Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Critères d'arrêts"
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Статті в журналах з теми "Critères d'arrêts"
Frare, Paola, and Alain Lebel. "Utilisation de «l'arrêt des pensées» dans le traitement d'un trouble obsessionnel-compulsif chez une fillette de neuf ans." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 41, no. 6 (August 1996): 367–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674379604100607.
Повний текст джерелаASFAR, P., and G. ORLIAGUET. "Critères de mauvaise tolérance et d'arrêt du remplissage vasculaire [champ 6]." Réanimation 13, no. 4 (June 2004): 316–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.reaurg.2004.03.010.
Повний текст джерелаHorellou, M. H., and M. Samama. "Critères d'arrêt ou de poursuite des antagonistes de la vitamine K (AVK)." Journal des Maladies Vasculaires 32 (March 2007): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmv.2007.01.004.
Повний текст джерелаGardner, Daniel. "La Loi sur l'assurance-automobile : loi d'interprétation libérale ?" Les Cahiers de droit 33, no. 2 (April 12, 2005): 485–513. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/043146ar.
Повний текст джерелаДисертації з теми "Critères d'arrêts"
Takouachet, Nawel. "Utilisation de critères perceptifs pour la déterminatin d'une condition d'arrêt dans les méthodes d'illumination globale." Littoral, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009DUNK0229.
Повний текст джерелаThe thesis focused on modelsnof realistic images rendering, especially unbiased algorithms of global illumination. Their interest is to calculate precisely illumination solution which allows to produce realistic images. However, these methods are prone to visual noise du to the stochastic nature of the underlying methods. This noise can be reduced by increasing the number of computed samples but simultaneously increasing the computation times. In this thesis we have been interested in searching for automatic stopping criteria for these algorithms. More specifically we focused of perceptual criteria allowing visible noise to be detected through any image. After an overview of the different methods used to render images, the problem of the integration of the perceptual models is considered. We use knowledge of the human visual system to guide image rendering algorithms. In a second step, two methodologies are proposed. They are based respectively on a human visual model and a supervised learning approach. We calibrate these two methods through experimental data obtained from human observers. By comparing our two methods we show that one based on supervised learning has more advantages : it requires less additional memory and computation can be distributed heterogeneously across the image, focusing on noisy areas
Bousquet, Amaury. "Critère de propagation et d'arrêt de fissure de clivage dans un acier de cuve REP." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00927524.
Повний текст джерелаAli, Hassan Sarah. "Estimations d'erreur a posteriori et critères d'arrêt pour des solveurs par décomposition de domaine et avec des pas de temps locaux." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066098/document.
Повний текст джерелаThis work contributes to the developpement of a posteriori error estimates and stopping criteria for domain decomposition methods with optimized Robin transmission conditions on the interface between subdomains. We study several problems. First, we tackle the steady diffusion equation using the mixed finite element subdomain discretization. Then the heat equation using the mixed finite element method in space and the discontinuous Galerkin scheme of lowest order in time is investigated. For the heat equation, a global-in-time domain decomposition method is used for both conforming and nonconforming time grids allowing for different time steps in different subdomains. This work is then extended to a two-phase flow model using a finite volume scheme in space. For each model, the multidomain formulation can be rewritten as an interface problem which is solved iteratively. Here at each iteration, local subdomain problems are solved, and information is then transferred to the neighboring subdomains. For unsteady problems, the subdomain problems are time-dependent and information is transferred via a space-time interface. The aim of this work is to bound the error between the exact solution and the approximate solution at each iteration of the domain decomposition algorithm. Different error components, such as the domain decomposition error, are identified in order to define efficient stopping criteria for the domain decomposition algorithm. More precisely, for the steady diffusion problem, the error of the domain decomposition method and that of the discretization in space are estimated separately. In addition, the time error for the unsteady problems is identified. Our a posteriori estimates are based on the reconstruction techniques for pressures and fluxes respectively in the spaces H1 and H(div). For the fluxes, local Neumann problems in bands arround the interfaces extracted from the subdomains are solved. Consequently, an effective criterion to stop the domain decomposition iterations is developed. Numerical experiments, both academic and more realistic with industrial data, are shown to illustrate the efficiency of these techniques. In particular, different time steps in different subdomains for the industrial example are used
Girard, Gabriel. "Tractographie en imagerie par résonance magnétique de diffusion approches avec a priori anatomiques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5769.
Повний текст джерелаFerzly, Joëlle. "Adaptive inexact smoothing Newton method for nonlinear systems with complementarity constraints. Application to a compositional multiphase flow in porous media." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022SORUS376.
Повний текст джерелаWe consider variational inequalities written in the form of partial differential equations with nonlinear complementarity constraints. The discretization of such problems leads to nonlinear non-differentiable discrete systems that can be solved employing an iterative linearization method of semismooth type like, e.g., the Newton-min algorithm. Our goal in this thesis is to conceive a simple smoothing approach that involves approximating the problem as a system of nonlinear smooth (differentiable) equations. In this setting, a direct application of classical Newton-type methods is possible. We construct a posteriori error estimates that lie at the foundation of an adaptive inexact smoothing Newton algorithm for a solution of the considered problems. We first present the strategy in a discrete framework. Then, we develop the method for the model problem of contact between two membranes. Last, an application to a compositional multiphase flow industrial model is introduced. In Chapter 1, we are concerned about nonlinear algebraic systems with complementarity constraints arising from numerical discretizations of PDEs with nonlinear complementarity problems. We produce a smooth approximation of a nonsmooth function, reformulating the complementarity conditions. The ensuing nonlinear system is solved employing the Newton method, together with an iterative linear algebraic solver to approximately solve the linear system. We establish an upper bound on the considered system’s residual and design a posteriori error estimators identifying the smoothing, linearization, and algebraic error components. These ingredients are used to formulate efficient stopping criteria for the nonlinear and algebraic solvers. With the same methodology, an adaptive interior-point method is proposed. We apply our algorithm to the algebraic system of variational inequalities describing the contact between two membranes and a two-phase flow problem. We provide numerical comparison of our approach with a semismooth Newton method, possibly combined with a path-following strategy, and a nonparametric interior-point method. In Chapter 2, in an infinite-dimensional framework, we consider as a model problem the contact problem between two membranes. We employ a finite volume discretization and apply the smoothing approach proposed in Chapter 1 to smooth the non-differentiability in the complementarity constraints. The resolution of the arising nonlinear smooth system is again realized thanks to the Newton method, in combination with an iterative algebraic solver for the solution of the resulting linear system. We design H1-conforming potential reconstructions as well as H(div)-conforming discrete equilibrated flux reconstructions. We prove an upper bound for the total error in the energy norm and conceive discretization, smoothing, linearization, and algebraic estimators reflecting the errors stemming from the finite volume discretization, the smoothing of the non-differentiability, the linearization by the Newton method, and the algebraic solver, respectively. This enables us to establish adaptive stopping criteria to stop the different solvers in the proposed algorithm and design adaptive algorithm steering all these four components. In Chapter 3, we consider a compositional multiphase flow (oil, gas, and water) with phase transitions in a porous media. A finite volume discretization yields a nonlinear non-differentiable algebraic system which we solve employing our inexact smoothing Newton technique. Following the process of Chapter 1, we build a posteriori estimators by bounding the norm of the discrete system’s residual, resulting in adaptive criteria that we incorporate in the employed algorithm. Throughout this thesis, numerical experiments confirm the efficiency of our estimates. In particular, we show that the developed adaptive algorithms considerably reduce the overall number of iterations in comparison with the existing methods
Yousef, Soleiman. "Etude d'estimations d'erreur a posteriori et d'adaptivité basée sur des critères d'arrêt et raffinement de maillages pour des problèmes d'écoulements multiphasiques et thermiques. Application aux procédés de récupération assistée d'huile." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918782.
Повний текст джерелаDakroub, Jad. "Analyse a posteriori d'algorithmes itératifs pour des problèmes non linéaires." Thesis, Paris 6, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA066259/document.
Повний текст джерелаThe numerical resolution of any discretization of nonlinear PDEs most often requires an iterative algorithm. In general, the discretization of partial differential equations leads to large systems. As the resolution of large systems is very costly in terms of computation time, an important question arises. To obtain an approximate solution of good quality, when is it necessary to stop the iteration in order to avoid unnecessary iterations? A posteriori error indicators have been studied in recent years owing to their remarkable capacity to enhance both speed and accuracy in computing. This thesis deals with a posteriori error estimation for the finite element discretization of nonlinear problems. Our purpose is to apply a new method that allows us to reduce the number of iterations of the resolution system while keeping a good accuracy of the numerical method. In other words, our goal is to apply a new method that provides a remarkable gain in computation time. For a given nonlinear equation we propose a finite element discretization relying on the Galerkin method. We solve the discrete problem using two iterative methods involving some kind of linearization. For each of them, there are actually two sources of error, namely discretization and linearization. Balancing these two errors can be very important, since it avoids performing an excessive number of iterations. Our results lead to the construction of computable upper indicators for the full error. Similarly, we apply this approach to the Navier-Stokes equations. Several numerical tests are provided to evaluate the efficiency of our indicators
Girard, Gabriel. "Tractographie de la matière blanche orientée par a priori anatomiques et microstructurels." Thesis, Nice, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016NICE4014/document.
Повний текст джерелаDiffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging is a unique imaging modality sensitive to the microscopic movement of water molecules in biological tissues. By characterizing the movement of water molecules, it is possible to infer the macroscopic neuronal pathways of the brain. The technique, so-called tractography, had become the tool of choice to study non-invasively the human brain's white matter in vivo. For instance, it has been used in neurosurgical intervention planning and in neurodegenerative diseases monitoring. In this thesis, we report biases from current tractography reconstruction and suggest methods to reduce them. We first use anatomical priors, derived from a high resolution T1-weighted image, to guide tractography. We show that knowledge of the nature of biological tissue helps tractography to reconstruct anatomically valid neuronal pathways, and reduces biases in the estimation of complex white matter regions. We then use microstructural priors, derived from the state-of-the-art diffusionweighted magnetic resonance imaging protocol, in the tractography reconstruction process. This allows tractography to follow the movement of water molecules not only along neuronal pathways, but also in a microstructurally specific environment. Thus, the tractography distinguishes more accurately neuronal pathways and reduces reconstruction errors. Moreover, it provides the mean to study white matter microstructure characteristics along neuronal pathways. Altogether, we show that anatomical and microstructural priors used during the tractography process improve brain’s white matter reconstruction
Dabaghi, Jad. "Estimations d’erreur a posteriori pour des inégalités variationnelles : application à un écoulement diphasique en milieu poreux." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS076.
Повний текст джерелаIn this thesis, we consider variational inequalities in the form of partial differential equations with complementarity constraints. We construct a posteriori error estimates for discretizations using the finite element method and the finite volume method, for inexact linearizations employing any semismooth Newton solver and any iterative linear algebraic solver. First, we consider the model problem of contact between two membranes, next we consider its extension into a parabolic variational inequality, and to finish we treat a two-phase compositional flow with phase transition as an industrial application. In the first chapter, we consider the stationnary problem of contact between two membranes. This problem belongs to the wide range of variational inequalities of the first kind. Our discretization is based on the finite element method with polynomials of order p ≥ 1, and we propose two discrete equivalent formulations: the first one as a variational inequality, and the second one as a saddle-point-type problem. We employ the Clarke differential so as to treat the nondifferentiable nonlinearities. It enables us to use semismooth Newton algorithms. Next, any iterative linear algebraic solver is used for the linear system stemming from the discretization. Employing the methodology of equilibrated flux reconstructions in the space H(div,Ω), we get an upper bound on the total error in the energy norm H01(Ω). This bound is fully computable at each semismooth Newton step and at each linear algebraic step. Our estimation distinguishes in particular the three components of the error, namely the discretization error (finite elements), the linearization error (semismooth Newton method), and the algebraic error (GMRES algorithm). We then formulate adaptive stopping criteria for our solvers to ultimately reduce the number of iterations. We also prove, in the inexact semismooth context, the local efficiency property of our estimators, up to a contact term that appears negligeable in numerics. Our numerical experiments illustrate the accuracy of our estimates and the reduction of the number of necessary iterations. They also show the performance of our adaptive inexacte semismooth Newton method. In the second chapter, we are interested in deriving a posteriori error estimates for a parabolic variational inequality and we consider the extension of the model of the first chapter to the unsteady case. We discretize our model using the finite element method of order p ≥ 1 in space and the backward Euler scheme in time. To treat the nonlinearities, we use again semismooth Newton algorithms, and we also employ an iterative algebraic solver for the linear system stemming from the discretization. Using the methodology of equilibrated flux reconstructions in the space H(div,Ω), we obtain, when p=1 and at convergence of the semismooth solver and the algebraic solver, an upper bound for the total error in the energy norm L²(0,T; H01(Ω)). Furthermore, we estimate in this case the time derivative error in a norm close to the energy norm L^2(0,T;H^{-1}(Ω)). In the case p ≥ 1, we present an a posteriori error estimate valid at each semismooth Newton step and at each linear algebraic step in the norm L²(0,T;H01(Ω)). We distinguish in this case the components of the total error, namely the discretization error, the linearization error, and the algebraic error. In particular, it enables us to devise adaptive stopping criteria for our solvers which reduces the number of iterations. In the third chapter, [...]
Частини книг з теми "Critères d'arrêts"
Haddad, B., C. Masson, S. Deis, C. Touboul, and G. Kayem. "Critères d'arrêt de la grossesse en cas de prééclampsie." In Prise en charge multidisciplinaire de la prééclampsie, 112–32. Elsevier, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-2-8101-0152-8.00010-9.
Повний текст джерела