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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Crop water"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 10 січня 2023

Оновлено: 19 лютого 2023

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Статті в журналах з теми "Crop water"

Teronpi, Larbeen, and Bhagawan Bharali. "Physiologycal Responses of Rice Crop to Water Deficit and Water Excess Conditions." Indian Journal of Plant and Soil 3, no. 2 (2016): 61–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21088/ijps.2348.9677.3216.2.

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Morison, J. I. L., N. R. Baker, P. M. Mullineaux, and W. J. Davies. "Improving water use in crop production." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 363, no. 1491 (July 25, 2007): 639–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2007.2175.

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Анотація:

Globally, agriculture accounts for 80–90% of all freshwater used by humans, and most of that is in crop production. In many areas, this water use is unsustainable; water supplies are also under pressure from other users and are being affected by climate change. Much effort is being made to reduce water use by crops and produce ‘more crop per drop’. This paper examines water use by crops, taking particularly a physiological viewpoint, examining the underlying relationships between carbon uptake, growth and water loss. Key examples of recent progress in both assessing and improving crop water productivity are described. It is clear that improvements in both agronomic and physiological understanding have led to recent increases in water productivity in some crops. We believe that there is substantial potential for further improvements owing to the progress in understanding the physiological responses of plants to water supply, and there is considerable promise within the latest molecular genetic approaches, if linked to the appropriate environmental physiology. We conclude that the interactions between plant and environment require a team approach looking across the disciplines from genes to plants to crops in their particular environments to deliver improved water productivity and contribute to sustainability.

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Garcia y Garcia, Axel, and Jeffrey S. Strock. "Soil Water Content and Crop Water Use in Contrasting Cropping Systems." Transactions of the ASABE 61, no. 1 (2018): 75–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/trans.12118.

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Abstract. Practices to improve the efficient use of water are of high relevance in rainfed agriculture. The effect of cropping systems on soil available water and water use of crops grown in a humid and temperate climate was investigated. This study was conducted at the University of Minnesota Southwest Research and Outreach Center near Lamberton, Minnesota, during three growing seasons. The treatments studied included an extended 4-year crop rotation (oat/alfalfa-alfalfa-corn-soybean) using organic inputs or high external (mineral) inputs and the traditional 2-year corn-soybean rotation, with a prairie as the control treatment. Response variables included crop yield, soil moisture monitored at 0.10, 0.20, 0.40, 0.60, 1.00, and 2.00 m depths, root length density, and crop water use. We found that alfalfa depleted more water than the other crops, including the prairie. Regardless of the extent of the rotation and the type of input, the soil water depletion and crop water use followed the same pattern: alfalfa > corn > oat/alfalfa > soybean. For conditions in the humid and temperate climate of southwest Minnesota, the average water use of crops was 652 mm for alfalfa, 535 mm for corn, 340 mm for oat/alfalfa, and 484 mm for soybean. The average water use of the prairie was 604 mm. Keywords: Evapotranspiration, Farming systems, Rotation, Water balance, Water use efficiency.

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Wang, Xin Hua, Mei Hua Guo, and Hui Mei Liu. "Research Dry Crop and Irrigation Water Requirement in Environment Engineering." Applied Mechanics and Materials 340 (July 2013): 961–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.340.961.

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According to Kunming 1980-2010 monthly weather data and CROPWAT software and the corresponding crop data, crop water requirements and irrigation water use are calculated. By frequency analysis, irrigation water requirement was get for different guaranteed rate. The results show that: corn, potatoes, tobacco, and soybeans average crop water requirements were 390.7mm, 447.9mm, 361.8mm and 328.4mm, crop water dispersion coefficient is small, period effective rainfall during crop growth in most of the year can meet the crop water requirements, so irrigation water demand is small. While the multi-year average crop water requirements were 400.8mm, 353.5mm, 394.3mm for small spring crops of wheat, beans, rape. Because the effective rainfall for these crops during growth period is relative less, crop irrigation water requirements for small spring crop is much. Vegetables and flowers are plant around the year, so the crop water and irrigation water requirements are the largest.

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Alghariani, Saad Ahmad. "Managing water resources in Libya through reducing irrigation water demand: more crop production with less water use." Libyan Studies 44 (2013): 95–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263718900009687.

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AbstractThe looming water crisis in Libya necessitates taking immediate action to reduce the agricultural water demand that consumes more than 80% of the water supplies. The available information on water use efficiency and crop water productivity reveals that this proportion can be effectively reduced while maintaining the same, if not more, total agricultural production at the national level. Crop water productivity, which is depressingly low, can be doubled through implementing several measures including relocating all major agricultural crops among different hydroclimatic zones and growth seasons; crop selection based on comparative production advantages; realisation of the maximum genetically determined crop yields; and several other measures of demand water management. There is an urgent need to establish the necessary institutional arrangements that can effectively formulate and implement these measures as guided by agricultural research and extension services incorporating all beneficiaries and stakeholders in the process.

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Sainju, Upendra M., Andrew W. Lenssen, Brett L. Allen, Jalal D. Jabro, William B. Stevens, and William M. Iversen. "Soil water and crop water use with crop rotations and cultural practices." Agronomy Journal 112, no. 5 (July 24, 2020): 3306–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/agj2.20332.

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A. S. RAO and SURENDRA POONIA. "Climate change impact on crop water requirements in arid Rajasthan." Journal of Agrometeorology 13, no. 1 (June 1, 2011): 17–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.54386/jam.v13i1.1328.

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The impact of projected climate change by 21st century on water requirements of rainfed monsoon and irrigated winter crops of arid Rajasthan has been studied. Crop water requirements were estimated from daily potential evapotranspiration at ambient and projected air temperature by 2020, 2050, 2080 and 2100 using modified Penman-Monteith equation and then by multiplying with crop coefficients. Crop water requirements in the region varied from 308 to 411 mm for pearl millet, 244 to 332 mm for clusterbean, 217 to 296 mm for green gram, 189 to 260 mm for moth bean, 173 to 288 mm for wheat and 209 to 343 mm for mustard. Further, due to global warming, if the projected temperatures rises by 40C, by the end of 21st century, water requirement in arid Rajasthan increases from the current level, by 12.9% for pearl millet and clusterbean, 12.8% for green gram, 13.2% for moth bean, 17.1% for wheat and 19.9% for mustard. The increased crop water requirements in the region, resulted in reduction in crop growing period by 5 days for long duration crops, but the crop acreage where rainfall satisfies crop water requirements, reduced by 23.3% in pearl millet, 15.2% in clusterbean, 6.7% in green gram, 13% in moth bean. The study reveals that the impact will be more severe on rabi crops than kharif crops, the rabi crops being dependent on depleting ground water resources in the region.

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Jadeja, Poojaba, and Milan K. Chudasama. "FAO-CROPWAT 8.0 Used for Analysis of Water Requirements and Irrigation Schedule in the Kutch Region of Gujarat." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, no. 4 (April 30, 2022): 3337–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.42068.

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Abstract: Water is an important input for agriculture so this valuable resource is designed properly and deliverable. Reasonable information on evapotranspiration, crop water requirements, and net irrigation requirements is required for effective planning of this resource. To use optimum amount of water for crops and reduce irrigation quantity, some form of irrigation scheduling should be used by the farming community. Unscientific and injudicious application of groundwater in this region resulted in depletion of the groundwater table. To achieve effective utilization of the groundwater resources, there is a need to estimate the crop water requirement for different crops at different management levels to accomplish effective irrigation management. Crop water requirements of different crop in districts of Kutch was calculated using FAO CROPWAT 8.0 a computer simulation model. The simulation study was conducted with the objectives of determining irrigation water requirement and irrigation scheduling for some major crops. The Penman - Monteith method was used for evapotranspiration calculation in the model. The model predicted the daily, decadal as well as monthly crop water requirement at different growing stages of crops. Keywords: crop water requirement, irrigation scheduling, CROPWAT 8.0

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Abedinpour, Meysam. "Wheat water use and yield under different salinity of irrigation water." Journal of Water and Land Development 33, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jwld-2017-0013.

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Abstract A field experiment was conducted for determination of crop coefficient (KC) and water stress coefficient (Ks) for wheat crop under different salinity levels, during 2015–2016. Complete randomized block design of five treatments were considered, i.e., 0.51 dS·m−1 (fresh water, FW) as a control treatment and other four saline water treatments (4, 6, 8 and 10 dS·m−1), for S1, S2, S3 and S4 with three replications. The results revealed that the water consumed by plants during the different crop growth stages follows the order of FW > S1 > S2 > S3 > S4 salinity levels. According to the obtained results, the calculated values of KC significantly differed from values released by FAO paper No 56 for the crops. The Ks values clearly differ from one stage to another because the salt accumulation in the root zone causes to reduction of total soil water potential (Ψt), therefore, the average values of water stress coefficient (Ks) follows this order; FW(1.0) = S1(1.0) > S2(1.0) > S3(0.93) > S4(0.82). Precise data of crop coefficient, which is required for regional scale irrigation management is lacking in developing countries. Thus, the estimated values of crop coefficient under different variables are essential to achieve the best management practice (BMP) in agriculture.

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Zhou, X. B., Y. H. Chen, and Z. Ouyang. "Effects of row spacing on soil water and water consumption of winter wheat under irrigated and rainfed conditions." Plant, Soil and Environment 57, No. 3 (March 4, 2011): 115–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/130/2010-pse.

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The results of two seasons' work on soil water content (SWC), evapotranspiration (ET), total dry matter (TDM), and harvest index (HI) of crops under different row spacing (RS), as well as possible ways to improve water utilization, have been reported. Field experiments were carried out at the Experimental Farm of Shandong Agricultural University (36°09'N, 117°09'E) in 2006–2007 and 2007–2008. Four types of RS were treated under two different water conditions (rainfed and irrigated) and set up in a randomized plot design. RS did not exhibit any obvious effects on SWC during the study period. SWC was enhanced evidently by irrigation, especially in the 10–60 cm soil layer. Irrigation increased the ET of crop. At the seeding-jointing stage, the ET of RS14 was significantly higher than those during other treatments (P < 0.05). Irrigation increased yields, ET, and TDM, while it decreased water use efficiency and HI. There were significantly negative correlations between TDM and RS (P < 0.05). The HI of the rainfed crop was higher than that of the irrigated crop. Results showed that high yields of wheat could be achieved in northern China by reducing RS under uniform planting density conditions.

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Більше джерел

Дисертації з теми "Crop water"

Watson, J., and M. Sheedy. "Crop Water Use Estimates." College of Agriculture, University of Arizona (Tucson, AZ), 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/210312.

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Irrigation scheduling, by keeping track of irrigation applications, soil storage and crop water use, has been computerized by a number of different individuals. A key component of the computerized methods is the estimation of a reference crop evapotranspiration rate. Complaints about one such method, AZSCHED, led the authors to compare the reference crop evapotranspiration values calculated by AZSCHED with those calculated by a second procedure available used by AZMET. Results of the comparison indicated that no significant difference existed between methods, for either a traditionally "long season", or a contemporary "short season" growing period. AZSCHED did estimate crop water use to be about 5% - 8% more than AZMET, an amount that is not of importance considering the irrigation inefficiencies created by field non-uniformities. Experience by the authors indicates that inappropriate selection of irrigation efficiencies and/or soil water holding capacity may be the main cause of user complaints.

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Subedi-Chalise, Kopila. "Impacts of Crop Residue and Cover Crops on Soil Hydrological Properties, Soil Water Storage and Water Use Efficiency of Soybean Crop." Thesis, South Dakota State University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10265200.

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Cover crops and crop residue play a multifunctional role in improving soil hydrological properties, soil water storage and water use efficiency (WUE). This study was conducted to better understand the role of crop residue and cover crop on soil properties and soil water dynamics. The study was conducted at the USDA-ARS North Central Agricultural Research Laboratory, located in Brookings, South Dakota. Two residue removal treatments that include low residue removal (LRR) and high residue removal (HRR) were established in 2000 with randomized complete block design under no-till corn (Zea mays L.) and soybean (Glycine max L.) rotation. In 2005, cover crop treatments which include cover crops (CC) and no cover crops (NCC) were integrated into the overall design. Soil samples were collected in 2014, 2015 and 2016. Data from this study showed that LRR treatment resulted in lower bulk density (BD) by 7 and 9% compared to HRR in 2015 and 2016, respectively, for 0-5 cm depth. Similarly, LRR treatment significantly reduced soil penetration resistance (SPR) by 25% in 0-5 cm depth compared with HRR treatment. In addition to this, LRR treatment significantly increased soil organic carbon (SOC) concentrations and total nitrogen (TN) by 22 and 17%, respectively, in 0-5 cm. Similarly, CC treatment resulted in lower BD and SPR by 7% and 23%, respectively, in 0-5 cm depth in 2015 compared with NCC treatment. The LRR significantly increased soil water infiltration by 66 and 22% compared to HRR in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Similarly, the CC treatment significantly increased infiltration by 82 and 22% compared to the NCC in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The significant impact of a crop residue was observed on soil water retention (SWR) in 2014 and 2015 for the 0-5 cm depth. The LRR and CC treatments increased the soil volumetric moisture content (VMC) and soil water storage (SWS) on the surface 0-5 cm depth. However, the trend was not always significant during the growing season. The CC treatment significantly impacted the soybean yield by 14% and WUE by 13% compared with NCC treatment. Some interaction of residue by cover crops was observed on BD, SPR, VMC, and SWS, which showed that the use of cover crops with LRR can be beneficial in improving the soil properties.

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Khandker, Md Humayun Kabir. "Crop growth and water-use from saline water tables." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/580.

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How much water can a crop abstract from below a saline water table and how does the salinity affect yield? These questions are important because shallow groundwater may represent a substantial resource in flat, low-lying areas, but may also represent a threat to sustainability where salinity is high. A series of experiments in a glasshouse aimed to elucidate irrigation management practice under salinity conditions and to develop a root uptake model under both osmotic and matric stresses. The extraction of soil water and groundwater by lettuce and perennial ryegrass crops were measured in three instrumented lysimeters. Water table depths were 0.6,0.9 and 1.2 rn below the soil surface. The lysimeters were initially saturated with saline water (electrical conductivity 4.5 dS m- 1 for lettuce, 9.4 dS m- I for the first crop of ryegrass and 0.4,7.5 & 15.0 dS m-1 for the second crop of ryegrass) and drained until an equilibrium soil water profile was attained. Water with the same electrical conductivity was then supplied by Marione siphons to maintain the constant water table. The water table contribution was recorded and water losses from the soil profile were estimated from daily readings of soil water potential using tensiometersa; nd gypsum blocks. Solute samples were extracted periodically for salinity measurement. The cropping period of lettuce was 90 days from sowing and the lst & 2nd cropping periods of ryegrass were 223 & 215 days respectively. The first ryegrass experiment showed that the water table depth (60,90 and 120 cm) did not have significant contribution (37,36 and 36 mm) on either total soil moisture use or groundwater contribution. Similar results were found for total soil moisture use for lettuce, though the groundwater contribution varied significantly. The second ryegrass experiment showed that salinity at the water table strongly influenced total soil moisture use, but the total groundwater contribution varied only slightly. The overall crop experiments show that the groundwater contribution was within the range of 25-30% of the total water use, except for the 15 dS m7l treatment where the contribution was greater than the soil moisture use. Groundwater contribution rate was higher when the plants were subjected to more osmotic and matric stresses. Yield component data show that increasing salinity leads to a reduction in total yield, but the drymatter proportion was higher. Higher salinities occurred in the upper 15 cm of the root zone, because of the greater soil moisture depletion. Below that depth the salinization rate was smaller, because of the greater groundwater contribution in the later part of the season. There is reasonable agreement between measured and estimated (based on convective transport theory) values soil salinity. Salinities increased in the root zone by about 3-fold of initial salinity for lettuce and around 4-fold for ryegrass in the top 5 cm depth, but below 15 cm depth it was less than 2 fold. Finally, a simplified model was developed to describe the interaction of root-zone salinity and water uptake, considering salinity and water stress as additive. The model shows that the higher the root-zone salinity stress, the higher the predicted water uptake while plant uptake considered -1.5 MPa. This variation is ranged from 4 to 17% for 0.4 to 9.4 dS m-1 and 30 % for 15 dS m-1. The model was developed in a climate with low atmospheric demand, but needs testing in a more severe environment.

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Hassan, Ahmad. "The contribution by the water table to crop water use." Thesis, University of Newcastle Upon Tyne, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10443/142.

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The contribution by the water table to crop water use was evaluated in the absence of surface water application from lysimetric studies in a glassliouse during 1988, 1989 and 1990. The water table contribution was measured for beans, barley and lettuce in the presence of constant water tables 60, 90 and 120 cm deep. The water table contributed to about 27.0, 16.4 and 11.4% of evapotranspiration of barley with water tables 60, 90 and 120 cm deep, respectively. The contribution in lettuce was found to be 34.7, 13.5 and 6.0% for the 60, 90 and 120 cm water tables, respectively. The water table could not contribute to the evapotranspiration of beans because the initial soil moisture suction profile was not in equilibrium, and there was always a zero-flux plane above the water table. Capillary upward flux from the water table was also measured using Darcy's equation and by direct measurement. For this, unsaturated hydraulic conductivity was determined in the laboratory from diffusivity over a wide range of moisture content. Conductivity values were also evaluated in situ using Darcy's equation. In situ and laboratory conductivity values were well fitted by Gardner's (1958) conductivity function but not by that of Rijtema (1965). Root water uptake was evaluated using the extraction-term approach. A very small proportion of roots near the water table was absorbing water from the capillary fringe iii the case of a deep-rooted crop (barley) for all water table depths. Lettuce, a shal1ow-rootd crop, was absorbing water from the water table although roots were confined to the top 5 cm depth for all water table depths. A simulation model (CAPROW) was developed to account for capillary rise from constant water tables. The model can also predict soil moisture content, root water uptake and inflow to roots provided soil physical parameters and relevent data are known. Parameters needed to run the model were determined from the bean experiment with the water table at 60 cm depth. CAPROW was used to simulate results for water tables at 90 and 120 cm under three different crops. Model predictions of soil moisture contents at harvest agreed well with the measured values. The predicted cumulative upward flux in barley and lettuce under two different water table treatments agreed closely with the measured values. The contribution by the water table to water use by barley was found to be 16.4 and 11.4% for 90 and 120 cm water table depths, respectively. Corresponding simulated values were 15.5 and 10.4%. For lettuce, measured contributions from the water table to evapotranspiration were 13.5 and 6.0%. Corresponding simulated values were 15.7 and 6.7%.

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Dalton, James A. "Contribution of upward soil water flux to crop water requirements." Thesis, University of Southampton, 2006. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/344938/.

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Sedibe, Moosa Mahmood. "Optimising water use efficiency for crop production." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53541.

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Thesis (MScAgric)--University of Stellenbosch, 2003.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Poor water management and poor water use efficiency (WUE) have been identified as one of the major problems experienced by vegetable growers in most of the developing countries, including South Africa. This poor management and poor utilization of water have led to a drastic decline in the quality and quantity of available water. In South Africa agriculture uses about 50% of available water. Increasing water demand for domestic, industrial and mining uses, may decrease agriculture's share to less than the current 50%, henceforth, better utilization of this resource is imperative. Selection of a good irrigation system can limit water loss considerably. Some irrigation systems have a potential to save more water than others do. Since irrigation systems affect the WUE of crops, care should be taken when selecting an irrigation system under conditions of limited water quantity. Ebb-and- Flood watering systems have been introduced for effective sub-irrigation and nutrient delivery within closed systems. Such a system was adapted in South Africa, to develop a vegetable production unit for use by families in rural communities, while saving substantial amounts of water. A need to further improve the WUE of this system was subsequently identified. Two studies were conducted at the experimental farm of the University of Stellenbosch (Department of Agronomy). The first trial was conducted under controlled conditions in a glasshouse, and the second under open field conditions. In the first trial, Beta vulgaris (Swiss chard) and Amaranthus spp. ('Imbuya') were grown in two root media; gravel and pumice. In addition, an 'Ebb-and-Flood' and a 'Constant level' system were used with nutrient solutions at two electrical (EC) conductivity levels 1.80 and 3.60 mS cm-I. The results of this (2x2x2x2) factorial experiment indicated that a combination of the 'Ebb-and-Flood' system with gravel as a root medium produced the best results at a low EC, when 'imbuya' was used. A high total WUE was found with 'imbuya', (7.35 g L-I) at EC 1.80 mS cmicompared to a relatively low WUE of 5. 90 g L-I when the 3.60 mS cm-I nutrient solution was used. In the second trial, 'Imbuya's' foliage dry mass, leaf area and WUE was evaluated under field conditions at the Stellenbosch University experimental farm, during the summer of2002. The experimental farm (33°55'S, 18°52'E) is situated in the cooler coastal wine grape-producing region of South Africa with a relatively high annual winter rainfall. This trial was conducted on an alluvial soil, with clay content of 25% and a pH of 5.9 (KC!). A closed 'Ebb-and-Flood' system was compared with two open field irrigation systems ('Drip' and 'Flood') using nutrient solutions at two electrical conductivity levels (1.80 and 3.60 mS cm-i) in all three cases. Foliage dry mass, leaf area as well as WUE was best with 'Drip' irrigation, when a nutrient solution with an electrical conductivity of 3.60 mS cm-i was used. In spite of the fact that additional ground water was available for the soil grown 'Drip' and 'Flood' treatments, the 'Ebb-and-Flood' system outperformed the 'Flood' treatment, especially when the nutrient solution with an EC of 3.6 mS cm-i was used. Insufficient root aeration in the flooded soil could have been a contributing factor. The fact that the 'Ebb-and-Flood' and 'Drip' systems gave the best results when the high EC solution was used to fertigate the plants, may indicate that the plants could have hardened due to the mild EC stress, better preparing them to adapt to the extreme heat that was experienced in the field.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Swak: bestuur van water en 'n swak: water-gebruik-doeltreffendheid (WOD) is as een van die belangrikste probleme geïdentifiseer wat deur groente produsente in die meeste ontwikkelende lande, insluitend Suid-Afrika, ervaar word. Hierdie swak bestuur en benutting van water het daartoe bygedra dat 'n drastiese afname in die kwaliteit asook in die kwantiteit van beskikbare water ervaar word. In Suid-Afrika gebruik die landbou-sektor ongeveer 50% van die beskikbare water. Toenemende water behoeftes vir huisgebruik, industrieë en die mynbou mag hierdie 50% aandeel van die landbou sektor laat krimp. Beter benutting van hierdie skaars hulpbron is dus noodsaaklik. Die keuse van goeie besproeiingsisteme mag waterverliese merkbaar beperk aangesien sekere sisteme se water-besparingspotensiaal beter as ander is. Aangesien besproeiingstelsels die WOD van gewasse beïnvloed, is spesiale sorg nodig waar 'n besproeiingstelsel onder hierdie toestande van beperkte waterbronne gekies moet word. 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteme kan aangewend word om water en voedingselemente van onder in 'n wortelmedium te laat opstoot en in 'n geslote sisteem te laat terugdreineer. So 'n sisteem is in Suid-Afrika ontwikkel waarmee groente vir families in landelike gebiede geproduseer kan word terwyl water bespaar word. 'n Behoefte om die WOD van hierdie produksiesisteem verder te verbeter is egter geïdentifiseer. Twee ondersoeke is by die Universiteit van Stellenbosch se proefplaas (Departement Agronomie) gedoen. Die eerste proef is onder beheerde omgewingstoestande in 'n glashuis uitgevoer en die tweede onder veld toestande. In die eerste proef is Beta vulgaris (Snybeet) en Amaranthus spp. ('Imbuya') in twee tipes wortelmedia; gruis en puimsteen verbou. 'n 'Ebb-en-Vloed' asoook 'n 'Konstante vlak' besproeiingsisteem is gebruik terwyl voedingsoplossings ook by twee peile van elektriese geleiding (EC) teen 1.80 en 3.60 mS cm-I toegedien is. Die resultate van hierdie (2x2x2x2) fakroriaal eksperiment het aangetoon dat 'n kombinasie van die 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteem met gruis as 'n wortelmedium die beste resultate teen 'n lae EC lewer waar 'imbuya' gebruik is. Die WOD met 'imbuya' was hoog (7.35 g L-1) by 'n EC van 1.80 mS cm-I, vergeleke met 'n relatief lae WOD van 5. 90 g L-1 waar die 3.60 mS cm-I voedingsoplossing gebruik is. In die tweede proef is 'Imbuya' se droë blaarmassa, blaar oppervlakte en WOD onder veldtoestande op die Universiteit van Stellenbsoch se proefplaas in die somer van 2002 ge-evalueer. Die proefplaas (33°55'S, 18°52'E) is in die koeler kusstreke van die wyndruif produksiegebied in die winterreëngebied van Suid-Afrika geleë. Hierdie proef is op alluviale grond met 25% klei en 'n pH van 5.9 (KCi) uitgevoer. 'n Geslote 'Ebb-en-Vloed' sisteem is met twee veld-besproeiingsisteme vergelyk ('Drup' en 'Vloed') terwyl voedingsoplossings teen twee peile van elektriese geleiding (1.80 en 3.60 mS cm-I) in al drie gevalle gebruik is. Blaar droëmassa, blaaroppervlakte asook die WGD was die beste met 'Drup' besproeiing waar die EC van die voedingsoplossing 3.60 mS cm-I was. Ten spyte van die feit dat ekstra grondwater vir die 'Drup' and 'Vloed' behandelings beskikbaar was, het die 'Ebben- Vloed' stelsel beter as die 'Vloed' behandeling gedoen veral waar die voedingsoplossing se EC 3.6 mS cm-I was. Swak wortelbelugting was waarskynlik die rede waarom vloedbesproeiing swak produksie gelewer het. Die feit dat die 'Drup' en die 'Ebb-en-Vloed' behandelings in die veldproef die beste gedoen het waar die EC hoog was, mag moontlik met die gehardheid van die plante verband hou wat aan ekstreem warm en dor toestande blootgestel was.

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Ping, Zhang. "The partitioning of water loss between crop transpiration and soil evaporation in potato crops." Thesis, University of Reading, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303926.

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Hector, D. J. "Capture of soil water by crop root systems." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.378493.

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Kazemi, Hossein V. "Estimating crop water requirements in south-central Kansas." Thesis, Kansas State University, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/9859.

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Perez, Jose 1950. "WATER AND NITROGEN EFFECTS ON THE CROP WATER STRESS INDEX OF COTTON." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/275339.

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Книги з теми "Crop water"

Steduto, P. Crop yield response to water. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 2012.

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Somani, L. L. Crop production with saline water. Bikaner: Agro Botanical Publishers (India), 1991.

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Ahmad, Parvaiz, ed. Water Stress and Crop Plants. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119054450.

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Kahlown, Muhammad Akram. Determination of crop water requirement of major crops under shallow water-table conditions. Islamabad: Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, 2003.

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Cuenca, Richard H. Oregon crop water use and irrigation requirements. Corvallis, Or: Water Resources Engineering Team, Oregon State University, 1992.

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Sinclair, Thomas R., ed. Water-Conservation Traits to Increase Crop Yields in Water-deficit Environments. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56321-3.

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Kahlown, Muhammad Akram. Water management for efficicent use of irrigation water and optimum crop production. Islamabad: Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources, 2003.

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Westcot, D. W. Quality control of wastewater for irrigated crop production. Rome: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, 1997.

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Olufayo, Ayorinde Akinlabi. Water management at farm level: More crop per drop. [Akure, Nigeria]: Publication Committee, FUTA, 2009.

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Kersebaum, Kurt Christian, Jens-Martin Hecker, Wilfried Mirschel, and Martin Wegehenkel, eds. Modelling water and nutrient dynamics in soil–crop systems. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-4479-3.

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Jones, M. B. "Water relations." In The Grass Crop, 205–42. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-1187-1_6.

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Rudich, J., and U. Luchinsky. "Water economy." In The Tomato Crop, 335–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3137-4_8.

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Wright, G. C., and R. C. Nageswara Rao. "Groundnut water relations." In The Groundnut Crop, 281–335. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0733-4_9.

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Zarrouk, O., A. Fortunato, and M. M. Chaves. "Crop Responses to Available Soil Water." In Crop Science, 131–57. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8621-7_194.

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Carvalho, P., and M. J. Foulkes. "Roots and Uptake of Water and Nutrients." In Crop Science, 107–30. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4939-8621-7_195.

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Imadi, Sameen Ruqia, Alvina Gul, Murat Dikilitas, Sema Karakas, Iti Sharma, and Parvaiz Ahmad. "Water stress." In Water Stress and Crop Plants, 343–55. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119054450.ch21.

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Dunham, R. J. "Water use and irrigation." In The Sugar Beet Crop, 279–309. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-0373-9_8.

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Gutschick, Vincent P. "Water Relations." In A Functional Biology of Crop Plants, 108–47. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-9801-5_4.

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Mukpuou, Samuel Malou, Ashish Pandey, and V. M. Chowdary. "Reference Crop Evapotranspiration Estimation Using Remote Sensing Technique." In Water Management and Water Governance, 91–111. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-58051-3_7.

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Gregory, P. J., and L. P. Simmonds. "Water relations and growth of potatoes." In The Potato Crop, 214–46. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-2340-2_5.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Crop water"

Trout, Thomas, and Jim Gartung. "Use of Crop Canopy Size to Estimate Crop Coefficient for Vegetable Crops." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2006. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40856(200)297.

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Norman L. Klocke, Loyd R. Stone, Gary A. Clark, Troy J. Dumler, and Steven Briggeman. "Crop Water Allocation for Limited Ground Water." In 2005 Tampa, FL July 17-20, 2005. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.18956.

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Tripathi, S. K. "Crop productivity constraint in the Upper Ganga Canal Command." In WATER AND SOCIETY 2011. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/ws110411.

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Cirone, Richard, Brian Hornbuckle, and Anton Kruger. "Alternative Simulation of Crop Water Radiometry." In IGARSS 2021 - 2021 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss47720.2021.9553511.

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Garofalo, P., A. V. Vonella, S. Ruggieri, and M. Rinaldi. "Verification of crop coefficients for chickpeas in the Mediterranean environment." In WATER RESOURCES MANAGEMENT 2009. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/wrm090441.

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Taghvaeian, S., J. L. Chávez, and N. C. Hansen. "Evaluating Crop Water Stress under Limited Irrigation Practices." In World Environmental And Water Resources Congress 2012. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/9780784412312.215.

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Dourte, Daniel R., and Dorota Z. Haman. "Crop Water Requirements of Mature Blueberries in Florida." In World Environmental and Water Resources Congress 2007. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40927(243)225.

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Zhanbin, Huang, Wang Xiaoqing, Jiao Zhihua, Shi Yu, and Peng Licheng. "Impact of Reclaimed Water on Crop Safety." In 2011 International Conference on Computer Distributed Control and Intelligent Environmental Monitoring (CDCIEM). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cdciem.2011.295.

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Ustin, Susan L., David Darling, Shawn Kefauver, Jonathan Greenberg, Yen-Ben Cheng, and Michael L. Whiting. "Remotely sensed estimates of crop water demand." In Optical Science and Technology, the SPIE 49th Annual Meeting, edited by Wei Gao and David R. Shaw. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.560309.

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Rushton, Betty. "Runoff Characteristics from Row Crop Farming in Florida." In World Water and Environmental Resources Congress 2003. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40685(2003)307.

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Frenkel, Haim, John Hanks, and A. Mantell. Crop Yield and Water Use under Irrigation with Saline Water. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1987.7695596.bard.

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Helmers, Matt, Xiaobo Zhou, Carl Pederson, and Greg Brenneman. Impact of Drainage Water Management on Crop Yield. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-1902.

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Miyamoto, Seiichi, David Russo, Lloyd Fenn, Eshel Bresler, and Richard H. Loeppert, Jr. Management of Gypseous Saline Water for Efficient Crop Production. United States Department of Agriculture, January 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1985.7598144.bard.

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Hermelink, M. I., and J. G. Conijn. Modelling crop yields and water balances for Ethiopia with LPJmL. Wageningen: Stichting Wageningen Research, Wageningen Plant Research, Business Unit Agrosystems Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/559929.

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Giordano, M., H. Turral, S. M. Scheierling, D. O. Treguer, and P. G. McCornick. Beyond “More Crop per Drop”: evolving thinking on agricultural water productivity. International Water Management Institute (IWMI) | The World Bank, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5337/2017.202.

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Hermelink, M. I., J. G. Conijn, and R. Dankers. Modelling future crop yields and water discharge for Ethiopia with LPJmL. Wageningen: Wageningen Plant Research, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/581423.

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Cook, Jeffery D., and Kenneth T. Pecinovsky. Water Table Level as Influenced by Rainfall, Crop Requirements, and Tiling Method. Ames: Iowa State University, Digital Repository, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/farmprogressreports-180814-2308.

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Champagne, C., A. Bannari, K. Staenz, J. C. Deguise, and H. McNairn. Validation of a Hyperspectral Curve-Fitting Technique for Mapping Crop Water Status. Natural Resources Canada/ESS/Scientific and Technical Publishing Services, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4095/219853.

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Meiri, Avraham, L. H. Stolzy, Gideon Sinai, and Reuven Steinhardt. Managing Multi-Source Irrigation Water of Different Qualities for Optimum Crop Production. United States Department of Agriculture, October 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1986.7598903.bard.

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Hadas, Amos, John Hanks, Eshel Bresler, and Eli Feinerman. Crop Production Function in Relation to Irrigation Methods Limited Water and Variability. United States Department of Agriculture, July 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1992.7600060.bard.

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