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Добірка наукової літератури з теми "Crops and climate"

Автор: Grafiati

Опубліковано: 4 червня 2021

Оновлено: 31 липня 2024

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Статті в журналах з теми "Crops and climate"

Heffernan, Olive. "Cooling crops." Nature Climate Change 1, no. 902 (January 22, 2009): 14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/climate.2009.5.

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M, Gidi. "Advances in Genomics: Crops Adapting to Climate Change." Open Access Journal of Microbiology & Biotechnology 8, no. 2 (April 5, 2023): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/oajmb-16000264.

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In a world where food consumption is rising, climate change poses a severe danger to feeding a growing population. Previously, increased agricultural output was achieved by using fertilizer and insecticides for improved weed and pest control. However, these techniques rely on exhaustible resources and are frequently unstable. Current developments in advanced genetics are paving the door for long-term agricultural intensification and greater global warming crop adaptability. The amount of quality genomic information accessible has been rapidly increasing as a result of the widespread usage of genome sequencing technology. The increasing availability of genomic data has facilitated the shift to plant pan-genomics, allowing researchers to easily know the diversity and available traits for crop improvement and cultivar development. These advancements enhance genomic-assisted breeding, which allows for the quick engagement of candidate genes in climatic conditions and agricultural characteristics, enabling the development of resilient crops.

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Hmielowski, Tracy. "Making Crops Climate Ready." CSA News 64, no. 4 (April 2019): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/csa2019.64.0403.

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Banga, Surinder S., and Manjit S. Kang. "Developing Climate-Resilient Crops." Journal of Crop Improvement 28, no. 1 (January 2, 2014): 57–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15427528.2014.865410.

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Reilly, John. "Crops and climate change." Nature 367, no. 6459 (January 1994): 118–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/367118a0.

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Kopeć, Przemysław. "Climate Change—The Rise of Climate-Resilient Crops." Plants 13, no. 4 (February 8, 2024): 490. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13040490.

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Climate change disrupts food production in many regions of the world. The accompanying extreme weather events, such as droughts, floods, heat waves, and cold snaps, pose threats to crops. The concentration of carbon dioxide also increases in the atmosphere. The United Nations is implementing the climate-smart agriculture initiative to ensure food security. An element of this project involves the breeding of climate-resilient crops or plant cultivars with enhanced resistance to unfavorable environmental conditions. Modern agriculture, which is currently homogeneous, needs to diversify the species and cultivars of cultivated plants. Plant breeding programs should extensively incorporate new molecular technologies, supported by the development of field phenotyping techniques. Breeders should closely cooperate with scientists from various fields of science.

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SAAB, ANNE. "Climate-Resilient Crops and International Climate Change Adaptation Law." Leiden Journal of International Law 29, no. 2 (April 29, 2016): 503–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0922156516000121.

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AbstractThis article explores the role of international climate change adaptation law in promoting the use of genetically engineered crops as an adaptation strategy. The severity of climate change impacts and the realization that, by now, some adverse effects are inevitable, has intensified the urgency to devise effective adaptation strategies. Genetically engineered climate-resilient crops are presented as one possible means to adapt to the predicted adverse impacts of climate change on agriculture and crop yields. Despite increased attention on the research and development of climate-resilient crops, particularly by private sector seed corporations, there are many controversies surrounding this proposed adaptation strategy. The key contentions relate to apprehensions about genetically engineered crops more generally, the effectiveness of climate-resilient crops, and the involvement of the private sector in international climate change adaptation initiatives.The main argument in this article is that the emerging field of international climate change adaptation law contributes to promoting genetically engineered climate-resilient crops as a possible means of adaptation. Moreover, international adaptation law creates an enabling environment for the active engagement of private sector corporations in devising adaptation strategies. Notwithstanding controversies over genetically engineered crops and the role of the private sector, there has been little consideration so far of the influence of the growing international legal regime on climate change on the types of adaptation strategies that are devised and promoted.

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Sharafi, Saeed, Mohammad Javad Nahvinia, and Fatemeh Salehi. "Assessing the Water Footprints (WFPs) of Agricultural Products across Arid Regions: Insights and Implications for Sustainable Farming." Water 16, no. 9 (May 6, 2024): 1311. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w16091311.

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Water resource management has emerged as a pivotal concern within arid regions in recent times. The water footprint (WFP) index stands out as a principal gauge for facilitating comprehensive watershed management. This study endeavors to compute the WFP of diverse agricultural products encompassing major crops, orchards, cucurbits, and medicinal plants across arid regions. This research focuses on three distinct climate scenarios: the Shazand Plain with a semidry climate, the Khomein Plain characterized by a dry climate, and the Saveh Plain exhibiting a very dry climate. This study also seeks to ascertain the climate most conducive to cultivating crops from a WFP (green, blue, and gray) perspective. To achieve these objectives, this study employed the CropWat family software to determine crop water requirements, as well as considering crop yield and relevant parameters for calculations. The findings of the investigation unveiled that the cultivated areas in the respective climates amounted to 19,479 ha (semidry), 18,166 ha (dry), and 41,682 ha (very dry). These areas were allocated as follows: 88%, 85%, and 55% for crops; 11%, 13%, and 40% for orchards; and 1%, 2%, and 5% for cucurbit crops. Importantly, the very dry climate was predisposed to allocating more land for low-water-demand orchards. Among the major crops, wheat occupied 44%, 39%, and 43% of the total areas in the semidry, dry, and very dry climates, respectively. Analyzing the overall agricultural output in these climates, it was revealed that over 79%, 69%, and 66% of production correlated with crops; 17%, 19%, and 22% with orchards; and 4%, 12%, and 12% with cucurbits, respectively. In terms of water consumption, maize and apples emerged as the highest performers, with varying consumption patterns across different crops. Interestingly, canola exhibited a substantially higher WFP, surpassing wheat and barley by 56.48% and 58.85%, respectively, in dry climates. Cucurbit crops, on the other hand, displayed a lower WFP in dry climates, which could potentially encourage their cultivation. The influence of climate warming on canola’s WFPgray introduced complexity, challenging the conventional correlation between WFP and yields. Medicinal plants consistently demonstrated lower WFP values, underscoring the need for deliberate and considerate cultivation decisions in this regard.

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Morton, Lois Wright, and Lori J. Abendroth. "Crops, climate, culture, and change." Journal of Soil and Water Conservation 72, no. 3 (2017): 47A—52A. http://dx.doi.org/10.2489/jswc.72.3.47a.

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Kuden, A. B. "Climate change affects fruit crops." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1281 (June 2020): 437–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2020.1281.57.

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Дисертації з теми "Crops and climate"

Kambanje, Ardinesh. "Productivity and profitability of different maize varieties and cropping systems used in the smallholder sector of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa : implication on food security." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/6237.

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Low maize yields in the midst of abundant arable land, favourable climatic conditions, input and financial support programs, plagues smallholder maize farming in Eastern Cape Province. These scenarios have led the province to be a net importer of maize. In essence, low production may signify a mis-match between maize varieties being promoted amongst smallholder farmers and their farming system. Thus, the main objective of the study was to investigate the productivity and profitability of different maize varieties and cropping system under smallholder agriculture in selected villages of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa as well as, the implications posed on the household food security. The study sought to assess: (i) the productivity of different maize varieties and cropping systems, (ii) the effect of GM maize adoption on food security among smallholder farmers, (iii) the profitability of GM, conventional hybrids and OPV maize varieties produced by farmers under different agro-ecological conditions and (iv) the impact of different maize varieties and cropping systems on food security in the smallholder agriculture. A cross sectional quantitative-based survey study was carried out to obtain information from a total of 650 small holder farmers. The study was conducted in three local municipalities in Oliver Reginald (OR) Tambo District Municipality of the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. Descriptive statistics, partial factor productivity, gross margin analysis, household food insecurity access score (HFIAS), ordinal logistic and linear regression were the analytical techniques used in establishing correlations among variables. Results obtained from the survey indicated that under mono-cropping system, Genetically Modified (GM) maize variety was highly productive with an average yield of 1.9 t/ha whilst, improved OPV maize variety was productive (with an average yield of 1.6 t/ha) under mixed cropping system. Furthermore, GM maize (GM = -R418.10), and landrace (GM = -R1 140.29) maize varieties had negative gross margins whilst, conventional hybrids (GM = R5 181.21) and improved OPV (GM = R1 457.41) were profitable. There was a significant and negative correlation between use of GM maize variety and reduction of household food insecurity. GM maize varieties, improved OPV, white maize, white as well as yellow GM maize varieties had a significant impact in reducing household food insecurity; whilst using more than one variety of maize (landraces and GMO) positively influenced household food insecurity. In light of these research findings, it is recommended that, there is need to address household food security by growing improved OPVs under a mixed cropping system and GM maize under monocropping system.

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Schmidt, Holger. "Neue stabile Germylene Ligandeneffekte, Struktur, Reaktivität /." [S.l. : s.n.], 1998. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/76007677.html.

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Ng, Wai-yip. "Impact of climatic change during little ice age on agricultural development in north China, 1600-1650 Xiao bing qi qi hou bian qian yu Hua bei nong ye fa zhan : 1600-1650 nian jian de guan cha /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2009. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B43209397.

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Wang, Xuhui. "Impacts of climate change and agricultural managements on major global cereal crops." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2017. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2017PA066625.pdf.

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Les terres cultivées représentent un cinquième de la surface émergée de la Terre. Elles fournissent des nutriments à l'homme, modifient le cycle biogéochimique et l'équilibre énergétique de la terre. L’évolution des terres cultivées dans le contexte du changement climatique et avec une intensification des actions anthropiques constitue un enjeu important pour la sécurité alimentaire et les exigences environnementales du développement durable. Le manuscrit de thèse s’inscrit dans cette thématique en exploitant les données de différentes sources et la modélisation numérique. Les données utilisées sont : les statistiques de rendements, les observations agro-météorologiques à long terme, les résultats des sites d’expérimentation avec du réchauffement, les jeux de données globales issus des processus de fusion ou d’assimilation, les données climatiques historiques et de projection future. La modélisation fait appel aux modèles statistiques et aux modèles de processus. Le manuscrit est composé d’une série de travaux de détection et d'attribution. Ils explorent la phénologie, le rendement et leurs réponses aux changements climatiques et aux pratiques de gestion. Ils sont soit sur l'échelle régionale soit sur l’échelle globale, en fonction de la disponibilité des données et de leur pertinence. Le chapitre 2 décrit la construction et l’utilisation d'un modèle statistique avec des données provinciales de rendement au Nord-est de Chine et des données climatiques historiques. Les résultats montrent un effet asymétrique de la température diurne sur le rendement du maïs. Le rendement du maïs augmente de 10.0±7.7% en réponse à une augmentation moyenne de 1oC pendant la saison de croissance quand il s’agit de la température minimale de nuit (Tmin), mais le rendement diminue de 13,4±7,1% quand il s’agit de la température maximale de jour (Tmax). Il y a une grande disparité spatiale pour la réponse à Tmax, ce qui peut s'expliquer partiellement par le fort gradient spatial de la température pendant la saison de croissance (R = -0,67, P <0,01). La réponse du rendement aux précipitations dépend aussi des conditions d'humidité. Malgré la détection d'impacts significatifs du changement climatique sur le rendement, une part importante de ses variations n’est pas expliquée par les variables climatiques, ce qui souligne le besoin urgent de pouvoir attribuer proprement les variations de rendement au changement climatique et aux pratiques de gestion. Le chapitre 3 présente le développement d’un algorithme d'optimisation basé sur la théorie de Bayes pour optimiser les paramètres importants contrôlant la phénologie dans le modèle ORCHIDEE-crop. L’utilisation du modèle optimisé permet de distinguer les effets de la gestion de ceux du changement climatique sur la période de croissance du riz (LGP). Les résultats du modèle optimisé ORCHIDEE-crop suggèrent que le changement climatique affecte la LGP différemment en fonction des types du riz. Le facteur climatique a fait raccourcir la LGP du riz précoce (-2,0±5,0 jour / décennie), allonger la LGP du riz tardif (1,1±5,4 jour / décennie). Il a peu d'effet sur la LGP du riz unique (-0,4±5,4 jour / décennie). Les résultats du modèle ORCHIDEE-crop montrent aussi que les changements intervenus dans la date de transplantation ont provoqué un changement généralisé de la LGP, mais seulement pour les sites de riz précoce. Ceci compense à la hauteur de 65% le raccourcissement de la LGP provoquée par le changement climatique. Le facteur dominant du changement LGP varie suivant les trois types de riz. La gestion est le principal facteur pour les riz précoce et unique. Ce chapitre démontre aussi qu'un modèle optimisé peut avoir une excellente capacité à représenter des variations régionales complexes de LGP Croplands accounts for one-fifth of global land surface, providing calories for human beings and altering the global biogeochemical cycle and land surface energy balance. The response of croplands to climate change and intensifying human managements is of critical importance to food security and sustainability of the environment. The present manuscript of thesis utilizes various types of data sources (yield statistics, long-term agrometeorological observations, field warming experiments, data-driven global datasets, gridded historical climate dataset and projected climate change) and also modelling approaches (statistical model vs. process model). It presents a series of detection and attribution studies exploring how crop phenology and crop yield respond to climate change and some management practices at regional and global scales, according to data availability. In Chapter 2, a statistical model is constructed with prefecture-level yield statistics and historical climate observations over Northeast China. There are asymmetrical impacts of daytime and nighttime temperatures on maize yield. Maize yield increased by 10.0±7.7% in response to a 1 oC increase of daily minimum temperature (Tmin) averaged in the growing season, but decreased by 13.4±7.1% in response to a 1 oC warming of daily maximum temperature (Tmax). There is a large spatial variation in the yield response to Tmax, which can be partly explained by the spatial gradient of growing season mean temperature (R=-0.67, P<0.01). The response of yield to precipitation is also dependent on moisture conditions. In spite of detection of significant impacts of climate change on yield variations, a large portion of the variations is not explained by climatic variables, highlighting the urgent research need to clearly attribute crop yield variations to change in climate and management practices. Chapter 3 presents the development of a Bayes-based optimization algorithm that is used to optimize key parameters controlling phenological development in ORCHIDEE-crop model for discriminating effects of managements from those of climate change on rice growth duration (LGP). The results from the optimized ORCHIDEE-crop model suggest that climate change has an effect on LGP trends, but with dependency on rice types. Climate trends have shortened LGP of early rice (-2.0±5.0 day/decade), lengthened LGP of late rice (1.1±5.4 day/decade) and have little impacts on LGP of single rice (-0.4±5.4 day/decade). ORCHIDEE-crop simulations further show that change in transplanting date caused widespread LGP change only for early rice sites, offsetting 65% of climate-change-induced LGP shortening. The primary drivers of LGP change are thus different among the three types of rice. Management is predominant driver of LGP change for early and single rice. This chapter demonstrated the capability of the optimized crop model to represent complex regional variations of LGP. Future studies should better document observational errors and management practices in order to reduce large uncertainties that exist in attribution of LGP change and to facilitate further data-model integration. In Chapter 4, a harmonized data set of field warming experiments at 48 sites across the globe for the four most-widely-grown crops (wheat, maize, rice and soybean) is combined with an ensemble of gridded global crop models to produce emergent constrained estimates of the responses of crop yield to changes in temperature (ST). The new constraining framework integrates evidences from field warming experiments and global crop modeling shows with >95% probability that warmer temperatures would reduce yields for maize (-7.1±2.8% K-1), rice (-5.6±2.0% K-1) and soybean (-10.6±5.8% K-1). For wheat, ST was less negative and only 89% likely to be negative (-2.9±2.3% K-1). The field-observation based constraints from the results of the warming experiments reduced uncertainties associated with modeled ST by 12-54% for the four crops

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Champalle, Clara. "Cash crops and climate shocks: flexible livelihoods in Southeast Yunnan, China." Thesis, McGill University, 2013. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=114509.

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The rural landscape of the People's Republic of China has changed dramatically from land collectivization in the 1950s to the decollectivization reforms initiated by Deng Xiaoping in 1979. By the mid-1980s each rural household had again become responsible for its own agricultural production, and food security began to improve, even within the most remote areas. To further this agrarian transition, in the late 1990s the central state devised the Western Development Strategy to advance its 'less developed' western regions, within which provincial governments subsidized cash crops. The aim of this thesis is first to examine the importance of cash crops and related subsidies for Han and minority nationality farmer households in Honghe Hani-Yi Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan, China; second, to assess how extreme weather events affect these farmers' livelihoods and to investigate the coping mechanisms they employ. To answer this aim I draw on a conceptual framework that incorporates key elements from sustainable livelihoods, food security, and vulnerability and resilience to climate variability literatures. Focusing on four townships in Honghe Prefecture, southeast Yunnan, I completed statistical analyses of quantitative data regarding recent extreme weather events in the region and ethnographic fieldwork, including conversational interviews with farmers and semi-structured interviews with local officials completed in summer 2011. I find that state-sponsored cash crops do not always bring higher financial capital rewards and that cash crop farmers have been increasingly exposed to extreme precipitation and temperatures since the year 2000, which constrain their access to livelihood capitals, essential for (re)investing in cash cropping. In turn, farmers cope with and/or adapt to climate shocks according to their initial livelihood decision-making and the specifics of the event, while also being influenced by their location and ethnicity. In sum, I argue that farmers' vulnerability is rooted in social, temporal and spatial variables, many of which are not being considered by state officials. Le paysage rural de la République Populaire de Chine s'est considérablement transformé depuis la collectivisation dans les années 50 jusqu'aux réformes de dé-collectivisation instauré par Deng Xiaoping en 1979. Au milieu des années 80, chaque ménage rural est redevenu responsable de sa propre production agricole et la sécurité alimentaire semble s'être améliorée, même dans les régions les plus reculées. Pour intensifier la transition agraire et le développement rural, l'état a commencé à la fin des années 90 à subventionner les cultures commerciales au niveau provincial, à travers sa « Stratégie de développement de l'ouest du pays ». L'objectif de ce mémoire est premièrement d'examiner l'importance des cultures commerciales subventionnées par l'état pour les agriculteurs, particulièrement issus des minorités ethniques (Yi, Hmong, Yao, et Zhuang) et de la majorité Han dans la Préfecture de Honghe, Yunnan; et deuxièmement d'évaluer les effets des phénomènes climatiques extrêmes sur leurs moyens d'existence et d'étudier les mécanismes de survie auxquels ils ont recours. Pour remplir cet objectif, j'utilise un cadre théorique incorporant les éléments clés des littératures sur les moyens d'existence durables, la sécurité alimentaire, ainsi que la vulnérabilité et la résilience à la variabilité du climat. Mes méthodes comprennent une analyse statistique des données quantitatives des récents phénomènes climatiques extrêmes dans la région et un travail ethnographique dans quatre cantons de la Préfecture de Honghe, notamment des entrevues non structurées avec les agriculteurs et semi-structurées avec les cadres locaux au cours de l'été 2011. Je constate que les cultures commerciales subventionnées par l'état ne s'accompagnent pas toujours d'une amélioration du capital financier des agriculteurs et que ces cultures sont de plus en plus exposées à de fortes précipitations et d'extrêmes températures, qui réduisent l'accès aux capitaux de subsistance, nécessaire au réinvestissement dans les cultures commerciales. Par conséquent, les agriculteurs développent des stratégies de survie et/ou d'adaptation selon leurs moyens d'existence choisis et le type de phénomènes climatiques, mais sont également affectés par leur emplacement et leur ethnicité. En somme, je remarque que l'accès des agriculteurs aux ressources est essentiellement fonction de trois variables : sociale, temporelle et spatiale ; celles-ci souvent ignorées par les cadres gouvernementaux.

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Wang, Xuhui. "Impacts of climate change and agricultural managements on major global cereal crops." Thesis, Paris 6, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017PA066625/document.

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Ozdes, Mehmet. "The effect of climate and aerosol on crop production: a case study of central Asia." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/48997.

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The effect of recent climate change in Central Asia poses a significant and potentially serious challenge to the region’s agricultural sector. An investigation of the aerosol-climate- crop yield correlation in this region is essential for a better understanding of the effect of aerosols and climate on Central Asian agriculture. Our goal is to investigate the linkages between aerosol, climate and major crop production (cotton, maize, wheat, and rice) in specified agricultural regions in the five Central Asian countries. Our approach is to perform the Pearson’s Correlation Coefficient analysis in order to observe the statistical correlation between crop yield, temperature, precipitation, and aerosol optical depth (AOD), for each indicated agricultural region in the selected countries. Besides, using NASA GIOVANNI website tools, we retrieve distribution maps and time series of temperature, precipitation and AOD to facilitate the analyses. The research shows that in some aspects, the relation between AOD, climate, and crop yield is different in Central Asia than in previous global or large scale research hypotheses. The statistical correlations vary not only across countries but also across agricultural regions. For example, in Kazakhstan, opposite correlations exist between precipitation and AOD in two different agricultural regions even though both regions are rain-fed. In the more arid countries (with lower rain rates) such as Turkmenistan and Uzbekistan, no correlation exists between crop production and temperature, precipitation, and AOD, while the less arid (with higher rain rate) countries (Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Tajikistan) indicate a positive correlation.

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Ng, Wai-yip, and 吳偉業. "Impact of climatic change during little ice age on agricultural development in north China, 1600-1650." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2009. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43209397.

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Almaraz, Suarez Juan Jose. "Climate change and crop production in southwestern Quebec : mitigation and adaptation." Thesis, McGill University, 2007. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=103364.

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Anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are the main cause of increasing global temperatures. Climate change will affect crop production in Canada and, in turn agriculture has the potential to mitigate climate change. Analysis of historical climate and corn yield data, and field and greenhouse experiments were carried out in order to study the effect of climate variability and changes on corn yield, the adaptability of cropping systems to climate change conditions, the effect of tillage on soil greenhouse gas emissions (CO2 and N2O) associated with corn and soybean production, and the potential of Nod factors to increase biomass as way to mitigate CO2 emissions. In southwestern Quebec, corn yield variability has been strongly associated to July temperature and May precipitation during the last three decades. Field studies showed that switchgrass and sorghum-sudangrass were best adapted to dry and warm climate events. No-till improved corn yield when spring temperatures were warmer than normal. Soil CO2 fluxes were associated with temperature, while soil N2O fluxes were associated with precipitation. Conventional tillage (CT) had greater CO2 emissions than no-till (NT), particularly after disking in the spring. Both tillage systems had large N2O emission peaks during the wettest part of the season. In corn, peaks of N 2O occurred after nitrogen fertilizer application. NT had greater N 2O emissions than CT in the corn production systems; however, CT had greater N2O fluxes than NT in the soybean production system. Nod factors sprayed on soybean increased photosynthesis and biomass under controlled conditions. In the field, yield was increased by Nod factors under CT, but not under NT, and drought reduced the soybean response to Nod factors. Les émissions anthropogènes de gaz à effet de serre sont la cause principale de l'augmentation globale des températures. Les changements climatiques vont affecter la production agricole au Canada, et en retour, l'agriculture pourrait limiter les changements climatiques. L'analyse de données historiques du climat et des rendements de maïs, combinés avec des expériences de serre et en champ ont été entreprises pour étudier l'effet de la variabilité et des changements de climat sur le rendement de maïs, l'adaptabilité des systèmes agricoles aux changements climatiques, l'effet du travail du sol sur les émissions de gaz à effet de serre (C02 et N20) associées avec la production de maïs et de soya, et le potentiel des facteurs Nod d'augmenter la biomasse pour limiter les émissions de CO2. L'analyse des données historiques ont démontré qu'au sud-ouest du Québec, la variabilité des rendements de maïs est fortement associée avec les températures de juillet et les précipitations de mai pendant les dernières trois décennies. Les expériences au champ ont démontré que le panic raide, et le sorghum-sudangrass sont les mieux adaptés aux conditions chaudes et sèches. Le semis direct a augmenté les rendements de maïs lorsque les températures printanières étaient plus chaudes que la normale. Les flux de C02 étaient associés avec la température, mais les flux de N20 étaient associés avec les précipitations. Le travail du sol conventionnel (CT) a produit plus d'émissions de CO2 que le semis direct (NT), particulièrement après le disquage au printemps. Les deuxsystèmes ont montré un large pic d'émission de N20 pendant les périodes les pluspluvieuses. Dans le maïs, les pics de N20 ont été détectés après la fertilisation enazote. NT a montré des émissions de N20 plus importantes que CT en productionde maïs, mais CT a montré des flux de N20 plus important que NT en productionde soya. Les facteurs Nod vaporisés sur le soya ont augmenté la photosynthèse etla biomasse sous conditions controllées. Au champ, le rendement a été augmentépar les facteurs Nod sous CT, mais pas sous NT, et la sécheresse a réduit laréponse du soya aux facteurs Nod.

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Sundelin, William. "Growing crops or growing conflicts? : Climate variability, rice production and political violence in Vietnam." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9757.

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This thesis contributes to research on climate change and violent conflict by testing the theory of a causal relationship between climate variability, agricultural production and political violence in the case of Vietnam 2010-2019. Climate-related negative shocks to agricultural production in developing countries are expected to lower the opportunity cost of violence through an income effect. This increases the risk of violent conflict. The thesis draws on a framework that combines climate-conflict research, civil war theory and research on how climactic factors affect rice cultivation in Southeast Asia. It tests the hypotheses emerging from the framework using mixed-effect models and a counterfactual comparison. Minimum temperature increases in the growing season for rice have been found to decrease rice yields, while maximum temperature increases have a positive effect on yield.The results show that minimum temperature increases are averse to Vietnamese rice production and have a positive relationship with political violence in the following year. Maximum temperature however is not significantly related to either rice production or violence. These results are in line with the hypotheses drawn from the framework. The minimum temperature effect on political violence is small compared to some of the covariates but robust to several different model specifications. The results provide evidence of a climate-conflict link through agricultural production in contemporary Vietnam which is similar to the findings in existing case studies in Southeast Asia. However, more research will be needed to decisively identify the causal mechanism and the specifics of how it works. The seminar was held digitally.

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Книги з теми "Crops and climate"

N, Singh S. Climate change and crops. Berlin: Springer, 2009.

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Fahad, Shah, Osman Sönmez, Shah Saud, Depeng Wang, Chao Wu, Muhammad Adnan, and Veysel Turan. Developing Climate-Resilient Crops. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003109037.

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Singh, S. N., ed. Climate Change and Crops. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88246-6.

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Saikia, Siddhartha P. Climate change. Dehradun: International Book Distributors, 2010.

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Yadav, S. S. Crop adaptation to climate change. Chichester, West Sussex: Wiley-Blackwell, 2011.

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Uzoma, Nwajiuba Chinedum, ed. Climate change and adaptation in Nigeria. Weikersheim: Margraf, 2008.

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Eitzinger, Josef. Landwirtschaft im Klimawandel: Auswirkungen und Anpassungsstrategien für die Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Mitteleuropa. [Clenze]: Agrimedia, 2009.

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Eitzinger, Josef. Landwirtschaft im Klimawandel: Auswirkungen und Anpassungsstrategien für die Land- und Forstwirtschaft in Mitteleuropa. [Clenze]: Agrimedia, 2009.

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Mota, Fernando Silveira da. Clima e agricultura no Brasil. Porto Alegre, RS: SAGRA, 1986.

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Singh, Madan Pal. Climate change: Impacts and adaptations in crop plants. New Delhi: Today & Tomorrow's Printers and Publishers, 2011.

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Частини книг з теми "Crops and climate"

Zohry, Abd El-Hafeez, and Samiha Ouda. "Climate-Resilient Crops." In Climate-Smart Agriculture, 115–35. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93111-7_6.

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Ahad, Arzoo, Sami Ullah Jan, Khola Rafique, Sameera Zafar, Murtaz Aziz Ahmad, Faiza Abbas, and Alvina Gul. "Climate Change and Cereal Modeling." In Cereal Crops, 239–72. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003250845-11.

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Umesh, M. R., Sangu Angadi, Prasanna Gowda, Rajan Ghimire, and Sultan Begna. "Climate-Resilient Minor Crops for Food Security." In Agronomic Crops, 19–32. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9151-5_2.

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Ouda, Samiha, and Abd El-Hafeez Zohry. "Climate Extremes and Crops." In Climate-Smart Agriculture, 93–114. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-93111-7_5.

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Das, Susmita, Adyant Kumar, Manashi Barman, Sukanta Pal, and Pintoo Bandopadhyay. "Impact of Climate Variability on Phenology of Rice." In Agronomic Crops, 13–28. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0025-1_2.

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Shabir, Sumera, and Noshin Ilyas. "The Possible Influence of Climate Change on Agriculture." In Agronomic Crops, 579–92. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-0025-1_27.

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Nair, Kodoth Prabhakaran. "The CWR of Minor Fruit Crops." In Springer Climate, 79–81. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-23037-1_14.

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Ijaz, Muhammad, Abdul Rehman, Komal Mazhar, Ammara Fatima, Sami Ul-Allah, Qasim Ali, and Shakeel Ahmad. "Crop Production Under Changing Climate: Past, Present, and Future." In Agronomic Crops, 149–73. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-32-9151-5_9.

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Jamil, Shakra, Rahil Shahzad, Shakeel Ahmad, Zulfiqar Ali, Sana Shaheen, Hamna Shahzadee, Noreen Fatima, et al. "Climate Change and Role of Genetics and Genomics in Climate-Resilient Sorghum." In Developing Climate-Resilient Crops, 111–38. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003109037-6-6.

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Khan, Shakeel A., Sanjeev Kumar, M. Z. Hussain, and N. Kalra. "Climate Change, Climate Variability and Indian Agriculture: Impacts Vulnerability and Adaptation Strategies." In Climate Change and Crops, 19–38. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-88246-6_2.

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Тези доповідей конференцій з теми "Crops and climate"

Kuznetsova, G. N., and R. S. Polyakova. "PECULIARITIES OF SEED PRODUCTION OF CABBAGE CROPS." In Sustainable Agricultural Development in a Changing Climate. Federal Scientific Rice Centre, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33775/conf-2023-85-89.

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Miladinović, Dragana, Ana Marjanović Jeromela, Ankica Kondić-Špika, Goran Bekavac, Sonja Tancic Zivanov, Miroslav Zoric, Sandra Cvejic, et al. "Breeding of climate-smart crops at IFVCNS." In XIth International Congress of Geneticists and Breeders from the Republic of Moldova. Scientific Association of Geneticists and Breeders of the Republic of Moldova, Institute of Genetics, Physiology and Plant Protection, Moldova State University, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.53040/cga11.2021.084.

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"Evaluating cover crops as a climate change adaptation strategy." In ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium: Adaptation and Mitigation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/cc.20152144028.

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Fedorchuk, M. "Prospects for growing niche crops in the south of Ukraine." In international scientific-practical conference. MYKOLAYIV NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/978-617-7149-78-0-44.

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The study of the prospects of growing niche crops in the South of Ukraine is an actual topic in the conditions of climate change. Given the potential benefits and challenges of growing one of the niche crops, such as sage, ways to increase the productivity of a highly profitable crop are considered. The study emphasizes the importance of the development of niche crops in the Southern region of Ukraine, taking into account the soil and climatic potential, which ensures high profitability of agricultural enterprises

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Tangwa, Elvis, Vit Voženílek, Jan Brus, and Vilem Pechanec. "CLIMATE CHANGE AND THE AGRICULTURAL POTENTIAL OF SELECTED LEGUME CROPS IN EAST AFRICA." In GEOLINKS International Conference. SAIMA Consult Ltd, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32008/geolinks2020/b1/v2/02.

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Land expansion to increase agricultural production in East Africa (Burundi, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania and Uganda) will be limited by climate change. In this study, we predict landscape suitability for chickpea (Cicer arietinum), common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), lentil (Lens culinaris), field pea (Pisum sativum) and pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) cultivated across diverse agro-ecological zones (AEZs) in East Africa from 1970 to 2070, under the 4.5 emission scenario. Our aim was to understand how suitability shifts among the AEZs might affect the agricultural potential of the selected crops. We use the geolocations of each crop together with response curves from the species distribution software, Maxent to fine-tune the expert based EcoCrop model to the prevailing climatic conditions in the study region. Our optimal precipitation and temperature ranges compared reasonably with the FAO base parameters, deviating by ±200mm and ±5oC, respectively. There is currently a high potential for lentil, pea and common bean in the region. However, under future climates, the suitability of common bean and lentil with a much narrow climate range will shrink considerably while pigeon pea and chickpea will continue to be suitable. Under projected climatic conditions, the agricultural potential of these legumes will be limited by drought or heat stress as landscape suitability will shift optimally toward the cool sub-humid (tcsh), and the cool semi-arid (tcsa) zones. Tanzania, Kenya and Uganda will be the most affected and will lose a large share of suitable arable land. Different adaptation measures will be needed to increase the agricultural potential and optimized production in vulnerable AEZs. In general, smallholder farmers will have to substitute lentil and common bean for chickpea and pigeon pea or other suitable substitutes to address food security issues. Notwithstanding the limitations of this study, our results highlight the vulnerability of legumes crops as well as their production zones which could be useful in the formulation of adaptation strategies for the East African region.

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Cheverdin, A. Yu, Yu I. Cheverdin, and M. Yu Sautkina M.Yu. "DIAZOTROPHIC MICROBIAL PREPARATIONS IN WINTER WHEAT CROPS OF THE CENTRAL CHERNOZEM REGION." In Sustainable Agricultural Development in a Changing Climate. Federal Scientific Rice Centre, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.33775/conf-2023-187-189.

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Hrabovetska, O. A. "PAWPAW, PERSIMMON, UNABI ARE REAL – PROMISING UNCOMMON FRUIT CROPS IN THE SOUTH OF UKRAINE." In CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. Baltija Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-389-7-4.

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"AgMIP (Crops & Soils)- The crucial role of soil when modeling the impact of climate change on crop production." In ASABE 1st Climate Change Symposium: Adaptation and Mitigation. American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/cc.20152119457.

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Vyskub, R. S., V. V. Vashchenko, and O. B. Bondareva. "ADAPTIVE SELECTION OF GRAIN CROPS IN THE CONDITIONS OF THE SOUTH-EASTERN STEPPE OF UKRAINE." In CLIMATE-SMART AGRICULTURE: SCIENCE AND PRACTICE. Baltija Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.30525/978-9934-26-389-7-16.

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Koloianidi, N. "Productivity of leguminous crops under conditions of climate change." In international scientific-practical conference. MYKOLAYIV NATIONAL AGRARIAN UNIVERSITY, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.31521/978-617-7149-78-0-20.

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The study of the productivity of leguminous crops in the conditions of climate change is an actual topic that requires a serious scientific approach. Considering the constant changes in the climate, it is important to study the influence of these factors on the yield and quality of crops. The results of research are necessary for the development of new technologies and cultivation methods that will help ensure a stable harvest of leguminous crops despite external factors

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Звіти організацій з теми "Crops and climate"

Tobin, Daniel, Maria Janowiak, David Hollinger, Howard Skinner, Christopher Swanston, Rachel Steele, Rama Radhakrishna, and Allison Chatrchyan. Northeast and Northern Forests Regional Climate Hub Assessment of Climate Change Vulnerability and Adaptation and Mitigation Strategies. USDA Northeast Climate Hub, June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2015.6965350.ch.

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The northeastern United States is a diverse region containing the seven most densely populated States in the Nation. Agriculture in the Northeast is varied, including vegetable production, ornamentals and fruits, animal production, and field crops. Forests are a dominant land use in the northern parts of the region and in the Appalachian Mountains. Northeast farmers are already experiencing crop damage from extreme precipitation. Wet springs are delaying planting and harvest dates and reducing yields for grain and vegetables. Heavy rain in the Northeast has increased more than any other region in the country.

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Kistner-Thomas, Erica. Recent Trends in Climate/Weather Impacts on Midwestern Fruit and Vegetable Production. USDA Midwest Climate Hub, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.6893747.ch.

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While the Midwest is famous for being the world’s leader in corn and soybean production, this region is also home to a variety of high value specialty crops. Specialty crops include fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, and nursery crops including floriculture.

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Falck-Zepeda, José Benjamin, Patricia Biermayr-Jenzano, Maria Mercedes Roca, Ediner Fuentes-Campos, and Enoch Mutebi Kikulwe. Bio-innovations: Genome-edited crops for climate-smart food systems. Washington, DC: International Food Policy Research Institute, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2499/9780896294257_10.

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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Katherine Jarvis-Shean, Mark Battany, and George Zhuang. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS Area 3. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7444387.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for  economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California Area 3 for some key, climate-sensitive crops.

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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Katherine Jarvis-Shean, and Mark Battany. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS Area 1. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7444389.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California Area 1 for five key, climate-sensitive crops.

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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Andre S. Biscaro, and Mark Battany. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS area 4. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7435379.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California Area 4 for five key, climate-sensitive crops.

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Ostoja, Steven, Tapan Pathak, Katherine Jarvis-Shean, Mark Battany, and Andre S. Biscaro. Adapt - On-farm changes in the face of climate change: NRCS Area 2. USDA California Climate Hub, April 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2018.7444388.ch.

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The agricultural economy is more vulnerable to projected changes in climate in some California counties than in others. This flyer highlights on-farm adaptation strategies to mitigate some of the effects of increased winter temperatures and more frequent summer heatwaves. Projected conditions will put the most strain on heat intolerant crops and crops with high chill requirements. When crops with these characteristics also have a high market value or are grown in large acreage, counties can be at risk for economic declines. Information on this flyer identifies the most vulnerable counties in California NRCS Area 2 for six key, climate-sensitive crops.

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Noort, M. W. J., and S. Renzetti. Breads from African climate-resilient crops for improving diets and food security. Wageningen: Wageningen Food & Biobased Research, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/583371.

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Sands, Ronald, and Man-Keun Kim. Modeling the Competition for Land: Methods and Application to Climate Policy. GTAP Working Paper, April 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp45.

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*Chapter 7 of the forthcoming book "Economic Analysis of Land Use in Global Climate Change Policy," edited by Thomas W. Hertel, Steven Rose, and Richard S.J. Tol The Agriculture and Land Use (AgLU) model was developed at Pacific Northwest National Laboratory to assess the impact of a changed climate or a climate policy on land use, carbon emissions from land use change, production of field crops, and production of biofuels. The level of analysis to date is relatively aggregate, at the global or national scale, but the model captures important interactions such as endogenous land use change in response to a climate policy and international trade in agricultural and forest products. This paper describes exploratory efforts to extend the conceptual framework, including geographical disaggregation of land within the United States, improving the dynamics of the forestry sector, valuing carbon in forests, and land requirements for biofuel crops. Conceptual development is done within a single-country, steady-state version of AgLU. Land use is simulated with carbon prices from zero to $200 per t-C, with forests, biofuels, and food crops competing simultaneously for land.

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Conover, Emily, and Adriana Camacho. The Impact of Receiving Price and Climate Information in the Agricultural Sector. Inter-American Development Bank, May 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011202.

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Previous studies indicate that Colombian farmers make production decisions based on informal sources of information, such as family and neighbors or tradition. In this paper the authors randomize recipients of price and weather information using text messages (SMS technology). The authors find that relative to those farmers who did not receive SMS information, the farmers who did were more likely to provide market price information, had a narrower dispersion in the expected price of their crops, and had a significant reduction in crop loss. Farmers also report that text messages provide useful information, especially in regards to sale prices. The results do not find, however, a significant difference between the treated and untreated farmers in the actual sale price, nor changes in farmers' revenues or household expenditures.

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