contained in the King Code. For the purposes of this study, the top companies were defined as the FTSE/JSE Top 40 Index companies. The supposition was that most companies, having been confronted with the King Code for almost six years, would be compliant to a large degree and will disclose their compliance. This was expected to be more evident amongst top companies who have the resources and influence to effect changes sooner and take the lead on high profile issues. The study confirmed the supposition that companies, at least in the sample, were highly compliant. There were however some areas where improvements can be made to be more in line with global best practices.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Gedurende die periode van vernuwing in Suid-Afrika en die jaar van die eerste demokratiese verkiesing, 1994, het die eerste King verslag op korporatiewe bestuur verskyn. Vir die eerste keer het maatskappye in Suid-Afrika ‘n goeie verwysing gehad in die bepaling van hul korporatiewe bestuurspraktyke en gedrag. ‘n Tweede King verslag, alombekend as King II, het in Maart 2002 verskyn en op die eerste verslag uitgebou om ‘n kode te voorskyn te bring wat ten tyde van publisering as wêreldklas bestempel is. Bo en behalwe die aanvaarding en toepassing van King II in die korporatiewe bestuurspraktyk, het die JSE ook nakoming van die Kode as deel van die noterings vereistes ingesluit. Die King Kode opsigself is nie ‘n afdwingbare stel reëls nie, maar eerder riglyne wat maatskappy bystaan in die implementering van beginsels van goeie bestuur. In ‘n soortgelyke manier gee die JSE ook aan maatskappye die buigsaamheid om gevalle van nie-nakoming te regverdig en verdedig. Dit onderskryf die sogenaamde voldoen of verduidelik filosofie wat korporatiewe bestuur in Suid Afrika aan gehoor gee. Studies het gevind dat die vlak van korporatiewe bestuursgedrag in Suid-Afrika hoog is, veral vir ‘n ontluikende mark. Nakoming met korporatiewe bestuurgedragskodes en deursigtigheid gaan hand aan hand. In ‘n voldoen of verduidelik regime, waar die mark geag word om te reguleer, is openbaarmaking van korporatiewe bestuursgedrag van kardinale belang. Die doel van hierdie navorsingsprojek was om ‘n peiling te maak van die voorste Suid-Afrikaanse maatskappye om te bepaal wat die vlak van openbaarmaking in terme van korporatiewe bestuursgedrag was, met spesifieke verwysing na die King Kode. Vir die doeleindes van die studie is die voorste maatskappye gedefiniëer as die FTSE/JSE Top 40 Indeks. Die veronderstelling was dat meeste maatskappye, gegewe die feit dat die Kode al ses jaar in omgang is, tot ‘n groot mate aan die Kode sal voldoen en inligting rakende die voldoening openbaar maak. Dit is ook verwag dat dit veral die geval onder die voorste maatskappye sou wees aangesien hulle oor die hulpbronne en invloed beskik om veranderinge vroeër teweeg te bring en leierskap te neem met hoë profiel kwesssies. Die studie het die veronderstelling korrek bewys dat maatskappye, ten minste in die geval van die ingeslote groep, ‘n hoë vlak van voldoening en openbaarmaking ten toon stel. Daar is egter nogtans areas waar verbeterings gedoen kan word om meer in lyn met internasionale beste praktyke te kom.

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31

Nordlander, Anna, and Jelena Tararyko. "Waste Management - CSR Engagement within the Construction Industry in Sweden." Thesis, Högskolan i Jönköping, Internationella Handelshögskolan, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-15627.

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Introduction: Over the last few decades there has been a great increase in the attention to Corporate Social Responsibility. Organizations that up until recently have had profit maximization and shareholder value as their only concerns have found themselves in a position where stakeholder demands have created pressure to produce and act on sustainability agendas. Concepts like intergenerational equity, wealth distribution, equality and macroeconomic stability became a part of everyday business language and these days the majority of firms communicate a variety of CSR related issues through annual or separate sustainability reports. Up until recently the construction industry has managed to avoid such demands, however lately, the pressure from various stakeholders such as society, activist groups, governments and external competition, has put the industry among the more environmentally sensitive sectors. Although industry wide CSR involvement has increased within environmental construction management, much is still left to be done. Problem: One area which has received little attention is recycling after demolition. Most companies focus on making new building projects as environmentally friendly as possible, however hardly any attention is geared towards what happens to old buildings being torn down and the lifecycle of the old material. Although construction companies have the legal obligation to recycle hazardous material, much can be improved within the other areas especially regarding the reusing of materials from the demolishing sites which means both environmental and economical aspects are so far being overlooked. Purpose: The authors aim to examine the complexities and challenges facing the construction industry in environmental management of demolition projects, and more specifically the effect this has on the recycling and reusing of materials. Methodology: In order to research the waste management practices on demolition sites the research employs interview studies conducted through qualitative mostly face-to-face and a few telephone interviews. Complementary cases were selected within different categories of the construction industry sectors related to demolition projects: client, construction, demolition and waste management companies’ employees were interviewed. Conclusion: The results show that companies within the construction industry realize the potential negative effects their line of business has on the environment. Sustainability agendas in all cases focus extensively on environmental management, which includes proper disposal of demolition waste. The main benefits for recycling and reusing (in some cases reselling) the material were financial incentives and generated competitive advantage, which resulted in better competitiveness concerning procurement. The main challenges identified are time and monetary constraints. Lack of regulation, common standard that would enable firms to compete equally, and lack of common effort and cooperation towards more efficient waste management practices on demolition sites were identified as main hindering factors for industry wide improvement.

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32

Whitelock, Vincent George Ph D. "Relationship between Environmental Social Governance (ESG) Management and Performance – The Role of Collaboration in the Supply Chain." University of Toledo / OhioLINK, 2015. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=toledo1450087632.

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33

Vásquez, Paniagua José Alfredo, and Isaza Diana Patricia Gonzales. "Metodología para implementar un modelo de responsabilidad social empresarial (RSE) en la industria de la curtiembre en Colombia." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2012. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114894.

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Tannery industry is a big water resources pollutant in Colombia. By this, a bigger environmental responsibility has onwaters resources pollution in the country. This paper presents a methodological proposal to implement a CorporateSocial Responsibility methodology for Colombian Tannery Industry. In this case, Donna Wood’s theory, environmentalimpact, economic valuation of environmental quality, and citizen participation are used.
La preocupación por el deterioro del medio ambiente es uno de los elementos implícitos en la responsabilidad socialempresarial. La industria de la curtiembre en Colombia tiene una responsabilidad importante en la calidad ambientaldel país, puesto que es una de las mayores generadoras de contaminación del medio ambiente y, en particular, de losrecursos hídricos. Este artículo presenta una propuesta metodológica para la implementación de un modelo de responsabilidadsocial para el sector de la curtiembre en Colombia. Para ello, considera como base el modelo teórico deresponsabilidad social de Donna Wood, la evaluación de impacto ambiental, la normatividad ambiental colombiana, lavaloración económica del deterioro ambiental y la participación ciudadana.

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Eriksson, Linnéa, and Therese Svensk. "Relationen mellan mångfald, miljörapportering och medieexponering." Thesis, Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för ekonomivetenskap och juridik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-27358.

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Globalt pågår debatter kring mångfald inom ledningsgrupper. Forskare på området är hittills inte överens om de effekter som mångfald inom affärsvärlden medför, ändå finns starka åsikter kring hur en ledningsgrupp bör utformas utifrån kön, ålder, utbildning och etnicitet. Spekulation avseende mångfalds betydelse för hållbar utveckling förekommer och i takt med ökade krav på hållbarhetsrapportering växer intresset för faktorer som kan främja denna form av rapportering. I dagsläget saknas tvingande standarder för hållbarhetsrapportering, men den miljömässiga delen inom hållbarhetsrapportering, som i studien betecknas CED-rapportering,är offentlig information och uppmärksammas i media. Media, som dels bildar normer, dels avspeglar allmänhetens förväntningar, har makten att påverka ett företags rykte. Relationen mellan mångfald i bolagsstyrelse, CED-rapportering och medieexponering är således ett aktuellt område värt att fördjupa sig i. Det huvudsakliga syftet med studien var att beskriva och analysera om mångfald i bolagsstyrelse påverkar CED-rapportering och om rapporteringen i sin tur inverkar på den grad av exponering som multinationella företag ges i media. Urvalsramen utgjordes av multinationella företag från GRI:s databas. Av 447 företag uppfyllde 202 studiens krav. Strukturella ekvationsmodeller visar att mångfald i bolagsstyrelse inte påverkar CEDrapportering. Rapporteringen påverkar däremot företags exponering i media. Företags storlek och georgrafiska placering har en inverkan på mångfald, CED-rapportering och medieexponering.
Debates about diversity among board directors are in progress globally. Scientists are in disagreement about the impacts of diversity in the business world. Yet there are strong opinions about a group’s formation on the distribution of gender, age, education and ethnicity. There are speculations of a possible relationship between diversity and sustainability reporting. The growing demands of such reporting increases the interest to determine which factors promote sustainability reporting. This study intends to explore theCorporate Environmental Disclosure (CED) of sustainability reporting. Currently there are no mandatory standard for sustainability reporting, such information is public though and exposures in media. Media compares the reports to public expectations and has the power to affect a company’s reputation. The relationship between board diversity, environmentalreporting and media exposure is hence an area worth exploring.The main intent of this study was to describe and analyse whether board diversity affects CED. Further the intent was to explore whether CED affects media exposure. The sampling for the study consisted of multinational companies. Of 447 examined, 202 formed the basis. The results of the study established by structural equation modeling, stated that board diversity is not associated with CED. Yet the study indicates that CED affects media exposure. External variables that were found to have effect on board diversity, CED or media exposure were firm size and geographical

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Jerome, Tiphaine. "Stratégie(s) de diffusion volontaire d’informations sur les gaz à effet de serre : Le cas du Carbon Disclosure Project." Thesis, Jouy-en Josas, HEC, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013EHEC0010/document.

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Le réchauffement climatique représente un enjeu prégnant auquel les entreprises répondent, entre autres, par la diffusion volontaire d’informations sur leurs émissions de gaz à effet de serre (GES). Trois études empiriques, traitant pour chacune d’elle une dimension de la stratégie mise en place par les firmes à cet égard, sont menées. Elles sont toutes trois réalisées à partir du programme Carbon Disclosure Project. La première étude identifie deux étapes séquentielles conduisant à la diffusion d’informations sur les GES : la production puis la diffusion sélective. À partir d’un échantillon mondial, une analyse coûts-bénéfices identifie les différents déterminants de ces deux décisions et invite à considérer de manière plus fine le processus de diffusion volontaire. La deuxième étude examine l’influence de la gouvernance interne sur la qualité des informations carbones diffusées, en distinguant la gouvernance spécifiquement dédiée à l’environnement de la gouvernance générale. Les analyses mettent en évidence, dans le contexte américain, le rôle contingent de la gouvernance spécifique puisque son rôle ‒ positif ‒ est modéré par la gouvernance générale dans laquelle elle s’insère. La troisième étude s’intéresse finalement à l’utilisation concomitante de deux canaux de diffusion. Il s’avère qu’une partie des entreprises françaises étudiées adapte les indicateurs diffusés sur les GES au canal et à l’audience ciblée. Afin d’assurer la crédibilité des données, la traçabilité de l’information est par ailleurs renforcée. L’ensemble de ces résultats contribue à la compréhension de la façon dont les besoins des parties prenantes sont gérés par les entreprises. Notre connaissance de l’environnement informationnel créé par ces dernières autour du changement climatique s’en trouve ainsi améliorée
Global warming is nowadays a significant issue. Firms respond to this challenge by, among others, voluntarily disclosing information about their greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Three empirical studies, each dealing with one dimension of the disclosure strategy, are conducted. They are all based on the Carbon Disclosure Project program. The first study identifies two sequential steps leading to information disclosure: information production and selective disclosure. A costs-benefits analysis is performed on a global sample in order to identify the different determinants of the two decisions and calls for a finer consideration of the disclosure process. The second study examines the influence of internal corporate governance on the quality of carbon information disclosed. Environmental-specific governance is distinguished from general governance. In the American context, analyses show that the role of the environmental-specific governance is contingent: its positive influence is moderated by the general governance context. The third study focuses on the concurrent use of two disclosure channels. It appears that French firms adapt the content of their GHG emissions indicator to the channel and the target audience. To ensure data credibility, information traceability is sustained in this case.Overall, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of the way stakeholders’ needs are managed by companies. Our knowledge of the informational environment created by firms about global warming is thus improved

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Lima, Pinel Maria de Fátima de, José Paulo Cosenza, and Macarulla Fernando Llena. "La auditoría social como mecanismo de control de la responsabilidad social de las empresas: la metodología de Theodore J. Kreps." Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2015. http://repositorio.pucp.edu.pe/index/handle/123456789/114883.

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The objective of this paper is to develop an analysis that shows the divergent perspectives arising from the differences between the treatment established under the concept of Social Responsibility and the concept of Social Audit in the measurement, recognition and disclosure of social and environmental elements in business practices.Thus, the main differences that arise from the application of both approaches, noting the need for the firm should report on their social responsibility in such a way that is broader and more transparent to the society where they operateand interact in financial, social and environmental terms.Hence, this article reviews the work of Kreps to be a comprehensive overview of the usefulness of their methodology asa control mechanism of social responsibility of companies.For this purpose, this paper shows the study of Theodore J. Kreps that was the first academic research that applied the social audit methodology. Hence, this article develops a review of the Kreps’ research was developed to be a comprehen- sive overview of the usefulness of his approach as a mechanism for control of firm’s Social Responsibility.The results show that the contribution of Kreps is to propose a methodology that represents a structured communica- tion process by independent agents that are outside the area of influence of business. This means a contribution to the literature because the model proposed by Kreps, unlike traditional Social Responsibility reports (made internal from the inner sphere of companies), is developing from the external environment, promoting collaboration with other firmsand economic agents sharing resources and thus providing social benefits for the entire community.
Este trabajo de investigación tiene como objetivo principal realizar un análisis que muestre las divergentes perspectivas originadas por las diferencias existentes entre el tratamiento establecido bajo el concepto de responsabilidad social y el concepto de auditoría social en la medición, reconocimiento y publicación de los elementos sociales y medioambientales en las prácticas empresariales.De este modo, se identificarán las principales diferencias que se originan de la aplicación de ambos abordajes, señalando la necesidad de la empresa de informar sobre su responsabilidad social de forma más amplia y transparente para la socie- dad donde actúa e interacciona, en términos financieros, sociales y medioambientales.Para tal efecto, vamos a efectuar un análisis del estudio desarrollado por Theodore J. Kreps, que fue la primera investigación académica donde se aplicó efectivamente una metodología de auditoría social. De ahí que el presente artículo realiza una revisión del trabajo de Kreps para tenerse una visión integral de la utilidad de su metodología como un mecanismo de control de la responsabilidad social de las empresas.Los resultados muestran que la contribución de Kreps se hace por proponer una metodología que representa un proceso de informe estructurado por agentes independientes que están fuera del área de influencia de las empresas. Esto signi- fica un aporte a la literatura porque el modelo propuesto por Kreps, diferentemente de los tradicionales informes de responsabilidad social (elaborados desde el ámbito interno de las empresas), se desarrolla a partir del entorno externo, promoviendo interrelaciones con otras empresas y agentes que comparten recursos y ofrecen beneficios sociales paratoda la comunidad.
Este artigo tem como principal objetivo efetuar uma análise que evidencia as perspectivas divergentes decorrentes dasdiferenças entre o tratamento instituído no âmbito do conceito de Responsabilidade Social e o conceito de Auditoria Social na mensuração, reconhecimento e divulgação dos aspectos sociais e ambientais nas atividades empresariais.Neste sentido, serão identificadas as principais diferenças que surgem a partir da aplicação de ambas as abordagens, apontando para a necessidade de a empresa informar sobre a sua responsabilidade social, em termos financeiros, social e ambiental, de forma mais ampla e transparente para a sociedade onde desenvolve suas atividades.Nessa perspectiva, realizaremos uma análise do estudo de Theodore J. Kreps, que foi a primeira pesquisa acadêmica onde, efetivamente, foi aplicada uma metodologia de auditoria social. Assim, este artigo apresenta uma revisão da obra de Kreps, visando obter uma abordagem abrangente sobre a utilidade de sua metodologia como mecanismo de controle da responsabilidade social das empresas.Os resultados mostram que a contribuição de Kreps residiu em propor uma metodologia que representa um processo de comunicação estruturado por agentes independentes, fora da área de influência das empresas.Isto significa uma contribuição para a literatura, pois o modelo proposto por Kreps, ao contrário dos tradicionais rela- tórios de responsabilidade social (elaborados no contexto interno das empresas), é desenvolvido a partir do ambiente externo, promovendo relações com outras empresas e agentes que compartilham recursos e propiciam benefícios sociaispara a comunidade como um todo.

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Westerlund, Daniela. "The Adherence Level of Sustainability Disclosures and Firm Value : Empirical Study on the Impact of GRI Report’s Adherence Level in regard to Firm Value in the Manufacturing Industry in Europe." Thesis, Jönköping University, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-52693.

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Background: Sustainability reporting has become increasingly important for firms that want to appease their stakeholders and the society, whilst possibly increasing the corporate financial performance (CFP) of the firm. This is because sustainability disclosures currently work as the main channel for firms to inform their stakeholders of the CSR practices and environmental management carried out by the company. However, there have been various previous studies that examine the relation between corporate social performance (CSP) or the reported CSP, and CFP but not a study that would focus on GRI’s adherence level and its effect on Firm value (FV). The adherence level in the context of a GRI Report refers to the extent to which the GRI Sustainability Reporting Framework and GRI Standards have been applied to a company’s sustainability report (Global Reporting Initiative, n.d.). This study intends to examine if stakeholders can be affected by a sustainability report’s adherence ranking made by GRI, although there necessarily would not be a clear connection to a company’s actual environmental performance. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to find out if the adherence level affects a firm’s value and how, although this classification of reports would not say anything about a company’s level of sustainability or a company’s sustainability performance. In short, the study wants to examine if stakeholders or the society surrounding a company are affected by the adherence level of a company’s GRI reporting and if this then can affect the value of the organization in any way. Aim: The aim of this research is to encourage organizations to become more transparent or elaborate regarding their sustainability practices if any significance between the adherence level and the FV can be found. Method: This study was conducted by examining 98 European manufacturing firms’ GRI adherence levels for the years 2017 to 2019 and comparing them to respective Firm Values (Tobin’s Q) by the usage of panel data regression analysis. Conclusion: The results show that no significant relationship between the GRI adherence level and FV can be found in the European manufacturing industry for the period 2017 to 2019.

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Teixeira, Sarah Chinarelli. "A relação entre a adoção de práticas recomendadas de governança corporativa e o nível de evidenciação." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/12/12136/tde-27082010-105149/.

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O Conselho de Administração (CA) é foco de diversas pesquisas por ser considerado o principal mecanismo de governança corporativa. Inserido na linha de pesquisa que investiga o impacto da estrutura do CA sobre as decisões corporativas, esta pesquisa tem o intuito de verificar a relação entre o alinhamento às práticas recomendadas de governança relativas ao CA e o nível de evidenciação das empresas. Especificamente, avalia-se a relação de complementaridade ou substituição entre as práticas de governança e o nível de evidenciação. Adicionalmente, investiga-se a relação entre a presença do profissional da área contábil nos conselhos e o nível de evidenciação das empresas. Optou-se pela elaboração de índices para mensurar o alinhamento às práticas de governança. O índice construído é composto por subíndices referentes à independência, disponibilidade de tempo, diversidade e comitês. Para a variável dependente, foi elaborado um índice de evidenciação com base na divulgação de políticas sobre gerenciamento de risco, gastos com auditoria, operações com partes relacionadas, código de ética e remuneração dos administradores. Foram realizadas análises exploratórias por meio de diferenças de médias entre determinados grupos de empresas, e análise de dados em painel a fim de verificar a consistência das relações entre o alinhamento às práticas de governança e o nível de evidenciação. Os resultados exploratórios evidenciam que tanto a média do índice de alinhamento às práticas de governança do CA quanto o índice de evidenciação ficaram abaixo da metade da pontuação máxima, 16 e 6 pontos, respectivamente. Constata-se que muitas recomendações em relação à independência, disponibilidade de tempo, diversidade e comitês ainda não foram adotadas pelas empresas, havendo ainda muito a ser aprimorado. Em relação à participação do profissional da área contábil, destaca-se que empresas com conselheiros ou membros externos com formação em contabilidade na composição do Comitê de Auditoria apresentam média estatisticamente superior em relação ao índice de evidenciação se comparada às empresas que não têm profissionais com essa formação na composição deste Comitê. Os resultados da análise de dados em painel não confirmam a hipótese desta pesquisa em relação à complementaridade entre a adoção de práticas recomendadas de governança corporativa e o nível de evidenciação. Porém confirmam a complementaridade entre o nível de evidenciação e as variáveis relacionadas à negociação no Novo Mercado e na Bolsa de Nova Iorque (empresas com emissão de ADRs), provavelmente este fato pode sugerir o esforço dos administradores em evidenciar informações devido ao fortalecimento do papel de monitoramento dos conselhos das empresas com estas características. Os progressos nas melhorias das práticas de governança corporativa no Brasil dependem de maior ação dos agentes de mercado e as evidências desta pesquisa indicam alguns pontos para melhoria e aprofundamento de pesquisas acadêmicas tanto na adoção de práticas de governança quanto no nível de transparência de informações.
The Board of Directors (BoD) is the focus of several researches as it is considered the main corporate governance mechanism. Following the research line that investigates the impact of BoD structure on corporate decisions, this research aims to investigate the relationship between the alignment of recommended governance practices related to the BoD and the disclosure level of companies. Specifically, it evaluates the complementary or substitute relationship between governance practices and disclosure level. Additionally, it investigates the relationship between the presence of accounting professional in the BoD and the disclosure level of companies. An index has been elaborated to measure the alignment to corporate governance practices. The index has been built comprising sub indexes relating to independence, time availability, diversity and committees. For the dependent variable, a disclosure index has been elaborated based on disclosure of policies on risk management, audit expenditures, related party transactions, ethics code and administrators\' remuneration. Exploratory analyses were performed by differences between average of certain companies groups and panel data analysis to verify the consistency of the relationship between governance practices alignment and disclosure level. The exploratory results presented that both means of alignment to governance practices of BoD index and disclosure index were below half the maximum score, 16 and 6 points respectively. It appears that many recommendations in relation to independence, time availability, diversity and committees have not yet been adopted by companies and there is still much to be improved. Regarding the accounting professionals participation in BoD, the relevant results presented that companies that have directors or external advisors with accounting background in the composition of the Audit Committee have statistically higher average of disclosure index compared to companies that do not have accounting professionals in the composition of this Committee. The panel data analysis results haven\'t confirmed the research hypothesis that there is a complementary relationship between the adoption of recommended governance practices and disclosure level. However confirm the complementarity between the level of disclosure and the variables related to trading on Novo Mercado and New York Stock Exchange (companies issuing ADRs), probably this may suggest this relation follows the administrators\' efforts to disclose information due to the strengthening of boards monitoring role. Progress in the improvement of corporate governance practices in Brazil depends on greater action of market agents, the evidences of this research indicate some points for improvement and further academic research development in both adoption of governance practices and on transparency information level.

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Zramdini, Olfa. "Étude des déterminants de la communication environnementale des entreprises : cas de la Tunisie et du Maroc." Thesis, Besançon, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BESA0004.

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L'objectif de cette recherche est d'évaluer la communication environnementale (CE) des entreprises tunisiennes et marocaines et de déterminer les facteurs susceptibles de la favoriser ou de la contraindre. En se basant sur la théorie des parties prenantes, nous empruntons le modèle conceptuel d'Ullmann (1985) pour tester l'effet du pouvoir des parties prenantes, de la culture d'entreprise, de la situation économique et financière de l'organisation sur l'étendue de la CE. L'échantillon de l'étude est composé de 18 entreprises tunisiennes et de 20 entreprises marocaines cotées respectivement sur les bourses de Tunis et de Casablanca. L'évaluation de l'étendue de la CE est faite sur la base des rapports annuels collectés sur la période allant de 2000 à 2007. Les résultats de l'analyse quantitative montrent que la CE est principalement orientée vers les actionnaires et les investisseurs. En outre, l'influence de la culture d'entreprise, de la situation économique et financière de l'entreprise, du secteur d'activité, de la taille ainsi que du pays d'origine est confirmée. Dans le but d'approfondir ces résultats, une analyse qualitative est conduite sur 10 cas d'entreprises retenus de l'échantillon initial. Les résultats révèlent que le niveau d'internationalisation de l'activité de l'entreprise, son appartenance à une multinationale réputée par son engagement dans le développement durable, la taille de l'auditeur ainsi que la composition du Conseil d'Administration expliquent l'étendue de la CE des entreprises tunisiennes et marocaines
The purpose of this research is to assess the corporate environmental reporting (CER) of Tunisian and Moroccan companies and to determine the factors likely to support it or constrain it. Relying on the stakeholder theory, we use the conceptual model of Ullmann (1985) to test the effect of the stakeholder power, corporate culture and the economic and financial performances on the extent of the CER. The sample comprises 18 Tunisian and 20 Moroccan companies listed respectively on Tunisian and Moroccan stock exchanges markets. The evaluation of the extent of CER is made on the basis of annual reports collected over the period from 2000 to 2007. The results of the quantitative analysis show that CER is made mainly to shareholders and investors. The influence of corporate culture, economic and financial performances, company's industry, size and country's origin is confirmed. Furthermore, a qualitative analysis is conducted on 10 companies selected from the initial sample. The results reveal that the company's level of internationalization, being a subsidiary of multinational renowned for its commitment to sustainable development, the size of the auditor and the composition of the Board explain the extent of the CER of Tunisian and Moroccan companies

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Dias, Edson Aparecido. "Índice de sustentabilidade empresarial e retorno ao acionista: um estudo de evento." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2008. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/691.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-15T19:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Edson Aparecido Dias.pdf: 907626 bytes, checksum: e4d9757a83fb8593062c00e7b381b5ee (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-02-14
Fundo Mackenzie de Pesquisa
There has been a lot of debate about Sustainability into the organizations recently. Some theorists state the organization should consider in their strategies elements that include the interest of the different stakeholders. This theoretical chain considers that economics, social and environmental systems are integrated, and so the organizations can t implement strategies which consider just one dimension. Other chain affirms the organizations should maximize the long term value and concentrate their efforts and investments on production and competitiveness, so they need to focus in only one objective, which is the long term value maximization of the firm, in this way, according this theory social welfare will be also maximized. In this complex context, sustainability indexes were created worldwide. These indexes in general, evaluate several dimensions and relations between the organization and society, environment and equity holders. In Brazil, was created in 2005 the sustainability index, ISE. Annually the BOVESPA announces to the market the new ISE Group, in which is included the companies that submit voluntarily, the answers to a wide survey about their sustainability practices. The inclusion on such group indicates the companies were evaluated according the rules of BOVESPA s sustainability rules. There are several discussions, if the organizations that make part of ISE group or similar, can capture abnormal returns to their shareholders, and if investments done in sustainability receive special attention by capital markets. This study investigates, using the event study methodology, if the announcement of being part of ISE group, creates value to shareholders. As event period was defined -15 to 120 days from announcement date, and in this period were created several event windows. In this research, the methodology is applied in two different ways: first; comparing the ISE group companies with a traditional Brazilian market index, the Ibovespa; second is the comparison with companies that have most part of their revenues from activities and products categorized in the same sector class (according BOVESPA) as the ISE ones, called in this study as control group. The results indicate the companies included in the ISE group do not capture Cumulated Abnormal Returns (CAR), when compared with the index market, in any event window. Anyhow, there were not found results that infer about lost of value, due the ISE announcement to the firm. By the other way, the results indicated that ISE companies can capture cumulated abnormal returns with statistically significant levels, when compared with the control group, in windows close to the announcement day. These results could be used to support manager s processes of decision, for establishing policies regarding sustainability of organizations.
O tema Sustentabilidade nas organizações tem sido bastante debatido, recentemente. Algumas correntes teóricas afirmam que, para garantir a perenidade, as organizações devem inserir na sua estratégia elementos que considerem o perfeito equilíbrio nas relações com diversos grupos de interesse. Esta linha teórica descreve que, os sistemas econômicos, sociais e ambientais estão integrados, e, portanto, as organizações não podem implementar estratégias que contemplem somente uma das dimensões. Outras correntes afirmam que, as organizações devem criar valor no longo prazo e concentrar seus esforços e investimentos na produção e na busca da competitividade e, para tanto, enfocando em um único objetivo: a maximização de valor da organização no longo prazo e, desta forma, haverá, conseqüentemente, ganhos e bem estar para toda sociedade. Neste contexto complexo, Índices de Sustentabilidade foram criados em escala global. Estes índices, em geral, avaliam várias dimensões das relações da organização com a sociedade, meio ambiente e com os provedores de capital para a empresa. No Brasil, especificamente no ano de 2005, foi criado o Índice de Sustentabilidade Empresarial (ISE). Anualmente, a BOVESPA anuncia ao mercado a nova carteira do ISE, na qual constam empresas que respondem, voluntariamente, um questionário amplo sobre as suas práticas de Sustentabilidade. A participação na carteira indica que estas empresas foram avaliadas de acordo com os critérios de Sustentabilidade da Bolsa. Existe muita discussão se as organizações que fazem parte deste indicador ou de indicadores similares trazem retornos anormais aos acionistas, e se, investimentos em práticas de sustentabilidade são bem vistos pelo mercado de capitais. O presente trabalho investigou, por meio da metodologia de estudo de evento, se a entrada de uma empresa na carteira do ISE, traz valor ao acionista. Foi estabelecido um período de evento de -15 até 120 dias do dia do anúncio e criado, dentro deste período, diversas janelas de evento. Nesta pesquisa, a metodologia foi aplicada de duas formas distintas: a primeira, por meio da comparação das empresas do ISE com um índice de bastante tradição no mercado de capitais brasileiro, o Ibovespa; e a segunda, fazendo-se a comparação com empresas que tem suas atividades principais dentro da mesma classificação setorial (de acordo com a BOVESPA) das empresas pertencentes à carteira do ISE, e que são chamadas, neste trabalho, de Grupo de Controle. Com relação aos resultados encontrados, quando comparadas com o índice de mercado as empresas participantes da carteira do ISE não demonstram retornos anormais acumulados positivos e, estatisticamente significantes, em nenhuma das janelas de evento do estudo. De qualquer forma, não foram encontrados, também, resultados robustos que levem a inferência de destruição de valor devido ao anúncio de entrada da empresa na carteira. Por outro lado, os resultados com Grupo de Controle indicam que, empresas que foram anunciadas como participantes do ISE, conseguem obter retornos anormais acumulados, estatisticamente significantes, em janelas próximas a data de anúncio. Sendo assim, estes resultados podem servir de apoio para os processos de tomada de decisão dos gestores das companhias, no estabelecimento de políticas relacionadas às práticas de Sustentabilidade nas organizações.

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Mova, Al'Afghani Mohamad. "The role of legal frameworks in enabling transparency in water utilities' regulation." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2012. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/e7d76ec4-3479-4d12-8fce-9a9f01ca442b.

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This thesis evaluates transparency in the context of water utilities’ regulation by comparing legal frameworks in three jurisdictions: Victoria (Australia), England (United Kingdom) and Jakarta (Indonesia). Each of these jurisdictions is selected because of their particular ownership and regulatory model. The thesis analyses whether specific ownership or regulatory models will have implications for transparency. The terms “transparency” and “water utilities’ regulation” are first defined and form the thesis’ analytical framework. This is then applied against the three jurisdictions compared. By evaluating each of the three jurisdictions, the thesis expects to provide explanation on how transparency is enabled or inhibited by the legal frameworks. The thesis recommends a solution by comparing the three jurisdictions and generating “lessons learned”.

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42

El, hajjari Borg Mounia, and Elin Sundberg. "Licence to Talk : Sustainability Managers and their Managerial Realities within the Corporate Sustainability Paradox." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Företagsekonomiska institutionen, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-448552.

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While sustainability-dedicated managers and related titles represent a profession that has hardly existed for more than a decade, it is not surprising that the field of research concentrating on these professionals is in itself relatively new. With an increasing demand for corporations to take their social and environmental responsibility, and a corporate sustainability characterized by tension and paradox, we found it of importance to explore the role and entanglements of these professionals. By analysing 17 in-depth interviews with sustainability-dedicated professionals from the private sector in Sweden, our interpretation is that sustainability managers hold the function of selling sustainability, with talk as their main weapon. Expressly, in the intersection between business-case logics and sustainability logics, sustainability managers have to, above all, make a convincing case for sustainability, inwards and outwards. Therefore, they draw dynamically on different narratives which we conceptualise in three roles: the chameleon, the pragmatic, and the nagging manager. Through these roles, we intend to capture the fluidity with which the managers relate and engage with sustainability, and hence we do not mean to ossify a role’s dynamics within a single, static or stereotypical category. We discuss these findings and concepts to the background of previous studies and existing literature.

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43

Пімоненко, Тетяна Володимирівна, Татьяна Владимировна Пимоненко та Tetiana Volodymyrivna Pimonenko. "Організаційно-економічні засади екологічного аудиту в корпоративному секторі економіки". Thesis, Вид-во СумДУ, 2012. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30045.

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Виконання основних завдань "Концепції національної екологічної політики України на період до 2020 року" передбачає включення екологічної складової до програм розвитку секторів економіки з метою забезпечення їх збалансованого функціонування. Сьогодні корпоративний сектор економіки є основою соціально-економічного розвитку країни. При цитуванні документа, використовуйте посилання http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/30045

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44

Saringat, Siti Masnah. "Corporate Environmental Disclosure in Malaysia." Thesis, 2019. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/40536/.

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The objective of this thesis is to theoretically and empirically investigate how the changing political and economic institutional environment in Malaysia influences the quantity (CEDQty) and quality (CEDQ) of corporate environmental disclosure in both annual and sustainability reports (ARs and SRs) of Malaysian publicly-listed companies in environmentally-sensitive industries (ESI). It also examines how the explanatory variables modify the relationship between the institutional environment factors and reporting practices. This thesis developed a research instrument (i.e., Corporate Environmental Disclosure Index) based on the international and Malaysian guidelines to analyse the CEDQty and CEDQ of 411 reports by 135 companies in Malaysia for the reporting years of 2006, 2008 and 2014, an important period when substantial institutional changes occurred at both the international and the national levels. Based on institutional theory, and supported by Islamic accountability and resource-based theories, the theoretical framework developed in this thesis conceptually explained factors that drive companies’ responses to institutional pressures resulting from institutional changes, and how those institutional changes have influenced the CEDQty and CEDQ practices by Malaysian companies over time. The theoretical framework of this thesis was then empirically tested using a mixed qualitative and quantitative method. The empirical models applied the Generalised Estimating Equation (GEE) approach in recognition that panel data is used. Depending upon whether it was CEDQty or CEDQ and whether it was aggregated or individual reporting items analysed, a multivariate linear regression, binary or ordinal logistic regressions technique was used. The model developed incorporated multi-levels of institutional analysis comprising the international and Malaysian environment, along with company-specific characteristics of Islamic influence, corporate governance, financial performance and other control variables. The findings reveal that institutional changes, the non-government institutional ownership and women on boards are strong drivers for CEDQty, whereas institutional changes, female Chairperson, the non- government institutional ownership and women on boards are strong drivers for CEDQ in the Malaysian context. This thesis has multiple implications. Firstly, it offers insights into CEDQty and CEDQ practices over time in both ARs and SRs in a developing economy by focusing on Malaysia using panel data analysis. Secondly, it adds support to an application of institutional and resource-based theories, and limited support for Islamic accountability as a valid theoretical framework for the Malaysian context. Thirdly, this thesis introduces new variables of Islamic influence and corporate governance within the CED research. Finally, the findings of this thesis should be useful to the Malaysian ESI companies, regulators, accounting professions and other institutions in understanding current CEDQty and CEDQ practices so as to further increase these practices in the future.

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45

Chen, Guan Hong, and 陳冠宏. "A Study of Corporate Governance, Corporate Social Performance, and Environmental Information Disclosure." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/77227677299473341107.

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Анотація:

碩士
亞洲大學
會計與資訊學系碩士班
98
Based on agency theory and stewardship theory, this research explores the relationship between corporate governance and corporate social performance. Furthermore, we also test the difference of environmental information disclosure among Taiwanese companies. Binary Logistic regression and t-test analysis are used to test our hypotheses. The empirical results indicate that when companies have more institutional ownership, stock ownership by directors and supervisors, and external independent directors’ seats; they are more likely to have corporate social performance. In addition, companies that have more the deviation between control rights and cash-flow rights of control stockholders are likely to encounter less corporate social performance. Finally, the results also show that the better corporate social performance, the more transparency of environmental information disclosure is.

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46

Yen, Shiau Yun, and 蕭運炎. "An Evaluation of Environmental Disclosure Made in Corporate Annual Reports." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/85190305909452550892.

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碩士
東吳大學
會計學系
93
This paper evaluates factors influencing environmental disclosures made in corporate annual reports. The environmental disclosures in the 2002 annual reports of all companies on the Taiwan stock exchange were analyzed. These 624 Taiwanese companies represent nineteen industries. We establish the environmental disclosures by way of content an- alysis score using a checklist. The checklist is developed in a four categories and 24 points checklist. Using content analysis determine the extent of environmental disclosures. We propose the following hypothe- ses:(1) SENIND: Firms that belong to environmentally sensitive industries enhance its environmental disclosures. (2) LSIZ: The larger the firms enhance its environmental disclosures. (3) ISO: Firms that are awarded ISO 14000 certification enhance its environmental disclosures. Multiple regression analysis is used to identify mentioned hypotheses. The empirical results are: LSIZ and ISO are significantly positively associated with environmental disclosures. The results show that firms from industries with higher sensitivity to environment do not tend to provide more extensive environmental disclosures. Paper, plastic, ce- ment, steel, chemical, electricity, real estate industries are defined as more environmentally sensitive. Firms with higher sensitivity to environment that use more utility tend to provide more extensive envi- ronmental disclosures. So, utility is a proxy for measuring firms from industries with higher sensitivity to environment. Firms with higher sensitivity to environment that are awarded ISO 14000 certification are more likely to provide more environmental disclosures. The findings indicate that the voluntary environmental disclosures are incomplete, providing inadequate disclosure in the checklist. Hence, there is a lot of room for improvement as to the quality of disclosure.

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47

Hsiao, Yu-Hao, and 蕭又豪. "The Relationship between Environmental Information Disclosure and Corporate Operating Performance." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/54757476425574982208.

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Анотація:

碩士
朝陽科技大學
會計所
98
With the rising of global awareness in environmental protection and green consumption concept, green barrier has gradually replaced tariff barrier. The type of economy that lacks on-going development concept will become history as businesses eventually take up their social responsibility in environmental management. The study mainly explores the correlation between environmental disclosure and operating performance. In environmental disclosure, content analysis method is applied to measure the extent of environmental disclosure, while ratio of return on asset and return on sales are measuring index of operating performance. Sample of the study mainly consists of the publicly listed companies in Taiwan Stock Exchange and the period of study is for the two years 2008 and 2009. Relative data of operating performance, etc. are obtained from Taiwan Economic Journal Database. The empirical results find that: (1) Business that implements ISO14000 has significantly negative effect on the promotion of operating performance. The implementation of ISO14000 can slightly reduce operating performance, indicating that the implementation of ISO14000 has its inevitable hidden cost. After the implementation there is no immediate help in increasing operating performance within a short period of time and operating cost can even be heightened, thus resulting in slight reduction in operating performance; (2) Business with more disclosure in environmental information usually inputs more in environmental protection measures, thus, operating cost is increased in the short term, decreasing profitability; (3) The effect of environmental information disclosure on the operating performance of business in the following year on both ROA and ROS is negative, showing that the environmental measure of the business has not been effectively reflected on the enhancement of operating performance in the short run; (4) In the short run due to more investment in environmental protection, the environmental measure of business has crowded out investment in operation and research and development, resulting in negative effect on the operating performance of business. Such results do not differ among different industries with different extent in affecting the environment. The study deduces that the investment of business on environment is a result of the rising pressure from social public policy and environmental protection awareness, forcing business to pay attention on environmental protection image and reputation, thus preventing relative governmental regulation and public confrontation.

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48

Chien, Hsiu-Fang, and 簡秀芳. "Environmental Environment, Voluntary Environmental Protection Information Disclosure and Operation Performance: Corporate Life Cycle." Thesis, 2015. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/94999328630617602580.

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Анотація:

博士
逢甲大學
商學博士學位學程
104
With the global competition and rising of consumers’ awareness, the stakeholders have had more demands for the environmental protection information, and various pressures from external environment have caused that firms must disclose more information. Therefore, firms can improve their image by the voluntary disclosure of environmental protection information as the undertaking to perform the social responsibility. At the same time, firms are in different life cycles might have different strategies for the voluntary disclosure of environmental protection information. Therefore, this paper attempts to investigate the external environment factors whether influence the willingness of voluntary environmental protection information disclosure. Moreover, we examine the voluntary environmental protection information disclosure whether affect the relationship between firms’ operation performance and external environmental factors. In addition, the Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE) implements mandatory CSR reporting. Lists of specified companies begin to provide mandatory corporate social responsibility report annually from 2015. We also examine whether this policy makes some impact on disclosing willingness in advance. Voluntary disclosure of environmental protection information from 2010 to 2014 are hand collected with content analysis and research in the industries of cement, food, plastic, petrochemical, papermaking, iron & steel and electronics. The results show that when a firm is in the growth and mature stage, it is willing to disclose more additional environmental protection information, and the active disclosure willingness in the mature stage is slightly higher than in the growth stage. When there is a higher uncertainty of external environment, the firms are more willing to disclose additional environmental protection information to indirectly improve the firm’s image, so as to reduce the shock of environmental uncertainty to the firms. In addition, firms with a high degree of internationalization, they are more willing to disclose additional environmental protection information because the foreign stakeholders pay more attention to the environmental protection compare to stakeholders in Taiwan. The internationalization of firms are required to conform with more foreign environmental protection standards, so as to drive the firms to be willing to disclose more environmental protection information. Furthermore, environmental protection information disclosure can positively moderate the firms’ operation performance when the firms are more internationalized. Firms with lower credit risk didn’t disclose more environmental protection information. But the interaction term between credit rating (TCRI) and voluntary environmental protection information disclosure is negatively associated with the performance, indicating that when the firms have a lower credit risk, the additional disclosure of environmental protection information has a positive enhancing effect to the firm’s operation performance. This finding show environmental protection information disclosure can be a tool to moderate firm operation performance; the government should encourage firms to disclose more environmental protection information to increase operation performance. It is an incentive for firms with lower credit risk. The policy of Taiwan Stock Exchange (TWSE) imposing mandatory CSR report from 2015 is partly effective. It reveals firms perceived uncertain environment, they disclose more environmental protection information in 2014. We also divided full samples into electronics industry, environmentally sensitive industry and food industry. We find the environmental protection information disclosure can increase the firm’s operation performance in the sensitive industry. These environmentally sensitive firms suffer from environmental protection stress higher than other industries. Therefore, they disclose more environmental protection information to improve their reputation when they are with stronger external corporate governance, lower credit risk, and higher internationalization or under external environment uncertainty. As a whole, there is no significant impact on operation performance between environmental protection information disclosure and external environmental factors, except credit rating. The findings serve as the foundation for the government to establish policy. And the government should announce the importance of environmental protection information disclosure to the external supervisors such as big-4 auditors, industry experts, outside investors. Furthermore, to encourage stakeholders such as customers, suppliers, creditors to support firms protect environment by purchasing goods, reducing credit cost to increase their profit. It might increase firms’ motivation to disclose more environmental protection information, and ultimately, improve corporate disclosure so as to correspond to the international trend of emphasizing the environmental protection information.

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49

Hsu, Tsung-Ying, and 許宗盈. "Empirical Study of the Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Information Disclosure on Corporate Performance." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/01423055546535298140.

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Анотація:

碩士
崑山科技大學
企業管理研究所
102
Companies will face economypatternsof sustainable developmentin21st century, Enterprises in order to enhance their competitiveness, they must pay increasing attention to the social responsibility, therefore, the disclosure of corporate social responsibility is increasingly important. In this study, we adopted Taiwan Listed (Cabinet) companies as our research samples from 2006 to 2012. The empirical results show that both “whether the company obtains Corporate Social Responsibility Award”and“earnings per share” have significantly positive impact on corporate performance, while both “book value per share” and “environmental information disclosure”havesignificantlynegativeimpact on corporate per forme, but only the former reachs significant level. The moderating effect of “whether the company obtains Corporate Social Responsibility Award” on the relationship between “research variables and corporate performance”, our empirical results find that “whether the company obtaninsthe Corporate Social Responsibility Award” remarkable weaken of the negative association between “book value per share and corporate performance”, while“whether the company obtanins the the Corporate Social Responsibility Award” remarkable weaken of the positive association between “earnings per share and corporate performance”.

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50

Lin, Min-Han, and 林敏涵. "The Effects of Stakeholders and Corporate Performance on Environmental Information Disclosure on Corporate Website." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/02423851124761197258.

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Анотація:

碩士
淡江大學
會計學系碩士班
99
With the rise of global environmental awareness and the pollution problems from industrialization, many corporations face pressure from stakeholders regarding environmental issues. The environmental information disclosure on corporate website, which displays corporate environmental policies, activities and results, is a convenient and timely channel, so that the environmental information asymmetry is reduced accordingly. With 292 samples of Taiwanese listed companies in manufacturing industry, we investigate whether stakeholder powers will influence the level of environment information and the position of environment information disclosure on corporate website. We also investigate the relationship between corporate performance and the level of environment information disclosure as well. Our empirical results suggest that major key stakeholders such as government, competitors, employees and foreign institutional investors will positively affect the level of environmental information disclosure. Furthermore, poor performance of the corporations will focus on environmental information disclosure, in order to enhance the corporate image and reputation. In addition, firms with higher environmental sensitivity industry, higher market share ratio, more employees and higher foreign institutional investor holdings tend to reveal the opportunity of the environmental information in general.

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